Letir from the Governor of Quong-nam '@ the Commanding to the Foreign and Navy Ministers, Drouhin de Lhoys nd Duce, was nee Pe erie « Coprvaelie ted er the Coup et in France 2nd the raplicaon ofthe Le’ pretender tothe terry of Norh-Vietam, to Franc, war also snder-eximatel, afer the Crincan wer the Inperl Goverment of France dispatched. 1 Viesnm Chases de Monszny (Walewti wat then Foreign Minish fo aegis Toil, Monigny was inatscel an November 22,1855 te oeguiste with the Court of Baogiak: On December 2¢ only, Walewst (Later revived in the bay of Toutste 08 November 3, 855) “The Goversor of Quang-nam, province of the Grand Klogom of Viewam, afer aking orders fom tis high authorise, expos the fats 36 follows. To ierp the laws of the country endamaged ead cwpectedy be tole the folowing snewer after deep thiakng. Me. Levu, Caps ofa French with arrived fare. He began to feqlst that bot countries be Ted by a taty, he wae bearer of a oll Inter which explains “the intentions of te Preach Government of neotitag and ia. dextaiog ff immediate wat in cou of cefucl, Te war a> said in the leer chat by the reach far him ‘nricions ss to proceed t Towane andi t lodge” the Complanfs«enegee but moderate» gaan, the pereatons, The fll powers for nepinions wece sent to de Mossiay clr on March 7 836, hoe the segue ofthe Bri Government. The bat. inrasoos rechal (& Monty on May 285, hea fe ws onthe ay 10 Sinpee Buy bo the time, France was bay in aed of aaval vers; ob one side de. Montigy ded ot have alliciet naval frees 1 auppset Ms negsiton ent but engges the Vitaamese Goveratstt9 think seriously of i The Frech ves dine condesend tawaiteven one days the Coptaindinpatcned a ost 10. the iver mouth of Thuanan with he ewer. The mandain in vg of the post fad of endaning his pasitin, dazed not receive the Ser which woe fvally “id on the shove; and the vessel sid to “Tease, The andacin tok the Iter seit 10 Tourane The, the vs fot say expaonon, opened the fice upoa the forces of Totant, Gescoyed them and coapied them by force. The sles of the gers re capared, but were rad afernaris, After the evest, Captain Leleee “aquest ok, tice, an answer e the eter id at Hue (Thuat-an). The Prefect ofthe province oped the laters he was srcken by the sit of aie with which the eter wae worded ext but one thing hued the deceney {the ses (The mandarine in Tourane desired, on September a8, dat ‘he Misiten would equally asp the condons pit forwards ia the eres cf Mostgny, even they were fo excieg — as bal of a eresy, bat he fii ener war not submited to the spvereign, because is adres Wes King, tte lower than thet of Emperor of the Tresth. The of the eCapisinse», Collie, agreed to recy the ade as pet of Vietam and the eter was finally accepted by the monarch). 200 a the ott, the Preach vestls tioned ia China sn acted, without equate serdiation. ‘The «Cataats (regia sod spo HP warhig) eft Bangiok oa asgust 1, 1836 and aived at Tourae on September 36, hile de Mooteay was betwees Singapore and Kampot (Camb) Ler de Vilestr-Asce, Capes ofthe = Caat could not have the Iter of de Motiry recived ‘by the mandarns "mt Toutane and at Hue. lis sip. war quarantined 38 ‘he harbour of Tourane stranded By the bates aaore afraté of beak ied by ee coal bates, Llu di, a Comelove Lape sine yest previously — Oa Setesibe 26, he Bomar the cous Ditties and ended ‘he Marie Corpse which apres 66 guns ofthe bates “rhe + Caprica leit Kampat on Osober7 ad joined the «Cant at Tourate oa Ocnber 24 The incidents already tok plas. Her Captain Colic, succeade to gt in ouch with the mandarns who showed temclen concisting. Here ais ae the corespoadeces exchanged bene the Fret Officers ad the mandir, fer the French eaval attack upon the Harbour Tore took pice. 8Sa One coe alk of trety after sestfction (of the le Contequently 4 rary was dispatched to Captain Caller who tad fllomedclnly Cape ‘sin Lelese. Both Capise took ere of sectyng the ltr ad promied ‘hat we could bave confidence in Shem, that bok conics wil be united fy Alita eit i theta thet sal bem grou for col Ihe and bresking wp, that the French ease will have ao pretense to deseoy canal hntarie or # sink dowa Vieamose vesicle a wat done previously, The mandavias as sxbaited the lever, afer retfation — bout the frteses wee raed down they could by meats be coset Sashes Som te Governor of the province Qugna of dhe Grand Kingdom “of Viewn aster, authored by his Ng authorises ‘The Contodore finds thet he anewer bets + conning chars ‘he wither to addr hie tanks tthe wry ilatrinas Governor. He sees tint, When the Captain of the “Caiat> set Boat t2 Thist-0, witout “beritgeay wean, tis to sy in endly es — the bontnan was received ‘wih an icuking discon (I: i 00 sees that Tadic focade sly ll ‘mandates, under the penly of deat w get ia touch with the Europes, watever Kind of reladone hal ea be that asthe reason why the Offi Uwe Freadh ate sinone and yal, they ae shed wo obey the OR alee.) Bee ea eee eee ‘May the mondaia who had been afi of endangering his positon, pe a kes pol ae a i a ye the same fear ia the following days and had not accepted all the more ae, ee eae are 8 eee eae cl Iter The sf wo actept the ltr of 20 poteral sovereign, Tega orsh idre ti rlcreihicr ica Yetta, 4 the Enperor ofthe Feench, wa anew aod great abate. The Catia? ced wih pest moderato, snc tnd no oer mess 0 ary out the ler which I had given, wich eto have the leer sated is addeemne at ‘These explanations ae given cei in privacy, for it seems becoming a wat te Freie Aneta with wiom ye wil doa oa tl teeny; then it wll be goog raps The French veum should nave Cenfience in aur wwefaner, and in the treaty Between Both couse, ‘her should be auficieney confident ia restoring fren. When the «Catnats came back to Tourine, conics wit ie were forbidden he mas kept apart ke leper 5 old then the tain believe in your feply intentions? His veel wat uroonded by Geni forces; che lates, inlay let, began to become busy with fecening aniviy. He wrote you, iformil you that fe could not rman seer of the hose prepantions, He was sot amewered. Sbald the in ve not prevented a iapediog aac aad bloodshed? Tostid such sinorne, he aced in acvaoce aud It tuoed tht farenesusharmful i deswoying the instruments which should make an liane testy Has the ated, in he ccamstnes, with great ‘of Quang-em, q : Your formeses were sot occupied, and the Captsin went 9p (© not the Frenck flag upon the fos which he had masered a he your tionality. The Governor will apprecse te flacsing the Captsia tapes — towards the Grand Kingdom of Vetta. The au Finally, the Ambssdor, st his aivaeeld have the same com fidence and be scared wo et up a Weary based upon ou ws CCapsns Tetcur aod Colier of the Preach vesels should waders and fave coaideoes, (Ree