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HOLT
WORLD HISTORY
Human Legacy
Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston
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ISBN-13: 978-0-03-093784-2
ISBN 0-03-093784-1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 912 12 11 10 09 08 07
Contents/Contenidos
Chapter 22: Life in the Industrial Chapter 28: World War II/
Age/Captulo 22: La vida en la Era Captulo 28: La Segunda Guerra
Industrial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496 Mundial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638
Section/Seccin 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496 Section/Seccin 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638
Section/Seccin 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503 Section/Seccin 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645
Section/Seccin 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509 Section/Seccin 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652
Section/Seccin 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658
Chapter 23: Reforms, Revolutions,
and War/Captulo 23: Reformas,
revoluciones y guerra . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 Unit 9: The Contemporary
Section/Seccin 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 World/Unidad 9: El mundo
Section/Seccin 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521 contemporneo
Section/Seccin 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526
Section/Seccin 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532 Chapter 29: Europe and North
America/Captulo 29: Europa y
Chapter 24: Nationalism in Europe/ Amrica del Norte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664
Captulo 24: El nacionalismo en Section/Seccin 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664
Europa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539 Section/Seccin 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671
Section/Seccin 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539 Section/Seccin 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678
Section/Seccin 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545 Section/Seccin 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685
Section/Seccin 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
Section/Seccin 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556 Chapter 30: Asia/Captulo 30:
Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692
Chapter 25: The Age of Section/Seccin 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692
Imperialism/Captulo 25: La era Section/Seccin 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698
del imperialismo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562 Section/Seccin 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704
Section/Seccin 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562 Section/Seccin 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711
Section/Seccin 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568
Section/Seccin 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575 Chapter 31: Africa and the Middle
Section/Seccin 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581 East/Captulo 31: frica y Medio
Oriente. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717
Section/Seccin 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717
Unit 8: The World at War/ Section/Seccin 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723
Unidad 8: El mundo en Section/Seccin 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730
guerra Section/Seccin 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736
Chapter 26: World War I/Captulo Chapter 32: Latin America/
26: La Primera Guerra Mundial. . . . 587 Captulo 32: Amrica Latina . . . . . . 742
Section/Seccin 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587 Section/Seccin 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742
Section/Seccin 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593 Section/Seccin 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748
Section/Seccin 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599 Section/Seccin 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754
Section/Seccin 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605
Chapter 33: Todays World/
Chapter 27: The Interwar Years/ Captulo 33: El mundo en la
Captulo 27: Los aos de actualidad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760
entreguerras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612 Section/Seccin 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760
Section/Seccin 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612 Section/Seccin 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766
Section/Seccin 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618 Section/Seccin 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 772
Section/Seccin 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625 Section/Seccin 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778
Section/Seccin 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631
estudiarlas.
hl08_sur_sir_c20_s02.indd 459 2/14/07 10:09:38 AM
Notes throughout the margins help you to interact with the content and understand the
information you are reading./Las notas de los mrgenes te ayudan a interactuar con el
contenido y a entender la informacin que lees.
libro de texto, para que sea Jean-Paul Marat, a radical, was in favor of violent
methods. George-Jacques Danton, a violent agitator
common?/Qu tenan en
comn Marat, Danton y
Robespierre?
fcil hallar el material que in the Revolutions early days, in time favored
compromise. The intensely dedicated Maximilien _______________________
y estudiarlas rpidamente.
Be sure to read all notes
and answer all of the
questions in the margins.
They have been written
specifically to help you
keep track of important
information. Your answers
to these questions will help
you study for your tests./
Asegrate de leer todas
las notas y de responder
a todas las preguntas
de los mrgenes. Estas
preguntas se escribieron
especficamente para
ayudarte a seguir la
informacin importante.
Tus respuestas a estas
preguntas te ayudarn
a estudiar para los
exmenes.
The Section Assessment questions from your textbook are provided to help focus your
attention on each sections main ideas./Las preguntas de Evaluacin de la seccin de tu libro
de texto se incluyen para ayudarte a enfocar tu atencin en las ideas principales de cada
seccin.
Section Assessment
questions help to develop Name/Nombre _________________ Class/Clase __________________ Date/Fecha ____________
The French Revolution and Napoleon/La Revolucin francesa
your analysis skills./Las y Napolen
Human Origins/
Orgenes de los
humanos
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL BEG HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, b. Summarize What types of art did later Stone Age people
palabras y personas create?/Resumir Qu tipos de arte crearon los pueblos de
1. a. Recall What is an artifact, and what are two examples of la ltima parte de la Edad de Piedra?
artifacts?/Recordar Qu es un artefacto y cules son dos c. Elaborate How did Stone Age technology improve over
ejemplos de artefactos? time?/Profundizar Cmo mejor con el tiempo la tec-
b. Explain How do some anthropologists and archaeolo- nologa de la Edad de Piedra?
gists contribute to our understanding of prehistory?/Expli- Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
car Cmo contribuyen algunos antroplogos y arquelogos
5. Summarize Copy the graphic organizer below. Using your
a nuestra comprensin de la prehistoria?
notes, complete the graphic organizer by describing what
c. Make Judgments Based on what you have learned about scientists have learned about human origins from each of the
archaeological digs, would you want to work on one? Use key discoveries listed./Resumir Copia el siguiente organiza-
information from the text to support your answer./Dar dor grfico. Con tus notas, completa el organizador grfico
opiniones Basndote en lo que has aprendido sobre las exca- describiendo lo que han aprendido los cientficos sobre los
vaciones arqueolgicas, te gustara trabajar en una? Usa la orgenes de los humanos a partir de cada uno de los descu-
informacin del texto para justificar tu respuesta. brimientos clave de la lista.
2. a. Identify How have Mary Leakey, Louis Leakey, and
Donald Johanson contributed to our knowledge of human Discovery/Descubrimiento Importance/Importancia
origins?/Identificar Cmo contribuyeron Mary Leakey, Nutcracker Man, 1959/
Hombre Cascanueces, 1959
Louis Leakey y Donald Johanson a nuestro conocimiento
de los orgenes de los humanos? Lucy, 1974/Lucy, 1974
Laetoli Footprints, 1970s/
b. Contrast What set Homo sapiens apart from early homi- Huellas de Laetoli, 19701979
nids?/Contrastar Qu separaba al Homo sapiens de los
Chad fossils, 2001/
homnidos anteriores? Fsiles de Chad, 2001
c. Evaluate In your opinion, how did the development of lan-
guage most benefit prehistoric people? Why?/Evaluar En tu FOCUS ON WRITING
opinin, de qu forma benefici ms a los pueblos prehistri-
cos el desarrollo del lenguaje? Por qu?
ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
3. a. Describe What possible routes did Homo sapiens use to
spread from Africa throughout the world?/Describir Qu 6. Description Write a paragraph describing the four main
rutas posibles us el Homo sapiens para dispersarse desde groups of early hominids. Your description should include the
frica a todo el mundo? name of each hominid group, what scientists know about it,
b. Explain What do most scientist think helped contribute to and how each group was more advanced than the previous
some of the genetic variation seen among modern humans one./Descripcin Escribe un prrafo en el que describas
today?/Explicar Qu piensan la mayora de los cientficos los cuatro grupos principales de homnidos primitivos. En tu
que contribuy a producir algunas de las variaciones gen- descripcin, debes mencionar el nombre de cada grupo de
ticas que se ven hoy en da entre los seres humanos homnidos, lo que los cientficos saben sobre l y en qu era
modernos? ms avanzado que el anterior cada grupo.
4. a. Define What is a hunter-gatherer?/Definir Qu es un
cazador y recolector?
Causes/Causas Effects/Efectos
DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE/
DESARROLLO DE LA AGRICULTURA
The lives of early people changed dramatically about
What happened during
10,000 years ago. People began to grow crops. By the Neolithic Revolution?/
growing their food instead of just hunting animals Qu sucedi durante la
and gathering food, early people greatly improved revolucin neoltica?
their chances of survival and forever changed _______________________
history. The shift to farming is called the Neolithic _______________________
Revolution./La vida de las primeras personas cambi
significativamente hace alrededor de 10,000 aos.
Las personas comenzaron a cultivar. Al cultivar sus
propios alimentos en lugar de slo cazar animales y
recolectar alimentos, las primeras personas mejoraron
mucho sus posibilidades de sobrevivir y cambiaron la
historia para siempre. El paso a la agricultura se llama
revolucin neoltica.
Farming started around the time the last ice age
What impact did the end of
ended. Wild grains such as barley and wheat appeared the ice age have on early
due to the warmer weather. People began to gather people?/Qu impacto
the wild grains for food. This new food source caused tuvo el fin de la edad de
hielo sobre las primeras
the population to grow and need even more food. personas?
In time, people experimented with planting seeds
_______________________
and learned to farm. Then, people began to practice
domestication, the selective growing or breeding _______________________
of plants and animals to make them more useful to
humans. Animals such as dogs, cattle, goats, pigs, and Circle five kinds of
sheep were also domesticated./La agricultura comenz domesticated animals./
aproximadamente cuando termin la ltima edad de Encierra en un crculo
cinco tipos de animales
hielo. Con el clima ms clido, aparecieron granos domesticados.
silvestres como la cebada y el trigo. Las personas
Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL BEG HP
Cities/Ciudades Civilizations/Civilizaciones
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL BEG HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, Profundizar Cules son algunas de las formas posibles en
palabras y personas las que el comercio, la migracin o las invasiones pueden pro-
vocar la difusin de la tecnologa?
1. a. Define What is a division of labor?/Definir Qu es la
divisin del trabajo? Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
b. Identify Cause and Effect How did irrigation systems 4. Identify Supporting Details Use your notes and a graphic
help contribute to the development of the first cities?/Iden- organizer like the one shown below to identify and describe
tificar causa y efecto Cmo contribuyeron los sistemas de each of the characteristics that early civilizations had in com-
riego al desarrollo de las primeras ciudades? mon. You will need to add rows to your graphic organizer./
2. a. Recall Where did the worlds first four civilizations Identificar detalles para fundamentar Usa tus notas y
develop?/Recordar Dnde se desarrollaron las primeras un organizador grfico como el siguiente para identificar y
cuatro civilizaciones del mundo? describir cada una de las caractersticas que tenan en comn
b. Summarize What conditions existed in river valleys that las primeras civilizaciones. Necesitars agregar filas a tu orga-
encouraged the development of the first civilizations?/ nizador grfico.
Resumir Qu condiciones existan en los valles de los ros
Characteristics/Caractersticas Description/Descripcin
que fomentaron el desarrollo de las primeras civilizaciones?
c. Evaluate Why do you think that record keeping and writ-
ing are necessary characteristics of civilization?/Evaluar Por
qu crees que los registros escritos y la escritura son caracte-
rsticas necesarias de una civilizacin? FOCUS ON WRITING
3. a. Identify What are some factors that cause civilizations to
change?/Identificar Cules son algunos de los factores que ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
hacen que las civilizaciones cambien?
5. Exposition Write two paragraphs that explain how migra-
b. Explain What are some causes of cultural diffusion, and
tion and cultural diffusion contributed to civilizations
how did it affect early civilizations?/Explicar Cules son
changing over time. Consider the spread of both people and
algunas de las causas de la difusin cultural y cmo afect
ideas./Exposicin Escribe dos prrafos en los que expliques
a las primeras civilizaciones?
cmo la migracin y la difusin cultural contribuyeron a que
c. Elaborate What are some possible ways that trade, migra- las civilizaciones cambiaran con el tiempo. Considera la dis-
tion, or invasion might lead to the spread of technology?/ persin de las personas y la difusin de las ideas.
Sumer/Sumeria
SUMER/SUMERIA
Sumerians (soo-MER-ee-unz) developed the first
civilization. Their first large cities began to appear by
4000 BC. Each Sumerian city had structures made
of mud bricks and a large pyramid-shaped temple
called a ziggurat to honor its chief god./Los sumerios
desarrollaron la primera civilizacin. Sus primeras
ciudades grandes comenzaron a aparecer alrededor
de 4000 a.C. Cada ciudad sumeria tena estructuras
hechas de ladrillos de barro y un gran templo con
forma de pirmide llamado zigurat para honrar a su
dios principal.
Over time, each Sumerian city and its lands formed Circle the religious belief of
a city-state, a political unit with its own government. the Sumerians. What does
Polytheism, the worship of many gods, shaped the word mean?/Encierra
Sumerian life. The Sumerians believed that they had en un crculo la creencia
religiosa de los sumerios.
to keep the gods and goddesses happy so they would Qu significa la palabra?
bring the people rich harvests instead of problems
_______________________
like flooding. As a result, priests held a higher status
in society, often governing the city-states./Con el
tiempo, cada ciudad sumeria y sus tierras vecinas
formaron una ciudad estado, una unidad poltica
con su propio gobierno. El politesmo, la creencia en
muchos dioses, defina la vida sumeria. Los sumerios
crean que tenan que mantener a los dioses y a las
diosas felices para que trajeran buenas cosechas a las
personas en vez de problemas como las inundaciones.
En consecuencia, los sacerdotes tenan una posicin
ms alta en la sociedad y a menudo gobernaban las
ciudades estado.
In time, the city-states started to fight more for land
and water. War chiefs began to rule as kings. Often,
a king passed his leadership on to family members,
EMPIRES IN MESOPOTAMIA/IMPERIOS DE
MESOPOTAMIA
Frequent warfare weakened Sumers city-states. Underline why Sumers
city-states weakened.
Sargon, ruler of the Akkadians, was the first to use Who were two rulers
a permanent army. This army helped him to create who came to power as a
the worlds first empire, a land that includes different result?/Subraya por qu
las ciudades estado de
kingdoms and people under one rule. The Akkadian
Sumeria se debilitaron.
Empire stretched from the Mediterranean Sea to the Quines fueron dos de los
Persian Gulf./Las guerras frecuentes debilitaron las gobernantes que llegaron
ciudades estado de Sumeria. Sargn, gobernante al poder por esto?
de los acadios, fue el primero en utilizar un ejrcito _______________________
permanente. Este ejrcito lo ayud a crear el primer _______________________
imperio del mundo, un territorio que incluye
diferentes reinos y pueblos bajo un solo gobierno. El
Imperio acadio se extenda desde el mar Mediterrneo
hasta el golfo Prsico.
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL ANE HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, Mesopotamia despus de la decadencia de las ciudades
palabras y personas estado de Sumeria? Enumera las tribus en orden.
1. a. Define Where is the Fertile Crescent, and which part of c. Evaluate Why was Hammurabis Code a significant
it is also known as Mesopotamia?/Definir Dnde est la achievement?/Evaluar Por qu el Cdigo de Hammurabi
Media Luna de las tierras frtiles y qu parte de ella tam- fue un logro significativo?
bin se conoce como Mesopotamia?
Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
b. Explain How did geographic conditions in southern Meso-
5. Categorize Draw a chart like the one below. Use your notes
potamia encourage the development of civilization there?/
to complete each row with details about the Sumerians
Explicar Cmo alentaron las condiciones geogrficas del
achievements./Crear categoras Dibuja una tabla como la
sur de Mesopotamia al desarrollo de la civilizacin all?
siguiente. Usa tus notas para completar cada fila con detalles
2. a. Describe What were some common features of Sumers de los logros sumerios.
city-states?/Describir Cules eran algunas de las carac-
tersticas comunes de las ciudades estado de Sumeria? Category/ Achievement or Innovation/
Categora Logro o innovacin
b. Infer How did geography influence religious beliefs in
Writing/Escritura
Sumer?/Inferir Cmo influy la geografa en las creencias
religiosas de Sumeria? Technology/
Tecnologa
c. Elaborate In what ways did religion shape all aspects of
government and life in Sumer?/Profundizar En qu formas Math & Science/
Matemticas y
la religin defina todos los aspectos del gobierno y la vida en ciencia
Sumeria?
The Arts/Las artes
3. a. Recall What is cuneiform, and why is it historically signifi-
cant?/Recordar Qu es cuneiforme y por qu es significa-
FOCUS ON WRITING
tivo histricamente?
b. Draw Conclusions Why was trade important in Sumer?/
ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
Sacar conclusiones Por qu el comercio era importante en
Sumeria? 6. Description Write a journal entry from the point of view of
c. Make Judgments Was Sumerian society fair? Why or why a scribe who lives in ancient Sumer. Describe your work, your
not?/Dar opiniones La sociedad sumeria era justa? Por position in society, and some of the major features of life in
qu? your city./Descripcin Escribe una entrada de diario desde
4. a. Define What is an empire, and what group of people cre- el punto de vista de un escriba que vive en la antigua Sume-
ated the worlds first empire?/Definir Qu es un imperio y ria. Describe tu trabajo, tu posicin en la sociedad y algunos
qu grupo de personas cre el primer imperio del mundo? de los aspectos principales de la vida en tu ciudad.
b. Sequence What three tribes conquered and ruled Mesopo-
tamia after the decline of Sumers city-states? List the tribes in
order./Ordenar Qu tres tribus conquistaron y gobernaron
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL ANE HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, b. Explain Why did the Phoenicians focus on trade by sea for
palabras y personas their livelihood?/Explicar Por qu los fenicios se enfocaron
1. a. Identify Who were the Indo-Europeans, and how have en el comercio por mar para ganarse la vida?
scholars traced their migrations?/Identificar Quines c. Elaborate Why is the Phoenicians alphabet considered
eran los indoeuropeos y cmo rastrearon los estudiosos sus one of their greatest legacies?/Profundizar Por qu el alfa-
migraciones? beto fenicio se considera uno de sus ms grandes legados?
b. Identify Cause and Effect What was the major cause of Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
the Hittites success as empire builders in Asia Minor?/Identi-
ficar causa y efecto Cul fue la principal causa del xito de
4. Identify Cause and Effect Copy the chart below. Use it to
list the causes and effects of the rise and fall of each empire./
los hititas como constructores de imperios en Asia Menor?
Identificar causa y efecto Copia la siguiente tabla. sala
c. Support a Position Do you agree or disagree with the para enumerar las causas y los efectos del ascenso y la cada
position that ironworking was the greatest contribution of de cada imperio.
the Hittites? Support your answer./Defender un punto de
vista Ests de acuerdo o en desacuerdo con la opinin de Empire or State/ Causes of Its Rise/Success/
Imperio o estado Causas de su ascenso/xito
que el trabajo del hierro fue la mayor contribucin de los hiti-
tas? Justifica tu respuesta.
2. a. Recall Who was Nebuchadnezzar II, and what legend-
ary Chaldean achievement is associated with him?/Recor-
dar Quin fue Nabucodonosor II y qu legendario logro
caldeo se asocia con l? FOCUS ON WRITING
b. Summarize What were some of the key achievements
of the Assyrian and Chaldean empires?/Resumir Cules ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
fueron algunos de los logros clave de los imperios asirio y
5. Persuasion Of the many cultural achievements described in
caldeo?
this section, select the one that you think was the most impor-
c. Make Judgments Was the Assyrian use of terror and bru- tant. Then write a letter to persuade a historian to agree with
tality as a means of control successful? Explain your answer./ your position./Persuasin De los muchos logros culturales
Dar opiniones El uso del terror y la brutalidad por parte de descritos en esta seccin, selecciona el que creas que fue el
los asirios fue una forma de control exitosa? Explica tu ms importante. Luego, escribe una carta para persuadir a un
respuesta. historiador de que est de acuerdo con tu punto de vista.
3. a. Describe Where and what did the Phoenicians trade?/
Describir Dnde y qu comerciaban los fenicios?
3
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL ANE HP
ZOROASTRIANISM/ZOROASTRISMO
During the reigns of Cyrus and Darius, a religion
called Zoroastrianism took hold in Persia. Based on Underline the teachings
the teachings of Zoroaster, it was one of the first of Zoroaster. What did he
religions to teach dualism, the belief that the world is think people should do?/
controlled by two opposing forces, good and evil, or Subraya las enseanzas de
Zoroastro. Qu pensaba
Ahura Mazda and Ahriman./Durante los reinados de que deban hacer las
Ciro y de Daro, una religin llamada zoroastrismo personas?
se hizo popular en Persia. Basada en las enseanzas _______________________
de Zoroastro, fue una de las primeras religiones en
_______________________
ensear el dualismo, la creencia de que el mundo es
controlado por dos fuerzas opuestas, el bien y el mal,
o Ahura Mazda y Ahriman.
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL ANE HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, cation in Greece?/Profundizar Qu te dice sobre la comuni-
palabras y personas cacin en Grecia el asombro de los historiadores griegos ante
el sistema persa de mensajeros?
1. a. Identify For what is Cyrus the Great best known?/Iden-
tificar Por qu es ms conocido Ciro el Grande? Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
b. Identify Cause and Effect Why did Darius I appoint 4. Summarize Draw a chart like the one below. In each column,
satraps to help rule his empire?/Identificar causa y list the political or religious achievements of each person
efecto Por qu Daro I design a los strapas para que lo named./Resumir Dibuja una tabla como la siguiente. En
ayudaran a gobernar su imperio? cada columna, enumera los logros polticos y religiosos de
c. Elaborate Why do you think the Persian Empire never cada una de las personas nombradas.
again regained the heights it had reached under
Cyrus/Ciro Darius/Daro Zoroaster/Zoroastro
Darius I?/Profundizar Por qu crees que el Imperio persa
nunca volvi a alcanzar el esplendor que haba alcanzado
bajo el reinado de Daro I?
2. a. Define What is dualism? How is Zoroastrianism an exam- FOCUS ON WRITING
ple of a dualistic religion?/Definir Qu es el dualismo?
Por qu el zoroastrismo es un ejemplo de religin dualista?
ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
b. Explain How did Zoroaster say people should act? Why
did he think they should act this way?/Explicar Cmo deca 5. Exposition Write a paragraph explaining the govern-
Zoroastro que deban actuar las personas? Por qu pensaba mental changes Darius I made in the Persian Empire. Be
que deban actuar de esa manera? sure to include details of what he changed about the
3. a. Describe What where two features that made Persepolis government and why he felt those changes were neces-
an impressive city?/Describir Cules eran dos caractersti- sary./Exposicin Escribe un prrafo en el que expliques los
cas que hacan de Perspolis una ciudad imponente? cambios que hizo Daro I al gobierno en el Imperio persa.
b. Analyze Why did Darius I have the Royal Road built?/ Asegrate de incluir detalles de lo que cambi del gobierno y
Analizar Por qu Daro I hizo construir el Camino Real? por qu sinti que esos cambios eran necesarios.
c. Elaborate What might the Greek historians amazement
about the Persian messenger system tell you about communi-
1
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL NIC HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, c. Evaluate Do you think Ramses II deserves to be known as
palabras y personas Ramses the Great? Why or why not?/Evaluar Crees que
1. a. Define What were the delta and the cataracts? How Ramss II merece que lo conozcan como Ramss el Grande?
did these features affect life in Egypt?/Definir Qu eran el Por qu?
delta y los rpidos? Cmo afectaban estas caractersticas la Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
vida en Egipto?
5. Make Judgments Draw a chart like the one below. For each
b. Explain Why was the Nile so important to Egypt?/Expli- period of Egyptian history listed in the first column, choose
car Por qu el Nilo era tan importante para Egipto? the event from your notes you think is most important. List
c. Elaborate Why do you think many historians consider the that achievement in the second column, and tell why you
unification of Egypt under Menes the beginning of Egyptian think it is so important in the third./Dar opiniones Dibuja
civilization?/Profundizar Por qu crees que muchos histo- una tabla como la siguiente. Para cada perodo de la historia
riadores consideran que la unificacin de Egipto bajo Menes egipcia de la primera columna, elige un suceso tomado de tus
fue el inicio de la civilizacin egipcia? notas que creas que es muy importante. Escribe ese logro en
2. a. Identify What was one purpose of Old Kingdom pyra- la segunda columna y en la tercera escribe por qu crees que
mids?/Identificar Cul era uno de los propsitos de las es tan importante.
pirmides del Reino Antiguo?
Period/Perodo Achievement/Logro Why Important/
b. Analyze How did the perception of pharaohs as gods add Por qu es importante
to their power?/Analizar Cmo aumentaba el poder de los
faraones la percepcin de que eran dioses? Early Egypt/
Antiguo Egipto
c. Elaborate How could a bureaucracy increase the speed
Old Kingdom/
and efficiency with which a government operates?/Profundi- Reino Antiguo
zar Cmo podra una burocracia aumentar la velocidad y
la eficiencia con la que funciona un gobierno? Middle Kingdom/
Reino Medio
3. a. Recall What led to the end of the Middle Kingdom?/
Recordar Cul fue la causa del fin del Reino Medio? New Kingdom/
Reino Nuevo
b. Draw conclusions Why were pharaohs able to increase
trade during the Middle Kingdom?/Sacar conclusiones Por FOCUS ON WRITING
qu los faraones pudieron aumentar el comercio durante el
Reino Medio?
ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
4. a. Identify Main Ideas For what deeds are Hatshepsut
and Akhenaten best known?/Identificar las ideas princi- 6. Description Write a description of an Egyptian burial
pales Por qu acciones son ms recordados Hatshepsut y chamber as though you were part of the expedition that
Akenatn? discovered it. Remember to use vivid details in your descrip-
b. Explain Why did some New Kingdom pharaohs want to tion./Descripcin Escribe una descripcin de una cmara
build an empire?/Explicar Por qu algunos faraones del funeraria egipcia como si formaras parte de la expedicin que
Reino Nuevo queran construir un imperio? la descubri. Recuerda usar detalles vvidos en tu descripcin.
2
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
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Lands/Tierras
Kingdoms/Reinos
Culture/Cultura
3
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, answer./Defender una opinin Crees que a largo plazo la
palabras y personas produccin masiva de hierro fue buena o mala para Kush?
Explica tu respuesta.
1. a. Describe Where was the region of Nubia? What were the
land and resources there like?/Describir Dnde estaba la Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
regin de Nubia? Cmo eran el territorio y los recursos?
4. Analyze Draw a graphic organizer like the one below. In the
b. Explain Why and how did the early Nubians come into left box, list facts about the culture of Kush during the Napata
contact with the Egyptians?/Explicar Por qu y cundo period. In the right box, describe how Kushs culture changed
entraron en contacto con los egipcios los primeros nubios? during its later history./Analizar Dibuja un organizador
c. Elaborate How did Nubias location eventually lead to the grfico como el siguiente. En el cuadro de la izquierda, enu-
growth of a wealthy civilization?/Profundizar Cmo llev mera hechos sobre la cultura de Kush durante el perodo de
finalmente la ubicacin de Nubia al crecimiento de una civili- Napata. En el cuadro de la derecha, describe cmo cambi la
zacin rica? cultura de Kush durante su historia posterior.
2. a. Recall What was Piankhis major accomplishment?/
Recordar Cul fue el principal logro de Piankhi? Napata/Napata
Later Kush/
Kush posterior
b. Make Generalizations How did Egypt influence Kush-
ite culture after the Kushites conquered Egypt?/Hacer
generalizaciones Cmo influy Egipto en la cultura kushita FOCUS ON WRITING
despus de que los kushitas conquistaran Egipto?
