ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I specially thank my guide Ms.G.ANTHOSHA, Associate Professor for constantly monitoring

my progress and suggesting improvements at various stages for preparing the project report.

I would like to express our deepest sense of gratitude towards Asst.Prof. Mr.T.PPADEEP Head
of the Dept. (DECE), for his valuable help during this project report. Her guidance has been instrumental
and has proved to be of immense help during this project report preparation.

I would like to thank Dr. Principal, VAAGDEVI ENGINEERING COLLEGE for having
permitted me to take on this project report.

Lastly, I would like to thank everyone who has been involved in this progress of the project report,
whose contributions, have added a lot of value.

CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO NAME OF THE TITLE PAGE NO.

ABSTRACT

LIST OF FIGS

LIST OF TABLE

1 INTRODUCTION 01-03

1.1 Introduction 01

1.2 Objective of Project 01

1.3 Background of the Project 02

1.4 Overview of the project used 02

1.5 Hardware Implementation of 03

the Project

2 PROJECT DESIGN 4-24

2.1 Block diagram of the project 04

and its description

2.2 Ldr 05

2.2.1 Leds 06

2.2.2 IC 555 06

2.2.3 Battrey 06

AUTOMETIC STREET LIGHT BY USING LDR

 A Project Report
Submitted to
STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING
HYDERABAD, TELANGANA

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

DIPLOMA
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted by

1. K.SAI TEJA (14551-EC-008)

2. T.TONY (14551-EC-025)
3. K.BINDHU (14551-EC-026)

Under the Esteemed Guidance of

MIS.G.SANTHOSHA
(ASST.PROF)
Department of Electronics and Communiction Engineering
VAAGDEVI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
II SHIFT POLYTECHNIC (551)
(2016-2017)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Vaagdevi Engineering College
 II Shift Polytechnic (551)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project Work titled AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT BY
USING LDR is a bonafiad work being submitted by K.SAI TEJA(14551-EC-008) to STATE
BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, HYDERABAD, TELANGANA, in partial fulfillment
of the requirement for the award of the degree DIPLOMA IN ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING. This is to further certify that this work is carried out
under the supervision of the respective guide during the sixth semester of the academic year
2016-2017.

Ms.G.SANTHOSHA MR.T.PRADEEP
(Asst.prof) (Asst.Prof)
Project Guide HOD OF SECTION

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Vaagdevi Engineering College
II Shift Polytechnic (551)
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project Work titled AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT BY
USING LDRis a bonafide work being submitted by T.TONY(14551-EC-025) to STATE
BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, HYDERABAD, TELANGANA, in partial fulfillment
of the requirement for the award of the degree DIPLOMA IN ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING. This is to further certify that this work is carried out
under the supervision of the respective guide during the sixth semester of the academic year
2016-2017.

Ms.G.SANTHOSH Mr.T.PRADEEP
(Asst.prof) Asst.Prof
PROJECT GUIDE HOD OF SECTION

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Vaagdevi Engineering College
II Shift Polytechnic (551)
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project Work titled AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT BY
USING LDRis a bonafide work being submitted by K.BINDHU(14551-EC-026) to STATE
BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, HYDERABAD, TELANGANA, in partial fulfillment
of the requirement for the award of the degree DIPLOMA IN ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING. This is to further certify that this work is carried out
under the supervision of the respective guide during the sixth semester of the academic year
2016-2017.

Ms.G.SANTHOSH Mr.PRADEEP
Asst.prof Asst.Prof
Project Guide HOD OF SECTION

ABSTRACT
Needs no manual operation for switching ON and OFF. When there is a need of light it
automatically switches ON. When darkness rises to a certain level then sensor circuit gets
activated and switches ON and when there is other source of light i.e. daytime, the street
light gets OFF. The sensitiveness of the street light can also be adjusted. In our project
we have used four L.E.D as a symbol of street lamp, but for high power switching one
can connect Relay (electromagnetic switch) at the output of pin 3 of I.C 555 that will
make easy to turn ON/OFF any electrical appliances that are connected through relay.

This circuit uses a popular timer I.C 555. I.C 555 is connected as comparator with pin-6
connected with positive rail, the output goes high(1) when the trigger pin 2 is at lower
then 1/3rd level of the supply voltage. Conversely the output goes low (0) when it is
above 1/3rd level. So small change in the voltage of pin-2 is enough to change the level of
output (pin-3) from 1 to 0 and 0 to 1. The output has only two states high and low and can
not remain in any intermediate stage. It is powered by a 6V battery for portable use. The
circuit is economic in power consumption. Pin 4, 6 and 8 is connected to the positive
supply and pin 1 is grounded. To detect the present of an object we have used LDR and a
source of light.
LDR is a special type of resistance whose value depends on the brightness of the light
which is falling on it. It has resistance of about 1 mega ohm when in total darkness, but a
resistance of only about 5k ohms when brightness illuminated. It responds to a large part
of light spectrum. We have made a potential divider circuit with LDR and 100K variable
resistance connected in series. We know that voltage is directly proportional to
conductance so more voltage we will get from this divider when LDR is getting light and
low voltage in darkness. This divided voltage is given to pin 2 of IC 555. Variable
resistance is so adjusted that it crosses potential of 1/3rd in brightness and fall below
1/3rd in darkness.
Sensitiveness can be adjusted by this variable resistance. As soon as LDR gets dark the
voltage of pin 2 drops 1/3rd of the supply voltage and pin 3 gets high and LED or buzzer
which is connected to the output gets activated.

