ACID:

SQL:
char : 'deepak'
char(20): 'deepak'
varchar(20) :number + special + string
varchar2(20): number + special + string : 'deep12@gmail.com'
Number : 1234
number(5): 12345
Number(5,2) : 123.56
Date : -
------------------------------------------------------------
DDL:
Create table temp
(id number(4),name varchar2(5));
select * from temp;
alter :
alter table temp
add address varchar2(7);
alter table temp
drop column address;
----
drop table temp;
--- Rename
alter table temp
rename column id to emp_id;
-----------
--truncate
truncate table temp;

CTAS:
create table emp3 as select * from emp where 1=2;
select * from emp2;
drop table emp2;
-----------------------------------------------
DML:
SELECT * FROM EMP;
SELECT * FROM EMP where deptno = 10;
select sal*12,ename,DEPTNO,sal from emp where ename = 'CLARK';
select 2+3 from dual;
select sysdate,2+6,4*6 from dual;
--SELECT * FROM EMP where 10 =deptno;
--insert
insert into temp values(9,'Ram');
insert into temp(name) values('Ajay');
select * FROM temp where name = 'Ram';
commit;
rollback;
---update:
update temp
set name = 'RAJ'
where emp_id = 9;

update temp
set name = 'viki';
---------------------- delete
delete from temp where emp_id =1;
delete from temp;
-------------------------
select * from temp;
DCL:
GRANT select,update,delete on temp to user_name;
REVOKE delete on temp from user_name;
------------------------
TCL:

commit;
Rollback;
------------------------------
-- math:
= ,< ,> ,<> or !=
select * from emp where empno = 7788;
--select * from emp where 7788 = empno;
SELECT * FROM EMP where sal >= 2000;
SELECT * FROM EMP where sal != 3000;

select * from emp where comm is null;

select * from emp where comm is not null;

--between
SELECT * FROM EMP where sal between 2000 and 4000;
-- like
SELECT * FROM EMP where ename like 'B%';
SELECT * FROM EMP where ename like '%T';
SELECT * FROM EMP where ename like '_A%';

SELECT * FROM EMP where ename like '%C%T%';

'%deepak'
'Viki%'
'Raj'
SELECT * FROM EMP where ename like '%A%';
-----------------------order by
SELECT * FROM EMP order by sal;
SELECT * FROM EMP order by sal ;
select * from emp order by comm desc;
select * from emp order by comm desc nulls last;
SELECT * FROM EMP order by sal,comm asc;

---nulls last;
------------------------ and or
SELECT * FROM EMP where empno = 7788 or ename ='KING';
SELECT * FROM EMP where empno = 7788 and ename ='SCOTT';
------------ in
SELECT * FROM EMP where empno = 7788 or empno =7839;
SELECT * FROM EMP where empno in (7788,7839,7564);
----------------------------------
self op.
a 1 2 3
b 2 3 4
create table emp_10 as select * from emp where deptno = 10;
SELECT * FROM emp
union all
SELECT * FROM emp_10;
SELECT * FROM emp
minus
SELECT * FROM emp_10;

SELECT sal FROM emp

INTERSECT
SELECT sal FROM emp_10;
--CONSTRAINT:
CREATE TABLE employees11(
employee_id NUMBER(6),
first_name VARCHAR2(20),
job_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT emp_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (EMPLOYEE_ID));
SELECT * FROM employees11;
insert into employees11
values(1,'Navin','sale');
CREATE TABLE employees1(
employee_id NUMBER(6),
first_name VARCHAR2(20),
job_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT emp_id_name_pk PRIMARY KEY (EMPLOYEE_ID,first_name));

1 deep
1 navin
1 deep -
2 navin -
1 navin -
SELECT * FROM employees11;
CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER (ID VARCHAR2 (100), SAL number(4),
CONSTRAINT UK_COL1 UNIQUE (id));
1
null
2
3
1
null
CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER (COL1 VARCHAR2 (100), id number(4),
CONSTRAINT UK_COL1 UNIQUE (id,col1));
SELECT * FROM emp;
SELECT * FROM DEPT;

CREATE TABLE employees12(

employee_id NUMBER(6),
last_name VARCHAR2(25) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR2(25),
salary NUMBER(8,2),
commission_pct NUMBER(2,2),
hire_date DATE NOT NULL,
department_id NUMBER(4),
CONSTRAINT emp_dept_fk FOREIGN KEY (department_id)
REFERENCES departments(department_id));
-- drop constraint emp_dept_fk;
--select * from user_constraints c where c.constraint_name = 'emp_dept_fk';
DELETE FROM DEPT WHERE DEPTNO =10;
REFERENCES departments(department_id) on delete set null/on delete cascade);
******************************************* 2nd ********************************
*********************************************

--Function
SELECT * FROM EMP ;
---singel Row:
--upper,lower,inticap,
SELECT * FROM EMP where ename = 'King';
select * from EMP where upper(ename) = upper('kIng');
select lower(ename),upper(ename) from EMP where lower(ename) = lower('SCOTT');
SELECT initcap(ename),ename FROM emp;

select ename,sal from emp;

select concat(ename,sal) from emp;
select concat(ename, ' Having ') from emp;
select concat(ename, concat(' having ', concat('salary ',sal))) from emp; --ki
ng having 'salary 5000'
-- pipe ||
SELECT ename || sal from emp;
select (ename || ' having salary ' || sal || ' from dept no. ' ||deptno) salary
from emp;
-- substr
select ename, substr(ename,1,3) from emp;
--instr find numbric position in string
select ename,instr(ename,'T') from emp;
select ename,instr(ename,'T',1,2) from emp;
SELECT length(ename),ename from emp;
select trim(' deepak ') from dual;
select rtrim(' deepak ') from dual;

lpad:
select lpad(ename,8,'*'),ename from emp;
select rpad(ename,8,'*'),ename from emp;
select *from emp;
-------- Math
SELECT AVG(COMM) FROM EMP;
SELECT count(*) FROM EMP;
SELECT COUNT(comm)FROM EMP;
SELECT * FROM emp;
SELECT COUNT (DISTINCT SAL)FROM EMP;
SELECT MAX(SAL) FROM EMP;
SELECT MIN(SAL) FROM EMP;
SELECT MIN(COMM)FROM EMP;
SELECT SUM(SAL)FROM EMP;