3. a. Identify Main Ideas What were two ways in which ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
Meros location was beneficial to Kush?/Identificar las
ideas principales Cules fueron dos formas en las que la 6. Exposition Write a short paragraph explaining how Kushs
ubicacin de Mero beneficiaba a Kush? location and physical setting were beneficial to the kingdoms
economy. Use specific examples to support your main idea./
b. Contrast How was Kushite writing during the later Kushite
Exposicin Escribe un prrafo corto en el que expliques
kingdom different from what it had been in earlier Kush?/
cmo la ubicacin y el entorno fsico de Kush beneficiaban a
Contrastar En qu se diferenciaba la escritura kushita de
la economa del reino. Usa ejemplos especficos para funda-
Kush posterior de lo que haba sido en los primeros das de
mentar tu idea principal.
Kush?
c. Support a Position In the long run, do you think the mass
production of iron was good or bad for Kush? Explain your
1
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, period?/Hacer predicciones Cmo crees que el sistema
palabras y personas de castas afect la estructura social de la India despus del
perodo vdico?
1. a. Define What are monsoons, and how do they affect life on
the Indian subcontinent?/Definir Qu son los monzones y Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
cmo afectan la vida en el subcontinente indio?
4. Analyze Review your notes from this section and identify
b. Explain Why did Indian civilization begin in the Northern the main source of our knowledge about each of Indias two
Plains?/Explicar Por qu la civilizacin india comenz en earliest civilizations. Then identify one aspect of each soci-
las llanuras del norte? ety about which we know little and explain why it remains
c. Elaborate How might the geography of India have helped a mystery./Analizar Repasa tus notas de esta seccin e
protect the Indus Valley civilization?/Profundizar Cmo identifica la fuente principal de nuestro conocimiento sobre
puede haber ayudado a proteger a la civilizacin del valle del las dos primeras civilizaciones de la India. Despus, identifica
Indo la geografa de la India? un aspecto de cada sociedad sobre la que sabemos poco y
2. a. Describe What were two characteristics of cities built in explica por qu sigue siendo un misterio.
the Indus River Valley?/Describir Cul eran dos caracte-
Source/ Unknown/ Reason Unknown/
rsticas de las ciudades construidas en el valle del ro Indo? Fuente Desconocido Por qu se
b. Identify Cause and Effect Why do many historians think desconoce
that a single central authority ruled in the Indus Valley?/ Indus Valley/
Identificar causa y efecto Por qu muchos historiadores Valle del Indo
creen que una sola autoridad central gobernaba el valle del Vedic Period/
Perodo vdico
Indo?
c. Make Judgments Do you think it is important that histori-
FOCUS ON WRITING
ans learn to read Indus writing? Why or why not?/Dar opinio-
nes Crees que es importante que los historiadores aprendan
ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
a leer la escritura del Indo? Por qu s o por qu no?
3. a. Identify What were the varnas?/Identificar Qu eran 5. Describe Write a brief description of Indias geography,
las varnas? explaining how its physical features and climate affected the
b. Explain Why did priests gain influence within Vedic soci- development of civilization on the subcontinent./Describir
ety?/Explicar Por qu los sacerdotes adquirieron influencia Escribe una descripcin breve de la geografa de la India, en
en la sociedad vdica? la que expliques cmo sus caractersticas fsicas afectaron el
c. Predict How do you think the development of the caste desarrollo de la civilizacin en el subcontinente.
system affected Indias social structure after the Vedic
Origin/ Beliefs/
Origen Creencias
Texts/ Practices/
Textos Prcticas
JAINISM/EL JAINISMO
Around 500 BC, a group of Hindus broke away from
Why did Jains break away
the religion and founded Jainism (JYN-iz-uhm). from Hinduism?/Por qu
The Jains believed that rituals were unnecessary. los jainistas se separaron
Instead, people could achieve moksha by giving up del hinduismo?
their possessions and controlling their actions. One _______________________
of Jainisms central ideas is ahimsa, or nonviolence. _______________________
Jains avoid harming any living creature, even insects.
They promise to be truthful, to avoid the emotions of
anger, greed, and prejudice, and to avoid stealing. The
most devout Jains become monks or nuns./Alrededor
de 500 a.C., un grupo de hindes se separaron de la
religin y fundaron el jainismo. Los jainistas crean
que los rituales no eran necesarios. En lugar de ello,
las personas podan alcanzar el moksha renunciando
a sus posesiones y controlando sus acciones. Una
de las ideas centrales del jainismo es el ahimsa, o
no violencia. Los jainistas evitan daar a cualquier
criatura viva, incluso los insectos. Prometen ser
honestos, evitar las emociones de enojo, codicia y
prejuicio y evitar robar. Los jainistas ms devotos se
hacen monjes o monjas.
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, jainistas que son monjes de los que no lo son? Cul es uno de
palabras y personas los aspectos en que se diferencian?
1. a. Define In Hindu teaching, what are moksha and karma? Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
How are these two ideas related to reincarnation?/
4. Compare and contrast Draw a Venn diagram like the one
Definir En las enseanzas hindes, qu son el moksha y el
below. In the left circle, list teachings that are unique to Hin-
karma? Cmo se relacionan estas ideas con la
duism. In the right circle, list three teachings that are unique
reencarnacin?
to Jainism. Where the two circles overlap, list one teaching
b. Explain What is the nature of Brahman in Hindu belief?/ that the two religions share./Comparar y contrastar Dibuja
Explicar Cul es la naturaleza del Brahma en las creencias un diagrama de Venn como el siguiente. En el crculo izquier-
hindes? do escribe enseanzas que sean nicas del hinduismo. En el
c. Elaborate Why would a Hindu consider it important to crculo derecho, escribe tres enseanzas que sean nicas del
follow his or her dharma?/Profundizar Por qu un hind jainismo. En la zona en que los crculos se superponen, escribe
considerara importante seguir su dharma? una enseanza que compartan las dos religiones.
2. a. Describe What role does yoga play in Hindu religious
practice?/Describir Qu papel tiene el yoga en la prctica
Hinduism/ Jainism/
religiosa hind? Hinduismo Jainismo
b. Analyze What spiritual lessons do the Ramayana and the
Mahabharata teach?/Analizar Qu lecciones espirituales
ensean el Ramayana y el Mahabharata?
FOCUS ON WRITING
c. Elaborate How does the name Veda signify the impor-
tance of the Vedas to Hinduism?/Profundizar De qu ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
manera el nombre Veda significa la importancia de los Vedas
para el hinduismo? 5. Exposition Write a short paragraph explaining one of
3. a. Define What is ahimsa? How do the principles of ahimsa the major teachings of Hinduism. Your explanation should
shape life for Jains?/Definir Qu es el ahimsa? De qu define the teaching and explain its role in Hindu teaching./
manera los principios del ahimsa definen la vida para los Exposicin Escribe un prrafo corto en el que expliques
jainistas? una de las principales enseanzas del hinduismo. En tu expli-
cacin debes definir la enseanza y explicar su papel en las
b. Compare and contrast What is one way in which life is
enseanzas hindes.
similar for Jains who are monks and those who are not? What
is one way in which life is different?/Comparar y contrastar
Cul es uno de los aspectos en que se parecen la vida de los
3
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, budismo creci y cambi a medida que se difunda fuera de la
palabras y personas India hacia otras partes de Asia?
1. a. Describe What was the early life of the Buddha like?/ Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
Describir Cmo fue la primera parte de la vida de Buda?
4. Analyze Draw a graphic organizer like the one below. Using
b. Explain According to Buddhist texts, what happened to your notes, explain what each of the teachings listed in the
change the Buddhas outlook on life?/Explicar De acuerdo left column is and how Buddhists believe each one will help
con las escrituras budistas, qu suceso cambi el punto de them attain nirvana./Analizar Dibuja un organizador gr-
vista de Buda sobre la vida? fico como el siguiente. Usando tus notas, explica qu es cada
c. Elaborate Why do you think many Buddhists consider una de las enseanzas enumeradas en la columna izquierda y
Bodh Gaya to be a sacerd place?/Profundizar Por qu crees cmo creen los budistas que cada una los ayudar a alcanzar
que muchos budistas consideran que Bodh Gaya es un lugar el nirvana.
sagrado?
Four Noble Truths/
2. a. Define What is the Middle Way? How do Buddhists Cuatro Nobles Verdades
believe it will help them attain nirvana?/Definir Qu es el
Camino Medio? Cmo creen los budistas que les ayudar a Eightfold Path/
alcanzar el nirvana? Sendero ctuple
4
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms and People/Repasar ideas, b. Summarize What did Confucius think was the key to a
palabras y personas happy society?/Resumir Cul crea Confucio que era la
clave para una sociedad feliz?
1. a. Identify On what rivers did Chinese civilization develop?
Why?/Identificar Junto a qu ros se desarroll la civili- Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
zacin china? Por qu?
5. Rate Draw a graphic organizer like the one below. Using your
b. Predict How might Chinese civilization have developed notes to identify the most significant achievement of each
differently if China had not been so isolated?/Hacer predic- dynasty. Then write a sentence explaining why you think that
ciones Cmo podra haberse desarrollado la civilizacin achievement was so significant./Calificar Dibuja un orga-
china de una manera diferente si China no hubiera estado tan nizador grfico como el siguiente. Usando tus notas, identifica
aislada? el logro ms significativo de cada dinasta. Despus, escribe
2. a. Describe What advances did the Shang dynasty make in una oracin en la que expliques por qu crees que ese logro
China?/Describir Qu adelantos hizo la dinasta Shang en es tan significativo.
China?
Early Dynasties of China/
b. Explain What was the purpose of oracle bones?/Expli- Primeras dinastas de China
car Para qu servan los huesos orculos? Shang Zhou
c. Develop How have Shang burial sites improved historians
understanding of early Chinese culture?/Desarrollar Cmo
han mejorado la comprensin de los historiadores de la cul-
tura china antigua los cementerios de los Shang? FOCUS ON WRITING
3. a. Define What is the dynastic cycle?/Definir Qu es el
ciclo dinstico? ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
b. Interpret According to the Mandate of Heaven, what
made it possible for a government to be overthrown?/Inter- 6. Exposition Write two paragraphs comparing and contrast-
pretar De acuerdo con el Mandato del Cielo, qu haca ing China under the Shang and Zhou dynasties. In your first
posible que un gobierno fuera derrocado? paragraph, explain how the two were similar. In your second,
tell how they were different./Exposicin Escribe dos prra-
c. Evaluate Do you think the Zhou rulers were good for fos en los que compares y contrastes la China de las dinastas
China? Why or why not/Evaluar Crees que los gobernantes Shang y Zhou. En el primer prrafo, explica en qu se parecan
Zhou fueron buenos para China? Por qu? las dos. En el segundo prrafo, indica en qu se diferenciaban.
4. a. Describe What role does balance play in Daoist teach-
ings?/Describir Qu papel desempea el equilibrio en las
enseanzas taostas?
1
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, que a los griegos les interesaban las historias sobre grandes
palabras y personas hroes?
1. a. Describe What have historians learned by studying Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
Minoan art?/Describir Qu han aprendido los historiadores
4. Analyze Draw a graphic organizer like the one shown here.
mediante el estudio del arte minoico?
Using your notes, list details about the Greek polis, its typical
b. Compare and contrast What is one way in which the features, its government, and its role in Greek society./Anali-
Minoans and Mycenaean cultures were similar? What is one zar Dibuja un organizador grfico como el de la derecha.
way in which they were different?/Comparar y contrastar Usando tus notas, escribe detalles sobre las polis griegas, sus
Cul es una manera en la que se parecan las culturas mino- caractersticas tpicas, su gobierno y su papel en la sociedad
ica y micnica? Cul es una manera en la que se griega.
diferenciaban?
c. Elaborate Why are historians not sure if the Trojan War The Polis/Las polis
really happened? What makes them think that it may have
happened?/Profundizar Por qu los historiadores no estn Common Role in
seguros de si la Guerra de Troya sucedi realmente? Qu los Features/ Society/
Caractersti- Papel en la
hace pensar que puede haber sucedido? sociedad
cas comunes
2. a. Define What roles did the acropolis and the agora play
in a typical Greek polis?/Definir Qu funciones cumplan Government/
la acrpolis y el gora en una tpica polis griega? Gobierno
b. Identify Cause and Effect What led to the creation of a
military society in Sparta?/Identificar causa y efecto Qu FOCUS ON WRITING
provoc la creacin de una sociedad militar en Esparta?
c. Evaluate Do you think the Spartan system was a good way ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
to run a government? Why or why not?/Evaluar Crees que
el sistema espartano era una buena forma de dirigir un go- 5. Narration Write a short paragraph-length legend about
bierno? Por qu? a hero, real or imaginary. As you write, think about what
kind of life lesson readers could learn from your legend./
3. a. Describe What were the gods of Greek mythology like?/ Narracin Escribe una leyenda de un prrafo sobre un hroe
Describir Cmo eran los dioses de la mitologa griega?
real o imaginario. A medida que escribes, piensa qu tipo de
b. Explain Why did the ancient Greeks create myths?/Expli- leccin de vida pueden aprender los lectores de tu leyenda.
car Por qu los antiguos griegos crearon mitos?
c. Elaborate Why do you think the Greeks were interested
in stories about great heroes?/Profundizar Por qu crees
Achievements/ Wars/
Logros Guerras
2
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, Pericles del dinero de la Liga de Delos para reconstruir Atenas
palabras y personas fue justificado? Por qu?
1. a. Identify What were the most significant elements of 4. a. Describe What was Athens strategy at the beginning of
ancient Athenian democracy?/Identificar Cules eran los the Peloponnesian War?/Describir Cul fue la estrategia
elementos ms significativos de la antigua democracia de Atenas al comienzo de la Guerra del Peloponeso?
ateniense? b. Explain Why did the memebrs of the Peloponnesian
b. Sequence How did Athenian government change in the League resent Athens?/Explicar Por qu los miembros de
years leading up to the development of democracy?/Orde- la Liga del Peloponeso estaban molestos con Atenas?
nar Cmo cambi el gobierno ateniense en los aos que c. Elaborate How did Greece change after the Pelopon-
precedieron al desarrollo de la democracia? nesian War?/Profundizar Cmo cambi Grecia despus de
c. Evaluate Do you think a direct democracy would work la Guerra del Peloponeso?
today? Why or why not?/Evaluar Crees que una democra-
Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
cia directa funcionara hoy en da? Por qu?
5. Identify Cause and Effect Draw a graphic organizer like
2. a. Identify Who ordered the first Persian invasion of Greece?
the one below. Using your notes, identify the causes and the
Why did he want to invade?/Identificar Quin orden la
effects of the Persian Wars./Identificar causa y efecto
primera invasin persa de Grecia? Por qu quera invadir?
Dibuja un organizador grfico como el siguiente. Usando tus
b. Identify Cause and Effect What was the ultimate result notas, identifica las causas y los efectos de las Guerras
of the Battle of Marathon?/Identificar causa y efecto Cul Mdicas.
fue el resultado final de la batalla de Maratn?
Causes/Causas Effects/Efectos
c. Predict How might the Persian Wars have ended differ- The
ently if the Spartans had not held out at Thermopylae?/ Persian Wars/
Hacer predicciones De qu otra forma habran terminado Las Guerras
Mdicas
las Guerras Mdicas si los espartanos no hubieran resistido en
las Termpilas?
3. a. Identify Who was Pericles, and what did he do for the city FOCUS ON WRITING
of Athens?/Identificar Quin era Pericles y qu hizo por la
ciudad de Atenas? ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
b. Infer Why is the period after the Persian Wars considered a 6. Description Write an obituary such as you might find in a
golden age of Athenian history?/Inferir Por qu el perodo newspaper remembering the life of Pericles. The obituary
posterior a las Guerras Mdicas es considerado una edad de should give a few facts about his life and detail his major
oro de la historia ateniense? accomplishments./Descripcin Escribe un obituario como el
c. Support a Position Do you think Pericles was justified in que encontraras en un peridico en el que recuerdes la vida
using the Delian Leagues money to rebuild Athens? Why or de Pericles. En el obituario, debes dar algunos datos sobre su
why not?/Defender una opinin Crees que el uso que hizo vida y detallar sus principales logros.
3
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Hellenistic
Alexander/Alejandro World/Mundo
helenstico
HELLENISTIC ACHIEVEMENTS/LOGROS
HELENSTICOS
The blending of cultures in the Hellenistic world led
to an exchange of ideas, which then led to advances
in philosophy, literature, and science./La mezcla
de culturas en el mundo helenstico provoc un
intercambio de ideas, que ms adelante generaron
adelantos en filosofa, literatura y ciencia.
Interest in philosophy spread, and new schools of
philosophy developed. One was the Cynics. They What was the focus of each
rejected pleasure, wealth, and social responsibility, of the three new schools
believing people should live according to nature. of philosophy?/En qu se
The Epicureans, on the other hand, thought people concentraba cada una de
las tres nuevas escuelas
should seek out pleasure and try to avoid pain. Stoics filosficas?
emphasized reason, self-discipline, emotional control
_______________________
and personal morality./Se difundi el inters por la
filosofa y se desarrollaron nuevas escuelas filosficas. _______________________
Una de ellas fueron los cnicos. Rechazaban el placer, _______________________
la riqueza y la responsabilidad social porque crean
que las personas deban vivir de acuerdo con la
naturaleza. Los epicreos, por otra parte, pensaban
que las personas deban buscar el placer e intentar
evitar el dolor. Los estoicos enfatizaban la razn, la
autodisciplina, el control emocional y la moralidad
personal.
Artists in this period learned to convey emotion
and movement in their works. Women became much
more common subjects of art. This was also true in
literature, where love stories became popular for
the first time. There` were also important advances
in science, especially in Egypt. Euclid formulated
many ideas about geometry, while Eratosthenes
calculated the circumference of the globe. Others
studied the movement of the stars and the workings
of the human body. Archimedes, one of the greatest
inventors of the ancient world, used math and physics
to design machines such as pulleys to lift heavy
loads and a mechanical screw for drawing water out
of a well./Los artistas de este perodo aprendieron a
trasmitir la emocin y el movimiento en sus obras.
La mujer se convirti en un tema mucho ms comn
en el arte. Esto tambin sucedi en la literatura,
donde las historias de amor se hicieron populares por
4
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL GRE HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, c. Rank Which Hellenistic thinker do you think made the
palabras y personas most impressive achievement? Support your answer./Orde-
1. a. Describe What lands did Alexander the Great con- nar Qu pensador helenstico crees que tuvo el logro ms
quer?/Describir Qu tierras conquist Alejandro Magno? impresionante? Defiende tu respuesta.
b. Identify Cause and Effect Why did Alexander destroy Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
Thebes?/Identificar causa y efecto Por qu Alejandro 4. Summarize Draw a graphic organizer like the one shown
destruy Tebas? here. Using your notes, write one sentence in each box of the
organizer to summarize Alexanders life, career and legacy./
c. Elaborate Why do you think Alexander agreed to head
Resumir Dibuja un organizador grfico como el siguiente.
home rather than forcing his army to continue into India?/
Usa tus notas para escribir una oracin en cada cuadro del
Profundizar Por qu crees que Alejandro acept volver
organizador que resuma la vida, la carrera y el legado de
a casa en lugar de forzar a su ejrcito a continuar hasta la
Alejandro.
India?
2. a. Define What does the word Hellenistic mean? Why Life/Vida Career/Carrera Legacy/Legado
is the society that Alexander formed called Hellenistic?/
Definir Qu significa la palabra helenstico? Por qu la
sociedad que form Alejandro se llam helenstica? FOCUS ON WRITING
b. Explain How did Alexander encourage the blending of
cultures in his empire?/Explicar Cmo foment Alejandro ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
la mezcla de culturas en su imperio? 5. Narration Write a short paragraph describing one incident
c. Extend What made Alexandria such an impressive city?/ in the life of Alexander the Great. Use chronological order to
Ampliar Qu haca de Alejandra una ciudad tan organize the actions within the incident./Narracin Escribe
impresionante? una prrafo corto en el que describas un incidente en la vida
3. a. Identify What new schools of philosophy developed in de Alejandro Magno. Usa un orden cronolgico para organi-
the Hellenistic world? What did each school teach?/Identi- zar las acciones dentro del incidente.
ficar Qu nuevas escuelas filosficas se desarrollaron en el
mundo helenstico? Qu enseaba cada escuela?
b. Contrast How was Hellenistic art different form earlier
Greek art?/Contrastar En qu se diferenciaba el arte
helenstico del arte griego anterior?
Origin/Origen
Government/Gobierno
Expansion/Expansin
The plebeians eventually gained more rights. How did plebeians protect
They were given the right to elect officials known their rights?/De qu
as tribunes to protect them from unjust treatment manera los plebeyos
by patrician officials. Tribunes eventually gained the protegan sus derechos?
right to veto, or ban, unjust laws. Around 450 BC, the _______________________
plebeians forced the patricians to write down all laws. _______________________
The laws were displayed on 12 large bronze tablets in
the Roman Forum, or central square./Los plebeyos
finalmente obtuvieron ms derechos. Obtuvieron
el derecho a elegir a los funcionarios conocidos
como tribunos para protegerlos del trato injusto de
los funcionarios patricios. Finalmente, los tribunos
obtuvieron el derecho de vetar, o anular, leyes
injustas. Alrededor de 450 a.C., los plebeyos forzaron
a los patricios a escribir todas las leyes. Las leyes se
exhiban en 12 grandes placas de bronce en el foro
romano, o plaza central.
The patricians and plebeians together created a
constitution, or political structure. The government Circle the three parts of the
had three parts. The Senate, a body of legislators new Roman government./
who acted as advisors, controlled public finances Encierra en un crculo
las tres partes del nuevo
and foreign relations. Various assemblies allowed all
gobierno romano.
citizens to vote on laws and elect officials. Officials
known as magistrates put the laws into practice./
Juntos, los patricios y los plebeyos crearon una
constitucin, o estructura poltica. El gobierno tena
tres partes. El Senado, un cuerpo de legisladores que
actuaban como consejeros, controlaban las finanzas
pblicas y las relaciones exteriores. Varias asambleas
permitan que todos los ciudadanos votaran sobre
las leyes y eligieran funcionarios. Los funcionarios
conocidos como magistrados ponan las leyes en
prctica.
Two magistrates, called consuls, became the chief
executives of the state and commanded the military.
Lesser magistrates handled other administrative
duties. All Roman city leaders worked in the Forum,
the public square, home to important buildings and
temples. The Forum was an important meeting place
for the public to shop, gossip, and hear speeches./
Dos magistrados, llamados cnsules, se convirtieron
en jefes de estado y comandaban a los militares.
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL ROM HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, manera la conquista de Grecia por Roma provoc grandes
palabras y personas cambios en la sociedad romana?
1. a. Identify Who were the Etruscans? What did the Romans Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
learn from them?/Identificar Quines eran los etruscos?
4. Analyze Using your notes and a word web like the one
Qu aprendieron los romanos de ellos?
shown here, analyze the structure of the Roman government.
b. Infer How did Romes location encourage both expansion Make the lower circles large enough to hold details about
and trade?/Inferir Por qu la ubicacin de Roma alentaba the parts./Analizar Usando tus notas y una red de palabras
la expansin y el comercio? como la siguiente, analiza la estructura del gobierno romano.
c. Elaborate Why might the Romans have wanted to create Dibuja los crculos inferiores lo bastante grandes para que
stories about their citys humble origins?/Profundizar Por contengan detalles sobre las partes.
qu querran los romanos crear historias sobre los humildes
orgenes de su ciudad? Roman Government/
Gobierno romano
2. a. Describe What were the parts of Romes republican gov-
ernment?/Describir Cules eran las partes del gobierno
Magistrates/ Assemblies/
republicano de Roma? Magistrados Asambleas
Senate/
b. Explain Why did the plebeians want Romes laws written Senado
down?/Explicar Por qu los plebeyos queran que las leyes
de Roma estuvieran escritas?
FOCUS ON WRITING
c. Develop What are some places in our society that serve
the same functions that the Forum did in Rome?/Desarro- ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
llar Cules son algunos de los lugares de nuestra sociedad
que cumplen las mismas funciones que cumpla el foro en 5. Description Write a short description of the Forum that
Roma? might have appeared in a guidebook to ancient Rome. Use
3. a. Recall How did Romes army help it expand?/Recordar vivid details to try to bring the Forum to life for your read-
Cmo ayud el ejrcito de Roma a la expansin? ers./Descripcin Escribe una descripcin corta del foro que
podra haber aparecido en una gua de la antigua Roma. Usa
b. Draw Conclusions Why do you think the Romans treated
detalles vvidos para tratar de que el foro cobre vida para tus
the Carthaginians so harshly at the end of the Punic Wars?/
lectores.
Sacar conclusiones Por qu crees que los romanos trataron
tan mal a los cartagineses al final de las Guerras Pnicas?
c. Elaborate How did the conquest of Greece by Rome lead
to major changes in Roman society?/Profundizar De qu
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Keyword: SHL ROM HP
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL ROM HP
Events/Sucesos Ideas/Ideas
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL ROM HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, b. Explain Why did the pope, as bishop of Rome, claim to
palabras y personas have authority over all other bishops?/Explicar Por qu el
1. a. Define What was the Messiah for whom some Jews were papa, como obispo de Roma, afirmaba tener autoridad sobre
waiting?/Definir Qu era el Mesas que estaban esperando todos los otros obispos?
algunos judos? Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
b. Sequence What happened to the Jews of Judea after the 5. Sequence Draw a time line like the one below. Use your
destruction of the Second Temple in AD 70?/Ordenar Qu notes to identify the sequence of key events in the spread of
les sucedi a los judos de Judea despus de la destruccin del Christianity through the Roman Empire./Ordenar Dibuja
Segundo Templo en 70 d.C.? una lnea cronolgica como la siguiente. Usa tus notas para
2. a. Recall What do Christians believe happened to Jesus of identificar el orden de los sucesos clave en la difusin del cris-
Nazareth after he died?/Recordar Qu creen los cristianos tianismo por todo el Imperio romano.
que le sucedi a Jess de Nazaret despus de morir?
b. Summarize How did Jesus say people should live?/Resu-
mir Cmo deca Jess que deban vivir las personas?
FOCUS ON WRITING
3. a. Identify Who were the martyrs, and why were they hon-
ored?/Identificar Quines eran los mrtires y por qu eran ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
honrados?
b. Explain How did Constantine help Christianity gain a firm 6. Description Write a short description of the organization of
foothold in the Roman Empire?/Explicar Cmo ayud the early Christian church. Be sure to include key officials in
Constantino a que el cristianismo se afianzara firmemente en the church, their main responsibilities, and a statement about
el Imperio romano? how their roles changed over time./Descripcin Escribe una
descripcin corta de la organizacin de la Iglesia cristiana
c. Elaborate Why was Paul a key figure in the early history
en sus comienzos. Asegrate de mencionar a los funciona-
and development of Christianity?/Profundizar Por qu
rios clave de la iglesia y sus principales responsabilidades, y
Pablo fue una figura clave del comienzo de la historia y el
comentar cmo cambiaron sus papeles a lo largo del tiempo.
desarrollo del cristianismo?