seas of the sthories of Torste) . ‘Answer from Capisin Collier 10 the Governor of the provines ‘Aboard the « Crprisoute at Touran, November 9, 2856 + Com ore Coles, Conminierin-Chiet of the verde of His Majety, the Emperor of the Feat, before Toure, tas shoowledped cecipt of 210Catan * wat compels to fxst upon sectring am answer: How ad the CCaptin tate to know your srapgenext. Hew our Plnipotenty should be rexived, An unbecoming wekome cold lad to # diene war which har col be pee to pat the Tortus and the bates back tothe Goreme, My the very htrious Governor waertand and have confidence Jes Colter De Monsgay ative st Teurmne oa January 25, 1857, aboard che old vere areas. Only the « Cpricesse»remsined in Tourane; Admi- Desi Giern ited the = Cita» back to Chis where he sution wa “becoming tense ‘Aer de bombardment of Touran, the concating party seemed have mon over for a Sor sine, the Coit of His. ut quishy, the Cour sates naeace Sexe that by tre, i 1847 and 2856, the French varie “shaled Teun, yt ard pt go forward, despite the sues; dust condued eo hay tat they could ot face the war on land. Tae ego's coming Hie wee iterated e oppose de Montigay’s negtaons with a bad hey this proposed the following peennble: «The Emperor of the ry ving bgp by the Grand Elnpere of Vieni. peace he sh faking tot of His companion and wishes to prant Him that Fave i his apprescies seal, de Montzoy declared openly «you want ce Ie waimake it; you want a, lets fight eachother» The megta- ‘wet on fr Eten diye toon with go zen Before leaving Toure, Febery 4, de Moctigey notified to the Cour she following deft of the be prevented “The Commodore hit thee anid at Toure. His fst care wan to order tht yout traditions be seapiced, az well a the public ‘nd pete proper Sioce then bas the Goveiior Enown avy reprehensible act onthe prt of the French. The Commodece thitks dst there i none, and he TEnows ay of them he ill ponsh severdy the pero who this snide When your exvoys arved, the Commodore asured thm of his frend ipo, Later, they have requested that 2 recifeation be made 5a Tere to the decency and ites, The Consmodore was nor entitled o do 39, sac the leer was not ten by Mell. Nevertheless, in a sit of cone Slinion, whith Ae hopes tht the Goreror will aadersand-he kas auton five he retfiaton, The Comtnadore has coSience in the pombe of non phish wan made by the Govecor, The fruetes were not ruined down they even seed slighty fom damages; the arly only was taken of the gunpowder was sucked im wate, The French deplore sro do te cece sntion to which they were compelled. 0 tae. They recognize (ersblibed authortze and are Happy thatthe Grasd Kingdom of Vie Trout not ie to be the only ose that i in digrecment with Prance Comores 10 the explanations given in oviaty answers kee He th thot is mothe oat untl the aval of the Pleiptentory to di fn the teaty aed he asepte with phere the aiance hat it wil com wil i, Se Mansgoy had dred she sok of sminton and flee ee eae aa eg erence Pena boon Set ea Soa p promizet > come o Tourane with « fleet of thee Brit resis 0 ert the Blontiny's megstistions Finally due to she tare situation fm tos Si Joh never wes to Vietnam. rapidly “The Commedore has confidence ia your tunes fe cms re cal feng.» I is becoming to avid any move in atilliey which her the confleace of the Preach; the Fereses and. batteries shall ‘eain inthe sme sate; the Contmodore wil 2ot peonit any Preach Commie any damage. When the Went will al our alae tbe Comm Draft Agreement notified by de. Montigny fo the Court of Hue: fFebrucry 1857) f HLM. the Empeso of the Frendh ad HM, the Espero of Vietnam ete dest pet ic see Uae thclgeod etniony with coed ily beoreen France and Viton tid frie the developoeat of on ascommerce telations betwen the reps countries, have resolved coclde frond tcaty of commerce and marine navigation bus! ype the common: interest of both counties. (hms 20.— The Frac wahipa shal be fee te coe the neta Viet and enter ee harbour lane 25.~ The raicaons of the teaty mast be terminated before Cla r= "Thee will Be conetant peace and ctecaning hentai : 4 Yess ends that afe the signaare of he ney... ‘beween oth tates ‘Coue — A Presch Connuats sal beset up at He, 52000 athe preset weaty will beatified by both Goveraments The Brite of Vitam Aosta 1 i agreed thatthe preset ety has nothing in on wit that signed on November 28,787, which contiaues to have ote and fal effec. H. M. Emperor Nspoton I ream t keep for And His sucesors, the rg to have the xyy Tieaty cid out in he terms of the present teaty will a be sosrately and tly sox by H. Mi. Toduc, his runes std hein,» Chau 5. French sujet wil exoy inthe wine teioy of Viet fe fccdom of belief andthe feenlor of erecting church whete the ea vthorit wl indict, aise sproomen wit the French Cons tne 4— "The elie agin the Catholic Chvitanity shall be at once titel at the clases of posal asst dhe irs hall be ers out fae La cade of the Pie ‘Alt the fre of the de Momigay’s ngpistions Monsigaor Reet bitery: Ove pile compatiots have ets be patriots have left ao een i the cs ie, afte inching it agsicat ce They came without being eld by ad et ter having jerpardied our ives They have beg by a beavdo CCuse The Catholic praised i the Empire of Veta, ever ave ned by acowatdice ince two cenurie, shall be frch tow onwards consfered at one of the ‘Ste rela; the Vietamen shall not be compelled to any reigns ast entray to ther sligon or conscience and belt. Clase fs—The Catbnlic misinaries shall be feet preach the Goel to contrac chushes, smite o°achool, beeps and other pious Eudes i acy point the epi of Vier. They shal be fe to trvel houghout the Boor, provided tat they mist be halder of she legal papers sued by the French Conml, cia the abance ofthe Iter by thes Daher obi Scie ‘The ime was wp foe France 20 take fina ft decison of witary ito in Vitam only 157, The i wats ct whe te Matt ronousced the verdict, the Council of Ministers proved by mit 1857; aod oraninity was gathered. Following were the main fnflaacag. rently the Imperial decison. Fit, Napoleon It Prince oa June 14, 1856 was the pitch of the alance beeween| escly a the Cunic Church. Tn the elestins of Jane 185, mass srs in favour ofthe Ieper! candidates. Tas it was very hand or ' fguore the ages ofthe missionaries and of the Hesis of the of Fora Mision ia Pars, ‘Clase j-—The clues 3, 4,5 and 6 shall be made known to the ‘provincial authorities so that they wil oot fm the fut, take vena fmewuces agaist the eal converts. Clase go The French sbjets stall be authorized to move within the Emit ed 0 tad fn al sate. 24 Stconl, Empress Eugenie de Mowsp fad known Monsigee Diss in a vhen abe was bt a young. Lay. Very enlly by nate, the in. felt with pet snes the persecutions