SECTION 16295: PROTECTIVE RELAYS L90

SECTION 26 09 13.13: PROTECTIVE RELAYS L90

NOTE TO THE SPECIFIER: The following specification is intended to be used as a

complement to an existing section (either the device section or as a subset of an
equipment section). Insert the following into Part 2 of the base specification.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 LINE DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS

A. Transmission line protection, fault location, control, monitoring and metering

shall be supplied in one integrated digital relay package for application on
transmission lines with 2/3 terminals and suitable for incorporation in an
integrated substation control system. Provide a GE Multilin L90 or approved
equal where indicated on drawings.

B. The protection system shall be available with three phase tripping logic or single
phase tripping logic.

C. The relay shall be self-synchronizing, operating without an external clock signal,

and use dedicated fiber optic communication facilities with loss of
communications detection and alarming. The communications channel shall
have a facility to determine the health of the communications channel, measure
and continuously compensate channel delay.

D. Protection Functions:

1. Current Differential Protection shall be phase segregated with an

adaptive restraint and shall be applicable to Series-compensated lines.

a. Charging current compensation for application on long overhead

lines or cables shall be incorporated.

b. Direct Transfer Trip (DTT), internal from current differential, or

external shall be integrated using the primary current differential
communications.

c. 8 direct user-assigned pilot bits via the primary current

differential communications shall be available.

d. Shall support either direct fiber or G.703 or RS422

communication interface with relay ID check.

e. Zero-sequence current removal for applications on lines with a

tapped transformer shall be incorporated.

f. An adaptive sensitive current disturbance detector (fault

detector) shall be provided.

g. Trip logic for single-pole tripping applications shall be provided.

h. CT saturation detection shall be incorporated for increased

security.

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i. Stub bus protection shall be provided.

j. Channel asymmetry compensation using GPS-based time

reference provided via the IRIG-B input of the relay, for
applications on SONET ring where transmit and receive delays
may not be equal, shall be available.

k. CT ratio matching of up to 5 times difference shall be

incorporated.

2. Phase and Ground Distance Protection

a. Distance characteristics for both phase and ground protection

shall include: mho, lens and quadrilateral characteristics.

b. Elements shall have independent direction, shape, reach,

maximum torque angle, overcurrent supervision, zero-sequence
compensation, blinders and timer settings.

c. All phase distance elements shall work with CTs and VTs located
independently from each other at any side of a three-phase wye-
delta transformer. The distance elements shall include an
adaptive reach feature for application on series compensated
lines. The reach shall be adjusted automatically based on the
current level to provide maximum security.

d. Pilot-aided permissive overreaching transfer trip (POTT)

scheme shall be provided.

e. Close-onto-fault protection shall be provided

3. Out-of-Step Protection and Power Swing Blocking

a. Integrated out-of-step tripping and power swing blocking

functions shall be provided.

b. The out-of-step tripping protection shall be programmable to trip

either in an early (instantaneous) or delayed (when the current
envelope is at the minimum) mode.

c. Both out-of-step tripping and power swing blocking shall be

programmable to work with 2 or 3 characteristics.

d. Current supervision shall be available for both the functions.

4. Load Encroachment

a. Load encroachment characteristics responding to positive-

sequence voltage and current shall be provided.

b. Minimum voltage supervision shall be available for the function.

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5. Fast and Sensitive Ground Directional Protection

a. The relay shall include neutral directional overcurrent element

for fast and sensitive fault direction discrimination.

b. The neutral directional element shall include offset impedance

for faster and more reliable operation and application on series
compensated lines.

c. The neutral overcurrent element shall respond to neutral

(internally calculated) or ground (externally supplied) current.
The element shall respond to neutral (internally calculated) or
auxiliary (externally supplied) polarizing voltage. The element
shall be polarized from voltage, current or both.

d. The neutral directional elements shall include positive-sequence

restraint for increased security.

e. The neutral directional elements shall include simultaneous

forward and reverse indications.

f. The neutral elements shall be configurable for any pilot-aided

scheme and for directional control of any protection element.