4. a. Describe What types of officials developed in the early
Christian church?/Describir Qu tipos de funcionarios apa-
recieron en la Iglesia cristiana en sus comienzos?
Problems/Problemas
ATTEMPTS AT REFORM/INTENTOS DE
REFORMA
The crises of the 200s called for drastic reform.
Luckily, two capable emperors rose to power who
Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL ROM HP
Ways of
Adapting/
Formas de
adaptacin
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL AMS HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, los indios de las Planicies si no hubieran comenzado a usar
palabras y personas caballos?
1. a. Identify What culture developed pueblo architecture?/ Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
Identificar Qu cultura desarroll la arquitectura de
4. Evaluate Using your notes on the section and a chart like
pueblos?
the one below, list similarities and differences that developed
b. Explain How were the Hohokam able to grow crops in the in different cultures of North America. Note differences in
desert?/Explicar Cmo pudieron cultivar los hohokam en el climate and environment that may have affected cultures./
desierto? Evaluar Usando tus notas sobre la seccin y una tabla como
2. a. Recall In what region did the mound builders live?/Recor- la siguiente, enumera las semejanzas y las diferencias que sur-
dar En qu regin vivan los constructores de montculos? gieron en las diferentes culturas de Amrica del Norte. Escribe
b. Interpret What about the items found in burial mounds las diferencias en el clima y el ambiente que puedan haber
do you think led researchers to believe that the Hopewell had afectado a las culturas.
an extensive trade network?/Interpretar Qu aspecto de Similarities/Semejanzas Differences/Diferencias
los artculos encontrados en los montculos de enterramiento
crees que llev a los investigadores a creer que los hopewell
tenan una red de comercio extensa?
c. Elaborate How do you think the layout and mounds of
Cahokia suggest that there were clear social divisions in
Mississippian society?/Profundizar Cmo crees que la FOCUS ON WRITING
disposicin y los montculos de Cahokia sugieren que haba
divisiones sociales claras en la sociedad mississippian? ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
3. a. Describe How did the Inuit adapt to their environment?/ 5. Description Choose one early North American culture and
Describir Cmo se adaptaron los inuit a su medio
imagine you are visiting the people of that culture for the fisrt
ambiente?
time. Write a short paragraph describing unique characteris-
b. Contrast What differed about the way the Iroquois and tics of that culture./Descripcin Elige una cultura antigua
the Plains Indians dealt with the different nations within their de Amrica del Norte e imagina que ests visitando al pueblo
regions?/Contrastar En qu se diferenciaba la forma en de esa cultura por primera vez. Escribe un prrafo corto
que se relacionaban con las diferentes naciones dentro de sus describiendo las caractersticas nicas de esa cultura.
regiones los iroqueses y los indios de las Planicies?
c. Predict How might the lives of the Plains Indians have
been different if they had not started using horses?/Hacer
predicciones En qu habran sido diferentes las vidas de
Maya/Mayas Aztec/Aztecas
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Keyword: SHL AMS HP
Qin/Qin Han/Han
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Keyword: SHL EIC HP
Society/Sociedad Trade/Comercio
Achievements/Logros
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Keyword: SHL EIC HP
Mauryan/Maurya
Gupta/Gupta
REGIONAL KINGDOMS/REINOS
REGIONALES
Once again, India split into smaller kingdoms.
Invaders from central Asia poured into northern Who controlled India
after the Mauryan Empire
India and set up new dynasties. Greeks invaders also ended?/Quines
appeared. People called Kushans conquered much of controlaron la India
northern India around 100 BC, holding onto control despus del fin del Imperio
until about AD 250./Una vez ms, la India se dividi maurya?
en reinos ms pequeos. Los invasores de Asia central _______________________
ingresaron en grandes cantidades al norte de la India _______________________
e instalaron nuevas dinastas. Tambin aparecieron
los invasores griegos. Un pueblo llamado los kushan
conquist buena parte del norte de la India alrededor
de 100 a.C. y mantuvo el control hasta 250 d.C.
South of Indias Deccan Plateau other kingdoms
developed. The Andhra kingdom expanded across
south and central India, and controlled central
India from the 100s BC to about AD 300. In the far
south, small kingdoms made up what was called
the Tamil kingdoms. They carried on an active
sea trade with Southeast Asia and other regions.
The result was a wealthy, sophisticated culture
known for its poets./Al sur de la meseta de Deccan
de la India, se desarrollaron otros reinos. El reino
Andhra se expandi al sur y el centro de la India y
control el centro de la India desde el siglo II a.C.
hasta aproximadamente 300 d.C. En el extremo sur,
pequeos reinos formaban lo que se llam los reinos
tamiles. Comerciaban activamente a travs del mar
con el sureste asitico y otras regiones. El resultado
fue una cultura rica y sofisticada conocida por sus
poetas.
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Keyword: SHL EIC HP
Gupta India/
India de los Gupta
Society/Sociedad Culture/Cultura
Trade/Comercio
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Keyword: SHL EIC HP
Origins of Islam/
Orgenes del Islam
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL ISW HP
Reviewing Key Terms and People/Repasar palabras y tes principales de sabidura y orientacin religiosa para los
personas clave musulmanes?
1. a. Describe What were some of the major features of the c. Compare What do Islam, Judaism, and Christianity have
Arabian Peninsula 1,500 years ago?/Describir Cules in common?/Comparar Qu tienen en comn el Islam, el
eran algunas de las principales caractersticas de la pennsula judasmo y el cristianismo?
Arbiga hace 1,500 aos?
Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
b. Explain In what two ways was Mecca an important settle-
4. Sequence Use your notes and a graphic organizer like the
ment?/Explicar Cules eran las dos maneras en que La
one below to list events, in order, that led to the origins of
Meca era un asentamiento importante?
Islam./Ordenar Usa tus notas y un organizador grfico como
c. Evaluate What influence may his early years as trader el siguiente para anotar los sucesos, en orden, que condujeron
have had on Muhammad and his ideas?/Evaluar Qu a los orgenes del Islam.
influencia pueden haber tenido en Mahoma y sus ideas sus
primeros aos de comerciante?
Origins of Islam/
2. a. Recall How was Muhammads preaching received in Orgenes del
Mecca?/Recordar Cmo fue recibida la prdica de Mahoma Islam
en La Meca?
b. Infer Based on its connection to the Muslim calendar what FOCUS ON WRITING
can you infer about the importance of the hegira to Mus-
lims?/Inferir Basndote en su conexin con el calendario ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
musulmn, qu puedes inferir de la importancia que los
musulmanes dan a la hgira?
5. Narration Imagine that you are a bedouin who visited
Mecca during Muhammads conflict with some of the citys
c. Predict What does Muhammads experience suggest citizens. You have returned to your familys camp in the desert.
about how Islam was to spread?/Predecir Qu sugiere la Write a paragraph or two telling what you saw and heard in
experiencia de Mahoma sobre la manera en que el Islam Mecca./Narracin Imagina que eres un beduino que visit
deba difundirse? La Meca durante el conflicto de Mahoma con algunos de sus
3. a. Recall What are the Five Pillars of Islam? What are ciudadanos. Has vuelto al campamento de tu familia en el
some other requirements of devout Muslims?/Recordar desierto. Escribe uno o dos prrafos en los que cuentes lo que
Qu son los cinco pilares del Islam? Cules son algunos viste y oste en La Meca.
otros requisitos de los musulmanes devotos?
b. Identify What are the key sources of religious wisdom and
guidance for Muslims?/Identificar Cules son las fuen-
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL ISW HP
Reviewing Key Terms and People/Repasar personas y Evaluar Evala la afirmacin Aunque el califato termin, su
palabras clave influencia ha perdurado por cientos de aos.
1. a. Identify Who was Abu Bakr?/Identificar Quin fue Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
Abu Bakr?
5. Summarize Use your notes and a graphic organizer like the
b. Compare and Contrast What are the basic differences one below to write two important texts about key eras in the
between the Sunni and the Shia?/Comparar y contrastar spread of Islam. The first one is started for you./Resumir Usa
Cules son las diferencias bsicas entre los sunes y los tus notas y un organizador grfico como el siguiente para
chitas? escribir dos textos importantes sobre eras clave en la expan-
c. Predict How might the death of Husayn affect later politi- sin del Islam. El primero est hecho como ejemplo.
cal conflicts between Sunni and Shia?/Predecir De qu
manera pudo afectar la muerte de Husayn los conflictos pos- After Umayyad Abbasid End of Unity/
Muhammad/ Dynasty/ Dynasty/ Fin de la unin
teriores entre sunes y chitas? Despus de Dinasta Dinasta Abas
2. a. Recall What was the name of the first dynasty to gain con- Mahoma Omeya
trol of the caliphate?/Recordar Cul era el nombre de la There was no
clear successor
primera dinasta que obtuvo el control del califato? after Muham-
b. Summarize What situation helped lead to the end of mad died./No
haba un
Umayyad rule?/Resumir Qu situacin contribuy al fin claro sucesor
del gobierno de los omeya? cuando muri
Mahoma.
3. a. Describe What features marked the Abbasid style of
rule?/Describir Qu caractersticas marcaron el estilo de
gobierno abas? FOCUS ON WRITING
b. Evaluate For what do you think the Abbasids should
be remembered?/Evaluar Por qu crees que los abases ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
deberan ser recordados?
6. Description Write a paragraph in which you describe
4. a. Recall Who were the Fatimids, Seljuk Turks, and Mam- the succession issues facing the Muslim community after
luks?/Recordar Quines eran los fatimidas, los turcos seljuk Muhammads death./Descripcin Escribe un prrafo en el
y los mamelucos? que describas las cuestiones de sucesin que debi enfrentar
b. Evaluate Evaluate the statement Even though the caliph- la comunidad musulmana despus de la muerte de Mahoma.
ate ended, its influence has lasted for hundreds of years./
Society/ Arts/
Sociedad Artes
Scholarship/
Estudio
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL ISW HP
Reviewing Key Terms and People/Repasar personas y luar Omar Kayam es un poeta popular en Occidente as
palabras clave como en el mundo islmico. Por qu piensas que es as?
1. a. Describe How did the role of women change during the Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
Abbasid caliphate?/Describir De qu manera cambi el
4. Identify Supporting Details Use your notes and the graphic
papel de la mujer durante el califato abas?
organizer to record details on Islamic society and culture./
b. Evaluate Evaluate this statement: The Quran and other Identificar detalles Usa tus notas y el organizador grfico
Muslim scriptures deal strictly with religious topics. Explain para anotar detalles sobre la sociedad y la cultura islmicas.
your response./Evaluar Evala esta afirmacin: El Corn y
otras escrituras musulmanas tratan estrictamente temas reli- Society and
giosos. Explica tu respuesta. Culture/Socie-
dad y cultura
2. a. Recall What were some contributions of Muslim scholars
in astronomy?/Recordar Cules fueron algunas contribu-
ciones de los estudiosos musulmanes en astronoma?
b. Explain What was the connection between Muslim schol-
ars and the scholars of ancient Greece?/Explicar Cul era la
conexin entre los estudiosos musulmanes y los de la antigua FOCUS ON WRITING
Grecia?
3. a. Recall What are minarets?/Recordar Qu son los ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
minaretes?
b. Identify Cause and Effect Why was calligraphy a major 5. Exposition Write and deliver a brief speech in which you
means of artistic expression in the Muslim world?/Identificar summarize the major achievements of Muslim scientists and
causa y efecto Por qu la caligrafa era un medio funda- scholars./Exposicin Escribe y pronuncia un breve discurso
mental de expresin artstica en el mundo musulmn? en el cual resumas los principales logros de los cientficos y
estudiosos musulmanes.
c. Evaluate Omar Khayyam is a popular poet in the West as
well as in the Islamic world. Why do you think this is so?/Eva-
Early Africa/
frica en sus
comienzos
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Keyword: SHL AFK HP
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Ghana/ Mali/
Ghana Mal
Songhai/ Other/
Songay Otros
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Keyword: SHL AFK HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, b. Compare What was one similarity between the Yoruba
palabras y personas kingdoms and the kingdom of Benin?/Comparar En qu se
1. a. Recall What were the two major trade goods that made parecan los reinos de Yoruba y el reino de Benn?
Ghana rich? From where did these two trade goods come?/
Recordar Cules eran los dos principales artculos comercia-
Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
les que enriquecieron a Ghana? De dnde venan estos dos 5. Compare and Contrast Using your notes and a graphic
artculos comerciales? organizer like the one below, compare and contrast the West
African empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai./Comparar y
b. Explain Why did Ghanas rulers not want everyone to
contrastar Usando tus notas y un organizador grfico como
own gold?/Explicar Por qu los gobernantes de Ghana no
el siguiente, compara y contrasta los imperios de frica Occi-
queran que todos tuvieran oro?
dental de Ghana, Mal y Songay.
2. a. Identify Who was Sundiata?/Identificar Quin era
Sundiata?
b. Identify Cause and Effect How did Mansa Musas
pilgrimage to Mecca affect the empire of Mali?/Identificar
causa y efecto Cmo afect al imperio de Mal el peregri-
naje de Mansa Musa a La Meca?
c. Elaborate How did Muslim influences help turn Mali into a
center of learning?/Profundizar De qu manera las influen-
FOCUS ON WRITING
cias musulmanas contribuyeron a convertir Mal en un centro
del saber?
ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
3. a. Recall What did Sunni Ali accomplish as ruler?/Recordar
Qu logr Sonni Al como gobernante? 6. Persuasion Choose the West African ruler covered in this
b. Analyze How did Askia Mohammads pilgrimage to section who you think accomplished the most or was the
Mecca contribute to the power of the Songhai Empire?/Ana- greatest ruler. Write one paragraph in which you identify your
lizar De qu manera contribuy el peregrinaje de Askia choice and provide reasons to persuade others to agree with
Mohamed a La Meca al poder del Imperio songay? it./Persuasin Elige un gobernante de frica Occidental de
esta seccin que creas que haya obtenido los mximos logros
c. Evaluate What do you think was Askia Muhammads o haya sido el mejor gobernante. Escribe un prrafo en el que
greatest acomplishment as a ruler?/Evaluar Cul crees que identifiques tu eleccin y expliques tus razones para persuadir
fue el mayor logro de Askia Mohamed como gobernante? a otras personas de que coincidan contigo.
4. a. Recall What were three smaller societies located in early
West Africa?/Recordar Qu tres sociedades ms pequeas
estaban ubicadas en frica Occidental al comienzo?
CULTURAL ACHIEVEMENTS/LOGROS
CULTURALES
The Tang period produced some of Chinas greatest
cultural achievements. Two of the most famous Tang
poets are Du Fu and Li Bo. Du Fu wrote about war
Underline the topics of two
and Confucianism. Li Bo wrote about friendship, the famous Tang poets. Circle
joys of life, nature, and solitude. Artist Wu Daozi the topics of the artist Wu
painted lifelike murals that celebrated Buddhism Daozi. How are these topics
related?/Subraya los temas
and nature. Artisans created exquisite pottery and de dos famosos poetas
beautiful porcelain, a type of ceramic often known tang. Encierra en un crculo
as china. In architecture, Indian Buddhist temples los temas del artista Wu
influenced design of the Chinese pagoda, or multi- Daozi. Cmo se relacionan
estos temas?
story temple./El perodo Tang produjo algunos de
los logros culturales ms grandes de China. Dos de _______________________
los ms famosos poetas Tang fueron Du Fu y Li Bo. _______________________
Du Fu escribi sobre la guerra y el confucianismo. _______________________
Li Bo escribi sobre la amistad, las alegras de la
vida, la naturaleza y la soledad. El artista Wu Daozi
pint murales realistas que celebraban el budismo y
la naturaleza. Los artesanos crearon exquisitas piezas
de alfarera y hermosos objetos de porcelana, un
tipo de cermica que en ingls se llama china. En la
arquitectura, los templos budistas indios influenciaron
el diseo de la pagoda china, o templo de muchos
pisos.
One major Chinese invention was gunpowder,
which was used in fireworks, explosives, firearms,
and cannons. Other innovations included the magnetic
compass, paper money, mechanical clocks, and
woodblock printing, or text carved into wooden
blocks and covered with ink. Pages are then created
when they are pressed against paper. A faster form
of printing was moveable type, etched metal blocks
that could be rearranged and reused./Un importante
invento chino fue la plvora, que se usaba en fuegos
artificiales, explosivos, armas de fuego y caones.
Otras innovaciones fueron la brjula magntica, el
papel moneda, los relojes mecnicos y la xilografa, o
textos tallados en bloques de madera y recubiertos con
tinta. Las pginas se crean presionando estos bloques
sobre papel. Una forma ms rpida de impresin era
la que se lograba con tipos mviles, bloques de metal
grabados que podan reordenarse y volverse a usar.
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL CEA HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, 4. a. Recall What advances in farming occurred during this
palabras y personas period?/Recordar Qu adelantos agrcolas tuvieron lugar
1. a. Identify Who was Wu Zhao, and why is she significant in durante este perodo?
Chinese history?/Identificar Quin fue Wu Zhao y por qu b. Summarize How did Chinese society change during this
es un personaje significativo de la historia de China? period?/Resumir Cmo cambi la sociedad china durante
b. Sequence What events led to the decline of the Tang este perodo?
dynasty?/Ordenar Qu sucesos contribuyeron a la deca- Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
dencia de la dinasta Tang?
5. Categorizing Using your notes and a graphic organizer like
c. Elaborate Why was the early part of the Tang period the one below, categorize key facts about the Tang and Song
known as the Age of Buddhism, and how did Buddhism affect dynasties./Crear categoras Usando tus notas y un orga-
China during this time?/Profundizar Por qu se conoci la nizador grfico como el siguiente, crea categoras de datos
primera parte del perodo Tang como la Edad del budismo y clave sobre las dinastas Tang y Song.
cmo afect esta religin a China durante esa poca?
Tang Dynasty/ Song Dynasty/
2. a. Define Why were scholar-officials highly respected in Dinasta Tang Dinasta Song
Song China?/Definir Por qu los funcionarios eruditos Agriculture/
eran muy respetados en la China de los Song? Agricultura
Cities/
b. Make Generalizations What generalizations can you Ciudades
make about the rise and fall of Chinese dynasties based on Trade/
Comercio
the history of the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties?/ Art/
Generalizar Qu generalizaciones puedes hacer sobre el Arte
ascenso y la cada de las dinastas chinas basndote en la his- Inventions/
Inventos
toria de las dinastas Sui, Tang y Song?
3. a. Identify Who were some well known Tang poets and FOCUS ON WRITING
painters?/Identificar Quines fueron algunos poetas y pin-
tores Tang famosos? ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
b. Analyze How did economic needs lead to innovations in
China?/Analizar De qu manera las necesidades econmi- 6. Exposition You are a historian during the Tang dynasty.
cas condujeron a innovaciones en China? Write a paragraph explaining what Tang rulers have accom-
plished. Consider political, economic, and cultural accomplish-
c. Support a Position What do you think was the greatest ments./Exposicin Eres un historiador durante la dinasta
Tang or Song innovation or achievement? Provide reasons to Tang. Escribe un prrafo en el que expliques lo que han
support your position./Defender una posicin Cul pien- logrado los gobernantes Tang. Considera los logros polticos,
sas que fue la ms grande innovacin o logro Tang o Song? econmicos y culturales.
Da razones para defender tu posicin.
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL CEA HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, c. Evaluate Do you think the Mongols made a mistake in
palabras y personas invading Japan? Why or why not?/Evaluar Piensas que los
1. a. Define What was the Pax Mongolica, and how did mongoles se equivocaron al invadir a Japn? Por qu?
it affect trade and the exchange of ideas across Asia?/ Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
Definir Qu era la Pax monglica y cmo afect al comer-
cio y al intercambio de ideas a travs de Asia?
4. Compare and Contrast Using your notes and a graphic orga-
nizer like the one shown, compare and contrast the accom-
b. Explain What methods did Gengis Khan use to build plishments of Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan./Comparar y
his empire? Where were each of the empires four khanates contrastar Usando tus notas y un organizador grfico como
located?/Explicar Qu mtodos us Gengis Khan para el siguiente, compara y contrasta los logros de Gengis Khan y
construir su imperio? Dnde estaban ubicados los cuatro Kublai Khan.
khanatos del imperio?
c. Elaborate How did the Mongol invasions and the creation
of the Mongol Empire affect people across Eurasia?/Pro-
fundizar Cmo afectaron a los pueblos de toda Eurasia las
invasiones mongolas y la creacin del Imperio mongol?
2. a. Identify Who were Kublai Khan and Marco Polo and FOCUS ON WRITING
what was their relationship with each other?/Identificar
Quines eran Kublai Khan y Marco Polo y cul era la rela-
ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
cin entre ambos?
b. Analyze Why was the period of the Yuan dynasty a signifi- 5. Description You are a member of a town that has just
cant time of Chinese history?/Analizar Por qu el perodo surrendered to a Mongol army. Write a short journal entry
de la dinasta Yuan fue una poca significativa de la describing how the townspeople learned of the coming Mon-
historia china? gol forces, why they chose to surrender and your thoughts
c. Make Judgments Do you think that Kublai Khan ruled and feelings about the events./Descripcin Eres miembro
China well under the Yuan dynasty? Why or why not?/Dar de un pueblo que se acaba de rendir a un ejrcito mongol.
opiniones Piensas que Kublai Khan gobern bien a China Escribe una breve entrada de diario en la que describas cmo
en la dinasta Yuan? Por qu? se enteraron las personas del pueblo de que se acercaban las
fuerzas mongolas, por qu optaron por rendirse y tus pensa-
3. a. Recall When did the Yuan dynasty end?/Recordar mientos y sentimientos sobre los sucesos.
Cundo termin la dinasta Yuan?
b. Analyze How effective was Yuan rule after the death of
Kublai Khan?/Analizar Qu eficacia tuvo el gobierno yuan
luego de la muerte de Kublai Khan?
Japan/Japn Korea/Corea
KOREA/COREA
Koreas location has made it able to share its culture
Name two ways Koreas
with Japan and Chinas but it has also made Korea geography has affected the
vulnerable to invasion. Korea is a mountainous lives of its people./Nombra
peninsula with limited land available for farming. dos maneras en que la
geografa de Corea ha
The first Koreans came from northeast Asia. afectado las vidas de sus
Chinese influences in Korea included Confucianism, habitantes.
agricultural methods, writing, political institutions,
_______________________
and, later, Buddhism./La ubicacin de Corea le ha
permitido compartir su cultura con Japn y China, _______________________
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Southeast Asia/
Sureste asitico
1 3
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, the early kingdoms and empires of Southeast Asia. Consider
palabras y personas the effects of the locations of kingdoms and empires in rela-
tion to their more powerful neighbors./Identificar causa
1. a. Recall How did monsoons shape trade in Southeast
y efecto Usando tus notas y un organizador grfico como
Asia?/Recordar Cmo influyeron los monzones en el co-
el siguiente, explica cmo afect la geografa a los antiguos
mercio del sureste asitico?
reinos e imperios del sureste asitico. Considera los efectos de
b. Identify Cause and Effect How did geography influence la ubicacin de los reinos e imperios con respecto a sus veci-
settlement patterns in mainland Southeast Asia?/Identificar nos ms poderosos.
causa y efecto Cmo influy la geografa en los patrones
Kingdom or Empire/
de asentamientos del sureste asitico continental? Reino o imperio
c. Elaborate How did Indian and Chinese influences differ Pagan/Pagn
in their spread and impact across Southeast Asia?/Profundi- Khmer/Khmer
zar En qu se diferenciaron la difusin y el impacto de las
Geography/ Sailendra/Sailendra
influencias india y china por el sureste asitico?
Geografa Srivijaya/Srivijaya
2. a. Identify Who were Trung Trac and Trung Nhi, and why
Vietnam/Vietnam
are they still remembered today?/Identificar Quines
fueron Trung Trac y Trung Nhi, y por qu siguen siendo
recordadas? FOCUS ON WRITING
b. Identify Cause and Effect How did trade shape the rise ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
and fall of kingdoms and empires in the islands of Southeast
Asia?/Identificar causa y efecto Cmo influy el comercio 4. Persuasion You live in Vietnam during the early 900s. Write
en el ascenso y la cada de reinos e imperios de las islas del the text for a poster urging your fellow Vietnamese to rise up
sureste asitico? against their Chinese rulers. You should tell the Vietnamese
c. Evaluate Which early kingdom or empire in Southeast Asia why they should risk their lives to rebel against the Chinese.
do yo think produced the greatest achievements? Provide In addition, tell them why you think this is a good time to
reasons to support your answer./Evaluar Qu antiguo reino take such a course of action./Persuasin Vives en Vietnam
o imperio del sureste asitico crees que obtuvo los logros ms a principios del siglo X. Escribe el texto para un afiche que
importantes? Da razones para defender tu respuesta. impulse a tus compatriotas vietnamitas a rebelarse contra
sus gobernantes chinos. Deberas decir a tus compatriotas por
Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico qu deben arriesgar sus vidas para rebelarse contra los chinos.
3. Identify Cause and Effect Using your notes and a graphic Adems, diles por qu piensas que ste es un buen momento
organizer like the one below, explain how geography affected para emprender esta accin.
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL CHR HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, c. Evaluate Evaluate this statement: The Byzantines them-
palabras y personas selves, not the Turks, bear the greatest responsibility for the
end of their empire./Evaluar Evala la siguiente oracin:
1. a. Identify Who was Justinian I, and what did he achieve
Los mismos bizantinos, no los turcos, tienen la mayor respon-
regarding law?/Identificar Quin era Justiniano I y qu
sabilidad del fin de su imperio.
logr en el campo de las leyes?
b. Describe How did the influence of Theodora affect the Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
outcome of the Nika Revolt?/Describir Cmo afect la 4. Categorize Use your notes and a graphic organizer like
influencia de Teodora el resultado de la revuelta de Nika? this one to describe the impact of religion on the Byz-
c. Make Judgments How might Justinian I have ensured antine Empires emperors, culture, and decline./Crear
that his accomplishments lasted longer than they did?/Dar categoras Usa tus notas y un organizador grfico como el
opiniones Cmo podra haberse asegurado Justiniano I de siguiente para describir el impacto de la religin en los empe-
que sus logros duraran ms de lo que duraron? radores, la cultura y la decadencia del Imperio bizantino.
