Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
APPENDIX 4
PIPELINE STRESS CALCULATIONS
ENCANA MID-TUPPER PIPELINES
"Sour
219.1 5.6 39.1 359 9,930 54 - 20 54.1% 72.0% -126 321 323 1.00
Service"
"Sour
114.3 3.2 35.7 359 9,930 40 - 20 49.4% 72.0% -96 274 323 1.00
Service"
* Additions SL = u x Sh Ec x alpha x ( T2 T1 )
Ec= 2.07E+08 kPa
alpha = 1.21E-05 where
u= 0.3 u = Poissons ratio
Ec = modulus of elasticity of steel, MPa
alpha = linear coefficient of thermal expansion, C1
T2 = maximum operating temperature, C
T1 = ambient temperature at time of restraint, C