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⎡ x⎤ ⎡Cos (α re + step)⎤
⎢ y ⎥ = re ⎢ Sin(α + step) ⎥ (10.1)
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ re ⎦
x2 + y2 = r 2 (2)
(
r 2 = rb2 1 + θ 2 ) (3)
For a general radius is easy to get the angle and vice versa.
π
Ec = m = rp γ (12)
2
rrc
πm rp
γ = (13) rb
2 rp
re p7 p5
From fig. 3 the following relations are given (14), (15), (16) p6 p4
p3
ε = α re − α rp (14)
p1 p2
Ht = ξ re (16) x = rb; y = 0;
Now the mirrored involute is p2 and p3 are connected by the involute of the base circle.
Using (1) coordinates of point p3 are
x = rb Cos (θ ) + rb θ Sin(θ )
(17) x = rb Cos(θ re ) + rb θ re Sin(θ re )
y = − rb Sin(θ ) + rb θ Cos (θ )
y = rb Sin(θ re ) − rb θ re Cos (θ re )
But this curve must be rotated counterclockwise using the
rotation matrix by the following angle, see fig. 4. Where (8) give θ re , p3 and p4 are connected by the arc of the
external radius, coordinates of p4 are:
σ = ξ + 2α re (18)
y x = re Cos (ξ + α re )
y = re Sin(ξ + α re )
x = rr Cos(σ )
⎡ x′ ⎤ ⎡ Cos (θ ) Sin(θ ) ⎤ ⎡ 1 ⎤
⎢ y′⎥ = rb ⎢− Sin(θ ) + Cos (θ )⎥ ⎢θ ⎥ (19.0) y = rr Sin(σ )
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
σ is the angle that contains the tooth without root, the total
amount of use depends of Z. The total pattern to be repeated
⎡ x⎤ ⎡Cos(σ ) − Sin(σ ) ⎤ ⎡ x′⎤ is defined by the profile joining points pi, i = 1,2,..,7. Define
⎢ y ⎥ = rb ⎢ Sin(σ ) + Cos(σ )⎥ ⎢ y′⎥ (19.1) then τ as the sector angle of the pattern
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
360
τ= (20)
This curve (19) starts from θ = θ re and decreases to θ = 0 . Z0
x = rrc; y = 0;
x = rr Cos (τ ) x ← re Cos (ξ + α re )
y = rr Sin(τ ) y ← re Sin(ξ + α re )
do
root angle will be x ← (rb Cos (θ ) + rb θ Sin(θ )) cos(σ )
ψ =τ −σ (21) − (− rb Sin(θ ) + rb θ Cos (θ )) sin(σ )
y ← (rb Cos (θ ) + rb θ Sin(θ )) sin(σ )
and the circular root thickness
+ (−rb Sin(θ ) + rb θ Cos (θ )) cos(σ )
C rt = ψ rrc (22) θ ← θ - θ0 ;
while ( θ > 0 )
Sector E: p5 — p6
V. ALGORITMH BY SECTORS step ← x0;
Sector A: p1 — p2 x ← rb Cos (σ )
step ← x0;
x ← rrc;
y ← rb Sin(σ )
y ← 0; do
do x ← x - x 0;
x ← rrc + s0; y ← x tan( σ );
y ← 0;
while ( x < rb );
r ← x2 + y2
Sector B: p2 — p3 while ( r > rrc );
step ← θ0 ; Sector F: p6 — p7
θ0 ;
step ←
θ ← 0;
x ← rb ; θ ←σ;
x ← rr Cos (σ )
y = 0;
y ← rr Sin(σ )
r2 − r2
θ re ← e 2 b do
rb x ← rr Cos (θ )
do y ← rr Sin(θ )
x ←rb Cos (θ ) + rb θ Sin(θ )
θ ← θ + θ0 ;
y ←rb Sin(θ ) − rb θ Cos (θ )
while ( θ < ( τ ) );
θ ← θ + θ0 ;
VI. ASSEMBLY SECTORS
⎛x⎞
while ( a tan⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ < θ re ) Until now, just one tooth has been described. Remember our
⎝ y⎠ goal is to describe the point to point movement to be used in
Sector C: p3 — p4 a CNC machine. The comment now could be: “but a gear has
step =θ0 ; Z0 teeth”. Rotation matrices are useful for repeating circular
patterns. The proposed vba code is given in appendix A. It
θ ← α re ; fills an Excel sheet of x and y points (see Table 1).
x ←rb Cos (θ ) + rb θ Sin(θ )
VII. MITSUBISHI G CODE
y ←rb Sin(θ ) − rb θ Cos (θ ) Three simple sectors are given in order to provide the reader
do with useful guidelines to implement the code in a cnc
x ← re Cos (θ ) machine.
y ← re Sin(θ ) Sector A: p1 → p2
θ ← θ + θ0 ; #3 = 0.01;
#1 = rrc;
while ( θ < ( ξ + α re ) ) #2 = rb;
Sector D: p4 — p5 #4 = 0;
WHILE [#1LT#2] DO1
step ←θ0 ;
G01 X#1 Y#4;
θ ← α re ; #1 = #1 + #3;
END DO1
σ ← ξ + 2α re ;
A B C D E F
1 modulus m 0,300 pi 3,142
number of
2 teeth z 10,000
pressure
3 angle alfa 14,400
4
5 Radius
Primitive
6 diameter Dp 0,700 Primitive 0,350
External Fig 6: Profile generated
7 Diameter De 0,900 External 0,450 (Parameters used are in table 1)
Base
8 diameter Db 0,678 Base 0,339
Circular APPENDIX A
9 Pitch Pc 0,314 Root 0,233
VBA CODE TO DRAW SPUR GEAR
10 Addendum Ac 0,100
Circular Private Sub DrawGear_Click()
11 thickness Ec 0,157 Range("f20:i40000").Select
12 Clearance J 0,017 0,166 Selection.ClearContents
13 Tooth height At 0,217 Range("j1:j40000").Select
Root Selection.ClearContents
14 diameter Dr 0,467 Range("d4").Select
Table I: excel sheet for vba code Dim pi, m, rp, gamma, rrc, rb, re, rr, are, tre, arp, epsilon, se,
sigma, Zo, tau, k, continue, taurot
APPENDIX B
FUNCTIONS
Function rotationx(rotang, x, y)
Dim pi
pi = Range("F1")
rotationx = x * Cos(rotang * pi / 180) - y * Sin(rotang * pi /
180)
End Function
Function rotationy(rotang, x, y)
Dim pi
pi = Range("F1")
rotationy = x * Sin(rotang * pi / 180) + y * Cos(rotang * pi /
180)
End Function
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We would like to acknowledge S. Scovino and J. López for
their contributions to this work, especially for the
development of the G code. They currently are at
“Departamento de Tecnología Industrial, Universidad Simón
Bolívar, Venezuela”.
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