2. a. Recall What are mosaics, and what role did they play
in Byzantine art?/Recordar Qu son los mosaicos y qu Religion/Religin
papel tuvieron en el arte bizantino?
b. Explain Why did the iconoclasts respond as they did to
sacred paintings or carvings that showed human images?/ Emperors/ Decline/
Explicar Por qu los iconoclastas respondieron como lo Emperadores Decadencia
Culture/
hicieron a las pinturas y grabados sagrados que mostraban Cultura
figuras humanas?
c. Develop Why did the split occur between the Orthodox
Church and the Roman Catholic Church?/Desarrollar Por FOCUS ON WRITING
qu se produjo la separacin entre la Iglesia ortodoxa y la
Iglesia catlica romana? ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
3. a. Identify Under what dynasty did the Byzantine Empire 5. Narration Imagine that you are the official biographer
enjoy a 200-year golden age?/Identificar Bajo qu of Theodora. Write a paragraph in which you describe her
dinasta el Imperio bizantino disfrut de una era dorada character, accomplishments, and role in the Nika Revolt./
que dur 200 aos? Narracin Imagina que eres el bigrafo oficial de Teodora.
b. Explain Why was the division between the aristocracies of Escribe un prrafo en el que describas su carcter, sus logros y
city and countryside a problem?/Explicar Por qu era un su papel en la revuelta de Nika.
problema la divisin entre la aristocracia de la ciudad y la del
campo?
CHRISTIANITY IN RUSSIA/EL
CRISTIANISMO EN RUSIA
In 863, two Greek brothers, monks named Cyril
and Methodius, went to Moravia (now in the Czech For what purpose was
Republic) to convert the Slavs to Christianity. They the Cyrillic alphabet
used the Slavonic language instead of Greek when developed?/Con qu
propsito fue desarrollado
celebrating Mass. They also developed a written el alfabeto cirlico?
alphabet for the Slavonic language so they could
_______________________
pass on religious texts of Byzantine Christianity.
This alphabet was called the Cyrillic alphabet. _______________________
It helped Orthodox Christianity spread through _______________________
Serbia, Bulgaria, and Russia./En 1863, dos hermanos
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Keyword: SHL CHR
Christianity/cristianismo
Europe/Europa
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, port your answer./Defender una posicin Cul crees que
palabras y personas fue el papel ms importante de los monasterios benedictinos
en Europa? Defiende tu respuesta.
1. a. Identify Who was Alfred the Great, and for what is he
best known?/Identificar Quin era Alfredo el Grande y Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
por qu es ms conocido?
4. Analyzing Use your notes and a concept map like the one
b. Explain What led to the conversion of the Franks to Chris- below to describe how the spread of Christianity in western
tianity?/Explicar Qu llev a la conversin de los francos al Europe affected various aspects of daily life. Add more ovals
cristianismo? as necessary./Analizar Usa tus notas y un mapa conceptual
c. Elaborate Why do you think western Europe broke apart como el siguiente para describir cmo la difusin del cristia-
into small kingdoms rather than remaining unified after the nismo en Europa occidental afect varios aspectos de la vida
fall of Rome?/Profundizar Por qu crees que Europa occi- diaria. Agrega ms valos si es necesario.
dental se separ en reinos pequeos en vez de permanecer
unificada despus de la cada de Roma? Christianity/
Cristianismo
2. a. Recall What did Patrick achieve in Ireland?/Recordar
Qu logr Patricio en Irlanda?
b. Summarize What were the major achievements of Pope
Gregory the Great?/Resumir Cules fueron los logros
ms importantes del papa Gregorio el Grande?
FOCUS ON WRITING
c. Extend How do you think the idea of Christendom
affected life in medieval Europe?/Ampliar Cmo crees que
ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
afect a la vida de la Europa medieval la idea de la
cristiandad? 5. Description Write a paragraph describing a day in the life
3. a. Describe What was daily life like for the monks who lived of a monk in a Benedictine or Celtic monastery. In your para-
in Celtic monasteries?/Describir Cmo era la vida diaria de graph, explain what activities the monk performed through-
los monjes que vivan en monasterios celtas? out a typical day./Descripcin Escribe un prrafo en el que
describas un da en la vida de un monje de un monasterio
b. Compare and contrast How were Benedictine and Celtic
benedictino o uno celta. En tu prrafo, explica qu actividades
monasteries similar? How were they different?/Comparar y
realiza el monje durante un da normal.
contrastar En qu se parecan los monasterios benedictinos
y los celtas? En qu se diferenciaban?
c. Support a position What do you think was the most signif-
icant role played by Benedictine monasteries in Europe? Sup-
Empire/Imperio Society/Sociedad
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People/Pueblo Description/Descripcin
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, Profundizar Qu tctica musulmana crees que habra
palabras y personas causado ms problemas a los pueblos del sur de Europa:
pequeas incursiones o una gran invasin? Explica tu
1. a. Identify What skills allowed the Vikings to conduct raids
respuesta.
in locations far from their homeland?/Identificar Qu
destrezas permitieron a los vikingos atacar lugares que esta- Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
ban lejos de su tierra?
4. Compare and contrast Use your notes and a graphic orga-
b. Draw conclusions Why do you think the period between nizer like the one at right to compare and contrast the Viking,
800 and 1000 in western Europe is sometimes called the Age Magyar, and Muslim raiders./Comparar y contrastar Usa
of the Vikings?/Sacar conclusiones Por qu crees que a tus notas y un organizador grfico como el de la derecha para
veces se llama la Edad de los vikingos al perodo comprendido comparar y contrastar a los asaltantes vikingos, magiares y
entre 800 y 1000 en Europa occidental? musulmanes.
c. Evaluate Do stories like the Viking sagas make good
sources for historical information? Why or why not?/Evaluar
Los relatos como las sagas vikingas son buenas fuentes de
informacin histrica? Por qu?
2. a. Identify Who were the Magyars? What parts of Europe did
they invade and settle?/Identificar Quines eran los ma-
giares? En qu partes de Europa invadieron y se asentaron?
b. Explain How did the Magyars decision to settle down in a
FOCUS ON WRITING
permanent location help bring an end to their raids?/Expli-
car Cmo ayud la decisin de los magiares de asentarse en ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
una ubicacin permanente a poner fin a sus incursiones?
5. Description Write a description of a Viking, Magyar, or
3. a. Describe Where did the Muslim raiders who attacked Muslim raid as though you are an inhabitant of the town
Europe in the 800s and 900s come from?/Describir De being raided. Bring your description to life by choosing vivid
dnde venan los asaltantes musulmanes que atacaron adjectives to describe the sights, sounds, and emotions that
Europa en los siglos IX y X? surround you./Descripcin Escribe una descripcin de una
b. Contrast How did Muslim attacks on Europe in the 800s incursin de los vikingos, los magiares o los musulmanes como
differ from those in the 700s?/Contrastar En qu se dife- si fueras un habitante de la ciudad o pueblo que estn asal-
renciaban los ataques musulmanes a Europa del siglo IX de tando. Haz que tu descripcin cobre vida eligiendo adjetivos
los del siglo VIII? vvidos para describir lo que se ve, los sonidos y las emociones
c. Elaborate Which Muslim tactic do you think would have a tu alrededor.
caused more problems for the people of southern Europe,
small raids or a full-scale invasion? Explain your answer./
Vassal/Vasallo
Peasant/Campesino
Serf/Siervo
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, b. Explain What made the manorial system an effective eco-
palabras y personas nomic system?/Explicar Qu haca del sistema de feudos
1. a. Define What was the feudal system? What roles did un sistema econmico eficaz?
lords and vassals play in it?/Definir Qu era el sistema Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
feudal? Qu papeles desempeaban los seores y los vasa-
llos en l?
4. Summarize Draw a graphic organizer like the one below. In
each box, list the responsibilities that each group had toward
b. Analyze How did oaths of fealty and feudal obligations the other./Resumir Dibuja un organizador grfico como el
tie knights to their lords?/Analizar Cmo ataban a los siguiente. En cada cuadro, enumera las responsabilidades que
caballeros los juramentos de fidelidad y las obligaciones feu- cada grupo tena para con el otro.
dales a sus seores?
c. Elaborate Why was the feudal system so complicated?/ Lords/ Knights/ Peasants/
Seores Caballeros Campesinos
Profundizar Por qu era tan complicado el sistema feudal?
2. a. Define What was the manorial system? Who partici-
pated in this system?/Definir Qu era el sistema de feu- FOCUS ON WRITING
dos? Quines participaban en este sistema?
b. Compare and contrast How were the lives of nobles and ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
peasants similar? How were they different?/Comparar y
contrastar En qu se parecan la vida de los nobles y la de 5. Narration Write a journal entry from the point of view of
los campesinos? En qu se diferenciaban? a man or woman in the early Middle Ages. In your entry,
c. Elaborate Why do you think most lords wanted their man- describe what your daily life is like and what duties and obli-
ors to be self-sufficient?/Profundizar Por qu piensas que la gations you fulfill./Narracin Escribe una entrada de un
mayora de los seores queran que sus feudos fueran autosu- diario desde el punto de vista de un hombre o una mujer de
ficientes? principios de la Edad Media. En la entrada, describe cmo es
tu vida diaria y los deberes y obligaciones que cumples.
3. a. Describe What was village life like in the Middle Ages?/
Describir Cmo era la vida en las aldeas en la Edad Media?
England/Inglaterra
France/Francia
Holy Roman Empire/
Santo Imperio romano
Spain/Espaa
Portugal/Portugal
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, nobles del Santo Imperio romano el hecho de tener empera-
palabras y personas dores electos?
1. a. Describe How did William the Conqueror come to rule Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
England? How did the English government change after he
3. Identify Cause and Effect Use your notes to create a chart
took the throne?/Describir Cmo lleg Guillermo el Con-
like the one below. For each monarchy, describe the growth
quistador a gobernar Inglaterra? Cmo cambi el gobierno
of the kings power and its effects./Identificar causa y
de Inglaterra despus de que tomara el trono?
efecto Usa tus notas para crear una tabla como la siguiente.
b. Explain How did Magna Carta and the development of Para cada monarqua, describe el crecimiento del poder del
Parliament limit the power of Englands kings?/Explicar rey y sus efectos.
Cmo limitaron el poder de los reyes de Inglaterra la Carta
Magna y la creacin del Parlamento? Kings Power/Poder del rey Effects/Efectos
Changes/Cambios
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on this crusade, but only King Richard the Lion- Circle the names of two
Hearted of England stayed with his forces to fight opponents in the Third
Saladin. Richard and Saladin had great respect for Crusade./Encierra en un
each other, even as they fought fiercely for control crculo los nombres de
dos rivales de la Tercera
of the Holy Land. Despite some early victories, Cruzada.
Richard was not able to take Jerusalem and returned
to England defeated. He was captured and held for
ransom along the way./Alrededor de treinta aos
despus de la Segunda Cruzada, surgi un nuevo lder
musulmn llamado Saladino, que recuper Jerusaln
de manos de los cristianos. Esto provoc la Tercera
Cruzada. Los reyes de Francia y Alemania partieron
hacia esa Cruzada, pero solo el rey Ricardo Corazn
de Len de Inglaterra permaneci con sus fuerzas
para luchar contra Saladino. Ricardo y Saladino
se respetaban mucho, incluso cuando luchaban
ferozmente por el control de Tierra Santa. A pesar de
algunas victorias obtenidas en el comienzo, Ricardo
no pudo tomar Jerusaln y regres a Inglaterra
derrotado. En el camino, lo capturaron y pidieron
rescate por l.
A Fourth Crusade began in 1201 in yet another
Christian attempt to claim Jerusalem. The Crusaders
lacked the funds to pay for passage to the Holy
Land. Instead, they agreed to attack a Christian port
city called Zara for the Venetians in exchange for
passage. Zara had been taken over by the Hungarian
king, who was Christian. This attack resulted in the
outraged pope excommunicating all the Crusaders,
who then attacked Constantinople instead of the Holy
Land./La Cuarta Cruzada comenz en 1201, con
un nuevo intento cristiano por tomar Jerusaln. Los
cruzados no disponan de los fondos necesarios para
viajar a Tierra Santa. Entonces decidieron atacar la
ciudad portuaria cristiana de Zara en nombre de los
venecianos a cambio del derecho a pasar. Zara haba
sido tomada por el rey de Hungra, que era cristiano.
Este ataque tuvo como consecuencia la furia del papa,
que excomulg a todos los cruzados, quienes luego, At the end of all the
Crusades, who controlled
atacaron Constantinopla en lugar de Tierra Santa. the Holy Land?/Al finalizar
Five more Crusades were launched in the following todas las Cruzadas, quin
years. None was successful. Jerusalem remained controlaba Tierra Santa?
in Muslim hands when the Christians were driven _______________________
completely out of the Holy Land by 1291./Durante los
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Literature/Literatura
LITERATURE/LITERATURA
Literature of the Middle Ages was varied in style and
topic. Many of the writings from this era dealt with
religion, as few people who were not priests or monks
could read or write. Examples include sermons and
tales of saints lives. One famous medieval writer
was a nun who created poems and music to go with
them. Her name was Hildegard of Bingen./La
literatura de la Edad Media era variada en cuanto a
estilos y temas. Muchos de los escritos de esta poca
trataban de religin, porque muy pocas personas que
no fueran sacerdotes ni monjes saban leer y escribir.
Algunos ejemplos son sermones y relatos de la vida
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, affect society?/Hacer predicciones Como pueden haber
palabras y personas afectado las nuevas ideas del Renacimiento a la sociedad?
1. a. Recall Which groups came to dominate Italian city-states Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
in the 1300s and 1400s?/Recordar Qu grupos dominaron
4. Identify Cause and Effect Using your notes on the section
las ciudades estado italianas en los siglos XIV y XV?
and the graphic organizer below, show what effect human-
b. Identify Cause and Effect How did the Black Death ism had on arts and ideas during the Rennaisance./Identi-
influence the economic system of Europe?/Identificar ficar causa y efecto Usando tus notas sobre la seccin y
causa y efecto Cmo influy la Peste Negra en el sistema el siguiente organizador grfico, muestra qu efecto tuvo el
econmico de Europa? humanismo sobre el arte y las ideas durante el Renacimiento.
2. a. Define What is humanism?/Definir Qu es el
humanismo? Painting/ Sculpture/ Architecture/ Thinkers/
Pintura Escultura Arquitectura Pensadores
b. Draw Conclusions How did Machiavellis The Prince
reflect humanist and Renaissance ways of thinking?/Sacar
conclusiones Cmo reflejaba El prncipe, de Maquiavelo, las
maneras de pensar del humanismo y el Renacimiento?
FOCUS ON WRITING
c. Evaluate How did Castigliones book reveal a new idea
about the role of achievement?/Evaluar Como revelaba el
ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
libro de Castiglione una nueva idea sobre el papel del xito?
3. a. Describe How were Renaissance artists funded?/Descri- 5. Exposition Choose a person from the chapter and write a
bir Cmo se financiaban los artistas del Renacimiento? short paragraph explaining why he was important in the
b. Explain For what reason(s) is Leonardo da Vinci con- Renaissance. You should include a list of his achievements./
sidered a Renaissance man?/Explicar Por qu razn o Exposicin Elige una persona del captulo y escribe un p-
razones se considera a Leonardo da Vinci un hombre del rrafo corto en el que expliques por qu fue importante en el
Renacimiento? Renacimiento. Debes incluir una lista de sus logros.
c. Predict How might the new ideas of the Renaissance
Northern Renaissance/
Renacimiento del norte
ARTISTS/ARTISTAS
German artist Albrecht Drer (DOOR-uhr) visited Italy
in the late 1400s. There, he learned the techniques of
realism and perspective. After returning to Germany,
he influenced many German Renaissance painters
with this new style. His work also had some features
that were unique to the northern Renaissance. For
example, like many northern European painters he
How was northern
used oil paints. This allowed a great deal of detail to European painting similar
be added to paintings, such as the texture of fabric, to that of the Italian
or the tiny image of objects reflected in a mirror./El Renaissance? How was
it different?/En qu se
artista alemn Alberto Durero visit Italia a finales parecan las pinturas del
del siglo XV. All, aprendi las tcnicas de realismo y norte de Europa de las del
perspectiva. Tras su regreso a Alemania, influenci a Renacimiento italiano? En
muchos pintores alemanes del Renacimiento con este qu se diferenciaban?
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Protestant
Reformation/
Reforma protestante
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, VIII con Roma, cmo poda ser la relacin futura entre la
palabras y personas iglesia e Inglaterra? Explica tu respuesta.
1. a. Identify Name three criticisms that were made of the Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
Catholic Church in the 1500s./Identificar Nombra tres crti-
5. Identify Cause and Effect Using your notes and a graphic
cas que se hicieron a la Iglesia catlica en el siglo XVI.
organizer like the one below, record the major reforms
b. Summarize What other factors contributed to a weaken- brought about by each reformer./Identificar causa y
ing of the power of the Church in the 1500s?/Resumir Qu efecto Usando tus notas y un organizador grfico como el
otros factores contribuyeron al debilitamiento del poder de la siguiente, anota las reformas ms importantes que realiz
iglesia en el siglo XVI? cada reformador.
2. a. Recall What were the Ninety-five Thesis?/Recordar
Qu eran las Noventa y cinco tesis? Reformers/ Reforms/Reformas
Reformadores
b. Analyze What criticisms did Martin Luther have of
the Catholic Church?/Analizar Qu crticas hizo Martn
Lutero a la Iglesia catlica?
3. a. Recall Which Protestant reformer preached the doctrine
of predestination?/Recordar Qu reformista protestante
predicaba la doctrina de la predestinacin?
b. Draw Conclusions Why did Zwinglis followers wish to FOCUS ON WRITING
form an alliance with the Lutherans?/Sacar conclusiones
Por qu los seguidores de Zwingli queran formar una alianza ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
con los luteranos?
4. a. Describe What led to Henry VIIIs break with the Catho- 6. Narration Write a short paragraph that tells how England
lic Church?/Describir Cul fue la causa de la ruptura de became a Protestant nation. Include important people, dates,
Enrique VIII con la Iglesia catlica? and events./Narracin Escribe un prrafo corto en el que
cuentes cmo Inglaterra se convirti en una nacin protes-
b. Make Judgments Based on the response to Henry VIIIs
tante. Incluye personas, fechas y sucesos importantes.
break with Rome, what was likely to be the future relationship
between the church and England? Explain your answer./Dar
opiniones A partir de la respuesta a la ruptura de Enrique
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Reasons/Razones
Explanations/Explicaciones
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, holandeses con los espaoles y portugueses? En qu se dife-
palabras y personas renciaban sus aproximaciones a las Amricas?
1. a. Identify What were four reasons that drove people to b. Explain Why did Sir Francis Drake end up sailing com-
explore new lands?/Identificar Cules eran las cuatro pletely around the world?/Explicar Por qu Sir Francis
razones que impulsaban a las personas a explorar nuevas Drake termin dando la vuelta al mundo?
tierras?
Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
b. Explain How did devices like the astrolabe, compass, and
4. Categorize Draw a chart like the one below. Using your
caravel help promote exploration?/Explicar Cmo ayuda-
notes, identify the major explorers that sailed for each country
ron a promover la exploracin dispositivos tales como el astro-
and the areas that they explored./Crear categoras Dibuja
labio, la brjula y la carabela?
una tabla como la siguiente. Usando tus notas, identifica los
c. Support a Position Do you agree or disagree with this principales exploradores que navegaron por cada pas y las
statement: The Age of Exploration could not have occurred reas que exploraron.
without the Renaissance? Support your answer./Defender
una posicin Ests o no de acuerdo con la siguiente afir- European Explorers/Exploradores europes
macin: La Era de la Exploracin no podra haber ocurrido sin Portugal/ Spain/ England/ France/ Netherlands/
el Renacimiento? Defiende tu respuesta. Portugal Espaa Inglaterra Francia Holanda
Location/ Description/
Ubicacin Descripcin
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Trade Patterns/
Patrones comerciales
MERCANTILISM/MERCANTILISMO
During the 1500s and 1600s, European nations
Why do you think it was
developed an economic policy called mercantilism. important for a country
The basic principle was that a nations strength to have a strong military
depends on its wealth, because money allows a under mercantilism?/Por
qu piensas que era
country to have a strong military. Wealth meant gold importante para un pas
and silver. Mercantilists believed there was only a tener fuerzas militares
fixed amount of wealth in the world, so for one nation poderosas durante el
to become wealthy, it had to take wealth and power mercantilismo?
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c. Elaborate What impact did the Ottoman Empire and its Key Events/Datos clave
expansion have on European history? Support your explana- Society/Sociedad
tion with examples from the reading./Profundizar Qu Culture/Cultura
impacto tuvo el Imperio otomano y su expansin sobre la
historia europea? Defiende tu explicacin con ejemplos de la FOCUS ON WRITING
lectura.
2. a. Recall Why did the Safavid Empire come into conflict with ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
other Muslim empires around it?/Recordar Por qu el Impe-
rio safvida entr en conflicto con otros imperios musulmanes 4. Persuasion Write a short letter from the Ottoman sultan
vecinos? Mehmed II to his military advisors stating that he wants to
attack the Byzantine capital of Constantinople. The letter
b. Explain How did events of the Safavid period shape
should explain why capturing the city is so important to the
culture in the present day country of Iran?/Explicar Qu
Ottoman Empire and persuade the military advisors to support
influencia tuvieron en la cultura actual de Irn los sucesos del
the campaign./Persuasin Redacta una breve carta del sultn
perodo safvida?
otomano Mehmed II a sus consejeros militares en la que digas
c. Evaluate Who do you think was the better Safavid ruler que l quiere atacar la capital bizantina de Constantinopla.
Esmail or Abbas? Provide reasons to support your opinion./ La carta debe explicar por qu la conquista de la ciudad es tan
Evaluar Quin crees que fue el mejor gobernante safvida: importante para el Imperio otomano y debe persuadir a los
Ismael o Abbas? Da razones para defender tu opinin. consejeros militares para que apoyen la campaa.
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, c. Extend How did the policies of Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb
palabras y personas lead to the decline of Mughal civilization?/Ampliar De qu
1. a. Identify What was the first Muslim government estab- manera las polticas del shah Jahan y Aurangzeb llevaron a la
lished in India? Where did its name come from?/Identificar decadencia de la civilizacin mogola?
Cul fue el primer gobierno musulmn establecido en la Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
India? De donde provena su nombre?
4. Identify Cause and Effect Using your notes and a graphic
b. Explain How did relationships between Muslims and mem- organizer like the one here, explain the reasons for the
bers of other religions change in India?/Explicar Cmo growth and decline of the Mughal Empire. List reasons for
cambiaron las relaciones entre los musulmanes y los miem- growth in the left arrow and reasons for decline in the right
bros de otras religiones en la India? arrow./Identificar causa y efecto Usando tus notas y un
c. Elaborate How did the arrival of Islam in India lead to later organizador grfico como el siguiente, explica las razones
changes in society?/Profundizar De qu manera la llegada del crecimiento y la decadencia del Imperio mogol. Anota las
del Islam a la India origin cambios posteriores en su sociedad? razones del crecimiento en la flecha izquierda y las razones de
2. a. Describe How did Babur establish the Mughal la decadencia en la flecha derecha.
Empire?/Describir Cmo estableci Babur el Imperio
Decadencia
Decline/
mogol? Mughal
Crecimiento
Growth/
Empire/
b. Make Generalizations What qualities helped Babur and Imperio
Akbar the Great create a successful and prosperous empire mogol
in India?/Hacer generalizaciones Qu cualidades ayuda-
ron a Babur y a Akbar el Grande a crear un imperio prs-
pero y exitoso en la India? FOCUS ON WRITING
c. Rate Which of Akbars accomplishments as emperor do
ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
you think was most impressive? Why?/Calificar Cul de los
logros de Akbar como emperador crees que fue el ms impre-
5. Narration Write a short paragraph about the founding of
sionante? Por qu?
the Mughal Empire. In your paragraph, trace the key events
3. a. Identify What were two artistic achievements made in in the empires early history./Narracin Escribe un breve
India under Shah Jahan?/Identificar Cules fueron los prrafo sobre la fundacin del Imperio mogol. En tu prrafo,
dos logros artsticos realizados en la India bajo el reinado del menciona los sucesos clave en los principios de la historia del
shah Jahan? imperio.
b. Compare and Contrast How were Shah Jahan and
Aurangzeb similar? How were they different?/Comparar y
contrastar En qu se parecan el shah Jahan y Aurangzeb?
En qu se diferenciaban?
Ming/Ming Qing/Qing
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, b. Analyze How did Ming porcelain contribute to Chinas
palabras y personas economy?/Analizar Cul fue la contribucin de la por-
1. a. Identify Who were Hongwu and Yonglo, and what were celana ming a la economa de China?
their main achievements?/Identificar Quines fueron Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
Hongwu y Yonglo y cules fueron sus principales logros?
4. Compare and Contrast Using your notes and a graphic
b. Draw Conclusions How did Zheng Hes voyages dem- organizer like the one here, compare and contrast the main
onstrate Ming Chinas sea power and increase Chinas influ- accomplishments and challenges of the Ming and Qing dynas-
ence?/Sacar conclusiones De qu manera los viajes de ties./Comparar y contrastar Usando tus notas y un orga-
Zheng He demostraron el poder martimo de la China ming y nizador grfico como el siguiente, compara y contrasta los
aumentaron su influencia? principales logros y desafos de las dinastas Ming y Qing.
c. Evaluate How did interaction with foreigners affect China
during the Ming period?/Evaluar Cmo afect a China su
interaccin con los extranjeros durante el perodo ming? Ming Dynasty/ Qing Dynasty/
Dinasta Ming Dinasta Qing
2. a. Recall How did the Manchu rulers of the Qing dynasty
earn the support and loyalty of many of the Chinese people?/
Recordar Cmo hicieron los gobernantes manches de la
dinasta Qing para ganarse el apoyo y la lealtad de gran parte FOCUS ON WRITING
del pueblo chino?
b. Explain Why did the British fail in their efforts in the ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
1790s to expand trade relations with Qing China?/Explicar
Por qu fracasaron los ingleses en sus esfuerzos de la dcada 5. Exposition You are a Dutch merchant who conducts trade
de 1790 para expandir las relaciones comerciales con la with China in the 1700s. Write a short letter to another Euro-
China qing? pean merchant giving the merchant advice on how to gain
the right to trade with China./Exposicin Eres un mercader
c. Rank Based on what you have learned about the major holands que comercia con China en el siglo XVIII. Escribe
Ming and Qing emperors, how would you rank them? Explain una breve carta a otro mercader europeo, en la que le acon-
your reasoning./Ordenar Basndote en lo que has apren- sejes cmo ganarse el derecho a comerciar con China.
dido sobre los principales emperadores ming y qing, cmo los
ordenaras? Explica tu razonamiento.
3. a. Identify Which book is considered to be Chinas greatest
novel, and when was it written?/Identificar Qu libro es
considerado la mxima novela de China y cundo fue escrito?