in Viena j she then knew tat sin North-Vietnam, Moved by peoeal ienship at acted in het asion pee the Bnpress would have dered at Birigs «We have to svenge out sar» ‘ecbably the Empress had conbibued great deal to the influense ‘upon the decision of berets husband ‘Thin the Press camnsen aderalen by the Catholic cicle in P sind he fuel to the fire. Ealghtened. by Monsignor Pellerin, the Vest ‘roe iad in fvour of the metry intervention. Loci in his new ‘pet Univers» and Bogene with iis book #La Cochinchine et Ie Tookin* ‘ought a dace support in favour of the misionarez. The Veulo: w ‘esdes supported bythe Ruey Captain, Makonoewve, clus who wrote rel and made perple Blieeed easly, wih bis wings and tad the cu poate in his nl by Father Lib, His wekings were sbanited to Empeee [Nepolion 1 to Minister Billlt and Rouber a8 well st to the Sent Father Legian des Litae, coming back to France from Nort-Vietsa [By the end of 2836, Frans joined Greerinia ia the War spit fh view ot eeviing the Nanking Treaty of 1842, Fane alo wed ‘st pretext the masse of Father Chapdshne exesuted by the Chinas at ‘Kang in February. The Freach Envoy protted energetically and in the yes 4856 — de Wat mas deited to Chins in a jist cmpsgn. War ‘yas delved aad aldol the outbresk of the Todian uty at the epasiog of sy aed the acl opening of ie, = er ct jn 3858 brought China to terms, The Later was sticken moreover Gril war hy the serous Taiping Reblog, which for thcten yeas, 852 10 186 devided China in che interest of « counter dynastic erent it was sippeesd with the help of General Gordon ia 863-6). the teria of pee mere rated, war broke ot agsn- Dung these es the beivfel Sammer Pale was destoyed senslesly by the fein station forthe tnrtue bythe Chinese of ascot prisoners. 1856, wiote an ofginal Mem in wick he exposed clearly and in ‘the room al the mens to ake 4 pope actin agaist Indochina Fourth, the Pranco-bish beetathood ia arte sealed up in Crimean War was going ona Fait; hareupon both aval Forces Foindy aod severly in the war in China which ended by dhe capa of ton, in Deceniber 1857. Desder, the toubes in Yin which enmioated sting in Jone 2857, took all Brith axenton in shat area that hey tardy ine o compete with Fraace ia Viens. a 1857, Napoleon TI ‘The AncloFreach advatced upon Peking fed to the sexumption egisons, and peace tty wat Szally aifed. in what was Inown ‘he Tienssin Trent of 2861. (On Juuly 15, 2857, Adaiel Rigult de Gencuily who had distin= el hse in the sige of Sebsropol wat pointe, in place of ‘Guern-Commanier Chie the French Fores in FarPist. Aer ‘pido vis © Queen Vitda in Osborne ving tescved the insractnae fom Count de Walewsi, Adair Hame- Tit, ig Noval Fores, France had by dnc dine the etree Miniter of the Navy, inssueed in. ton Rigas de Geol, oa the imerrentn in China tat Pet wat zioorced by eght vesels fm TNovenier 25, 1Bs7-to male edemonnations» of Forces in view of ste- tegianing of 1857, Thus France fl strong eaugh 9 carry out the interven for the end of pesciton of the Clrisiaes in Vets. The is Seah the, tamocre ofthe Seale Biko, Moe Dine re mere tered etc»; thit tony that the Adi. Commander totic Vier in Nost.Viemam, st Nam-dinh, on July 2, 1857 ant data il sould have geet Inte in deciding the tes tobe taken, without Monsignor Mihi in July 1838, were bat efficent grounds for t GGovernnental pins forte fur. Pais dchoaed er burden upon French expedisoa upon Teaate; eventhough the desea was, made shoals of the exeutat of the military. The ony, thing definite inthe [Nepolon IE sine Joly 1857, the vigrous campaign made by th CGosernies’s nin, it was the expton upon Views be considered as Sonata and she Cohoic pes continued tte to force upon the ‘sppenage of tha sent to China thos twas depending upon he wil aad door; everthles al that deserved. to quicken te Sench immeae act ‘of Baron Gros who rele de Bouroulos in Chins 216 arto ste the greatest Lahude oul infer and go fuer in detail as [the proper meaning in the way to tur them ito consodasng the futons which France shold have to exert upon Vistas, : I ingivig up shat combinason, the Admizl chinks dae he has fico 2 wety, fe sal ue hie woot effores to have i i accindance the project whose copy is herewith enclose... Letter from Count de Walewekt Foreign Minister fo Admirat Homelin, Minster ofthe Imperial Navy (November 25, 1857) |The Brperr as decile da te Commandeeia-Chiet of the Raval “ston in Chins shal fe ia clare of the cask ceading 2 sighing out gre once visdvis the Hig of Vieiam and ae enabling rltons with that Kingdom (will inform you about the view point of oat Mins) In either Iypotiey shoud be able to kasp the pouason “The Goverameatof Vietnam, despite the support of France roagt 1 in pursuance ofa teny-nd renewed the pesestons upon our missin 1 fad consol refed teeter the enya cose relations itl France, We shail be lable to cetaiafaue in aswoctig to Adiral Raul ie Geacaiy to senixe aegtiations.. Upoa his rial the Adal sal osspy the bay and seortory of Toursne. Ar toon athe hae mated the sing eal ew the sluation im relying upon the iaformsions gathered. on the spot. On ont side, Re mar ke inn ssecust the importance ofthe tla f0 be obiines; onthe other, the probable sificer and the chan to fetch the aim, He bas t consider whether bis effoe will be tending tomands exiblishing 2 protectorate apon Viewan, or wwanle condating 2 ety ofaliance, commere and sivignin ; ft ths soul be, thea the ‘ieaty sal embody the terms of sunbleeedreing the perestooe rouge sist ou missinarie; the fare aepusd apsnn the pensions mae. bie ste split therein. The Emperor celes extely ypon the agecty ‘of Rgnlt de Genouily concerning the choise of ether a. The Adm Ing att the.emterriseacoding © dhe meant of atom at ib poe ‘Once Towne in oswied, the Commanderia-Chiet jugs that theca eablsh by» rpalt and solemn agieomest the protic Som France, he should aot loot sght of the fet tat che protection roger seni the sting of the rons beeen she protected ste asd oer Pores te atonal ester of wademen and asvgnoe ofthe p ting Stat he exaive jardin of the agents ofthe protect upon al few subjects Thee prime ele of the protatonte crate conequecee which vay accorting tthe rcammances an se shape and form of the rotted Goveraest, Adil Rigult de Gesuly, 1 whom the Empetce 218 “Toure 2: pusranee ofthe eine eaten ofthe engagements enderihon the Vieramese Gowerniat ... and to act a promptly 22 posible, ver the Emperce des noe mest 49 oily or srpend the seitance ‘Admiral Risk de Gepouily mux brig tothe tision whderthon Me. Gros. He mst the all steps zo that te Preach operations cated Gn China in concert with the ish naval Force, sould moe be hindered» ‘The sme day, Adniat Hamelin, Mini of the Navy see the flloe Tener fo Alstal