Drum - Vertical Wire Mesh Mist Eliminator

Reference
Reference Data
Allowable K factor
JGC BD Manual 210-120-1-22E "Drums", Section 3.4.3, Table 3.4.3a
Separator type K, m/s

Horizontal (with vertical pad) 0.122 to 0.152
Sperical 0.061 to 0.107
Vert. or Horiz. (with horizontal pad)
at atmospheric pressure 0.110
at 20kg/cm2G (300psig) 0.101
at 40kg/cm2G (600psig) 0.091
at 60kg/cm2G (900psig) 0.082
at 100kg/cm2G (1500psig) 0.064
Wet steam 0.076
Most vapors under vacuum 0.061
Salt & Caustic Evaporators 0.046
Wire mesh basic data

JGC BD Manual 210-120-1-22E "Drums", Section 3.4.3, Table 3.4.3c
Type of wire mesh York 421 York 431 York 326 York 931
Specific surface area a m2/m3 361 279 460 151
Void fraction epsi - 0.977 0.982 0.984 0.99
Density kg/m3 192 144 128 80
Wire diameter mm 0.279 0.279 0.152 0.279
Shell material data
SA515 SA240
Material Specification
Gr.60 Gr.304
Material CS SUS
Allowable tensile stress (<343 deg.C) ATS kg/mm2 10.5 7.5
Metal density rhoMet kg/m3 7850 7930
Corrosion allowance CA mm 3.2 0
-1-
Project: xxx project Vertical Wire Mesh Mist Eliminator Revision:
Job code: Version 0.0 released on February 15, 2004 Date:
Client: Input data Prp'd:
Item No.: D101 Optional data Chk'd:
Service: Flash Drum Trial calculation App'd:
Rev. Subject and description Symbol Unit Calculation field Note Calculation procedure and formula
Operating Condition Reference and technical notes:

Design case: Case A
Operation Design
Temperature To, Td deg.C 55 85
Pressure Po, Pd kg/cm2G 0.88 5
Vapor Liquid Total

Mass flow rate FV, FL kg/h 1295 10000 11295
Density rhoV, rhoL kg/m3 4.28 1000 36.1
Viscosity visV, visL cP 0.012 0.252 0.0765
Volume flow rate QV, QL m3/h 302.6 10.0 312.6
Vessel Dimension Selected Required

Diameter D mm 1000 386 OK >= (Calc'd D1)+100mm
Height H mm 2800 2800 OK >= twm+H1+H2+H3+H4
Head shape - 0 2:1 Ellipsoidal 0=2:1 Ellipsoidal, 1=Spherical, 2=10% Dish
Drum cross sectional area A m2 0.785 = pi()/4 x (D/1000)^2
H/D ratio H/D - 2.80 = H/D
Required Diameter of wire mesh

Type of wire mesh York 421 or equivalent
Thickness twm mm 100 Standard 100mm
Specific surface area a m2/m3 361
Void fraction epsi - 0.977
Design Rating DR % 85 Standard 85%. For other condition, refer to BD Manual.
Allowable K K m/s 0.101 Specify from Table 3.4.3a
Density parameter - 15.253 = sqrt((rhoL-rhoV) / rhoV)
Maximum allow. vapor velocity Va m/s 1.309 = K x DR/100 x (Density parameter)
Wire mesh diameter Calc'd D1 mm 286 = 1000 x sqrt{4/pi() x QV/3600 / Va}
Selected wire mesh diameter D1 mm 500 OK Round up Calc'd D1
Vapor velocity based on D1 Vc m/s #VALUE! = Velocity(D1, FV, rhoV)
Turn down check - Gravity separation without wire mesh

Minimum face velocity at mesh Vm m/s 0.393 = 0.3Ua, minimum 0.15m/s
Superficial velocity in drum Vsm m/s 0.098 = Vm x (D1/D)^2
Drop diameter d micron 150 Standard 150micron from BD Manual
Terminal velocity of drop Vt m/s #VALUE! #VALUE! = Vterm(d, rhoL, rhoV, visV)
Reynolds No. of drop Re - #VALUE! = DropReynolds(Vt, d, rhoV, visV)
Drag coefficient Cdrag - #VALUE! = DragCoeff(Re)
Height of Vapor Space Selected Required