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Strengths/
Puntos fuertes
Weaknesses/
Puntos dbiles
ARTISTIC ACHIEVEMENTS/LOGROS
ARTSTICOS
The mid-1500s to the mid-1600s is known as the
What was the Golden Age
Golden Age of Spanish art, a time when Spanish of Spanish art?/Cul fue
artists were influential across Europe. The work of la Edad de Oro del arte
the Greek painter El Greco was mostly religious, espaol?
and reflected Spains central role in the Counter- _______________________
Reformation. The Spanish painter Diego Velzquez _______________________
painted masterpieces portraying people of all social
classes. Miguel de Cervantes was a famous writer
who wrote the masterpiece Don Quixote de la
Mancha. Mexican nun Sister Juana Ines de las
Cruz wrote poetry, prose, and plays./La Edad de
Oro del arte espaol se extendi desde mediados del
siglo XVI hasta mediados del siglo XVII y fue una
poca en la que los artistas espaoles influyeron sobre
toda Europa. La obra del pintor griego El Greco era
principalmente religiosa y reflejaba el papel central de
Espaa en la Contrarreforma. El pintor espaol Diego
Velzquez pint obras maestras retratando a personas
de todas las clases sociales. Miguel de Cervantes
fue un famoso escritor, autor de la obra maestra Don
Quijote de la Mancha. La monja mexicana Sor Juana
Ins de la Cruz escribi obras de poesa, prosa y
teatro.
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Decadencia
Spanish
Decline/
Surgimiento
Charles V?/Analizar De qu manera afect el tamao de Empire/
Rise/
su imperio al gobierno de Carlos V? Imperio
espaol
2. a. Identify Who were El Greco and Diego Velzquez?/
Identificar Quines fueron El Greco y Diego Velzquez?
b. Infer Why might church officials have been particularly FOCUS ON SPEAKING
critical of some works by Sister Juana Ines de la Cruz?/
Inferir Por qu los funcionarios de la iglesia habrn sido par- ENFOQUE EN LA EXPRESIN ORAL
ticularmente crticos con algunas de las obras de Sor Juana
Ins de la Cruz? 5. Narration Imagine that you are a Spanish or English sailor
3. a. Recall What region of Spains European territories who survived the Spanish Armadas attempted invasion of
rebelled, starting in the 1560s?/Recordar Qu regin de England. Prepare and deliver the tale you tell other sailors
los territorios europeos de Espaa comenz su rebelin en la when you return home./Narracin Imagina que eres un ma-
dcada de 1560? rinero espaol o ingls que sobrevivi al intento de la Armada
b. Explain Why did Philip II want to invade England?/ espaola de invadir Inglaterra. Prepara y pronuncia el relato
Explicar Por qu Felipe II quera invadir Inglaterra? que le cuentas a otros marineros cuando vuelves a casa.
c. Evaluate A Spanish official in the Americas is said to have
commented, If Death had to come from Spain, I would live
forever. What was the official implying?/Evaluar Se dice
que un funcionario espaol de las Amricas coment: Si la
Muerte debiera venir desde Espaa, yo vivira para siempre.
Qu quera decir el funcionario?
Henry IV/
Enrique IV
Louis XIII/
Luis XIII
Louis XIV/
Luis XIV
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, c. Evaluate How could Louis XIV have improved his legacy?/
palabras y personas Evaluar De qu manera pudo haber mejorado Luis XIV su
1. a. Define Write a brief definition of the following terms: legado?
Huguenot, Saint Bartholomews Day Massacre, Edict Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
of Nantes./Definir Escribe una breve definicin de los
siguientes trminos: hugonote, masacre del da de San
4. Sequence Copy the graphic organizer below and use it to
describe how the power of the French monarchy increased
Bartolom, Edicto de Nantes.
under Henry IV, Louis XIII, and Louis XIV./Ordenar Copia
b. Sequence List in order the major events in the conflict el siguiente organizador grfico y salo para describir cmo
between French Huguenots and Catholics./Ordenar Enu- aument el poder de la monarqua francesa bajo Enrique IV,
mera ordenadamente los principales sucesos en el conflicto Luis XIII y Luis XIV.
entre hugonotes franceses y catlicos.
c. Elaborate Attributed to Henry IV is the quotation, Paris Henry IV/ Louis XIII/ Louis XIV/
Enrique IV Luis XIII Luis XIV
is well worth a mass. What does this statement mean?/
Profundizar Se atribuye a Enrique IV la siguiente cita:
Pars bien vale una misa. Qu quiere decir esta afirmacin? FOCUS ON WRITING
2. a. Identify Who was Cardinal Richelieu, and why was he
significant?/Identificar Quin era el cardenal Richelieu y ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
por qu era importante?
5. Description Study the illustrations in this section. Then write a
b. Interpret What were the effects of the siege of La
brief description of either the St. Bartholomews Day Massacre
Rochelle?/Interpretar Cules fueron los efectos del sitio de
or the palace that Louis XIV built at Versailles. Use details that
La Rochelle?
will help your reader visualize the scene./Descripcin Estudia
3. a. Identify What was Versailles? Why was it important?/ las ilustraciones de esta seccin. Luego escribe una breve
Identificar Qu era Versalles? Por qu era importante? descripcin de la masacre del da de San Bartolom o del
b. Explain What did Louis XIV mean by Letat, cest moi?/ palacio que Luis XIV construy en Versalles. Usa detalles que
Explicar Qu quiso decir Luis XIV con la frase Letat, cest ayuden a tu lector a visualizar la escena.
moi?
Monarchy/
Monarqua
Parliament/
Parlamento
Section Summary/Resumen de la seccin
THE TUDORS AND PARLIAMENT/LOS TUDOR
Y EL PARLAMENTO
To convert England to Protestantism, Henry VIII
had teamed up with Parliament. In 1534, the Act of
Supremacy named the king the head of Englands
official church, the Church of England./Para convertir
a Inglaterra al protestantismo, Enrique VIII se haba
puesto de acuerdo con el Parlamento. En 1534, la Ley
de Supremaca nombr al rey jefe de la iglesia oficial,
la Iglesia de Inglaterra.
Henrys daughter Mary briefly returned England to
Catholicism. When her sister Elizabeth became queen,
Elizabeth had to re-establish the Church of England.
She worked well with Parliament, but she strongly
believed in her divine right to be queen. In 1601, a
noble rebelled against her authority. He was quickly
brought to trial, but this showed a growing tendency
to question the monarchy./Mara, hija de Enrique, hizo
que Inglaterra retornara brevemente al catolicismo.
Cuando su hermana Isabel se convirti en reina, sta
tuvo que volver a establecer la Iglesia de Inglaterra.
Trabaj bien con el Parlamento, pero crea firmemente
en su derecho divino a ser reina. En 1601, un noble se
rebel contra su autoridad. Fue rpidamente llevado
a juicio, pero esto demostr una creciente tendencia a
cuestionar la monarqua.
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, opiniones Por qu la Declaracin de Derechos inglesa
palabras y personas es importante tanto para el pueblo ingls como para el
estadounidense?
1. a. Identify Which monarch separated England from the
Roman Catholic Church?/Identificar Qu monarca separ Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
a Inglaterra de la Iglesia catlica romana?
5. Identify Cause and Effect Using your notes and a graphic
b. Explain Why did Elizabeth I need to get along with the organizer like the one below, identify the causes of the
English Parliament?/Explicar Por qu Isabel I necesitaba decreasing power of the monarchy. Add more boxes as
llevarse bien con el Parlamento ingls? needed./Identificar causa y efecto Usando tus notas y un
2. a. Recall How did the Puritans get their name?/ organizador grfico como el siguiente, identifica las causas de
Recordar Cmo obtuvieron su nombre los puritanos? la disminucin del poder de la monarqua. Agrega los cuadros
b. Summarize What was the basic conflict between James I que sean necesarios.
and Parliament?/Resumir Cul era el conflicto bsico entre Cause/
el rey Jacobo I y el Parlamento? Causa
Decreased power of the monarchy/
3. a. Identify When did the English Civil War begin?/ Disminucin del poder de la monarqua
Cause/
Identificar Cundo comenz la Guerra Civil inglesa? Causa
b. Explain Why did Charles I have a hard time raising
money for an army, while Parliament did not?/Explicar Por
FOCUS ON WRITING
qu Carlos I tuvo problemas para reunir dinero para un ejr-
cito y el Parlamento no?
ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
c. Develop Why did the English people differ in their views on
the execution of Charles I?/Desarrollar Por qu los ingleses 6. Exposition Imagine that you are a guide in a museum that
tenan distintos puntos de vista sobre la ejecucin de Carlos I? has a copy of the English Bill of Rights. As a handout for
4. a. Recall What is a constitutional monarchy?/Recordar museum visitors, write a brief explanation of the importance
Qu es una monarqua constitucional? of this document./Exposicin Imagina que eres gua en un
museo que tiene una copia de la Declaracin de Derechos
b. Compare and Contrast How were the Restoration and
inglesa. Escribe una breve explicacin sobre la importancia
the Glorious Revolution similar and different?/Comparar y
de este documento que pueda incluirse en un volante para
contrastar En qu se parecan y en qu se diferenciaban la
entregar a los visitantes del museo.
Restauracin y la Revolucin gloriosa?
c. Make Judgments Why is the English Bill of Rights
important to both the English and American people?/Dar
Russia/Rusia
even killed his own son and heir. When Ivan died, the
lack of a successor led to chaos until 1613, when a
relative of Ivans wife became the first Romanov czar./
Durante la dcada de 1560, Ivn cambi. Empez a
desconfiar de todos sus consejeros. Cuando su esposa
muri, crey que haba sido asesinada. Cre una
fuerza policial para castigar brutalmente a cualquiera
que hablara en su contra y tom las tierras de unos
12,000 boyardos. Tambin orden matar a miles de
personas en la ciudad de Novgorod. Incluso mat a
su propio hijo y heredero. Cuando Ivn muri, la falta
de un sucesor provoc el caos hasta 1613, cuando un
pariente de la esposa de Ivn se convirti en el primer
zar Romanov.
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL ENL HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, b. Draw Conclusions Why do you think artists and architects
palabras y personas were eager to embrace the ideas of the Scientific Revolu-
1. a. Define What was the geocentric theory of the universe?/ tion?/Sacar conclusiones Por qu piensas que los artistas
Definir Qu fue la teora geocntrica del universo? y los arquitectos estaban ansiosos por adoptar las ideas de la
revolucin cientfica?
b. Analyze How did the scientific method change the way
people learned about the natural world?/Analizar Cmo Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
cambi el mtodo cientfico la manera en que las personas 5. Identify Cause and Effect Copy the graphic organizer below
aprendan sobre el mundo natural? and use it to list the causes and the effects of new discoveries
c. Evaluate What effect would the scientific method have made during the Scientific Revolution./Identificar causa y
on the acceptance of the geocentric theory?/Evaluar Qu efecto Copia el siguiente organizador grfico y salo para
efecto tendra el mtodo cientfico en la aceptacin de la enumerar las causas y los efectos de los nuevos descubrimien-
teora geocntrica? tos hechos durante la revolucin cientfica.
2. a. Identify What was the heliocentric theory?/Identificar Causes/Causas Effects/Efectos
Cul fue la teora heliocntrica? New
b. Contrast In what way did Galileos view of the universe Discoveries/
Nuevos
differ from Aristotles view?/Contrastar En qu se diferen- descubrimientos
ciaba la visin del universo de Galileo de la visin de
Aristteles?
FOCUS ON WRITING
c. Elaborate Why do you think the Catholic Church objected
to the Galileos theories so strongly?/Profundizar Por qu ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
crees que la Iglesia catlica se opona tanto a las teoras de
Galileo? 6. Persuasion Suppose that you are an astronomer during the
3. a. Recall Who was the traditional authority on human anat- mid-1500s. Write a short speech explaining why the scientific
omy before the Scientific Revolution?/Recordar Quin era method would reveal truth more accurately than reliance
la autoridad tradicional sobre anatoma humana antes de la upon traditional authorities./Persuasin Imagina que eres
revolucin cientfica? un astrnomo a mediados del siglo XVI. Escribe un breve dis-
b. Explain How did Vesalius acquire more accurate knowl- curso en el que expliques por qu con el mtodo cientfico se
edge about human anatomy?/Explicar Cmo adquiri revelara la verdad con ms exactitud que dependiendo de las
Vesalius conocimientos ms exactos sobre anatoma autoridades tradicionales.
humana?
4. a. Describe What effects did the Scientific Revolution have
on art and architecture?/Describir Qu efectos tuvo la
revolucin cientfica en el arte y la arquitectura?
The
Enlightenment/
La Ilustracin
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Keyword: SHL ENL HP
United States
of America/
Estados Unidos
de Amrica
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL NAP HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, b. Sequence List the events that directly affected the royal
palabras y personas family./Ordenar Enumera los sucesos que afectaron directa-
mente a la familia real.
1. a. Recall What was the Old Order, and who was at its top?/
Recordar Qu era el Viejo Orden y quin estaba en la parte Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
superior?
4. Identify Cause and Effect Copy the graphic organizer below
b. Explain Why did members of the Third Estate feel they and use it to list causes of the French Revolution and the
were treated unfairly by the First and Second Estates?/ immediate effects. Add rows as needed./Identificar causa
Explicar Por qu los miembros del Tercer Estado sentan y efecto Copia el siguiente organizador grfico y salo para
que eran tratados injustamente por el Primer y Segundo anotar las causas de la Revolucin francesa y los efectos
Estado? inmediatos. Agrega filas si es necesario.
c. Predict What do you think might have happened if, in the
Causes/Causas Effects/Efectos
fall of 1789, harvests had been larger than usual?/Hacer
predicciones Qu crees que podra haber sucedido si, en el
otoo de 1789, las cosechas hubieran sido ms abundantes
que de costumbre?
FOCUS ON WRITING
2. a. Explain What happened on July 14, 1789?/Explicar
Qu sucedi el 14 de julio de 1789?
ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
b. Analyze Why did Third Estate members of the Estates-
General feel that the Tennis Court Oath was necessary?/ 5. Persuasion You are a member of one of the French estates.
Analizar Por qu los miembros del Tercer Estado de los Esta- Write a short letter to the editor of the newspaper, arguing
dos Generales creyeron que era necesario el Juramento de la for or against each representative to the Estates-General
cancha de pelota? having one vote./Persuasin Eres un miembro de uno de
c. Evaluate Do you think the Great Fear was a logical reac- los estados franceses. Escribe una breve carta al director del
tion to the fall of the Bastille? Why or why not?/Evaluar peridico, en la que expongas tus argumentos a favor o en
Crees que el Gran Miedo fue una reaccin lgica a la cada contra de otorgar un voto a cada uno de los representantes
de la Bastilla? Por qu? en los Estados Generales.
3. a. Describe What rights did the Declaration of the Rights
of Man and of the Citizen grant?/Describir Qu derechos
otorgaba la Declaracin de los Derechos del Hombre y del
Ciudadano?
The Republic/
La Repblica
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL NAP HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, c. Elaborate Why do you think historians may hold different
palabras y personas views of Napoleon?/Profundizar Por qu crees que los his-
toriadores pueden tener distintas opiniones sobre Napolen?
1. a. Identify What happened in November 1799?/Identifi-
car Qu sucedi en noviembre de 1799? Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
b. Analyze How did Napoleon use French citizens to gain 4. Sequence Use the graphic organizer below to show the
power?/Analizar De qu manera us Napolen a los ciu- sequence of events that led to Napoleons rise to power./
dadanos franceses para ganar poder? Ordenar Usa el siguiente organizador grfico para mostrar la
c. Evaluate Do you think you would have welcomed Napo- secuencia de sucesos que condujeron al ascenso de Napolen
leon as a dictator? Why or why not?/Evaluar Crees que al poder.
hubieras aceptado complacido que Napolen se convirtiera
en dictador? Por qu?
2. a. Recall Who fought the battles at Trafalgar and Austerlitz?
Which side won each battle?/Recordar Quienes participa-
FOCUS ON WRITING
ron en las batallas de Trafalgar y Austerlitz? Qu bando gan
cada batalla?
ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
b. Analyze How did the Continental System affect countries
beyond Europe?/Analizar Cmo afect el Sistema Conti- 5. Exposition Write a one-paragraph letter to Napoleon from
nental a los pases que no estaban en Europa? the viewpoint of a French officer stationed in Spain during the
c. Make Judgments How do you think you would have Peninsular War. In your letter, make suggestions about how
reacted if you had been present at Napoleons crowning?/ to win the war./Exposicin Escribe una carta de un prrafo
Dar opiniones Cmo crees que hubieras reaccionado si a Napolen desde el punto de vista de un oficial francs esta-
hubieras estado en la coronacin de Napolen? cionado en Espaa durante la Guerra Peninsular. En tu carta,
incluye sugerencias sobre cmo ganar la guerra.
3. a. Define What is nationalism, and how did it spread?/
Definir Qu es el nacionalismo y cmo se difundi?
b. Contrast In what way did Napoleons support of revolu-
tionary ideals contrast with other actions that he took?/Con-
trastar De qu manera el apoyo de Napolen a los ideales
revolucionarios contrastaba con otras acciones tomadas por
l?
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Beginnings/ Textiles/
Comienzos Textiles
Steam/ Spread/
Vapor Difusin
Section Summary/Resumen de la seccin
A REVOLUTION IN GREAT BRITAIN/UNA
REVOLUCIN EN GRAN BRETAA
During the 1700s, the world was transformed by
the development of power-driven machinery. This
movement, which began in Great Britain, is called
the Industrial Revolution./Durante el siglo XVIII,
el mundo fue transformado por el desarrollo de las
maquinarias a motor. Este movimiento, que comenz
en Gran Bretaa, se llama revolucin industrial.
British farmers experimented with agriculture to
find ways to produce more food. Around 1701, Jethro
Tull invented the seed drill to plant grain. During the
enclosure movement, wealthy landowners bought
and combined smaller farms./Los granjeros britnicos
experimentaban con la agricultura para hallar maneras
de producir ms alimentos. Alrededor de 1701, Jethro
Tull invent la mquina sembradora para plantar
granos. Durante el movimiento de cercamiento, los
terratenientes ricos compraron y combinaron pequeas List Britains three factors
granjas. of production. Underline
Britain possessed natural resources such as water the definition of this term./
Enumera tres factores
and coal to generate power; a growing population de produccin de Gran
of workers; and the money and skills of prosperous Bretaa. Subraya la
investors. These elements, called factors of definicin de este trmino.
production, are essential for economic success./ _______________________
Gran Bretaa posea recursos naturales tales como
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INDUSTRIALIZATION SPREADS/LA
INDUSTRIALIZACIN SE EXPANDE
Britain attempted to protect its industrial discoveries,
but the Industrial Revolution eventually spread to
the United States and other countries. People wanted
to compete and were rewarded for their innovation.
Mill worker Samuel Slater was known as the Father
Who was known as
of American Industry after he copied, from memory, the Father of American
Richard Arkwrights design and opened what is today Industry?/Quin era
known as Slaters Mill in Rhode Island. By 1850, the conocido como el
Padre de la Industria
mill city of Lowell, Massachusetts, had over 10,000 Estadounidense?
workers using looms./Gran Bretaa intent proteger
_______________________
sus descubrimientos industriales, pero la revolucin
industrial finalmente se expandi a Estados Unidos
y otros pases. Las personas queran competir y eran
recompensadas por sus innovaciones. Samuel Slater,
trabajador de textiles, fue conocido como el Padre
de la Industria Estadounidense luego de copiar, de
memoria, el diseo de Richard Arkwright y abrir lo
que hoy se conoce como la fbrica textil de Slater
en Rhode Island. Para 1850, la ciudad de Lowell,
Massachusetts tena ms de 10,000 trabajadores que
usaban telares.
Though Britains new technologies were soon used
in Belgium, the Industrial Revolution reached other
places in Europe much later. Rebellion followed by
the Napoleonic Wars kept France from industrializing
until after Napoleon was defeated in 1815. France did
not become an industrial power until 1848. Germanys
lack of central government delayed industrialization
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL IND HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, 4. a. Identify Why is Samuel Slater known as the Father of
palabras y personas American Industry?/Identificar Por qu Samuel Slater es
1. a. Describe What were the factors of production that conocido como el Padre de la Industria Estadounidense?
helped produce an Industrial Revolution in Great Britain?/ b. Draw Conclusions How do you think visitors reacted when
Describir Cules fueron los factores de produccin que they saw the Lowell mills?/Sacar conclusiones Cmo crees
contribuyeron a producir una revolucin industrial en Gran que reaccionaban los visitantes cuando vean las fbricas de
Bretaa? Lowell?
b. Identify Cause and Effect What effect did changes in Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
agriculture have on the Industrial Revolution?/Identificar
causa y efecto Qu efecto tuvieron los cambios de la agri-
5. Categorize Use your notes and a graphic organizer like the
one below to show how various factors helped start the Indus-
cultura sobre la revolucin industrial?
trial Revolution./Crear categoras Usa tus notas y un orga-
c. Rate Which condition in mid-1700s England do you think nizador grfico como el siguiente para mostrar cmo varios
was most crucial to the birth of the Industrial Revolution? factores ayudaron al comienzo de la revolucin industrial.
Explain your answer./Calificar Cul de las condiciones de
Inglaterra a mediados del siglo XVIII consideras que fue cru- Factors in the Start of the Industrial Revolution/
cial para el nacimiento de la revolucin industrial? Explica tu Factores en el comienzo de la revolucin industrial
respuesta. Government/ Agriculture/ Land/ Labor/ Capital/
2. a. Identify What did Richard Arkwright invent?/ Gobierno Agricultura Tierra Mano de obra Capital
Identificar Qu invent Richard Arkwright?
b. Infer Why did some people not like the arrival of
machines?/Inferir Por qu a algunas personas no les agra-
daba la llegada de las mquinas?
c. Predict What effect might the shift from cottages to fac- FOCUS ON WRITING
tories have on the lives of textile workers and on towns and
cities?/Hacer predicciones Qu efecto puede haber tenido ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
sobre las vidas de los trabajadores textiles y sobre los pueblos 6. Persuasion Imagine that you are a highly skilled millworker
y ciudades el cambio de trabajar en el hogar a trabajar en las living in Great Britain in about 1800. Write an outline for the
fbricas? main points you would make to government officials to per-
3. a. Recall What industry stimulated the widespread use of suade them that you should be allowed to go to the United
steam engines?/Recordar Qu industria estimul el uso States to start a textile business./Persuasin Imagina que
generalizado de mquinas a vapor? eres un trabajador altamente capacitado de la industria
b. Evaluate How do you think people justified the use of textil viviendo en Gran Bretaa alrededor de 1800. Escribe
children doing hard labor in coal mines?/Evaluar Cmo un esquema de los principales argumentos que usaras ante
crees que las personas justificaban el uso de nios para hacer funcionarios del gobierno para persuadirlos de que deben
trabajos duros en las minas de carbn? permitirte ir a Estados Unidos para iniciar una empresa textil.
Differences in . . ./Diferencias en . . .
towns/ciudades
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, b. Develop Why would the American system help many
palabras y personas industries grow larger and richer?/Desarrollar Por qu el
1. a. Describe How did the textile business work when it was a sistema estadounidense contribuy a que muchas industrias
cottage industry?/Describir Cmo funcionaba el negocio se hicieran ms grandes y ms ricas?
textil cuando era una industria casera?
Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
b. Compare List some advantages and disadvantages of
5. Analyze Use your notes to fill in a chart like the one below
cottage industry./Comparar Enumera algunas ventajas y
by analyzing the effects of the factory system. Who do you
desventajas de las industrias caseras.
think benefited the most and least from the changes?/
2. a. Recall Why were early factory towns unhealthy?/Recor- Analizar Usa tus notas para completar una tabla como la
dar Por qu los primeros pueblos fabriles eran insalubres? siguiente en la que analices los efectos del sistema fabril.
b. Explain Why was factory work especially dangerous for Quin crees que se benefici ms y quin menos con los
children?/Explicar Por qu el trabajo en fbricas era espe- cambios?
cialmente peligroso para los nios?
Industrial Production/
c. Infer If working in factories and living in the cities was Produccin Industrial
so terrible, why did people stay?/Inferir Si el trabajo en las Advantages/ Disadvantages/
fbricas y la vida en las ciudades era tan terrible, por qu se Ventajas Desventajas
quedaban las personas?
3 a. Identify What was the structure of authority within the
new factories?/Identificar Cul era la estructura de autori-
dad dentro de las nuevas fbricas?
FOCUS ON WRITING
b. Infer What factors combined to keep workers wages
low?/Inferir Qu factores se combinaban para mantener ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
bajos los salarios de los obreros?
c. Evaluate Why might workers have been reluctant to hold a
6. Narration Write a paragraph or two in which you describe
the changes that a typical English town and its residents
strike in the early years of the factory system?/Evaluar Por
might have experienced in the 1800s as industries developed
qu sera que los obreros no estaban dispuestos a hacer huel-
in the town./Narracin Escribe un prrafo o dos en los que
gas en los primeros aos del sistema fabril?
describas los cambios que un tpico pueblo ingls y sus resi-
4. a. Define What were the two main components of the Amer- dentes podran haber experimentado en el siglo XIX a medida
ican system of mass production?/Definir Cules eran los que se desarrollaban industrias a su alrededor.
dos componentes principales del sistema estadounidense de
produccin en masa?
Industrial Revolution/
Revolucin industrial
RESPONSES TO CAPITALISM/RESPUESTAS
AL CAPITALISMO
Some thinkers blamed capitalism for poor working
conditions and the gap between rich and poor. So
they proposed other economic systems. Robert
Owen supported socialism, the theory that for the
Underline the definition
good of all, society as a whole or the government of socialism. What was
should own property and control industry. He used New Harmony?/Subraya la
his model industrial town in Scotland to show how definicin de socialismo.
Qu era Nueva Armona?
socialism could work. Then, in 1825, Owen started
a community called New Harmony in Indiana. New _______________________
Harmony was to be a utopia, or ideal community.
The belief that such a community can solve societys
problems is called utopianism./Algunos pensadores
culparon al capitalismo por las malas condiciones
laborales y por la brecha entre los ricos y los pobres.
Entonces propusieron otros sistemas econmicos.
Robert Owen apoyaba el socialismo, la teora de
que, para el bien de todos, la sociedad en su totalidad
o el gobierno debe tener propiedades y controlar la
industria. Us su ciudad industrial modelo en Escocia
para demostrar cmo poda funcionar el socialismo.
Luego, en 1825, Owen fund una comunidad llamada
Nueva Armona en Indiana. Nueva Armona era una
utopa, o comunidad ideal. La creencia de que ese tipo
de comunidades poda resolver los problemas de la
sociedad es denominada utopismo.
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Technological Advances/
Avances tecnolgicos
ADVANCES IN TRANSPORTATION/
ADELANTOS EN TRANSPORTES
Advances in transportation made it possible to move
people and goods more quickly and at less cost.