Rgsle de Genouly, which lever rexchod ie sderit-Chit only fo Jamuary 858, afer the fall of Coston in the ith hands Pati, November 5, 2857 Mr, Rea-Adniol, the Emperor is wing to put 22 end wo the patecuonsagist she Caritas in Viesmm spd o> amare tothe the afeaious aid coming fem France, Conequety, His Majty fd hat the forces under yous command should be Hncresed to thee ‘more «500 round forces sen, The reinforcements wil be leaving France as soon at poate... The demoasuaton spina Vitam be evformed witb dey. You wil led the operations Yous, Prstence is ot requzed on the China coasts... Do not fret thst sp the immediste acon shal be 2 svizay aeesary mewure in ender nthe teary of one Fares inthe China water. In al ems the demonstration mist be cried out by you o by one ofthe Offices stall; Tourane muse be immediatly ken over and your Fores | be aublished therexpon stringy, When you hive 19 coe back 4 sas ll meses hl be theain over tase the sey of th ron 2025, 88, date by which the independence of Veta cme (0am ‘withthe end of hie ele Tea ded in July af the se year ‘Brea dough by 1883, Vieman was completely under the doniston ace, the Fresh onguert was by no means completed; the fel patio= ito raed is banner sae Saigon was taken ever (859) toneves end ist to reson bythe murder of Npeyen-tha-Hoc Leader of the Notional. of View in Norhieiam on June 26, 2935. “set up at Testa. IF the expan take place prion to the stv of informa you all wx them to coneldte out positon in Vistar “The French cxpoltan agian Chins, jonly with the sk Fore tested ia the Beat victory. The fortes of Talo a de mouth of the Peto war token of ay 20,2858; andthe Sian Freach treaty war sige “en-tin June 2. ‘Aber ti aval ccs, Rigat de Geaouly led the Pet to “Touane where ke served y the eal of August 1858. The Freach Forces ow comprised 24 warships and soo men, wete supported by 4 Spa ‘ysl ectuding ajo Spunids wader the Command of Colo! Pataca ‘Addis Rizal de Gencully ed the options aboad the Sagship ‘eset on which boarded Monsignos Pella acting 38 politi and tse of the Commander ia. Chie CONCLUSION From the seveatenth to the wlnetenth century, the Weserers Had ride the Asian ouates for tei owe becelit il the coflet was the ier of the evo ciiztion, amely, the Clrina Gulization and (1d Indo-chisere cvinon, The Stir of the confit lay in the isu, the outome of the encounter, is hit conflict, Japan wat much Ged 10 cope with the Christian ization, whl in Chins apd in Vitam, the Siac cvlization was defeated the Westra cviition, before both eouatie had become convinced, Inreaponding 1 the challenge, Vietnam filed because ofthe flowin 11. Thesbelute monarchy was trish by theo diaorian ical authors, yet had ao dic ch with the mas of reve ; 2 [Mandarin seleted by Hecary cmpeton-were real pewe: but income ez and they forme te fete ring cl of the sce 53: the elt on snd vires bad bean ever since waonally underestimated if ceded by the fear ofthe seizing tows of miariis paren josrpation. “The arival of Pgnene de Debsize fa. 1798 wat an emicating ofthe formidable teint might of thé Wee sveatin Eopeor Gis-long discuded the opportunity, or onher tok sdtantge the sipesin techniqae wo annie the old edalsm, not by an efeive Westeriing poi oder 2nd malitry potency, but by = femilar tepime which file amenably to overcome the diester, which m3 “a 188, by the end of te reign of Tu-Duc ‘As soon a8 the Plestarived at Tocrns the sheling bez tember 1) sad the French Fores occupied sucesfully the harbour (lor ‘Ansaid Tonal at the een in the following day without excuse esoatrestance ote pat of the la Forces, The evan people a2 2 sd the tows was quickly emptis, Thus the French Fors were csppoite strong inal ois for free opertons. The Commanderia-Chet tat “inel th lity plan tending fo march the oops upon He ince the ez to fall dowa ad the Fetch Faves were lacking of Iour at well Inning crafts to invade Hue by the River of Pelee. De Gesoul, ote quralig with Mosegaor Palin (the prelate was accused of misaing t orci by bis 2 optimist opiaios) — went to South-Vistoam and ordered sftok yon Sagoo wie city wae eapened on Febraey 252858. Ta coh years (Febuary 1859 to June 1867) the Trench ster tle over SowtheVistoam, daspite the Seat zesuace. The Est Gov ‘Admin De Is Graeiee was inthe sae tine Commianderia-Chit in Fa Base: Srperr Turd was woable to organic the proper reste, i othe los ofthe ene Kingdom by she soon Teexty of Prove si Eydalng weongly jus th iielnde weston ladefintly to beng p16: lat the renovation in he formula of Nationalism t conjure back it polit consioumess she ass of people that Aad been Wing dormant for ten cnouries vader the feudal rule, The renovation appeared ia the ew po of suc in gyre de frm of the national Revolution and challenged. ‘he Frensh doniontion, which was terminated by the mide of 1954s+5 PART I ‘THE GREAT PATRIOTS OF THE PASTON ‘Afr the French domination of the fos provinces of the tctny which dated back en 1862, aucesine event led to sebelion al Foros and thus crite an atmophers of fosiity vey male t Fretch rule The strgple for Independence inated in| 5 forms by Vietnamese putow ran fom the sitive strife of isn, te non-woperion of Phanchii-Tish $9 the posive ding 10 armed seols of Phas-dnh-Phung, Hoisg-hoeTham and tite, and otters Thee straps sutcenied in arousing the tes and patric fess of the mass of people to high pth. | Nartured by the politcal coneioumsss of the lies the mss of wiginaly backward, economically and efustinally speaking grew ‘nto fill suport of the struzse for emancipation. Since tempers gh with te revolutionary slogans inthe sir, baad wae incre, is shock screy wil caver a 74-Yea period, rom 1856 to 19302 svkich sine miny pasos were pepsred wm sil ein pasit sf the eae of the sized soil As expecence shows 4s; ‘towards feedom i 26 narow azd sharp os the razors ee, sone ent State, the uely necsry one. I rquites fom thove eric muha temendous coumge, enanee, pervence and. mcifce eve the snot rigiteow passions of te moment would sot chee oresiba of ther ves presupposes a thorough cleansing of their salve; ie requnes a wemendoss superiority of monl foe ove ‘weaknes and personal ddomynensie,in this and uoreting pages we with to summarize the ves tote: grat Viemamee of dhe past whore memory is revered by ousteymen, They died ia casumrances of wapedy tht male thi det recorded and remembered with a repecal fest by shee compat ‘who rightly bestow pon them pre and admicton, They ade ‘wunng’s independence and prompecty posible as we wits it in present ay. I PHAN-THANH-GIAN 1796-1867) HIS EARLY AGE Phanhani-Gian (alias Habba) was bora oa Oster 1, 2736 ia vilige of Botany province of Kien-bos (ormesy named Bete), Iie ceed thst hs gender, samed Phanthaah-Tap, was 