Height from top of mesh to TL H4 mm 150 150 OK = 0.15D, mimimum 150mm
Disengaging ht. above nozzle CL H1 mm 600 600 OK = 0.5D, mimimum 600mm
Height from HHLL to nozzle CL H2 mm 350 350 OK = Max(0.3D, Dn/2+150mm, 350mm)
Liquid Residence Time

Level Vol. (m3) delta-Vol RT (min) Req'd RT Note
HHLL from TL H3 mm 1600 1.257
0.196 1.18 1 OK
HLL from TL mm 1350 1.060
0.275 1.65 1.5 OK
NLL from TL mm 1000 0.785
0.275 1.65 1.5 OK
LLL from TL mm 650 0.511
0.196 1.18 1 OK
LLLL from TL mm 400 0.314 #VALUE!
0.314 1.88 0
TL mm 0 0.000
Feed Nozzle
Inlet feed nozzle size Dn mm 97.2
Nozzle velocity Vn m/s #VALUE! = Velocity(Dn, TotalMassFlow, MixDensity)
dP100 in inlet piping kg/cm2/100m #VALUE! = deltaP100(Dn, TotalMassFlow, MixDensity, MixViscosity)
Reynolds No. - #VALUE! = Reynolds(Dn, TotalMassFlow, MixDensity, MixViscosity)
Nozzle expansion deltaP dPn kg/cm2 #VALUE! = 1.0 x (MixDensity x Vn^2 / 2)/9.81/10000
Nozzle rho-V^2 rV2n kg/m/s2 #VALUE! #VALUE! = (MixDensity) x Vn^2
Nozzle baffle width Bw mm 160 = Dn + 60

Nozzle baffle height Bh mm 150 = Dn + 50
Nozzle baffle distance Bd mm 100 = 0.5Dn, minimum 100mm
Baffle flow area Ab m2 0.0460 = (Bw + 2xBh)/1000) x (Bd/1000)
Baffle exit velocity Vb m/s 1.89 = (TotalVolumeFlow)/3600/Ab
Baffle rho-V^2 rV2b kg/m/s2 129 = (MixDensity) x Vb^2
Space betw'n Baffle BTM and HHLL mm 275 = H2 - Bh/2
Outlet Nozzles Vapor Liquid

Nozzle size Do mm 97.2 73.7
Velocity Vo m/s #VALUE! #VALUE! = Velocity(Do, FlowRate, Density)
dP100 in outlet piping kg/cm2/100m #VALUE! #VALUE! = deltaP100(Do, FlowRate, Density, Viscosity)
Reynolds No. - #VALUE! #VALUE! = Reynolds(Do, FlowRate, Density, Viscosity)
Nozzle contraction deltaP dPo kg/cm2 #VALUE! #VALUE! = 0.5 x (Density x Vo^2 / 2)/9.81/10000
Nozzle rho-V^2 rV2o kg/m/s2 #VALUE! #VALUE! = Density x Vo^2
Pressure Drop of Wire Mesh

Dry pressure drop dPdry mm-H2O #VALUE! = dPdry_WireMesh(FV, rhoV, visV, D1, twm, a, epsi)
Wet pressure drop dPwet mm-H2O #VALUE! = dPwet_WireMesh(FV, rhoV, rhoL, D1) at L=160 lb/h.ft2
Wire mesh pressure drop dPwire mm-H2O #VALUE! = dPdry + dPwet
kg/cm2 #VALUE! = dPwire/10000
Total pressure drop incl. Nozzles dPt kg/cm2 #VALUE! = dPn+dPo(vapor)+dPwire
Supplemental Data
Head depth / Shell diameter k - 0.25 = 0.25 for 2:1 Ellip, 0.5 for Spherical, 0.189 for 10% Dish
<Volume>
Head volume/head Ch m3 0.131 = pi()/6 x k x (D/1000)^3
Liquid vol. BTM TL - HHLL CL m3 1.257 = Volume of HHLL
Total liquid inventory CLt m3 1.388 = Ch + CL
Vapor vol. HHLL - TOP TL CV m3 0.942 = A x (H - H3)/1000
Total vapor inventory CVt m3 1.073 = Ch + CV
Total vessel volume Ct m3 2.461 = CLt + CVt
Toatl liquid weight WLt kg 1388 = CLt x rhoL
Total vepor weight WVt kg 5 = CVt x rhoV
Total fluid operating weight Wt kg 1392 = WLt + WVt
File=346445481.xls, Sheet=ExampleCalc -2-