How did the Bessemer
The railroad system expanded when the Bessemer process lead to the
process, invented by William Kelly and Henry expansion of the
Bessemer, made steel much stronger by burning railroads?/De qu manera
el proceso Bessemer
out impurities. The Bessemer process also cut the contribuy a la expansin
cost of making steel. Factories began to make more de los ferrocarriles?
locomotives and railroad tracks. Steel also was
_______________________
used to make the bridges the trains would cross. By
1840, there were 3,000 miles of railroad tracks in _______________________
the eastern U.S. Just 20 years later, 30,000 miles of _______________________
tracks connected the countrys major cities. With this
ADVANCES IN COMMUNICATIONS/
ADELANTOS EN LAS COMUNICACIONES
The 1800s and early 1900s brought many changes
in the ways people communicate. In 1837, Samuel
Morse used electricity to send messages with his
invention, the telegraph. Telegraphs used a code
How did telegraphs work?/
Morse also invented to transmit pulses over wires. Cmo funcionaban los
These long and short pulses represented letters. By telgrafos?
putting telegraph wires along railroad lines, people _______________________
were able to send messages at train stations./El siglo
_______________________
XIX y el principio del siglo XX trajeron muchos
cambios en las formas de comunicacin de las _______________________
personas. En 1837, Samuel Morse us la electricidad
para enviar mensajes con su invento, el telgrafo. Los
telgrafos usaban un cdigo, tambin inventado por
Morse, para transmitir pulsos a travs de cables. Estos
pulsos largos y cortos representaban letras. Como los
cables de telgrafo se tendieron a lo largo de las lneas
de ferrocarril, las personas podan enviar sus mensajes
desde las estaciones de trenes.
The invention of the telegraph led to Alexander
Graham Bells creation of the telephone. The
telephone became widely used during the 1880s
thanks to the thousands of miles of phone lines that
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, daily life in the late 1800s? Explain your answer./
palabras y personas Evaluar Crees que el telgrafo, el telfono, la radio y el
fongrafo pueden haber tenido efectos positivos y negativos
1. a. Recall What did Michael Faraday invent?/Recordar
en la vida diaria de fines del siglo XIX? Explica tu respuesta.
Qu invent Michael Faraday?
b. Draw Conclusions What impact did electricity have on Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
industry?/Sacar conclusiones Qu impacto tuvo la electri- 4. Identify Supporting Details Use your notes and a graphic
cidad en la industria? organizer like this one to record details that support the main
c. Evaluate Assess the validity of this statement: Thomas idea about one type of technological advance. Write the sub-
Edison contributed to all aspects of electrical technol- sections main idea in the center circle./Identificar detalles
ogy./Evaluar Evala la validez de la siguiente afirmacin: de apoyo Usa tus notas y un organizador grfico como el
Thomas Edison contribuy a todos los aspectos de la tec- siguiente para anotar detalles que apoyen la idea principal
nologa elctrica. sobre un tipo de adelanto tecnolgico. Escribe la idea princi-
2. a. Define What is the Bessemer process?/Definir Qu es pal de la subseccin en el crculo central.
el proceso Bessemer?
b. Explain What advantages did rail travel have over canal
and river travel?/Explicar Qu ventajas tena el viaje en
tren con respecto al viaje por canales y ros?
c. Develop What advantages did the automobile provide?/
Desarrollar Qu ventajas brindaba el automvil?
3. a. Define What is the telegraph?/Definir Qu es el FOCUS ON WRITING
telgrafo?
ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
b. Analyze How did advances in communication technology
change the way people lived in the late 1800s?/Analizar 5. Narrative Write a paragraph that tells the story of one
Cmo cambiaron los adelantos en la tecnologa de las comu- of the advances in technology during the 1800s. Include
nicaciones la manera de vivir de las personas a fines del siglo details from this section./Narrativa Escribe un prrafo en el
XIX? que relates la historia de uno de los adelantos tecnolgicos
c. Evaluate Do you think the telegraph, telephone, radio, and durante el siglo XIX. Incluye detalles de esta seccin.
phonograph could have had positive and negative effects on
Sciences/Ciencias
Medicine/Medicina
MEDICAL BREAKTHROUGHS/ADELANTOS
MDICOS
Medicine saw great advancements during this
What are three of
time. French chemist Louis Pasteur was the first Louis Pasteurs
to show that bacteria, or germs, can cause disease. accomplishments?/Cules
He also showed that bacteria are always present in son tres de los logros de
Louis Pasteur?
the air around us and that they cause fermentation.
An example of fermentation is milk going sour. By _______________________
heating liquids and foods to a high temperature, _______________________
the bacteria is killed so that fermentation will not
_______________________
happen. This process is called pasteurization. In
addition to these breakthroughs, Pasteur developed
the first vaccines, for anthrax and rabies./La medicina
experiment grandes adelantos durante esta poca.
El qumico francs Louis Pasteur fue el primero
en demostrar que las bacterias, o grmenes, pueden
causar enfermedades. Tambin demostr que las
bacterias estn siempre en el aire que nos rodea y
que ellas provocan la fermentacin. Un ejemplo de
fermentacin es cuando la leche se vuelve agria.
Cuando los lquidos y los alimentos se calientan a
altas temperaturas, las bacterias mueren y se evita la
fermentacin. Este proceso se llama pasteurizacin.
Adems de estos adelantos, Pasteur desarroll las
primeras vacunas, para el ntrax y para la rabia.
The new understanding of disease and infection led
to changes in how medicine was practiced. Doctors
began to use anesthetic in order to reduce pain or
make patients unconscious so they could perform
pain-free surgeries. In the 1860s, English surgeon
Joseph Lister developed antiseptic to clean wounds
and equipment, greatly reducing hospital deaths.
More hospitals were built and the need for nurses
How did the treatment
and doctors increased. Millions of American and of medical patients
European women attended nursing school. Some change?/Cmo cambi el
women also attended medical school. One result tratamiento mdico de los
pacientes?
from these advances was a huge decrease in infant
mortality, or deaths in infancy./La nueva comprensin _______________________
de las enfermedades y las infecciones origin cambios _______________________
en la manera de practicar la medicina. Los doctores
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, dad en general el incremento de las oportunidades edu-
palabras y personas cativas en el siglo XIX?
1. a. Describe What were industrialized cities of the 1800s Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
like?/Describir Cmo eran las ciudades industrializadas del
3. Identifying Cause and Effect Copy the chart below. Use it
siglo XIX?
and your notes to describe causes and effects of urbaniza-
b. Explain How did technological innovations help make cit- tion./Identificar causa y efecto Copia la siguiente tabla.
ies more livable?/Explicar Cmo contribuyeron las innova- sala junto con tus notas para describir las causas y los efec-
ciones tecnolgicas a hacer las ciudades ms habitables? tos de la urbanizacin.
c. Evaluate Do you think the industrialized cities were better
Causes of Urbanization/ Effects of Urbanization/
places to live than the countryside in the late 1800s? Why or Causas de la urbanizacin Efectos de la urbanizacin
why not?/Evaluar Crees que las ciudades industrializadas
eran mejores lugares para vivir que las zonas rurales a fines
del siglo XIX? Por qu?
2. a. Identify What literary style did William Wordsworth fol-
low? What style did Charles Dickens follow?/Identificar FOCUS ON WRITING
Qu estilo literario segua William Wordsworth? Qu estilo
segua Charles Dickens? ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
b. Contrast How did realism differ from romanticism?/
Contrastar En qu se diferenciaba el realismo del 4. Persuasive Imagine that you live in a big city in the 1880s.
romanticismo? Write a letter to the editor of your local newspaper arguing
c. Elaborate How might increased educational opportu- for or against the development of suburbs./Persuasiva
nities have benefited society in general in the 1800s?/ Imagina que vives en una gran ciudad en la dcada de 1880.
Profundizar Cmo puede haber beneficiado a la socie- Escribe una carta al director de tu peridico local con argu-
mentos a favor o en contra del desarrollo de los suburbios.
Reforms/Reformas
Social/Sociales
Political/Polticas
Voting/Del voto
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Years/Aos
Leader/Lder
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, b. Analyze What is Zionism and how was it related to
palabras y personas anti-Semitism in Europe?/Analizar Qu es el sionismo y
1. a. Identify Who was Louis Philippe?/Identificar Quin cmo se relaciona con el antisemitismo en Europa?
era Luis Felipe? Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
b. Analyze Why was it significant that Louis Philippe wore 4. Compare and Contrast Use your notes and the graphic orga-
long pants and lived more simply than other aristocrats?/ nizer below to compare achievements of each era of French
Analizar Por qu era importante que Luis Felipe usara government. How do they compare with one another?/
pantalones largos y viviera de manera ms sencilla que otros Comparar y contrastar Usa tus notas y el siguiente orga-
aristcratas? nizador grfico para comparar los logros de cada poca del
c. Develop Why do you think it was important to some peo- gobierno francs. Cmo se comparan entre s?
ple that the new king be a citizen king?/Desarrollar Por
qu crees que para algunas personas era importante que el Government/Gobierno Achievement/Logro
nuevo rey fuera un rey ciudadano?
2. a. Recall What reforms were made during the Second
and Third republics?/Recordar Qu reformas se hicieron
durante la Segunda y Tercera repblicas?
b. Identify Cause and Effect What effect did the Revolution FOCUS ON SPEAKING
of 1848 have on the rest of Europe?/Identificar causa y
efecto Qu efecto tuvo la Revolucin de 1848 en el resto de ENFOQUE EN LA EXPRESIN ORAL
Europa?
c. Evaluate In your opinion, was Napoleon III a good 5. Narration Using information in the section, write a short
leader for France? Why or why not?/Evaluar En tu opinin, speech that tells the story of the creation of the Third Repub-
Napolen III fue un buen lder para Francia? Por qu? lic and its goals./Narracin Usando informacin de la
seccin, escribe un discurso donde cuentes la historia de la
3. a. Describe Describe the events of the Dreyfus affair./
creacin de la Tercera Repblica y sus metas.
Describir Describe los sucesos del caso Dreyfus.
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Nationalism/
Nacionalismo
Unification/
Unificacin
Challenges/
Desafos
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, b. Contrast How did social reform in Italy compare to
palabras y personas reforms in Great Britain and France during the same period?/
Contrastar Cmo se comparan las reformas sociales en
1. a. Describe What was Young Italy?/Describir Qu era
Italia con las reformas en Gran Bretaa y Francia durante el
Joven Italia?
mismo perodo?
b. Analyze Why did Mazzini think the territory lines set by
the Congress of Vienna needed to be changed?/ Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
Analizar Por qu Mazzini crea que los lmites territoriales 5. Identify Cause and Effect Use your notes from the section
fijados por el Congreso de Viena deban cambiarse? and a graphic organizer like this one to list causes and effects
c. Elaborate What effect did the Congress of Vienna have on of Italian unification. Which effects were positive? Which were
the development of nationalism in Italy?/Profundizar Qu negative?/Identificar causa y efecto Usa tus notas y un
efecto tuvo el Congreso de Viena sobre el desarrollo del organizador grfico como el siguiente para enumerar las cau-
nacionalismo en Italia? sas y los efectos de la unificacin italiana. Qu efectos fueron
2. a. Recall Who was Camillo di Cavour?/Recordar Quin positivos? Cules fueron negativos?
fue Camillo di Cavour? Causes/ Italian Effects/
b. Interpret Why did Cavour form an alliance with France?/ Causas Unification/ Efectos
Unificacin
Interpretar Por qu Cavour form una alianza con Francia? italiana
c. Develop What role could a newspaper like Il Risorgimento
play in the Italian unification movement?/Desarrollar Qu
papel pudo haber jugado un peridico como Il Risorgimento FOCUS ON WRITING
en el movimiento de unificacin italiano?
ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
3. a. Identify Who were the Red Shirts?/Identificar Quines
fueron los Camisas Rojas? 6. Persuasion Suppose you are Giuseppe Garibaldi. Write a let-
b. Interpret Given that he favored a republic, why do you ter to Camillo di Cavour, explaining why you believe a unified
think Garibaldi handed over the southern states to Victor Italy would be better off as a republic than a monarchy./
Emmanuel?/Interpretar Dado que estaba a favor de una Persuasin Imagina que eres Giuseppe Garibaldi. Escribe
repblica, por qu crees que Garibaldi entreg los estados una carta a Camillo di Cavour en la que expliques por qu
del sur a Vittorio Emmanuel? crees que una Italia unificada sera mejor repblica que una
4. a. Recall Name two problems Italy faced after unifica- monarqua.
tion./Recordar Menciona dos problemas que Italia enfrent
despus de la unificacin.
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, c. Elaborate Why do you think Germanys economy grew so
palabras y personas quickly in the years after unification?/Profundizar Por qu
1. a. Define What was the Zollverein?/Definir Qu era la crees que la economa alemana creci tan rpidamente en los
Zollverein? aos posteriores a la unificacin?
b. Explain What did the German liberals in Prussia want?/ Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
Explicar Qu queran los liberales alemanes de Prusia? 5. Identify Cause and Effect Use your notes from the section
2. a. Identify Who was Otto von Bismarck?/Identificar and a graphic organizer like this one to list causes and effects
Quin fue Otto von Bismarck? of German unification./Identificar causa y efecto Usa tus
b. Explain Why were the states of Schleswig and Holstein notas y un organizador grfico como el siguiente para enu-
significant?/Explicar Por qu eran importantes los estados merar las causas y los efectos de la unificacin alemana.
de Schleswig y Holstein?
Causes/ German Effects/
c. Evaluate In your opinion, what are the pros and cons of Causas Unification/ Efectos
the policy of realpolitik? List two pros and two cons./ Unificacin
alemana
Evaluar En tu opinin, cules son los pros y los contras de la
poltica de realpolitik? Enumera dos pros y dos contras.
FOCUS ON SPEAKING
3. a. Identify What was the North German Confederation?/
Identificar Qu era la Confederacin Alemana del Norte?
ENFOQUE EN LA EXPRESIN ORAL
b. Explain How did the Franco-Prussian War affect Ger-
man unification?/Explicar Cmo afect la Guerra 6. Exposition Imagine you are a reporter and are about to
franco-prusiana a la unificacin alemana? interview Otto von Bismarck. Write three short questions you
4. a. Identify What was the structure of government in the new will ask him about German unification./Exposicin Imagina
German Empire?/Identificar Cul era la estructura de go- que eres un reportero y ests a punto de entrevistar a Otto
bierno en el nuevo Imperio alemn? von Bismarck. Escribe tres preguntas cortas que le vas a hacer
b. Summarize How did Bismarck struggle with the church?/ sobre la unificacin alemana.
Resumir Cmo luch Bismarck con la iglesia?
Nationalism/ Nacionalismo
Austria/Austria
Hungary/Hungra
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, c. Predict How do you think the refusal of Russias czars to
palabras y personas make lasting reforms would affect Russia?/Hacer
predicciones Cmo crees que podra afectar a Rusia el
1. a. Define What is an autocracy?/Definir Qu es una
rechazo de los zares a hacer reformas duraderas?
autocracia?
b. Explain What was life like for Russias serfs?/Explicar Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
Cmo era la vida de los siervos rusos? 4. Rank Use your notes and a graphic organizer like this one
c. Evaluate Why do you think Russias czars failed to improve to rank three major problems facing Russian society in the
living conditioins for serfs?/Evaluar Por qu crees que los late 1800s and early1900s./Ordenar Usa tus notas y un
zares de Rusia no pudieron mejorar las condiciones de vida de organizador grfico como el siguiente para ordenar los tres
los siervos? problemas principales que enfrent la sociedad rusa a finales
2. a. Recall What historic action did Alexander II take in del siglo XIX y comienzos del siglo XX.
1861?/Recordar Qu medida histrica tom Alejandro II
en 1861? 1 2 3
British Rule in
Causes/ India/Gobierno Effects/
Causas britnico en la Efectos
India
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Western Actions/
Acciones occidentales
China/China
Japan/Japn
Indochina/Indochina
Siam/Siam
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, imperialisms effects on China and Japan./Comparar y con-
palabras y personas trastar Usando tus notas de la seccin y la siguiente tabla,
compara y contrasta los efectos del imperialismo europeo
1. a. Recall What were the unequal treaties?/Recordar
sobre China y Japn.
Qu eran los tratados desiguales?
b. Draw Conclusions How did European imperialism lead to Effects on Japan/ Effects on China/
problems for the Qing dynasty?/Sacar conclusiones Cmo Efectos sobre Japn Efectos sobre China
le caus problemas a la dinasta Qing el imperialismo Political/
europeo? Polticos
c. Elaborate How did the Chinese people react to the grow- Economic/
Econmicos
ing influence of Westerners in China?/Profundizar Cmo
reaccion el pueblo chino a la influencia creciente de los occi- Cultural/
Culturales
dentales en China?
Military/
2. a. Identify Who was Emperor Meiji?/Identificar Quin Militares
fue el emperador Meiji?
b. Contrast How did Japans reaction to Western imperial- FOCUS ON SPEAKING
ism differ from Chinas?/Contrastar En qu se diferenci la
reaccin de Japn al imperialismo occidental de la reaccin ENFOQUE EN LA EXPRESIN ORAL
de China?
5. Persuasion Suppose you are an official at the court of
c. Evaluate Why was Japan more successful than China in the Chinese emperor, just after Chinas defeat in the Sino-
maintaining its independence?/Evaluar Por qu Japn tuvo Japanese War. Prepare a short presentation to the emperor
ms xito que China en mantener su independencia? explaining the types of reforms China needs to make to
3. a. Recall What was the Treaty of Saigon?/Recordar Qu become a great power again./Persuasin Imagina que eres
fue el Tratado de Saign? un funcionario de la corte del emperador chino, justo despus
b. Make Generalizations How did Siam retain its indepen- de la derrota de China en la Guerra chino-japonesa. Prepara
dence?/Hacer generalizaciones Cmo conserv Siam su una presentacin corta para el emperador, en la que expli-
independencia? ques los tipos de reformas que China debe hacer para conver-
tirse en una gran potencia nuevamente.
Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
4. Compare and Contrast Using your notes from the sec-
tion and the chart below, compare and contrast European
AFRICAN RESISTANCE/RESISTENCIA
AFRICANA
Africans did not passively accept European claims
to rule over them. The Zulu people in South Africa
resisted colonialism for more than 50 years. Their
leader Shaka built a strong kingdom by subduing
neighboring peoples in the early 1800s. The British Circle the groups of African
invaded Zulu territory in 1879, eventually annexing peoples who fought against
the kingdom as a colony./Los africanos no aceptaron European imperialism./
Encierra en un crculo
pasivamente los reclamos europeos para gobernarlos.
los pueblos africanos
Los zules en Sudfrica se opusieron al colonialismo que lucharon contra el
durante ms de 50 aos. Su lder, Shaka, construy imperialismo europeo.
un reino fuerte sometiendo a los pueblos vecinos a
comienzos del siglo XIX. Los britnicos invadieron el
territorio zul en 1879 y finalmente anexaron al reino
como colonia.
Only Ethiopia remained independent because it
matched European firepower. In 1889 the emperor
of Ethiopia, Menelik II, modernized his nation and
his army. This modern army defeated Italian forces
that invaded Ethiopia in 1895./Solamente Etiopa
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, b. Draw Conclusions How did Ethiopians under Menelik II
palabras y personas defeat the Italians?/Sacar conclusiones Cmo derrotaron
1. a. Define What is Social Darwinism?/Definir Qu es el a los italianos los etopes bajo Menelik II?
darwinismo social? Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
b. Explain Why did European nations want raw materi- 4. Sequence Using your notes, make a list of the key events in
als from Africa?/Explicar Por qu las naciones europeas European imperialism in Africa. Then organize the events on
queran las materias primas de frica? a time line like the one below./Ordenar Usando tus notas,
c. Evaluate What drove European leaders to claim African haz una lista de los sucesos clave del imperialismo europeo en
territory?/Evaluar Qu llev a los lderes europeos a recla- frica. Despus, organiza los sucesos en una lnea cronolgica
mar territorio africano? como la siguiente.
2. a. Recall What advances in technology made European
domination of Africa possible?/Recordar Qu adelantos
tecnolgicos hicieron posible la dominacin europea de
frica? FOCUS ON WRITING
b. Explain What was the purpose of the Berlin Confer-
ence?/Explicar Cul era el objetivo de la Conferencia de
ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
Berln? 5. Narration Write a brief news report on the Battle of Adowa.
c. Support a Position Do you think Leopold II should have Use chronological order to tell what happened from the
claimed the Belgian Congo for himself? Why or why not?/ beginning to the end of the battle./Narracin Escribe un
Defender una posicin Crees que Leopoldo II debi haber breve informe de noticias sobre la batalla de Adowa. Usa el
reclamado el Congo belga para s mismo? Por qu? orden cronolgico para contar qu sucedi desde el comienzo
3. a. Identify Who were the Zulu?/Identificar Quines eran hasta el fin de la batalla.
los zules?
1820 1920
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, b. Analyze How did the construction of trenches affect the
palabras y personas war in 1914?/Analizar Cmo afect a la guerra la construc-
1. a. Identify What were the Triple Alliance and the Triple cin de trincheras en 1914?
Entente?/Identificar Qu eran la Triple Alianza y la Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
Triple Entente?
4. Identify Cause and Effect Using your notes on the sec-
b. Explain Why do you think European governments tion and a graphic organizer like the one below, explain how
expanded the size of their armed forces?/Explicar Por qu the events of the late 1800s and early 1900s led up to the
crees que los gobiernos europeos aumentaron el tamao de outbreak of World War I./Identificar causa y efecto Usa
sus fuerzas armadas? tus notas sobre la seccin y un organizador grfico como el
c. Draw Conclusions How did the incresed size and power of siguiente para explicar cmo los sucesos de finales del siglo
military forces make fighting more likely?/Sacar conclusio- XIX y comienzos del siglo XX condujeron al estallido de la
nes Por qu el aumento del tamao y poder de las fuerzas Primera Guerra Mundial.
militares hizo ms probables los conflictos?
2. a. Describe What was the crime that led to the start of
World War I?/Describir Cul fue el crimen que condujo al
comienzo de la Primera Guerra Mundial? FOCUS ON SPEAKING
b. Make Inferences After Franz Ferdinand was killed, why
do you think that Austria-Hungary chose to take the actions ENFOQUE EN LA EXPRESIN ORAL
it did?/Inferir Despus de la muerte de Franz Ferdinand,
por qu crees que el Imperio austrohngaro decidi actuar 5. Persuasion Write notes for a speech that a European leader
como lo hizo? trying to prevent the outbreak of war might have given
in July 1914. Use details from the chapter in your notes./
c. Develop How might Germany have worked to stop the Persuasin Escribe notas para un discurso que podra haber
war from the beginning?/Desarrollar Qu podra haber dado un lder europeo en un intento por evitar el estallido de
hecho Alemania para detener la guerra desde el comienzo? la guerra en julio de 1914. Usa detalles del captulo en tus
3. a. Recall What forces fought in the wars first major battle?/ notas.
Recordar Qu fuerzas se enfrentaron en la primera batalla
importante de la guerra?
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, predicciones Cmo crees que el malestar poltico despus
palabras y personas de la Primera Guerra Mundial afectar al mundo en los aos
posteriores?
1. a. Describe What role did U-boats have in World War I?/
Describir Qu papel tuvieron los U-boats en la Primera Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
Guerra Mundial?
5. Identify Cause and Effect Using your notes on the section
b. Identify Cause and Effect Why did the United States and a graphic organizer like the one below, explain what you
enter the war in 1917?/Identificar causa y efecto Por qu believe was the most significant effect of World War I./Iden-
crees que Estados Unidos entr en la guerra en 1917? tificar causa y efecto Usa tus notas sobre la seccin y un
2. a. Recall What was the outcome of Germanys last offen- organizador grfico como el siguiente para explicar el efecto
sive?/Recordar Cul fue el resultado de la ltima ofensiva que consideres ms importante de la Primera Guerra Mundial.
de Alemania?
World War I/
b. Explain What effect did U.S. troops have on war?/Expli- Primera Guerra
car Qu efecto tuvieron las tropas estadounidenses en la Mundial
guerra?
3. a. Describe How did the Treaty of Versailles affect Ger- FOCUS ON WRITING
many?/Describir Cmo afect el Tratado de Versalles a
Alemania? ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
b. Compare and Contrast How did the various Allied goals
for peace differ?/Comparar y contrastar En qu se diferen- 6. Description Choose one of the three types of costs of World
ciaban los diversos objetivos de los Aliados para la paz? War Ihuman, economic, or political. Write a newspaper
article explaining those costs./Descripcin Elige uno de los
4. a. Recall What event that began in 1918 added to the suf-
tres tipos de costos de la Primera Guerra Mundial: humanos,
fering caused by the fighting in World War I?/Recordar Qu
econmicos o polticos. Escribe un artculo de prensa en el que
suceso que comenz en 1918 empeor el sufrimiento provo-
expliques esos costos.
cado por los combates de la Primera Guerra Mundial?
b. Predict How do you think the political unrest after World
War I will affect the world in the years that follow?/Hacer
Rise of
Nationalism/
Surgimiento del
nacionalismo
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, agitacin poltica y econmica en Europa pudo haber hecho
palabras y personas que las personas estuvieran ms dispuestas a aceptar a un
dictador?
1. a. Describe What role did credit play in the success of the
U.S. economy in the 1920s?/Describir Qu papel desem- Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
peaba el crdito en el xito de la economa estadounidense
4. Compare and Contrast Use your notes on the section to
en la dcada de 1920?
compare and contrast the Great Depression in the United
b. Identify Cause and Effect How did the success of the States and in the rest of the World./Comparar y contras-
stock market in the 1920s contribute to its collapse?/Identi- tar Usa tus notas sobre la seccin para comparar y contrastar
ficar causa y efecto Cmo contribuy el xito del mercado la Gran Depresin en Estados Unidos y en el resto del mundo.
de valores en la dcada de 1920 a su colapso?
2. a. Identify How did the slowdown in American indus- United States/ World/
try affect the economy?/Identificar Cmo afecto a la Estados Unidos Mundo
economa la disminucin de la industria estadounidense?
b. Compare and Contrast Compare and contrast the policies
of Herbert Hoover and Franklin Delano Roosevelt/Com- FOCUS ON WRITING
parar y contrastar Compara y contrasta las polticas de
Herbert Hoover y Franklin Delano Roosevelt. ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
3. a. Recall Why and how did the Great Depression spread 5. Exposition Write a letter that someone who lost his or her
from the United States to other countries?/Recordar Por job in the Great Depression might have written to a friend./
qu y cmo se expandi la Gran Depresin de Estados Uni- Presentacin Escribe una carta que podra haber enviado
dos a otros pases? a un amigo alguien que perdi su empleo durante la Gran
b. Elaborate Why do you think economical and political Depresin.
turmoil in Europe may have made some people more willing
to accept a dictator?/Profundizar Por qu piensas que la
Japanese Imperialism/
Imperialismo japons
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Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, b. Identify Cause and Effect What was the significance of
palabras y personas the attack of Pearl Harbor in terms of American public opin-
ion?/Identificar causa y efecto Cul fue la importancia
1. a. Identify What are some examples of Hitlers growing mili-
del ataque a Pearl Harbor en cuanto a la opinin pblica
tary aggression in the late 1930s?/Identificar Cules son
estadounidense?
algunos ejemplos de la creciente agresividad militar de Hitler
a finales de la dcada de 1930? Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
b. Compare and Contrast Compare and contrast Germanys 5. Sequence Use your notes and a graphic organizer like this
actions in Rhineland, Austria, and Czechoslovakia./Comparar one to explain how events of the 1930s led to the outbreak
y contrastar Compara y contrasta las acciones de Alemania of World War II. How did the world react to each event./Orde-
en Renania, Austria y Checoslovaquia. nar Usa tus notas y un organizador grfico como el siguiente
c. Evaluate How would you describe Neville Chamberlains para explicar cmo los sucesos de la dcada de 1930 llevaron
policy toward Hitler in the late 1930s?/Evaluar Cmo al estallido de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Cmo reaccion
describiras la poltica de Neville Chamberlain para con Hitler el mundo ante cada suceso?
a finales de la dcada de 1930?