2 Chinese who did at comly wit the Mancha dynasty aad who emigrated to Vietnam with he fy and claves as many Chinese ofthe Ming dynasty did afer ite fl as Tap fost seed with is familia the village of Horan, province of in and took a wife aamed Huyak-hi-Neve who bore him a son named “Fhan-ahak-Nga, tn 177% ding the Secon war ed by Taye, he tant his House South Vietnam which was unde the expansive expe of Pisce Kruyenghuc-Ank who beaime later Emperor Ciadong. et several moves further southward, in fily imately sete in the pe of Bowthaah, and became farmers at were their aeghbours, Whee Nan 27, be matted Latnth-But and by her bese in 2796 Sather of son named Thank-Gia, inthe sme year tat Pisce Paue- enoled the South Vieamem frmecr for 4 deve fight suist Ue ‘Aur the bir of Phanshant-Gian, Thanb-Ngan went to Vini-ong be became an ofce dere Tn. 1798, be was appointed to the job of to Phuc-Ash's Navy and he sled to Touran. He met with shige ck and was presumed lst a ce. Bat he eaaped and when he atived fey t,he was promoted to aigher rank. When Thash-Gin was seve, is et ticd. Tt was thn 1802 and Prince Phuo-Aah came t poner, esting tie of Emperor Giaoug. The next yea, Than-Gin's father broughtPUBLIC LIFE, PHAN-THANH-GIAN THE MANDARIN Ate his Aewlemic suc, Thani-Gien mari, by arer of hit arate — Ngujen-thiy whe did inthe Salling yea (82) “Is Ostoter 18:6, he was appolated to the Cour’ Acsdemy and by Notes, he was appoited Chit of otice in the roving Adminstration "of Quusbish. 1a1808, he maseé Tranth-Hoeh, the daughter of Judge ff Quang, Teancong-An-and a spinster of soyear old who was famed for "ber knowles of the Chass, er indiscriminate sosabity nd generosity. She was gooi-esred young lady buloved by all who knew bet. | With a sew wif, gravful and charming, Phanthath-Gian enone for ‘ouple of mots the happises of married Le, and shen he ook rome a recond wile named Tres-th-Duong who mas very kind to him, She ‘ea Thanh Gian to the Phil Paola whee the Bonz taught him che Gt ‘ements ofthe Clin, We ill young, Thaab.Cian was four to be gtd ‘with a ntnze itll power ad high mental alte, He alo ditin~ she imac ater by his selecesesin and a high spit ofssice inspite of hepa innfensive temper tr, his fer ‘Thanb-Nges, who wat ate by his companions for ti reputation of gbeoeren, wos falealy acre of rape and was sentenced ‘one year of hard abr. Thanh-Gin then 20 yeas ol, went himself © see the dae sad bop hen ernest et hi seve his father's senene. The law dd nt alow suck precede, but, moved by the young mais dif Fey the Judge leva i ey by taking ae of i tudes in Vinhlon, fee his father was aed, very fr kool hones, Thain came 2 Tbe tiland tot op the hard about iicted upon hie fer, which iia deveion deeply torhed 2 sh old widow's heat. Ste then extened’en ‘Thauh Gian ffetion aad financial suppor wail he finally ever in bit fal wiennat compete Examination. Brosthanh. Speskng of diel pty towards his ol her, he ld to ie wife of cach oer through our smi vines conduct, the separation blade Bess fear, Notion, ay Ether & lv sove,and) lies Tle “any ry towards our country kegs me away from him, + Since Thi-Hoach was brcapht op snd moulded for cif endurance rather than fr iid sca or personal enjoyment, and since she endl loved Ber usbandy eb. Gla’s requ did ot seem exvanedinary to her. She Kew whee lay “Sets onrlans wi dh ta tons Se eed wt al fea hesssimption of her huband’s duty, despite the separation. Phare thaah.Gisn ten accompanied Ne wife to te provace of hs ith, and left ‘ber in his parecal family with a famous poem which nowadays ll High Seino boys aad sine who ay Viewsamese Heratre huow by heat. Flowing ke trsiion Phanshash-Gian was then laown inthe province for is persevere {a suing is ielligence andthe geadeness which pervaded hie wok Having oo nctsaton foe the fie of is ge, his character an nnd bing shaped t overcome the Affi of He, he had eaoed t9 fone qa his ows tobles During his achooing, Me wed to impose wpoa ims sere tranddips and volun rjeted the necessary comforts of es ‘Being agente ad owl youth with «certain ambidon i ssc and tring in on stmomtpere of encurnging bel and prettion it was quite ‘tsa hat Thnb-Cian should atin bis aim. Ta 1835, he was salute ‘Maser of Ars ia the besal Academie competion held is Gistin, and fatowing yer shim made Doctor of Philosophy inthe tiennal Acer ommiton ia ue. He was the oaly one from South-Vietn who sscede mong the tex Ducts af Philos ofthe Yeas Siace the gol of welding has intrwowen our conjugal tees, My heat committed ito manory in the witness of mountain and 2The diitigg loads acon sve fr my revaling ambidon ; While Tam srl fr your slide i cosiugl Ue. * Grade wo the ation aby debt oy fay, am dy Bound ex “My ld fther and my family's poverty, wl be your pecblems + | Thess we yy reeommendations upon our patiog 1 Up to you ay beloved wie to remember orto Ferg > eis noteworthy co testion that after the sepastion from ie wile “Thonh-Gins led his fe ae 3 fal hasbsnd while Inooching forts ito public fe. “Toten whom be was endebted daring hs boyhond, panel the Judge of Vink-losg and the rsh widow An, who encouraged and suppor! his sui, he eran deoty grateful teoaghout his ifetie, On the day Phas~ ‘Gaal-Gian went to Hue for se trend Aenemie competition, he widow tailed hima tunic wit fine rational avis, That tunic, he kept presouly i is fetime and at evry stable exasion, he took ut fom his tank and showed itt his fends or hs sons while aarating the sry of her Hades. ‘Bs So the Judge pd him equeatsespectal visits every ine he returned to the vilge of his birth, A 2 igh ranking Oficial ofthe Cours by that tims be travelled i planes, a Iter borne by four men on thst shouders— yet ti got down fom his palskeca whea be newed the entrance gate of the Jade's howe, wale ito the house and bowed tm with deep reverence 184m his fier did. He rete ftom Hue forthe fans cee ‘ony. When the barge crying him to his etal wilage pasted before ave ir! ston, the guasien hate his barge and requsted hie 1 sho his Teal paer even though his body sua told them af his positon. Hum be ‘one up aad showed the his papers. ‘Ae the funeral, Thn-Giaa ordered the beadof the lage to preset ims. The head was confised and expected some severe punishment, but “Thash-Gian congatulitd him for hs mogacea services and rues ‘omtio of gene fom the provitdal Author on behalf of te guasinea nd tie i, “Thanh-Gian semaine severl mons ithe vilage to take cae of bis futur tab, On day, on te way tothe tomb, he sw a vilger walking it 230 “of th pt babs hooked and ase Thaeh-Gians unc, Calm, he Ish vg oe hn Nave Bini she lager was frightened beyond fpeeh,boivng is fate ta be desh by the bie in the mandarin band “Thanh-Gin ten ook he A, out down at ease the bamboes