<Surface area>
Head shape factor s - 0.344 = {1 + 8 x k^2 x (1-k)}/4
Head surface area/head Ah m2 1.080 = s x pi() x (D/1000)^2
Shell surface area As m2 8.796 = pi() x (D/1000) x (H/1000)
Total surface area At m2 10.956 = As + 2xAh
Wet area below HHLL Aw m2 6.106 = pi() x (D/1000) x (H3/1000) + Ah
<Weight of drum - assuming 2:1 ellipsoidal head>

Material - SA515 Gr.60
Allowable tensile stress ATS kg/mm2 10.5
Metal density rhoMet kg/m3 7850
Weld efficiency of joint WE - 0.7 If t1>40mm, use WE=0.85.
Corrosion allowance CA mm 3.2
ANSI Flange rating Rating Lb. 150
Approx. shell thickness t1 mm #VALUE! = ShellThick(D, Pd, ATS, WE, CA)
Approx. head thickness (WE=1.0) t2 mm #VALUE! = HeadThick(D, Pd, ATS, 1.0, CA)
Approx. vessel weight W1 kg #VALUE! = (As x t1 + 2 x Ah x t2)/1000 x rhoMet
Nozzle - Feed W2 kg #VALUE! = NozzleWt(Dn/25.4, Rating, 0)
Nozzle - Vapor W3 kg #VALUE! = NozzleWt(DoV/25.4, Rating, 0)
Nozzle - Liquid W4 kg #VALUE! = NozzleWt(DoL/25.4, Rating, 0)
Nozzle - 24" MH W5 kg #VALUE! = NozzleWt(24", Rating, 1)
Approx. empty weight kg #VALUE! = W1+W2+W3+W4+W5
<Minimum distance of LG nozzle from TL >

LG Nozzle diameter dn mm 50
Minimum distance from TL mm #VALUE! = For t>=17, 75+dn+4xt1; For t<17, 125+dn+t1
Minimum visible point of LG mm #VALUE! = Minimum distance + 180mm
File=346445481.xls, Sheet=ExampleCalc -3-

Feature of Software
Standard software shall be applied as a product of LCE in order to minimize JGC's acceptance check.
Also, JGC's JOB instruction can be given modifying software.
To discuss about the requirement to our standard software, an example is prepared.
Although almost same functions are provided in the software produced before, the following features in the example should be considered:
(1) Proven VBA Functions are adopted (Common technical base).

(2) All calculation steps are clearly indicated so as to check by hand calculation (Traceability).
(3) Calculation record shall be understandable even after the project (Liable information beyond the time and the location).
(4) Standard reference data is available in the same software.
Furthermore, the following shall be considered.
(1) Reference of the calculation method shall be clear and reliable. Release note shall be prepared separately.
(2) Complete verification shall be done. When the software is released, debug data shall be opened.
(3) Revision history shall be shown on the software.
(4) Instruction on how to use the software shall be stated on the software.
(5) Technical support shall be provided in JGC group.
Sheet3
Comparison of Calculated and EDS data
Matr'l SA515 Gr.60

TS 10.5 kg/mm2
CA 3.2 mm
rhoM 7850 kg/m3
Shell ID Shell LengthDesign Pres Joint eff. Head JE Shell area Head area Shell th'k Head th'k Calc. wt. f(x) = 7521.0769230769x
ID L DP WE WE-head As Ah t1 t2 W W-graph Error% t1/ID Title
1000 2500 40 0.7 1 7.85 1.08 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 3700 #VALUE! #VALUE! 10000
1200 5000 40 0.7 1 18.85 1.56 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 7500 #VALUE! #VALUE!
2000 7500 40 0.85 1 47.12 4.32 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 22800 #VALUE! #VALUE! W-graph
2300 10000 40 0.85 0.85 72.26 5.72 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 38000 #VALUE! #VALUE! Linear (W-graph)
2600 10000 40 0.85 0.85 81.68 7.31 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 49000 #VALUE! #VALUE!
1000
1000 10000
ID L DP WE WE-head As Ah t1 t2 W W-graph Error% t1/ID
1200 5000 30 0.7 1 18.85 1.56 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 6200 #VALUE! #VALUE! f(x) = 13268.0392156863x
Title
10000
2900 10000 30 0.85 0.85 91.11 9.09 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 47000 #VALUE! #VALUE! W-graph
5500 20000 30 0.85 0.85 345.58 32.69 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 318000 #VALUE! #VALUE! 1000
6000 20000 30 0.85 0.85 376.99 38.91 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 385000 #VALUE! #VALUE! 1000 10000
ID L DP WE WE-head As Ah t1 t2 W W-graph Error% t1/ID f(x) = 9158.543417367x