2. a. Recall Who were the Axis Powers?/Recordar Cules
eran las Potencias del Eje?
b. Make Inferences Why do you think Hitler sought allies in
the late 1930s?/Inferir Por qu piensas que Hitler buscaba FOCUS ON SPEAKING
aliados a finales de la dcada de 1930?
c. Evaluate What do you think about Stalins decision to ENFOQUE EN LA EXPRESIN ORAL
make a deal with Hitler rather than trust the British and
6. Persuasion Write a brief conversation between Neville
French to help stop the Germans? Explain./Evaluar Qu
Chamberlain and Winston Churchill. In your conversation,
piensas de la decisin de Stalin de hacer un trato con Hitler en
have the speakers discuss what Great Britain should do about
lugar de confiar en los franceses y los ingleses para detener a
Germanys increasingly aggressive actions./Persuasin Es-
los alemanes? Explica.
cribe una conversacin breve entre Neville Chamberlain y
3. a. Recall What event marked the start of World War II?/ Winston Churchill. En la conversacin, haz que los interlocu-
Recordar Qu suceso marc el comienzo de la Segunda tores analicen qu debe hacer Gran Bretaa ante las acciones
Guerra Mundial? cada vez ms agresivas de Alemania.
b. Compare and Contrast Describe Germanys successes
and failures in France, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union./
Comparar y contrastar Describe las victorias y fracasos de
Alemania en Francia, Gran Bretaa y la Unin Sovitica.
4. a. Recall What events led up to the Japanese attack on Pearl
Harbor?/Recordar Qu sucesos precedieron el ataque de
los japoneses a Pearl Harbor?
Allied
Success/
xito de los
Aliados
A TURNING POINT IN THE SOVIET UNION/ Why did civilians die during
UN MOMENTO DECISIVO EN LA UNIN the Siege of Leningrad?/
SOVITICA Por qu murieron
In 1941 Hitler ordered a blockade of Leningrad, in civiles durante el sitio de
Leningrado?
the Soviet Union. Known as the Siege of Leningrad,
it was designed to weaken the city by preventing _______________________
supplies from entering. A million Russian civilians _______________________
died, with as many as 4,000 people starving to death _______________________
each day. In 1942 German forces seemed to be on
the verge of taking Stalingrad, a large port city where
military equipment was made and shipped, along with
other goods, throughout the Soviet Union. The Battle
Why would the loss of
of Stalingrad was one of the wars most brutal. A Stalingrad have been a
million Russian soldiers died defending the city. In major threat to the Allies?/
the end it was a defeat for Hitler. It was an important Por qu la prdida de
Stalingrado habra sido
turning point in the Allies favor, and the beginning una gran amenaza para los
of the end for Hitler./En 1941, Hitler orden un Aliados?
bloqueo de Leningrado, en la Unin Sovitica. Se
_______________________
conoci como el sitio de Leningrado y se dise
para debilitar la ciudad impidiendo la llegada de _______________________
suministros. Murieron un milln de civiles rusos: _______________________
hasta 4,000 personas moran de hambre por da. En
1942, las fuerzas alemanas parecan estar a punto de
tomar Stalingrado, una gran ciudad portuaria en la que
se fabricaban y embarcaban artefactos militares junto
con otros productos para toda la Unin Sovitica. La
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL WW2 HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, b. Elaborate Why was the outcome of the Battle of Mid-
palabras y personas way so important to the Allies?/Profundizar Por qu el
resultado de la batalla de Midway fue tan importante para
1. a. Recall What was the key German weapon in the battle
los Aliados?
for the Atlantic?/Recordar Cul era el arma clave de los
alemanes en la batalla por el Atlntico? Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
b. Identify Cause and Effect What helped lead to the 5. Identify Cause and Effect Use your notes for this section
increasing Allied success in the battle for control of the Atlan- and a chart like the one below to identify the main turning
tic?/Identificar causa y efecto Qu contribuy al xito de points of the war in 19421943/Identificar causa y efec-
los Aliados en la lucha por el control del Atlntico? to Usa tus notas de la seccin y una tabla como la siguiente
2. a. Identify What was the significance of the Battle of para identificar los momentos decisivos ms importantes de
El Alamein?/Identificar Cul fue la importancia de la la guerra en 1942 y 1943.
batalla de El Alamein?
Turning
b. Sequence What were the main events leading up to the Points/Momentos
Allied invasion of Italy?/Ordenar Cules fueron los princi- decisivos
pales sucesos que llevaron a la invasin de Italia por parte de
los Aliados?
3. a. Identify What was the significance of the Battle of Stal-
ingrad?/Identificar Cul fue la importancia de la batalla
de Stalingrado? FOCUS ON WRITING
b. Evaluate How did the stubbornness of both Hitler and Sta-
lin affect the outcome of the Battle of Stalingrad?/Evaluar ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
Cmo afect la obstinacin de Hitler y Stalin el resultado de
la batalla de Stalingrado? 6. Description Write a one-paragraph letter home from the
viewpoint of a civilian of Stalingrad during the Battle of Stal-
4. a. Identify What was the first major battle in World War II
ingrad. In your letter, describe the battle and its outcome./
that stopped the Japanese advance?/Identificar Cul fue
Descripcin Escribe una carta de un prrafo desde el punto
la primera batalla importante de la Segunda Guerra Mundial
de vista de un civil de Stalingrado durante la batalla de Stalin-
que detuvo el avance de los japoneses?
grado. En la carta, describe la batalla y su resultado.
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL WW2 HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, c. Predict What might have happened if the Allies had
palabras y personas made liberating the Jews a priority early in the War?/Hacer
1. a. Describe What was the official Nazi policy toward Jews predicciones Qu podra haber pasado si los Aliados hubie-
prior to World War II?/Describir Cul era la poltica oficial ran hecho de la liberacin de los judos una prioridad en una
de los nazis respecto de los judos antes de la Segunda Guerra etapa ms temprana de la guerra?
Mundial? Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
b. Identify Cause and Effect What were the effects of Nazi 4. Sequence Copy the chart below and use your notes from the
anti-Jewish policies on Germanys Jewish population?/Iden- section to describe the main events of the Holocaust./Orde-
tificar causa y efecto Cules fueron los efectos de las nar Copia la siguiente tabla y usa tus notas de la seccin
polticas de los nazis contra los judos en la poblacin juda de para describir los sucesos ms importantes del Holocausto.
Alemania?
2. a. Identify What was the Nazi governments Final Solu-
tion?/Identificar Qu era la Solucin Final del gobierno
nazi?
FOCUS ON WRITING
b. Contrast Contrast Nazi policies toward Jews before and
after the start of the war./Contrastar Contrasta las polticas ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
nazis hacia los judos antes y despus del comienzo de la
guerra. 5. Persuasion Could the Allies have done more to lessen the
c. Elaborate Why did the Germans build death camps?/ loss of life during the Holocaust? If so, what actions should
Profundizar Por qu los alemanes construan campos de the Allies have taken? Using information from the section,
exterminio? write a newspaper editorial that presents your views./Per-
suasin Podran los Aliados haber hecho ms por disminuir
3. a. Identify What was the significance of the War Refugee la prdida de vidas durante el Holocausto? Si es as, qu
Board?/Identificar Cul fue la importancia de la Junta de deberan haber hecho? Usando la informacin de la seccin,
Refugiados de Guerra? escribe un editorial de peridico en el que presentes tus pun-
b. Analyze Why did the Allies fail to take more actions to tos de vista.
stop the Nazi killing of Jews?/Analizar Por qu los Aliados
no hicieron ms por detener la matanza de judos por parte de
los nazis?
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL WW2 HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, b. Evaluate How do you think the coordination of military
palabras y personas efforts may have helped the Allies in World War II?/
Evaluar Cmo piensas que la coordinacin de las campaas
1. a. Identify What was the significance of D-Day in the war in
militares puede haber ayudado a los Aliados en la Segunda
Europe?/Identificar Cul fue la importancia del Da D en
Guerra Mundial?
la guerra en Europa?
b. Identify Cause and Effect How did the Allies careful Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
planning pay off in the D-Day invasion?/Identificar causa y 4. Explain Copy the chart below and use your notes from the
efecto Qu efectos positivos tuvo la planificacin cuidadosa section to explain what led to the end of the war./Explicar
de los Aliados en la invasin del Da D? Copia la siguiente tabla y usa tus notas de la seccin para
c. Predict If the D-Day invasion had failed, how might the explicar qu llev al fin de la guerra.
outcome of the war have been different?/Hacer prediccio-
nes Si la invasin del Da D hubiera fallado, cmo habra End of War/
cambiado el resultado de la guerra? Fin de la guerra
Problems/ Problemas
Containment/ Contencin
Confrontations/ Confrontaciones
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL ENA HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, b. Evaluate Was the Korean War a success for the United
palabras y personas States? Explain your answer./Evaluar La guerra de Corea
fue un xito para Estados Unidos? Explica tu respuesta.
1. a. Describe What questions about postwar Europe did the
Allies face?/Describir Qu preguntas sobre la Europa de la Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
posguerra enfrentaban los Aliados?
4. Identify Supporting Details Using your notes on the sec-
b. Infer Why do you think the Allies decided to divide Ger- tion, identify the causes of the Cold War and its effects during
many into four zones of occupation?/Inferir Por qu crees these early years./Identificar detalles de apoyo Usando tus
que los Aliados decidieron dividir Alemania en cuatro zonas notas de la seccin, identifica las causas de la Guerra Fra y
de ocupacin? sus efectos durante estos primeros aos.
c. Evaluate How did Soviet plans for Eastern Europe differ
Causes/ Effects/
from those of the other Allies?/Evaluar En qu se diferen- Causas Efectos
ciaban los planes de los soviticos de los de los otros Aliados
para Europa oriental?
2. a. Identify Identify the following: iron curtain, Truman FOCUS ON WRITING
Doctrine, Marshall Plan/Identificar Identifica los siguien-
tes trminos: cortina de hierro, Doctrina Truman, Plan
ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
Marshall
b. Make Inferences Why do you think president Truman 5. Exposition Write a paragraph that summarizes Soviet
believed that poverty and suffering created conditions in actions in Europe after World War II. Be sure to include details
which Communism might spread?/Inferir Por qu crees que from the section./Exposicin Escribe un prrafo en el que
el presidente Truman crea que la pobreza y el sufrimiento resumas las acciones soviticas en Europa despus de la
creaban condiciones en las que el comunismo poda Segunda Guerra Mundial. Asegrate de incluir detalles de la
difundirse? seccin.
3. a. Recall What were two major conflicts between the East
and the West in the late 1940s and early 1950s?/Recordar
Cules fueron dos conflictos importantes entre Oriente y
Occidente a finales de la dcada de 1940 y principios de la
dcada de 1950?
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL ENA HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, b. Evaluate What do you think of the reasoning behind the
palabras y personas Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty?/Evaluar Qu crees del razona-
miento en que se basaba el Tratado de Misiles Antibalsticos?
1. a. Recall What were some of the key technological develop-
ments affecting the Cold War in the 1950s?/Recordar Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
Cules eran algunos de los adelantos tecnolgicos que afec-
4. Evaluate Using your notes on the section and a graphic
taron la Guerra Fra en la dcada de 1950?
organizer like the one below, identify the five most impor-
b. Explain How did an arms race develop between the tant events of the Cold War and rank them in their order of
Soviet Union and the United States?/Explicar Cmo se importance./Evaluar Usando tus notas sobre la seccin y
desarroll una carrera armamentista entre la Unin Sovi- un organizador grfico como el siguiente, identifica los cinco
tica y Estados Unidos? sucesos ms importantes de la Guerra Fra y ordnalos segn
c. Evaluate Do you believe that deterrence was the best su importancia.
strategy to prevent nuclear war?/Evaluar Crees que la
disuasin era la mejor estrategia para evitar una guerra
nuclear?
2. a. Identify What was the significance of the Cuban missile FOCUS ON SPEAKING
crisis?/Identificar Cul fue la importancia de la crisis de
los misiles en Cuba? ENFOQUE EN LA EXPRESIN ORAL
b. Explain Why did the Cold War spread around the world?/ 5. Exposition Write a brief conversation that two U.S. officials
Explicar Por qu la Guerra Fra se expandi por el mundo? might have had during the Cuban missile crisis. The topic of
c. Make Judgments Do you think the United States was justi- the conversation should be possible ways to resolve the cri-
fied in supporting the overthrow of Communist governments sis./Exposicin Escribe una conversacin breve que puedan
during the Cold War?/Dar opiniones Crees que Estados haber tenido dos funcionarios de Estados Unidos durante la
Unidos tena motivos para apoyar el derrocamiento de los crisis de los misiles en Cuba. El tema de la conversacin deben
gobiernos comunistas durante la Guerra Fra? ser posibles soluciones para la crisis.
3. a. Recall What were some of the arms control agreements
reached during the Cold War?/Recordar Cules eran algu-
nos de los acuerdos de control de armas alcanzados durante
la Guerra Fra?
Europe/Europa
used the G.I. Bill to buy homes and pay for college.
Describe how U.S. society
Many started families, leading to a baby boom. changed during the 1960s
Segregation ended in the armed forces and in public and 1970s./Describe
schools. A civil rights campaign led by Martin cmo cambi la sociedad
estadounidense durante las
Luther King Jr. exposed racial inequities and won dcadas de 1960 y 1970.
reforms, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and
_______________________
Voting Rights Act of 1965. These victories inspired
a renewed womans movement. In the 1960s the _______________________
counterculturea rebellion of young people against _______________________
mainstream societyspread around the country. Many
_______________________
young people questioned the Vietnam War./Al subir el
nivel de vida en Estados Unidos durante la posguerra,
la sociedad cambi. Los antiguos soldados usaban
la G.I. Bill, una ley de programas de ayuda para
veteranos de guerra, para comprar casas y pagar la
universidad. Muchos formaron familias, provocando
un boom de la natalidad. Termin la segregacin
en las fuerzas armadas y las escuelas pblicas. Una
campaa por los derechos civiles liderada por Martin
Luther King Jr. expuso las desigualdades raciales
y logr reformas entre las que estaban la Ley de
Derechos Civiles de 1964 y la Ley del Derecho al
Voto de 1965. Estas victorias inspiraron un renovado
movimiento femenino. En la dcada de 1960, se
difundi la contracultura, una rebelin de las
personas jvenes contra la cultura masiva. Muchos
jvenes cuestionaban la Guerra de Vietnam.
Canada experienced similar changes. Although
some Canadians supported U.S. involvement in
Vietnam, Canada sheltered Americans who fled the
military draft. In the 1960s, the Quiet Revolution What was the Quiet
Revolution?/Qu era la
spread across Quebec as nationalism and calls for revolucin silenciosa?
separation from the rest of Canada increased among
_______________________
the provinces French-speaking residents./Canad
experiment cambios parecidos. Aunque algunos _______________________
canadienses apoyaban la participacin de Estados
Unidos en Vietnam, Canad dio refugio a los
estadounidenses que escapaban de la conscripcin.
En la dcada de 1960, se expandi por Quebec la
Revolucin silenciosa a medida que aumentaban el
nacionalismo y los pedidos de separacin del resto de
Canad que hacan las provincias con residentes que
hablaban francs.
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL ENA HP
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL ENA HP
Asia/Asia
Section/Seccin 1
Partition/
Particin
Asia/Asia
Section/Seccin 1
Asia/Asia
Section/Seccin 1
Asia/Asia
Section/Seccin 1
Asia/Asia
Section/Seccin 1
Asia/Asia
Section/Seccin 1
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL ASA HP
Asia/Asia
Section/Seccin 2
Asia/Asia
Section/Seccin 2
Vietnam/Vietnam
Indonesia/Indonesia
Cambodia/Camboya
Asia/Asia
Section/Seccin 2
Asia/Asia
Section/Seccin 2
Asia/Asia
Section/Seccin 2
Asia/Asia
Section/Seccin 2
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL ASA HP
Asia/Asia
Section/Seccin 3
Asia/Asia
Section/Seccin 3
Takeover/
Toma del poder
Under Mao/
Gobierno de Mao
After Mao/
Despus de Mao
Asia/Asia
Section/Seccin 3
Asia/Asia
Section/Seccin 3
Asia/Asia
Section/Seccin 3
Asia/Asia
Section/Seccin 3
Asia/Asia
Section/Seccin 3
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL ASA HP
Asia/Asia
Section/Seccin 4
Causes/Causas
Growth/Crecimiento
Effects/Efectos
Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Asia/Asia
Section/Seccin 4
Asia/Asia
Section/Seccin 4
Asia/Asia
Section/Seccin 4
Asia/Asia
Section/Seccin 4
Asia/Asia
Section/Seccin 4
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL ASA HP
Reviewing Key Terms and People/Repasar personas y Asian Tigers and their approach to economic growth./Hacer
palabras clave generalizaciones Describe las caractersticas fundamen-
tales de los tigres asiticos y su enfoque del crecimiento
1. a. Recall What role did the United States play in postwar
econmico.
Japan?/Recordar Qu papel desempe Estados Unidos en
el Japn de la posguerra? Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
b. Summarize Why did Japan make such an impressive 4. Compare Use your notes on the section and a graphic orga-
economic recovery after World War II?/Resumir Por qu nizer like the one below to compare economic changes in
Japn logr una recuperacin econmica tan impresionante Japan and the Asian Tigers./Comparar Usa tus notas de
despus de la Segunda Guerra Mundial? la seccin y un organizador grfico como el siguiente para
c. Make Judgments In your opinion, did Japans government, comparar los cambios econmicos de Japn y de los tigres
economy, or society change the most in the years after World asiticos.
War II? Why do you think so?/Dar opiniones En tu opinin,
qu cambi ms en los aos que siguieron a la Segunda Japan/ Asian Tigers/
Guerra Mundial: el gobierno, la economa o la sociedad de Japn Tigres asiticos
Japn? Por qu?
2. a. Recall Summarize the political changes in the Philippines FOCUS ON WRITING
after the nation won its independence./Recordar Resume
los cambios polticos que se produjeron en las Filipinas ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
despus de que la nacin obtuvo su independencia.
b. Compare and Contrast Compare and contrast the devel- 5. Exposition Write a brief paragraph that explains how and
opment or North Korea and South Korea after the Korean why Japan changed in the years after World War II. Be sure
War./Comparar y contrastar Compara y contrasta el to mention changes in Japans government, economy, and
desarrollo de Corea del Norte y Corea del Sur despus de la society. Use details from the section to support your conclu-
Guerra de Corea. sions./Exposicin Escribe un prrafo breve en el que expli-
ques cmo y por qu Japn cambi en los aos que siguieron
3. a. Identify What are the Asian Tigers?/Identificar Qu
a la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Asegrate de mencionar los
son los tigres asiticos?
cambios en el gobierno, la economa y la sociedad de Japn.
b. Make Generalizations Describe the basic features of the Usa detalles de la seccin para defender tus conclusiones.
British and
French/
Britnicas y francesas
Portuguese
and Belgian/
Portuguesas y belgas
South Africa/
Sudfrica
SOUTH AFRICA/SUDFRICA
In the early 1900s, South Africa was run by white
Afrikaners, descendents of the original Dutch settlers.
South Africa has been independent since 1910, but
Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL AFR HP
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL AFR HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, list the key people or events that are related to Africas chal-
palabras y personas lenges./Resumir Copia el siguiente organizador grfico y
salo para hacer una lista de las personas o sucesos clave
1. a. Define What are one-party systems?/Definir Qu son
relacionados con los desafos de frica.
los sistemas de partido nico?
b. Draw Conclusions Why were civil wars common in post- Key people or events/
colonial Africa?/Sacar conclusiones Por qu eran comunes Personas o sucesos clave
las guerras civiles en frica despus de la poca colonial? Apartheid/
Apartheid
c. Elaborate How important was the end of apartheid?/
Dictatorship and War/
Profundizar Qu tan importante fue el fin del apartheid? Dictadura y guerra
2. a. Recall What caused African economies to struggle Struggling Economies/
and depend on outside aid?/Recordar Qu llev a las Economas en apuros
economas africanas a tener problemas y depender de la Disease/
Enfermedades
ayuda exterior?
Desertification/
b. Explain Why has economic development been so difficult Desertificacin
in Africa?/Explicar Por qu el desarrollo econmico ha
sido tan difcil en frica? FOCUS ON WRITING
c. Develop What do you think African leaders should do to
improve economic conditions in their countries?/Desarrollar ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
Qu crees que deberan hacer los lderes africanos para
mejorar las condiciones econmicas de sus pases? 5. Narration Write a brief radio report that might have been
broadcast after Nelson Mandela was elected president of
3. a. Define What was the negritude movement?/
South Africa in 1994. In your report, relate the sequence of
Definir Qu era el movimiento de la negritud?
events that ended apartheid in South Africa./Narracin
b. Analyze In what ways have Africans preserved the tradi- Escribe un informe de radio breve que podra haber sido
tional culture?/Analizar De qu maneras han preservado transmitido despus de que Nelson Mandela fue electo
los africanos su cultura tradicional? presidente de Sudfrica en 1994. En tu informe, relaciona
la secuencia de sucesos que pusieron fin al apartheid en
Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
Sudfrica.
4. Summarize Copy the graphic organizer below and use it to
Israel/Israel
Egypt/Egipto
Iran/Irn
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL AFR HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, Abder Nasser y cmo promovi el panarabismo?
palabras y personas b. Summarize What events led to the Suez Crisis?/Resumir
1. a. Recall How did the large population of French settlers in Qu sucesos llevaron a la Crisis de Suez?
Algeria affect Algerias history?/Recordar Cmo afect a la c. Develop How did the policies of Muhammad Reza Pahlavi
historia de Argelia la gran poblacin de colonos franceses en both help and hurt Iran?/Desarrollar Cmo ayudaron
Argelia? y perjudicaron a Irn las polticas de Muhammad Reza
b. Compare and Contrast What tactics were used by the Pahlavi?
FLN and the French in the struggle in Algeria?/Comparar y
Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
contrastar Qu tcticas usaron el FLN y los franceses en la
lucha en Argelia? 4. Sequence Use your notes from this section and a graphic
organizer like this one to create a time line of the key events
2. a. Describe What was the UN plan for the partition of Pales-
in North Africa and the Middle East./Ordenar Usa tus notas
tine?/Describir Cul era el plan de Naciones Unidas para
de esta seccin y un organizador grfico como el siguiente
la divisin de Palestina?
para crear una lnea cronolgica de los sucesos clave ocu-
b. Sequence What happened after David Ben-Gurion and rridos en frica del Norte y Medio Oriente.
other jewish leaders announced the creation of the State of
1945 1965
Israel in 1948?/Ordenar Qu paso luego de que David
Ben-Gurion y otros lderes judos anunciaron la creacin del
Estado de Israel en 1948?
c. Predict How might the events of 1947 and 1948 have set FOCUS ON WRITING
the stage for more conflicts between Israel and Arab states in
the Middle East?/Hacer predicciones Cmo pueden haber ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
preparado el escenario para ms conflictos entre Israel y
los estados rabes de Medio Oriente los sucesos de 1947 y 5. Exposition Write a brief newspaper article that describes
1948? the crisis over the Suez Canal./Exposicin Escribe un breve
3. a. Describe Who was Gamal Abder Nasser, and how did artculo de peridico en el que describas la crisis por el canal
he promote Pan-Arabism?/Describir Quin era Gamal de Suez.
Regional
Issues/
Asuntos
regionales
Conflicts/
Conflictos
REVOLUTION IN IRAN/REVOLUCIN EN
IRN
In Iran, shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi had close ties
to Western governments and oil companies. Under
his rule, Iran became industrialized and more like the
West. Many Iranians, especially Islamists, opposed
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
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Trends/Tendencias Conflicts/Conflictos
OTHER REVOLUTIONS/OTRAS
REVOLUCIONES
In 1954, the United States led a coup against
Guatemalan president Jacobo Arbenz due to his
communist leanings and pressure from a U.S.
company hurt by his land reforms. This sparked a
civil war that finally ended in 1996. In El Savador in
1980, government assassins killed Archbishop Oscar
Romero, a priest who supported Liberation Theology.
This too led to a civil war between Communist-
supported guerrilla groups and the U.S.-supported
government that oppressed dissent./En 1954, Estados
Unidos lider un golpe contra el presidente de
Guatemala, Jacobo Arbenz, debido a sus inclinaciones
comunistas y a la presin de una compaa
estadounidense perjudicada por sus reformas de la
tierra. Esto desat una guerra civil que por fin termin
en 1996. En El Salvador, en 1980, asesinos del
gobierno mataron al arzobispo Oscar Romero, un cura
que apoyaba la teologa de la liberacin. Esto tambin
llev a la guerra civil entre grupos guerrilleros que
contaban con apoyo comunista y el gobierno que
contaba con apoyo estadounidense y oprima la
oposicin. Why did the United
Nicaragua also struggled with instability. In 1979, States switch its support
the ruling Somoza family was overthrown by a to the Contras after
revolutionary group, the Sandinistas. The Sandinistas having supported the
Sandinistas?/Por qu
used a junta (HOON-tuh), a group of leaders who rule Estados Unidos pas
jointly. As the junta grew more radical, the United a apoyar a los contras
States ended its financial aid and backed a rebel despus de haber apoyado
a los sandinistas?
group, the Contras, that fought the junta government.
Economic troubles and violence continued throughout _______________________
the 1980s./Nicaragua tambin luch contra la _______________________
inestabilidad. En 1979, la familia gobernante Somoza
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL LAT HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, or why not?/Defender una posicin Crees que Estados
palabras y personas Unidos debera haberse involucrado en las guerras civiles de
Amrica Central? Por qu?
1. a. Describe What conditions in postwar Latin America made
many countries politically unstable?/Describir Qu condi- Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
ciones dadas en Amrica Latina en la posguerra hicieron que
4. Identify Cause and Effect Using your notes, identify major
muchos pases fueran inestables polticamente?
causes and effects of revolutions and civil wars in Central
b. Infer Why did Liberation Theology become popular in America. How were these causes and effects similar and
Latin America?/Inferir Por qu la teologa de la libera- different from country to country?/Identificar causa y efec-
cin se hizo popular en Amrica Latina? to Usando tus notas, identifica las causas y los efectos prin-
c. Evaluate What was one benefit and one drawback of cipales de las revoluciones y las guerras civiles en Amrica
import-substitution led industrialization?/Evaluar Cul Central. En qu se parecan y en qu se diferenciaban estas
fue un beneficio y una desventaja de la industrializacin de causas y efectos entre un pas y otro?
sustitucin de importaciones? Cause/Causas Effect/Efectos
2. a. Identify Who is Fidel Castro? How did he come to Cuba
power?/Identificar Quin es Fidel Castro? Cmo lleg al Guatemala
poder?