6. Overcurrent Protection

a. Eight time overcurrent (TOC) elements: for phase, neutral,

ground and negative-sequence currents (two TOCs for each)
shall be provided.

b. Time overcurrent curve characteristics: IEEE, IEC, IAC, I2t,

definite time, and four custom curves for precise or difficult
coordination shall be available.

c. Eight instantaneous overcurrent (IOC) elements: for phase,

neutral, ground and negative-sequence currents (two IOCs for
each) shall be available.

d. Four directional overcurrent elements: for phase and

neutral/ground (two elements for each) shall be available.

7. Voltage Protection

a. Two phase under- and one over-voltage elements shall be

provided

b. Auxiliary under- and over-voltage elements shall be provided

c. Neutral overvoltage element

d. The overvoltage elements shall use time curves including user-

programmable curves

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8. Provide VT fuse fail detection

E. Control Functions:

1. The breaker fail elements shall be configurable to respond to two

different currents such as in breaker-and-a-half application. The breaker
fail elements shall respond to three levels of current in three-pole and
single-pole modes as well as to breaker contacts.

2. The synchrocheck elements shall be configurable to respond to any

combination of single-phase voltages such as in breaker-and-a-half
application. Dead source logic shall be included.

3. Four shot, three-pole/single-pole dual-breaker autorecloser shall be

provided.

a. The autorecloser shall allow one breaker to be out of service

while the other breaker is in service.

b. The autorecloser shall allow simultaneous or sequential

reclosing of the two breakers.

c. The autorecloser shall allow applying different dead-times for

single-line-to-ground and multi-phase faults. This shall include a
single-line-to-ground fault evolving into a multi-phase fault.

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4. Provide programmable logic including non-volatile latches

5. Provide eight FlexElements for user-definable protection functions

6. Flexible control of all input and output contacts shall be provided.

7. All elements shall have a blocking input that allows supervision of the
element from other elements, contact inputs, etc.

8. The relay shall have switchable setting groups for dynamic

reconfiguration of the protection elements due to changed conditions
such as system configuration changes, or seasonal requirements.

F. Monitoring and Metering Functions:

1. Fault location and reporting

2. Voltage (phasors, true RMS values, symmetrical components), current

(local, remote and differential phasors, symmetrical components, true
RMS values), real, reactive and apparent power, power factor energy,
demand and frequency.

3. The relay shall calculate an estimate of the per phase wear on the
breaker contacts by measuring and integrating the current squared
passing through the breaker contact as an arc.

4. User-programmable oscillography

5. User-programmable data logger

6. Trip circuit monitoring

G. The relay shall be provided in one integrated package suitable for incorporation
in an integrated substation control system. The relay shall be housed in a
horizontal, 4 RU, 19-inch rack chassis configuration. It shall be a modular design
to easily facilitate upgrading or repair by replacement of modules. The faceplate
interface shall include an alphanumeric vacuum fluorescent display, keypad, and
LED target indicators.

H. The logic that determines the interaction of inputs, features, and outputs shall be
re-configurable through the use of FlexLogic equations. The use of remote
inputs and outputs in addition to hardware shall be available on the
communications ports using the UCA2 GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented
Substation Event) mechanism to minimize the requirement for auxiliary
components and wiring. The contact inputs shall accept wet or dry contacts.
Contact outputs shall be trip rated Form-A with current and voltage circuit
monitors, Form-C, or Fast Form-C for signaling. Hardware input/output capability
shall be expandable.

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I. The relay shall have three communications ports that operate independently and
simultaneously. The RS232 port shall be accessible from the faceplate of the
relay. The second port shall be RS485 supporting ModBus RTU and DNP 3.0
protocols capable of baud rates up to 115 kbps. The third communications port
shall be either a similar RS485 port or a 10 Mbps Ethernet port supporting
MMS/UCA2, ModBus/TCP, and DNP 3.0 or IEC 60870 protocols. The physical
port shall be 10BaseF, or redundant 10BaseF.

J. The relay shall be supplied with supporting application software for use on a PC
with Windows 95/98/NT operating systems. The program shall be capable of
retrieving Comtrade oscillography files from the relay to display, save, or print
when troubleshooting. The software shall provide the capability of editing and
managing settings files to store to the relay or disk backup, while on-line or off-
line. The software shall also permit the updating of new relay firmware and
viewing of all trip and alarm target messages, and the 1024 time stamped
events recorded by the relay.

K. The relay clock shall be capable of being synchronized with an IRIG-B signal to
allow synchronism with other connected devices. The relay shall allow for SNTP
network-based time synchronization.

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