1000 2500 20 0.7 1 7.85 1.08 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 2200 #VALUE! #VALUE! Chart Title
2600 10000 20 0.85 0.85 81.68 7.31 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 26500 #VALUE! #VALUE! W-graph
6000 20000 20 0.85 0.85 376.99 38.91 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 260000 #VALUE! #VALUE! 1000 10000
ID L DP WE WE-head As Ah t1 t2 W W-graph Error% t1/ID f(x) = 5783.6694677871x

1000 2500 10 0.7 1 7.85 1.08 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 1550 #VALUE! #VALUE! Title
W-graph
Linear (W-graph)
1000 10000
Ref : JPEP-0-1351-G-0313 "Basis of Weight Assumption for Static Equipment"

Nozzle weight Manhole weight Weight ratio with nozzle without cover plate.
Size 150# 300# 600# Size 150# 300# 600# Size 150# 300# 600#
2 6 7 8
4 12 16 27
6 22 30 52 6 40 60 110 6 1.82 2.00 2.12
8 34 47 73 8 60 90 160 8 1.76 1.91 2.19
10 50 65 130 10 90 140 270 10 1.80 2.15 2.08
12 70 100 160 12 130 210 340 12 1.86 2.10 2.13
16 115 165 290 16 210 340 600 16 1.83 2.06 2.07
18 125 210 330 18 260 430 720 18 2.08 2.05 2.18
20 150 260 420 20 330 530 910 20 2.20 2.04 2.17
24 210 360 560 24 460 800 1300 24 2.19 2.22 2.32
26 260 430
28 280 500
30 320 570 Flanged nozzle weight will be 2.2 times of ordinary nozzle.
32 370 630
34 400 720
36 450 780
W=a*X^b
a= 0.98 1.55 2.41
b= 1.71 1.71 1.71
Estimated nozzle weight
X 150# 300# 600#
2 3.2 5.1 7.9
4 10.5 16.6 25.8
6 21.0 33.2 51.6
8 34.3 54.3 84.4
10 50.3 79.5 123.6
12 68.6 108.6 168.8
16 112.3 177.6 276.1
18 137.3 217.2 337.7
20 164.4 260.1 404.4
24 224.6 355.2 552.3
26 257.5 407.3
28 292.3 462.4
30 328.9 520.2
32 367.3 580.9
34 407.4 644.4
36 449.3 710.6
(True value - Estimated value)/(True value)*100

X 150# 300# 600#
2 46.6 27.6 1.4
4 12.6 -3.7 4.5
6 4.6 -10.6 0.8
8 -0.9 -15.5 -15.6
10 -0.5 -22.3 4.9
12 1.9 -8.6 -5.5
16 2.4 -7.6 4.8
18 -9.9 -3.4 -2.3
20 -9.6 0.0 3.7
24 -6.9 1.3 1.4
26 0.9 5.3
28 -4.4 7.5
-6-
Sheet3
30 -2.8 8.7
32 0.7 7.8
34 -1.9 10.5
36 0.2 8.9
Good agreement for big size nozzle.
-7-
Wire Mesh Pressure Drop Correlation of Friction Factor
x=a*Re^b + C
a= 8
Wire Mesh Friction Factor
b= -0.67
Metric British c= 0.11 10
V 35250 kg/h 77712 lb/h
L 353 kg/h 778 lb/h Re fc-graph fc-calc error%
rhoV 25.1 kg/m3 1.566993 lb/ft3 10 1.9 1.82036967 4.19106992
rhoL 691 kg/m3 43.13913 lb/ft3 20 1.15 1.18497878 -3.0416327
visV 0.012 cP 0.012 cP 50 0.66 0.69180853 -4.8194742
Friction Factor
visL 0.252 cP 0.252 cP 100 0.48 0.47567055 0.9019684
200 0.35 0.33982639 2.90674655 1 fc-graph
Density factor 0.1941477462 0.1941477462 500 0.24 0.23438846 2.3381425 fc-calc
1000 0.18 0.18817898 -4.5438765
D 1300 mm 4.2650918635 ft 2500 0.15 0.15231265 -1.5417638
D1 1200 mm 3.937007874 ft
Twm 100 mm 0.3280839895 ft
a 361 m2/m3 110 ft2/ft3 0.1