LIST OF FIGURES
FIG NO NAME OF THE FIGURE PAGE NO

2.1 Block diagram 05

2.2 Components of project 05
 2.3(a) Block diagram 08
2.3(b) Circuit diagram 08
2.4 IC555 09
2.5 LDR 11
2.6 LEDs 16
2.7 Resistor 18
2.8 Variable resistor 19
2.9 Pin diagram of IC 555 20
3.1 Battrey 26

INTR0DUCTI0N
1.1.Introduction

Needs no manual operation for switching ON and OFF. When there is a light
automatically switches ON. When darkness rises to a certain level then sensor circuit gets
activated and switches ON and when there is other source of light i.e. daytime, the street
light gets OFF. The sensitiveness of the street light can also be adjusted. In our project
we have used four L.E.D as a symbol of street lamp, but for high power switching one
can connect Relay (electromagnetic switch) at the output of pin 3 of I.C 555 that will
make easy to turn ON/OFF any electrical appliances that are conntected through relay.

1.2 Objective of project

For 9v power supply we can use 6pcs dry cell or 6F22 9v single piece battery.Switch:Any
general purpose switch can be used. Switch is used as circuit breaker.
L.D.R:(LightDependinResistance)it is a special type of resistance whose value depends
on the brightness of light which is falling on it. It has resistance of about 1mega ohm
when in total darkness, but a resistance of only about 5k ohms when brightness
illuminated.Itrespondstoalargepartoflightspectrum.L.E.D(LightEmittingDiode)A diode is
a component that only allows electricity to flow one way. It can be thought as a sort of
one way street for electrons. Because of this characteristic, diode are used to transform or
rectify AC voltage into a DC voltage. Diodes have two connections, an anode and a
cathode. The cathode is the end on the schematic with the point of the triangle pointing
towards a line. In other words, the triangle points toward that cathode. The anode is, of
course, the opposite end. Current flows from the anode to the cathode.
Light emitting diodes, or LEDs, differ from regular diodes in that when a voltage is
applied, they emit light. This light can be red (most common), green, yellow, orange, blue
(not very common), or infa red. LEDs are used as indicators, transmitters, etc. Most
likely, a LED will never burn out like a regular lamp will and requires many times less
current. Because LEDs act like regular diodes and will form a short if connected between
+ and -, a current limiting resistor is used to prevent that very thing. LEDs may or may
not be drawn with the circle surrounding them.
Variabresistance:(Potentiometer)Resistors are one of the most common electronic
components. A resistor is a device that limits, or resists current. The current limiting
ability or resistance is measured in ohms, represented by the Greek symbol Omega.
Variable resistors (also called potentiometers or just pots) are resistors that have a
variable resistance. You adjust the resistance by turning a shaft. This shaft moves a wiper
across the actual resistor element. By changing the amounts of resistor between the wiper
connection and the connection (s) to the resistor element, you can change the resistance.
You will often see the resistance of resistors written with K (kilohms) after the number
value. This means that there are that many thousands of ohms. For example, 1K is 1000
ohm,2K is 2000 ohm, 3.3K is 3300 ohm, etc. You may also see the suffix M (mega
ohms). This simply means million. Resistors are also rated by their power handling
capability. This is the amount of heat the resistor can take before it is destroyed. The
power capability is measured in W (watts) Common wattages for variable
resistors are 1/8W, 1/4W, 1/2W and 1W. Anything of a higher wattage is referred to as a
rheostatPCB(PrintedCircuitBoard)with the help of P.C.B it is easy to assemble circuit
with neat and clean end products. P.C.B is made of Bakelite with surface pasted with
copper track-layout.Foreachcomponentsleg,holeismade.Connection pin is passed through
the hole and is soldered.
1.3 Background of the project
It clearly demonstrates the working of transistor in saturation region and cut-off region.
The working of relay is also known Microcontroller and the code is written in c language
in MikroC ide, the resulted value can be seen with the help of UART or LCD display.

Automatic Street Light Control System is a simple yet powerful concept, which uses
transistor as a switch. By using this system manual works are 100% removed. It
automatically switches ON lights when the sunlight goes below the visible region of our
eyes. This is done by a sensor called Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) which senses the
light actually like our eyes. It automatically switches OFF lights whenever the sunlight
comes, visible to our eyes. Aim of this project is to control the street light using LDR.
When the light falling occur means resistance value will be change. There is no light then
the resistance

Aim of this project is to control the street light using LDR. When the light falling occur
means resistance value will be change.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
9v Battery with strip
Switch
L.D.R (Light Depending Resistance)
I.C NE555 with Base
 L.E.D (Light Emitting Diode) 3 to 6 pieces.
Variable Resistance of 47 K
P.C.B (Printed Circuit Board of 555 or Vero board.

LDR WORKING:
A Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) or a photo resistor is a device whose resistivity is
a function of the incident electromagnetic radiation. Hence, they are light sensitive
devices. They are also called as photo conductors, photo conductive cells or simply
photocells. They are made up of semiconductor materials having high resistance.
There are many different symbols used to indicate a LDR, one of the most commonly
used symbol is shown in the figure below. The arrow indicates light falling on it.
FIG:1 LDR