eumberome ‘rsches ao boned the Knife back othe lle, recommending the Its owe ery time he had tay bambeo on the pati, lest he soxld the pase, is pevaling conception of love for bis countrymen made i always sd genious, and is robust iadeaaty combined with the sympa life destined him ltr to the tigio circumstance of his old a. Thoughous these yes his career inthe Court of Hue was nee do Besse of his srt uprights, his strong judment ofthe afaie of ‘fe sation, and bis daring crits agin snr and corpin, he was ea blamed by the Cour as being an agumentative Civil servast, while He siting 2 Gite atoman.. Ta s8a1, Phaw-thanh-Gian wae appointed Miltary Commander ofthe cela sepia from Eosperse Mih-mang. Mfr sseosive promotions, jan was ppoinedDepaty.Chie oa Dplomatce Mission sent tthe esl Cour of she Macs dyna, in 834. “In 1835, Thanh-Gian was Chief of the province of Quang-nam, and ‘he Enperor Minhomang desred w make 2 sightsciog tour in mowatsin of the province, but was disuaded from doing o by Thish-Gian he grou tha it was the harvest season and the people was bey tik tes eld wot, which woald cone to a stands, if the rural people tras require to pepe forthe royal Vitor. The Bator flowed hs advoe tnd potroned te wip. But His Majesty beng quite disleed with sich femtadition 19 his desis, spetng ome shady busines inthe province, ‘ppeinied a oew mandain samed Vorday-Tan, a cainated but narows 21‘minded wan highly ambitous and pervert, who wis an opponest of Phage ‘thin, for an ivsstignton. : Mer avenigaon, Duy-Tan submited tothe Emperor 4 fib epee lcuriag the province in mistlewte whish He cine, was die wo crupe ‘oa indulged im by ThanhGisn, insting that the ral people wae ve snc t se His Males in perm to lodge complaint and so forth .« ‘Upon reivng tht report, Boperoe Minbanang disgraced Tha (Olin by taldng Kin wsedinate cata: of the provincial tfc, ‘wi inh, our patie assumed witout gredgng thoughts. Th 3836, due to 4 ‘ces mistake, be was agin reprimanded and sont to Thsinguyen (Note Views) in the eapaiy of foremsn of he mines bany with igsing gold one, 1183p, however Phan-thask.Gian wat ratored 10 his mandrel posisn and ea appointed to the Miicry of Juste. In tht ye the Chef of te province of Binhedink, Vuonghus.Quang (s astve of india) submited 19 the Emperor 2 request forthe probbidon of rama Wich was bei shows Ja the county” and which be luemfal to the good national tscions and cistoms. Apparently, the Spat did ast sees with HuwQuane's view pint, nor dit the povesfel mandains of the Court of Hus, PhancthanhGia fring. i onthe eontray of the teas ewe, plogel Reel no 2 daring po int the Emperor ad the Cour’ aie opiaons he sopporied fal a curseculy hie colhague. Justoe and Pan-thal-Gisn Gally wom the be Ty 185, Sowt-Vistasa wae toubled much by dinate tnd uplosea, Phin thanhGisn war appoint jsinly with Nguyen Pvong © the Viezoyship a2 to keep pete i that part of ee coat Ta $2) Gen SG Sui) caesar acre el eel cee pethion of advice se flows You Mijay should bene ofthe base oppomunstis manda ‘who ad the ibis of dslading Your Mojesy for thx pervonal ssonunt fod inert, Tas attendants of Your Majenty ia the copal singing snd dancing farem ae al) 10 be waned off beeste of thee 22 sirewd ond calebting conduc, which ate prejudicial t> Your Govers- | meat tht demands, ox the contrary-Vour hes selfsnastery vis-bvis your be suroundisgs Your Majesy shold rasa fot any wasing of public fds ia plaure or exraragnnces while the people are in tags and strvason and the natomal defense isin te ated of weapoas to fce erestual wars The purchize and storing of preis things so arose the iidity of the corupted couriers and llth souls, Your Misty SHould Also sate the soldis from daly tates jobs, bet tale them ia sultry shila 20 that hey will at bscome the pey of the enemy's fee any even waren ‘The nperor in fast sited ht decernment, but did sothing to We the feudal ste of deay which was coming about in Hue Cou Tn that eel time the roubles ia Sou.Vietoam ee ined Levanoi, flowing se Cours unjust gostumouseemence inflied en his adoptive fate, Marshall Le-van-Duyetta Cenest ant Nore itn, the Coar’s meaner degraded the Westerners with flies and em with remicioss, which Ine plunge tbe cowie it dangerous ares. Since the country wat developing char symtoms dowaial, Phanchank-Gian’s crcl petion can be tale a reaching that of the problem of the ine prior to the each domination the cout. Daring His tour of day in South-Vistnam with Ngsents-Phaoog, an faced the dlficlse with igh spite sod reotnton ; he was js woking for the maser with his talented, ill admission it genine love of ie countemen, FRANCO:VIETNAMESE CLASH ‘The fim Franco-Vieenmese confct begen when the warship Cait», under the Command of Cepia Lewur de Vill-ut-Aebatere Forssof Touran. Itwas then July #6, 836. France sont ty «Catia» vith mesge by which she baned the Court of Hus for lav iene the Catholic misionacos foe whos she took the defense. The 233tnestage was uot propesiy answered by the Court, which led the sheng of the Toute Forts. Afar the shalingbe «Cais sie ft for Frans and bat hound Bishop Plltn whe suseede! sa exaping from she Cour. In assary 1857 Chases de Moatgny was dipstched to Vietnam fr farther negations tot he fad in hs ison aad in Pebraary of that year, he ltt Viera slr handing to Hrngese Tau a lator which coaveyed a meracing ron. “The Emperor’ tmper tan hgh. He ordered the mitary rénfercneat cf He and Towne, In uly 2858, a0 Teal Edice was ised ondesing ‘exteae pass deatfor the Vstanese who remained Chitin, Tem the fourth Edt of fs Kind, Since aie side had shown any dese $e fetlon, ots of violence on Both sites indicned an approach 10 wan By “that tine, the French Fle, under the Command of Admin Ripmlt de ‘Genoily was saioned inthe Chisa ss, Napolson If mae De Genoally Comune t-Chit of ners and ordre him wo proceed to Indoskoane esto met withthe cicummasce of die cine, Tn the same month, De Geni ated before Tourane wit Allis Frano-Spaish Fores 3600 soldiers suong, Iti worhy to note thatthe Spanish Misionaries wee thowe wo had been exested by the Cart of Hue, The Spanish Governsent ten, Highly oe wrongly, ists the ench Goverment t take up ares sginct Vien, ‘The Europe Aled Foes, 2 soon = they anid, sel Toone td caput the two Fort, Ansaé and Toma. Ale» husred mteing of the Cou, Emperor Ta-ducappeintd Nawyen-te-Phuong as Commanetine (Cie, sine by Chau-phuc Mink, with 2000 solders to comteratick Tortgn Fores De Genouly intendal t pote t the Capt, Hue — his troop, fut erat chat the Vietwamese Forces were peeping t mest proce aul He tus diverted his Fowes & South-Vietamn jn Jang 1858 He arived at de south of the Saigon river and bis batleip ie the ewo Fors onthe sve side and sald to Giak (he then Capital ‘Sonsh-Victn, which cer was his eget of anne The Commander ofthe Gis Vouuy Mish, daparbed request the provinces for help but, whe on February 2,185 the reaforcemtaraatelveds the city ad alkea'y Seon by the enemin, Afer the easy vicny, De Gencly barat down al arcs lel he fortes to the ground and assigned to Liutensot Color tl Jscoguierry the tack of pushing fr che attack 9 Bien-oa, ther wader “ie Command of Tontist-Hop. The Admiral Kinwell returned « Towne hi feet and sled the Fort of Phuciak, within the vidi of Ts Qsnber yp, De Gonouly was replace by Amis Pass, a Cort ofthe French Fores based im Vistar. ‘The new Amis cnsoued| ste Inacheé upon the Vietnam Forces for same Snebelor he go the fark Fores to the China fate Gon, Eefiee living Admiral Page bused down al gaczan compe snd le the Fle -Viewam, He then ssgned Colonel Arles to contioue the ight and to Chins cen. The Court of Hue vat Ngujesti-Phiogg and. Phos gato Gi-tinh to asst Tonthat-Hp in the eosnteratck ast the of NewyentrPhsog. In Joly 1860, Newyen-t}Phuong with roo men, chick te advance French Fores on Ky-baa (ao elled Cisoa) fortes a the French find only soo men engaged in the fight. After the Tense Testis signed by China (86:) shen defeated by he combined Anglo-French ‘Adee Charge let the jine# campaign in China with 1) warships 4500 te, std siledt Sau-Vietam waters. With dis reinforcement, “Frech musced thes tops forward and toe scsasively Kyo, Bieae “Thicdavnot, Tavninh and Sally Disktsong ia hat year 286 In Admit Charnes wis rpliced by Adil Bonard who thea costaued ‘vistriogs drive» and mized. Bosia and Vinh lag PHANTHANH-GIAN, THE DIPLOMAT “lee souney was upet By war is the Sou ad eebelion wore Hl by Neusen-vancTHinh (aaied Chis of Canton VANG) and his asoistes the North, dhe Freteh shade knowa thee ateaton to negate and sent hip, he + Forbin — to Hye e avait a replje The Court of Hueappoiated Phanthanh-Glan at Pleigteaiay, representing the Court ‘egodste with Amica! Bop. On Apel 16,862 Thach-Gian boarded Fain» for Ciadinh, (On the Vietames side the miliary defense ws fle and wal nadine! The exey site of dhe Burpean Aled, Fores brought (Cours of Hue o tei, yet few men ia it realieed tat the Frosch was due to modern iethods of ware and Western ccknign [Nevertils, in the Soutien provinces oxupid by the French Foe several patios ompiced uaderouad reaitance to atc the Frech tes as they could. They were Hayen Toa! and Trudnpcong-Dish, in O xng-Phu Cao in My tho and Thiaeho-Duong in the Phin of Ras Resin led by these men, at their diadvantge, with few esined fsa mecimentry weapons, spat the French pasion operons ag ea for a period of 30 yea ot more, uted PalarOn June 52863, the agoitions ended with a peace T sized by both High conan partes, and forte fist tine inher Vistas wat bound by treaty toa Foreign couty, France... “The msc Tees f 2874 and 2884, opened Vietnam (0 Fr tule and eeblsel the Fresh Protectant. Hereafter ae the summa terms of the fet Peace Tieiy signed by Phanhash-Gian + 1 Viesam agreed to give guaastee of feedom and protection 0 Catholic isionres and national Cirsiass uoughout he erie, wi ay terion whatcver, 1y/ The thee Raster provinces of South-Vietaam (Bin-hom, 4 nilons of pater: watt be paid co Fioace and Spain jn 10 fasalinents, 4 Vietam watt open the ewo Ports (Tourane sed Quang-ye) ‘reacand Spans wade snd a gusrates wa given for freedom for cont al easctons in the whole trtry. Vietsam pliged to obarve iment of fsa regula rtf wards the French and Spanish teadere ho were ao Gee to tai to Cambodia Uzoug Viena. 1) tr the sgntate of thin Tray, Vitam entre ot war with ation and was defeated all ems of concesions had che seeed 6 ‘France go Spain, France now ocspying Vinklog, however agreed to return it 10 ‘span the coon eat Viemam should use het authority to op all 3 eitnce lel by Vilna leader ® Ar the somaexe of the Peace Testy, Adaies Bogard comple than, and th Cour of Hus indzey-n top all estan atv pins ehowe led by Truong-congDink. Ie wat cle tht France wished je mort notable exeaion of tetitaril privileges she hed won, Besides, ‘pon the opt of resins, natural to all Vietnamese pts, Fre furs annestion ntl South-Viewam became colony std the et Country, 2 French protectorate terior ‘ (n one side, the French were et elitelyansfed with ce pot on the othr hand, the Cour of Hue compelled Phan-dash-Gian 9 ain in view of he revision of the Treaty onthe ra of wich the ‘were adamant Erpsror Te-dac then dspuched Phanthnt-Gian w ‘© coniuctnegostons with che Cou of Napoleon IT; Tanti ‘Mision ative st Toulon and wat received magiieaty by the suthorzn, Thea the patsy went to Maris where the diplomats welcomed by MuredePsaise, representing the Minister for Bocegn (On Septenber I, they arved in. Pas Feullet de Couches, Special of Napoleon I, welomed the party and installed them ina jonouse, on Lord Byron Str Avbae interpreted the words of Coae aeooeing to wish Napoleon I was taking a test at Bins and wat 4p Par only inthe comiag mouth, In the meantime the Miniter fr ssign Air, Acie Fould — entered ito unoal epson.swith the Viewamese Mission, which ted to nowbere. Yet she Pass ssapers publiied: «The Rapeer of Viewam has agreed to sepuc the ost provines at the com of S5 milons of piater, at the time His Majeey fas agreed w code Stizon city to France (On Cusabee 7, 1865 the Vieamese Mision gave 2 reception the oscnba of the Eimpe's biniciy; the Eoteen Msbeer ind Wetrn Ambsseuors in Pais tended the reception wich wat iia. ally on November 5, the Mission was introduced to Napa LIL Aer having Isr the Victamseaspraion from dhe mouth of B ‘shin, Emperor Naplesa casowly sid; «Feste ie endly wo ition and protecor of the weak, but thos whe set cbatle to ber will ve cause 1 fear her sever Phanthanh-Gian passed ove th plone «have cue > fear esevery Taf, the reach mar tow teloninsion wat checked all slong the way by she Reszance m0 hich were to be severely punished at warned by Napleon IL ‘Aes aving oben Nepolon lf Phanthank-Gian was ceed the Minisee for Foreign Alas who listened his. spirations, promised t convey his wows to the Emperor. The pany stayed on ‘arg, but sie ao sare aews ad Gnally ad to Board he «Jp to run to" Vie. On the way home, Phar-thanb-Gian and. his talled a: Lisbon and greeted Queen Tabell PHANTHANH-GIAN, THE REAL PATRIOT ‘The Mission aeved im Saigon on March 3, 2864. Epes duc sll hoped for 4 fnourable session af the Tees Wishing toe “Thevh-Gine for ie undaraken Sardehipe, the Emprer made in of otro. 1a £86), Aubaree was apoined General of che osciied pron ‘Thank-Gian was once agin assigned by che Coare to ronda theo ions with Asbaret; but they ened in a compete fico, 238 fittg, Vi-losg nd Hawes) were is a state borerg on an oping nd Thosk-Gian was appointed