eps 0.977 0.977 10 100 1000 10000
gc 9.81 32.2 Re
u 0.3449296483 m/s 1.1316589512 ft/s
K=u*DensityFactor 0.0669673138 0.2197090348
ReV 1999 1999
fc 0.1591598333 0.1591481409 Wet Pressure Drop
K L-load ReV ReL dPL dPdry =dPL+dPdry hlp
Constant 1.004 0.193 0.1 16.5 161 0.0172 0.016 0.0677 0.0837 0.009
dPdry 1.8830266413 mm-H2O 0.0740790187 in-H2O 0.2 16.5 323 0.0172 0.041 0.206 0.247 0.0096
by function #VALUE! 0.3 16.5 484 0.0172 0.12 0.404 0.524 0.0397
0.4 16.5 646 0.0172 0.31 0.659 0.969 0.0817
0.1 160 161 0.167 0.017 0.0677 0.0847 0.0128
L-load 312.1 kg/h.m2 63.9 lb/h.ft2 0.2 160 323 0.167 0.068 0.206 0.274 0.0424
uL 3.13676362E-005 0.0001029122 0.3 160 484 0.167 0.28 0.404 0.684 0.1192
ReL 0.2382605265 0.2382605265 0.37 160 597 0.167 0.8 0.577 1.377 0.2145
dPwet 2.3516740921 mm-H2O 0.0925855942 inch-H2O 0.1 935 161 0.976 0.019 0.0677 0.0867 0.0204
by function #VALUE! 0.2 935 323 0.976 0.14 0.206 0.346 0.112
0.28 935 452 0.976 0.8 0.36 1.16 0.2843
Curve fit at L-load=160 lb/h.ft2

y=a*ecp[b*x] 0.9
a= 0.004
b= 14.3 0.8
0.7
K dPL dPL-calc error%
0.6
0.1 0.017 0.0167148 1.67766607
0.2 0.068 0.06984611 -2.7148643 0.5
0.3 0.28 0.29186587 -4.2378121
0.37 0.8 0.79416747 0.72906598 0.4 dPL
dPL-calc
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
K

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Reference

Separator type K, m/s

Wire mesh basic data

Shell material data

Operating Condition Reference and technical notes:

Vapor Liquid Total

Vessel Dimension Selected Required

Required Diameter of wire mesh

Turn down check - Gravity separation without wire mesh

Height of Vapor Space Selected Required

Liquid Residence Time

Nozzle baffle width Bw mm 160 = Dn + 60

Outlet Nozzles Vapor Liquid

Pressure Drop of Wire Mesh

File=346445481.xls, Sheet=ExampleCalc -2-

<Weight of drum - assuming 2:1 ellipsoidal head>

<Minimum distance of LG nozzle from TL >

File=346445481.xls, Sheet=ExampleCalc -3-

To discuss about the requirement to our standard software, an example is prepared.

(1) Proven VBA Functions are adopted (Common technical base).

Furthermore, the following shall be considered.

Matr'l SA515 Gr.60

ID L DP WE WE-head As Ah t1 t2 W W-graph Error% t1/ID f(x) = 9158.543417367x

ID L DP WE WE-head As Ah t1 t2 W W-graph Error% t1/ID f(x) = 5783.6694677871x

Ref : JPEP-0-1351-G-0313 "Basis of Weight Assumption for Static Equipment"

(True value - Estimated value)/(True value)*100

Good agreement for big size nozzle.

a 361 m2/m3 110 ft2/ft3 0.1

Curve fit at L-load=160 lb/h.ft2

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