El Salvador
b. Summarize How has the Cuban Revolution affected life
Nicaragua
for people in Cuba?/Resumir Cmo se vio afectada la vida
de las personas de Cuba por la Revolucin cubana?
c. Predict What challenges might Cubas government face FOCUS ON WRITING
after Castros rule has ended? Explain your answer./Hacer
predicciones Qu desafos puede enfrentar el gobierno ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
cubano una vez que termine el gobierno de Castro? Explica 5. Exposition Imagine you are a citizen of Cuba, El Salvador, or
tu respuesta. Nicaragua. Write a short letter to a friend explaining the con-
3. a. Recall Why did the United States get involved in Guate- flict in your country, identifying who is fighting, and analyzing
malan politics in the 1950s?/Recordar Por qu Estados what people are fighting for./Exposicin Imagina que eres
Unidos se involucr en la poltica de Guatemala en la dcada un ciudadano de Cuba, El Salvador o Nicaragua. Escribe una
de 1950? carta corta a un amigo en la que le expliques el conflicto en
b. Analyze What factors led to the failure of the Sandinista tu pas, identifiques quin pelea y analices por qu las perso-
government?/Analizar Qu factores provocaron el fracaso nas pelean.
del gobierno de los sandinistas?
c. Support a Position Do you think the United States should
have become involved in civil wars in Central America? Why
Argentina/Argentina
Brazil/Brasil
Chile/Chile
Other countries/
Otros pases
Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
BRAZIL/BRASIL
Brazils story is similar to Argentinas. Juscelino
Kubitschek won a democratic election in 1954. He
promised Brazil rapid progress. Foreign investment
flowed into the country, helping him reach his goal.
Though the $2 billion capital city of Braslia quickly
became a source of pride for the nation, the costs of
How did Brazils economy
modernization crippled Brazils economy. Military change after Kubitscheks
leaders seized control in 1964. From 1968 to 1973, the election?/Cmo cambi
countrys economy grew faster than any other in the la economa de Brasil
despus de la eleccin de
world, an achievement called the Brazilian miracle./ Kubitschek?
La historia de Brasil es similar a la de Argentina.
_______________________
Juscelino Kubitschek gan una eleccin democrtica
en 1954. Prometi un progreso rpido para Brasil. _______________________
Llegaron las inversiones extranjeras al pas,
ayudndolo a alcanzar su objetivo. A pesar de que la
ciudad capital de Brasilia, que cost $2 mil millones,
se convirti rpidamente en un motivo de orgullo para
la nacin, los costos de la modernizacin paralizaron
la economa de Brasil. Los lderes militares tomaron el
control en 1964. Entre 1968 y 1973, la economa del
pas creci ms rpidamente que cualquier otra en el
mundo, un logro llamado el milagro brasilero.
But progress came at a terrible price. Those who
complained about the government freezing wages
or the resulting decline in living standards were
kidnapped, tortured, or killed. Opposition grew, and
the economy crashed. Brazil fell deeply into debt
when oil prices rose in the 1970s. This debt brought
about hyperinflation, or an extremely high level
of inflation that grows rapidly in a short period of
time./Pero el progreso tuvo un costo terrible. Aquellos
que se quejaban de que el gobierno congelaba los
salarios o de la resultante baja del nivel de vida eran
secuestrados, torturados o asesinados. Creci la
oposicin y la economa colaps. Brasil se endeud
mucho cuando aumentaron los precios del petrleo en
la dcada de 1970. Esta deuda trajo hiperinflacin, o
un nivel extremadamente alto de inflacin, que crece
rpidamente en un perodo corto.
CHILE/CHILE
Like Argentina and Brazil, economic problems led
to drastic changes in government in Chile. In 1970,
Chileans elected Salvador Allende president. Allende
improved housing, education, and health care. He also
redistributed land to peasants. At first, these measures
succeeded. But as industrial and farm production
slowed, prices rose, along with food shortages. Why were Chilean
Allendes socialist-style policies distanced him business owners and
the United States
from business owners. His policies also worried the government concerned
United States government, which began supporting about Allendes rule?/Por
opposition groups. In 1973, fighter planes bombed qu se preocupaban los
empresarios chilenos y
the presidential palace, killing Allende and 3,000 el gobierno de Estados
others./Al igual que Argentina y Brasil, los problemas Unidos por el gobierno de
econmicos provocaron cambios drsticos en el Allende?
gobierno de Chile. En 1970, los chilenos eligieron a _______________________
Salvador Allende como presidente. Allende mejor la
_______________________
vivienda, la educacin y la asistencia mdica. Tambin
redistribuy las tierras entre los campesinos. Al
principio, estas medidas tuvieron xito. Pero cuando la
produccin industrial y la agrcola cayeron, los precios
aumentaron junto con la escasez de alimentos. Las
polticas de estilo socialista de Allende lo distanciaron
de los empresarios. Sus polticas tambin preocupaban
al gobierno de Estados Unidos, que comenz a
apoyar a los grupos de la oposicin. En 1973, aviones
de guerra bombardearon el palacio presidencial y
asesinaron a Allende y 3,000 personas ms.
The coup against Allende was carried out by
Augusto Pinochet, (peen-oh-SHAY) commander in
chief of the Chilean army. Pinochet became president
in 1974. He quickly demolished his opposition,
disbanded congress, and suspended the constitution.
Thousands of citizens were tortured or killed; others
fled into exile. Despite the turmoil, Chiles capitalism-
supporting economy grew quickly./El golpe contra
Allende fue llevado a cabo por Augusto Pinochet,
comandante en jefe del ejrcito chileno. Pinochet se
convirti en presidente en 1974. Demoli rpidamente
a su oposicin, disolvi el congreso y suspendi la
constitucin. Miles de ciudadanos fueron torturados
o asesinados, otros escaparon al exilio. A pesar de
OTHER DICTATORSHIPS/OTRAS
DICTADURAS
In Haiti, the Duvalier family maintained a dictatorship
for 28 years. Their rule made Haitis struggling
economy even worse. In 1986, riots broke out, ousting
the Duvaliers. Turmoil followed as president Jean- Circle the names of two
Bertrand Aristide and the Haitian military vied for Latin American countries
power./En Hait, la familia Duvalier mantuvo una whose dictators are
discussed in this section./
dictadura durante 28 aos. Su gobierno empeor Encierra en un crculo los
an ms la pobre economa de Hait. En 1986, se nombres de dos pases
produjeron disturbios que derrocaron a los Duvalier. de Amrica Latina cuyos
La agitacin sigui mientras el presidente Jean- dictadores se analizan en
esta seccin.
Bertrand Aristide y el ejrcito haitiano competan por
el poder.
During the 1980s, Panama came under the control
of Manuel Noriega, a brutal dictator who used the
country as a base for drug smuggling. Noriega was
arrested by United States authorities in 1989 and
imprisoned in Florida. Panama held democratic
elections in 1994./Durante la dcada de 1980, Panam
qued bajo el control de Manuel Noriega, un brutal
dictador que us su pas como una base para el
contrabando de drogas. Noriega fue arrestado por
autoridades estadounidenses en 1989 y encarcelado en
Florida. Panam celebr elecciones democrticas en
1994.
In 1990, Peru faced a poor economy and a terror
campaign from a guerrilla group known as the
Shining Path. Alberto Fujimori was elected president.
When congress complained that he abused his
power, Fujimori disbanded congress and suspended
the constitution. He was reelected in 1995 due to a
booming economy and decreased guerrilla activity.
However, Fujimori resigned because of scandals and
fraud after the 2000 election./En 1990, Per enfrent
condiciones econmicas pobres y una campaa de
terror de un grupo guerrillero conocido como Sendero
Luminoso. Alberto Fujimori fue elegido presidente.
Cuando el congreso se quej de que Fujimori
abusaba de su poder, ste lo disolvi y suspendi
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL TOD HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, b. Make Inferences Why are the worlds fastest growing cit-
palabras y personas ies found in developing countries?/Inferir Por qu las ciu-
1. a. Identify What is the purpose of the Universal Declaration dades de ms rpido crecimiento del mundo se encuentran
of Human Rights?/Identificar Cul es el propsito de la en pases en vas de desarrollo?
Declaracin Universal de los Derechos Humanos? Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
b. Explain What role do NGOs play in protecting human 4. Elaborate Use your notes on the section and a graphic
rights?/Explicar Qu papel tiene las ONG en la proteccin organizer like the one below to explain how social challenges
de los derechos humanos? affect the world today./Profundizar Usa tus notas de la sec-
c. Predict How do you think the spread of democracy might cin y un organizador grfico como el siguiente para explicar
affect human right around the world? Explain your answer./ cmo los desafos sociales afectan el mundo en la actualidad.
Hacer predicciones Cmo crees que la expansin de la
democracia afectar los derechos humanos en el mundo?
Explica tu respuesta. Social challenges/
2. a. Identify What are some of the main challenges facing Desafos sociales
certain people and countries around the world today?/Iden-
tificar Cules son algunos de los principales desafos que
enfrentan ciertas personas y pases del mundo en la
actualidad? FOCUS ON WRITING
b. Explain How come an epidemic of a disease affect a
countrys economy?/Explicar Cmo puede una epidemia
ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
afectar la economa de un pas? 5. Exposition Write a letter from a person that has migrated to
c. Elaborate Why is it so difficult to reduce poverty?/Profun- a new country to a friend back home. Tell the friend what you
dizar Por qu es tan difcil reducir la pobreza? like and do not like about the new country./Exposicin Es-
3. a. Identify What are some push and pull factors of migra- cribe una carta de una persona que ha emigrado a un nuevo
tion?/Identificar Cules son algunos factores de expulsin pas a un amigo que no emigr. Cuntale a este amigo lo
y atraccin de la migracin? que te gusta y lo que no te gusta del nuevo pas.
DEMOCRACY IN MEXICO/DEMOCRACIA EN
MXICO
Mexicos path to democracy was unlike that of any
other country in the region. It had experienced relative
stability, but it was neither a full dictatorship nor
very democratic. The Institutional Revolutionary
How did the rule of the
Party (PRI) had governed Mexico for more than PRI in Mexico resemble a
seven decades with virtually no opposition. It often dictatorship?/En qu se
used fraud and force to win elections. However, the pareca el gobierno del PRI
a una dictadura?
Mexican economy remained strong and industry
grew for many years. Eventually, however, Mexican _______________________
industry became dominated by foreign investors. Even _______________________
as profits grew, most money left the country, leaving
Mexico with foreign debt, poverty, and inequality./El
camino de Mxico hacia la democracia fue distinto al
de todos los pases de la regin. Haba tenido cierta
estabilidad, pero no era ni una dictadura total ni un
gobierno muy democrtico. El Partido Revolucionario
Institucional (PRI) haba gobernado Mxico durante
ms de siete dcadas casi sin oposicin. A menudo
usaba el fraude y la fuerza para ganar elecciones.
Sin embargo, la economa de Mxico segua siendo
fuerte y la industria creci durante muchos aos. Con
el tiempo, sin embargo, la industria mexicana paso a
ser dominada por inversores extranjeros. An cuando
las ganancias aumentaban, la mayor parte del dinero
3
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL LAT HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, b. Analyze What were the positive and negative effects
palabras y personas of the economic reforms of the 1990s?/Analizar Cules
1. a. Describe What failures caused the fall of dictators in Latin fueron los efectos positivos y los negativos de las reformas
America?/Describir Qu fracasos provocaron la cada de econmicas de la dcada de 1990?
los dictadores de Amrica Latina? c. Predict How do you think the move toward leftist leaders
b. Analyze What factors made possible a peaceful transition might affect Latin America in the future?/Hacer prediccio-
to democracy?/Analizar Qu factores hicieron posible una nes Cmo crees que el cambio a lderes de izquierda va a
transicin pacfica hacia la democracia? afectar a Amrica Latina en el futuro?
c. Make Judgments Did foreign countries have a right to Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
push for political changes in Latin America? Explain your 4. Identify Cause and Effect Using your notes, fill in a graphic
answer./Dar opiniones Los pases extranjeros tenan dere- organizer like the one below with at least two main causes of
cho a presionar para que se produjeran cambios polticos en democratic and economic reform in Latin America./Identi-
Amrica Latina? Explica tu respuesta. ficar causa y efecto Usando tus notas, completa un orga-
2. a. Describe Why was the election of Vicente Fox significant nizador grfico como el siguiente con al menos dos causas
for Mexico?/Describir Por qu la eleccin de Vicente Fox principales de las reformas democrticas y econmicas en
fue importante para Mxico? Amrica Latina.
b. Sequence What were the major crises facing Mxico, in
Cause/Causa
chronological order, that led to the end of one-party rule?/ Democratic and Economic Reform/
Ordenar Cules fueron las crisis ms importantes que Reformas democrticas y econmicas
Effects/Efectos
enfrent Mxico, en orden cronolgico, que llevaron al final
del gobierno de partido nico? FOCUS ON SPEAKING
c. Make Judgments Several crises helped bring about the
end of PRI rule. Were Mexicans right to blame their govern- ENFOQUE EN LA EXPRESIN ORAL
ment for the situation in their country? Explain your answer./
Dar opiniones Varias crisis contribuyeron al fin del gobierno 5. Persuasion Imagine you are a citizen of a Latin American
del PRI. Tenan razn los mexicanos al culpar a su gobierno country in the 1970s or 1980s. Write a short speech explain-
por la situacin del pas? ing why there is a need for political or economic reform in
your country./Persuasin Imagina que eres un ciudadano
3. a. Describe Describe two market reforms that took place in
de un pas de Amrica Latina en la dcada de 1970 o de
Latin America./Describir Describe dos reformas del mer-
1980. Escribe un discurso corto en el que expliques por qu
cado que se produjeron en Amrica Latina.
es necesaria una reforma poltica o econmica en tu pas.
Causes/Causas
Globalization/Globalizacin
Effects/Efectos
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1
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL TOD HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, c. Evaluate What recent change do you think has been the
palabras y personas biggest cause of global diffusion?/Evaluar Qu cambio
1. a. Define What is globalization?/Definir Qu es la reciente crees que ha sido la mayor causa de difusin global?
globalizacin? Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
b. Explain How are multinational corporations an example 4. Make Judgments Do you think globalization has had a
of economic interdependence between developed and devel- greater effect on developed countries or developing coun-
oping countries?/Explicar Por qu las corporaciones mul- tries? Use your notes on the section to explain your answer./
tinacionales son un ejemplo de la interdependencia entre Dar opiniones Crees que la globalizacin tuvo un mayor
los pases desarrollados y los pases en vas de desarrollo? efecto en los pases desarrollados o en los pases en vas
c. Evaluate What are some benefits and drawbacks of out- de desarrollo? Usa tus notas de la seccin para explicar tu
sourcing?/Evaluar Cules son algunos beneficios y des- respuesta.
ventajas de la tercerizacin?
Globalization/ Greater Effects/
2. a. Identify What is the World Trade Organization?/Identifi- Globalizacin Mayores efectos
car Qu es la Organizacin Mundial del Comercio?
b. Compare and Contrast How do supporters and oppo- FOCUS ON SPEAKING
nents of global free trade differ in their views of it?/Com-
parar y contrastar En qu se diferencian las visiones de los ENFOQUE EN LA EXPRESIN ORAL
partidarios y los opositores del libre comercio global?
c. Elaborate Why do you think countries may want to join 5. Persuasion Prepare a list of points that a government official
multiple regional trade blocks?/Profundizar Por qu crees in a developing country might use in a speech to convince
que los pases pueden querer unirse a varios bloques de co- other government and business leaders that the country
mercio regional? should sign a free trade agreement./Persuasin Prepara
una lista de puntos que un funcionario de gobierno de un
3. a. Recall What types of culture traits make up popular cul-
pas en vas de desarrollo podra usar en un discurso para
ture?/Recordar Qu tipos de rasgos culturales forman la
convencer a otros lderes de gobierno y a empresarios de que
cultura popular?
el pas debera firmar un acuerdo de libre comercio.
b. Explain How do mass media affect cultural diffusion?/
Explicar Cmo afectan a la difusin cultural los medios de
comunicacin masiva?
POPULATION MOVEMENT/MOVIMIENTO DE
POBLACIN
Globalization has led to movement of many people
around the world. Some choose to move to find
2
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL TOD HP
Reviewing Ideas, Terms, and People/Repasar ideas, b. Make Inferences Why are the worlds fastest growing cit-
palabras y personas ies found in developing countries?/Inferir Por qu las ciu-
1. a. Identify What is the purpose of the Universal Declaration dades de ms rpido crecimiento del mundo se encuentran
of Human Rights?/Identificar Cul es el propsito de la en pases en vas de desarrollo?
Declaracin Universal de los Derechos Humanos? Critical Thinking/Pensamiento crtico
b. Explain What role do NGOs play in protecting human 4. Elaborate Use your notes on the section and a graphic
rights?/Explicar Qu papel tiene las ONG en la proteccin organizer like the one below to explain how social challenges
de los derechos humanos? affect the world today./Profundizar Usa tus notas de la sec-
c. Predict How do you think the spread of democracy might cin y un organizador grfico como el siguiente para explicar
affect human right around the world? Explain your answer./ cmo los desafos sociales afectan el mundo en la actualidad.
Hacer predicciones Cmo crees que la expansin de la
democracia afectar los derechos humanos en el mundo?
Explica tu respuesta. Social challenges/
2. a. Identify What are some of the main challenges facing Desafos sociales
certain people and countries around the world today?/Iden-
tificar Cules son algunos de los principales desafos que
enfrentan ciertas personas y pases del mundo en la
actualidad? FOCUS ON WRITING
b. Explain How come an epidemic of a disease affect a
countrys economy?/Explicar Cmo puede una epidemia
ENFOQUE EN LA REDACCIN
afectar la economa de un pas? 5. Exposition Write a letter from a person that has migrated to
c. Elaborate Why is it so difficult to reduce poverty?/Profun- a new country to a friend back home. Tell the friend what you
dizar Por qu es tan difcil reducir la pobreza? like and do not like about the new country./Exposicin Es-
3. a. Identify What are some push and pull factors of migra- cribe una carta de una persona que ha emigrado a un nuevo
tion?/Identificar Cules son algunos factores de expulsin pas a un amigo que no emigr. Cuntale a este amigo lo
y atraccin de la migracin? que te gusta y lo que no te gusta del nuevo pas.
Terrorism/
Terrorismo
3
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL TOD HP
Advance/Adelanto
Effect/Efecto Effect/Efecto
Section Summary/Resumen de la seccin
PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT/
PROTEGER EL MEDIO AMBIENTE
Industrialization and a quickly growing population
harm the environment by creating or increasing
pollution and problems related to the use of resources.
Deforestation, the clearing of trees, is happening
rapidly in areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America, What is the difference
particularly in the Amazon region of Brazil. The between deforestation
and desertification?/Cul
forests are being cleared to make land for farming,
es la diferencia entre
ranching, or mining./La industrializacin y el la deforestacin y la
rpido crecimiento de la poblacin daan el medio desertificacin?
ambiente al crear o aumentar la contaminacin y _______________________
problemas relacionados con el uso de los recursos. La
_______________________
deforestacin, la tala de rboles, se est produciendo
rpidamente en regiones de frica, Asia y Amrica _______________________
Latina, particularmente en la regin amaznica de
Brasil. Los bosques se talan para preparar tierras para
la agricultura, la ganadera o la minera.
In the Sahel region of West Africa, the
environmental issue is desertification, the spread
of desert-like conditions. This is caused partly by
drought and partly by people cutting down trees and
allowing animals to overgraze the land. Without plants
to anchor it, the soil blows away, making the land
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SECTION ASSESSMENT Online Quiz
Keyword: SHL TOD HP
1. Review the documents presented on this issue. What simi- 3. Do library or online research to learn more about another
larities and what differences do they reveal about the chal- democratic reform proposed in the United Kingdomthe
lenges to democratic participation in the United Kingdom elimination of hereditary lordships in Parliaments House of
and in South Africa? What effect, if any, does the age of Lords. What effect might the change have on democracy and
these democracies have on citizen participation?/Repasa los representation in the United Kingdom?/Investiga en la bi-
documentos presentados sobre este tema. Qu semejanzas y blioteca o en Internet para aprender ms sobre otra reforma
que diferencias revelan sobre los desafos de la participacin propuesta en el Reino Unido: la eliminacin de los ttulos
democrtica en el Reino Unido y en Sudfrica? Qu efecto, si hereditarios en la Cmara de los Lores del Parlamento. Qu
hay alguno, tiene la edad de estas democracias en la partici- efecto podra tener el cambio en la democracia y la represen-
pacin de los ciudadanos? tacin en el Reino Unido?
2. Review the graph showing South African voter turnout and 4. What sort of informal organizations are there in your com-
the map showing election results. What possible connection is munity? in the United States? Do research to learn about one
there between declining voter turnout and the increased elec- such organization. Write a one-page paper describing the
tion success of the ANC?/Repasa la grfica que muestra la organization, including its purpose, goals, and membership./
cantidad de votantes de Sudfrica y el mapa que muestra los Qu clase de organizaciones informales hay en tu comuni-
resultados de la eleccin. Cul es la conexin posible entre la dad? Y en Estados Unidos? Investiga para aprender sobre
disminucin de la cantidad de votantes y el aumento del xito una de estas organizaciones. Escribe un ensayo de una hoja
del ANC en la eleccin? en la que describas la organizacin, incluyendo su propsito,
sus objetivos y su membresa.
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Research Online
ANALYZING THE ISSUE SD7 Case Study
1. Review the documents presented on this issue. What evidence evoke sympathy throughout Mexico and the world? Do you
do they present to suggest that development in Brazil and think economic development in Mexico would benefit Chi-
Mexico is a complex challenge?/Repasa los documentos apas? Why or why not?/Investiga en Internet para aprender
presentados sobre este tema. Qu pruebas presentan que ms sobre la vida en la regin de Chiapas en Mxico. Cmo
sugieran que el desarrollo de Brasil y Mxico es un desafo ha cambiado o no la vida all desde la rebelin zapatista de
complejo? 1994? Por qu la rebelin provoc simpatas en todo Mxico
2. What goals do Brazil and Mexico share in terms of economic y en el resto del mundo? Crees que el desarrollo econmico
development? What are some problems unique to each de Mxico podra beneficiar a Chiapas? Por qu?
country?/Cules son los objetivos que comparten Brasil y 4. Research Brazils policy of alternative fuel development.
Mxico en trminos de desarrollo econmico? Cules son Compare the positive and negative effects. Do you think
algunos de los problemas exclusivos de cada pas? the government is justified in pursuing this policy? Explain
3. Do online research to learn more about life in the Chiapas your reasoning./Investiga la poltica de Brasil de desarrollo
region of Mexico. How has life there changed, or not changed, de combustible alternativo. Compara los efectos positivos y
since the Zapatista rebellion in 1994? Why did the rebellion negativos. Crees que est justificado que el gobierno siga
esta poltica? Explica tu razonamiento.
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Research Online
ANALYZING THE ISSUE SD7 Case Study
1. Review the documents presented on this issue. What are some 3. Read excerpts and reviews of Thomas Friedmans book, The
ways the economic rise of India and China are affecting the World is Flat. What does the title of his book mean? What
world?/Repasa los documentos presentados sobre este tema. effect does he think India and China are having on the world
Cules son algunas de las maneras en que afecta al mundo economy?/Lee fragmentos y reseas del libro de Thomas
el surgimiento econmico de la India y China? Friedman El mundo es plano. Qu quiere decir el ttulo del
2. What do the documents suggest about the advantages and libro? Qu efecto cree l que estn teniendo en la economa
disadvantages India and China each possess in their effort to mundial la India y China?
become the worlds biggest economic power?/Qu sugie- 4. What steps do you think the United States could take to meet
ren los documentos sobre las ventajas y las desventajas que the challenge of global competition? Consider possibilities
poseen la India y China en su esfuerzo para convertirse en la relating to education and business growth./Qu pasos crees
potencia econmica ms grande del mundo? que podra tomar Estados Unidos para satisfacer el desafo de
la competencia global? Considera posibilidades relacionadas
a la educacin y al crecimiento empresarial.
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ANALYZING THE ISSUE SD7 Case Study
1. How has religious tradition played a role in the shaping wom- 3. Research the role of the president in Ireland. Do you think the
ens roles in Ireland and in Turkey? What similarities and dif- function of that position made it easier for women to reach
ferences exist between the two countries on this issue?/Qu that post? Why or why not?/Investiga el papel del presidente
papel ha desempeado la tradicin religiosa en la definicin en Irlanda. Crees que la funcin de ese cargo hace que sea
del papel de las mujeres en Irlanda y en Turqua? Qu seme- ms fcil para las mujeres llegar a ese puesto? Por qu?
janzas y qu diferencias existen entre los dos pases sobre este 4. Do research to create a time line of major events in history of
tema? womens rights in Ireland, Turkey, and the United States from
2. In what ways is there a gap between the laws and the reali- the 1900s to the present./Investiga para crear una lnea cro-
ties of life for women in both countries? Provide specific nolgica de los principales sucesos de la historia de los dere-
examples./En qu sentido hay una brecha entre las leyes y chos de la mujer en Irlanda, Turqua y Estados Unidos, desde
la vida real para las mujeres de ambos pases? Da ejemplos el siglo XX hasta el presente.
especficos.
1. Review the documents presented on this issue. What do they miembros? Por qu se ha opuesto Estados Unidos a algunas
tell you about the difficulties of carrying out the UNs mis- de sus actividades?
sion?/Repasa los documentos presentados sobre este tema. 4. Considering all the challenges involved in getting UN mem-
Qu te dicen sobre las dificultades de llevar a cabo una mi- bers to agree on actions and respond quickly to crises, do
sin de la ONU? you think the UN has outlived its usefulness? Do you think
2. Review the descriptions of the authors of the passages it should be strenghtened? Do you have another viewpoint?
excerpted here. How might their backgrounds affect their Write a letter to the editor explaining your position and offer-
point of view about de UN?/Repasa las descripciones de los ing reasons to support it./Considerando todos los desafos
autores de los pasajes seleccionados aqu. Cmo podran sus que implica lograr que los miembros de la ONU estn de
antecedentes afectar su punto de vista sobre la ONU? acuerdo en actuar y responder rpidamente a las crisis, crees
3. Research viewpoints about the UN Human Rights Commis- que la ONU ya no tiene razn de ser? Crees que debera ser
sion. What controversies have surrounded its membership? fortalecida? Tienes otro punto de vista? Escribe una carta al
Why has the United States objected to some of its activities?/ editor en la que expliques tu posicin y ofrezcas razones para
Investiga puntos de vista sobre la Comisin de Derechos defenderla.
Humanos de la ONU. Qu controversias han rodeado a sus