to the tsk of calming the peop Te is noteworthy to mention tht, afer his stun from France, Daa ran eat sos ca el ep kes tty bats tae date of at te Bee cori kien pee os Frat me mle wale sutheaterioey, whch intention fad met withthe Resancealeey cf the ne, had reac! the welnes of the countey in the Sof she then deterieating station, OF course sine the fst fof colonial expansion Had heen achieved, by grid ensoace vos inderminste when De Laendie demundal the eon of he of South Viemam. The lr fra wegen ad eel long, Chandne and Has ll io Tech ands in hee dye esing One 87, DeLand pnd Soh. Preach ft el Ree Foie nt kU © He ere te eee ee ee Cod epaiemattainee: cates gained power and wealth, thanks to heir sevice wo the Preach While the heroic resistant, Truong-ong-Dinh, Thieno-Daong and Ryo a ta mw, ie a eet nt ches ines pn ee ee aad Bt irentetiae of Nroecht cunt os eal lager eps dal =: Pe sta te wins Pench ts Raden nd vl «aedcoitge, which he bought with all his saving. He wrote to Emperor Td a ater in wich he por ie wil soon sd bps! ts Eger fo forte hn fore pron la nthe fae of i epee oop he | owl of ie tnt we lly ovr His oy a in pope Te ete Wat cau wih hi ir of Hoh rong moda of te Cot of and enay tee Royal Ordance of eens apne and a Apuced by mal wearer oe. e wos oJ 8, 17, hat Phase panh-Gian stopped taking any food and calmly waited for death, bad it tone bi; Dt the fn sexed event ay, whan, ay 4 Be fratowel tow of po end his The auth ove 208 rope, but his cote a thee press tole whi {roca Jo foro a to kaon mans Gay. Aer my dowhy Tato recommend 308 rn ot st ving of Bina sco come wo one as i fo non ae any ete by ech Adis Sick ee fi venison as oe as ; 12 add Yt Pann Gaa'e manne t2 Th Hos wf die i sgn tobi te som soy, Pot Lit, Pesta one a PathaahTon tur tei of Panton bo tnd Gov Geen De Lagan red hrhreean 3 enfin tee by wih he promi tke cf the Bat reat Ho Ue TitTong an TinTonsnk up te ih oder he Resin ba td te Hed om et ro : 3 ‘using fs eine, PhnsGin wat ator of thi er fhe mon imporant of wish wie he owing 9 Kini Titap Coens on Kini) wsitin when be wah | Diplomatic Mission in China in 3832, + q Miva cish-yeo Gunman of he Prats of Mian ash "Viton Tops Teoponse Recpaie hae of fot PHAN-DINH-PHUNG . 1847-1895) Leader ofthe vient reitance ited with military sill and teen Fadement Phan-tinh-Phang was boeo in. #847 isthe village of Dongil, ce of Hastinh, He wae he fourth son of Phonak Tayes, Chief of ‘isis of Taua-chisn-who was klein the wouble of Langwon where as sopintd bythe Court of Emperor Tht Military Commissioner sPng was the twelfth peeetion of posibly the mst erry tradition ‘Vista His aatve wilage od the eeptaton of beg the most of the province, and war dininguished by ueroud manarinn ing the highest potons i the Court of Hoe, Hid oliet brother, -ish-Thong as Caan in the Royal Navy; his second brother Phan- Thuan was Pret; the youngest, Phatdih-an, was a Chi of ct. Prandin Phang ss seat w9 sce! at Seven and wa nly a soee ppl not Beng thought Inteigent he was repute fr ks eakoess honey; fe was snd never Nave tld 2 He. By cher ‘oce of will Be is plist become Dacor of Philosophy, though he was considered yj Ht ls abd i emons merited compen "Dish Pane wif eadastl Mater of As onlin 176 ot he ae af oeaty ine and was sale Doser of Pinon in the flowing seat “Ge ronal Actemie competion in Hoe, Thou siaduted, te wat “ac in he Chines Cla for wich ed» dinate ation tr, Me gen and unbeding cogs, reine wth hi all Tie thongh many ries. His fends and compari mee let be Avot by bis mary exis, which were doe in grat part bi et face iced. by is ie reoing powers aad ib appa —bs. ‘Taylan Nasty (Dally second of ib Dtsion in Pane) — 863. = hooco Uodpet (Conjctiral dais ox Ancient tearsngGet of Diet of Ye-tan, in he povine of Nob 1 wok tote that tht ine thesia of este fen {sly ace the Cian of eponge sei he ites ofthe country: Relering 1th Cisiainas prennel o be sis for a fren power, Dish Phone fis satenent 4 Our eset eet fom our being te, send tad et ff fom the praesent of eal pope oft oder ‘which ply ithe case of our cunt’ ck of tscins, wate os sem, cil eobzaon aod the ie; bet oat weit donc fhe Chis wcevers or mon A the aes he a cota oft inns ey te Duties wks sad twa sch wees we must show such geneous foes rompt than trees, nad of murine «sadn ind» We Dah Phang wis ign he Court Chie oer, i yates Pe ‘of the mandatins of the Court could not fire properly, yet the military appe tos ded ote Ye Hgts on ay Dita. ny sree Teens Ee Wael aol sinned Ni be eden ofthe mene wih a es. Ne inh Cru aig eis Chl Cae, ta er aed el per thy ig of he poner sr mania il wisve dove thao 2 Ce, Tleag ent, Eee Ger tadstih epae f lan seboune od ne pose pomscd Hs eu f Kreps of he aed or Vitam Inge ey wih te mio of lng ho tation of the then Visercy, Newyen-Chanh, After 4 eros examination by one fat eer Ca wtf gy on el tt era ae ‘By dha ine Souk-Vitoam ws cis to Frey the Pesce T of Match 174: The cey of Masel af flea into the hand of the Fe excel the side of ts Governor, Hosnpidien In 187 Racnet spronted Feeich Envoy to Hs 29 incu mere friendly seltions Seon 22 : ‘France andthe Cott af He He was replaced by Piste in2578 ad ily ‘by Champent in 180, who spoke fusntly Vewanese, Chameas encoun tered from the Authorities of the Cour, 28 dd his previous clleague- insuperable obstacle. He schioved nothing Ba the exasperation of the Court, the sii of sbservince was fr from being shown by the Courts it was eanded by se Fresth Miaisare A deadlock was theefoce enol ; none “ofthe French Ministers could peraide the Coute to respect the terns of the ‘Pesce Tee, which had been raid bythe Eosperor. Thee testis werean the proof ofthe Char dpatshing ae Arabazradeebesing bate che ‘of the Manche dynasty to appeal for Slp, which rened fa the ng of the Chines sles in Nors-Vitnan der the «Blick banner» ynande by Luscinh-Phuc. The Feach efor were fated 8. mich the srestmentrowatts the Cabot ar bythe Caine miltry si Ta Coat of Fe, this grungy opened Viewam to further silly acon the French ;embiverot bythe gradl lot of sasonat wertery aod the sotbing of atonal pride, Ton-tatcThayet, chen Minister for Defence, inate a ferve opposiion again the Preach. Tu-duc was letered and goesbent Esper, yet he wae svrutded by backward and narow-saded es who made his ria, Farsighted men, sich as Nguyensueng-To BuL-Vies, were coed of by the Ministers of the Coat through jesout i miselded ea; andthe fate of he aca was thus beyond remedy. (2 Jly 15,1985, Enpsror Tu-due din. The politcal station within a Secying feelin, put the county in a die sigan. In the Cou of Hus, TeastavTouje, the Miniaur for Defence, and hie asocate 3[Nguyen-vanTuong, Minister for Internat Aaieesabished thi autoeerian owes over theeatire Court, Eapese Duce (named Nguyeasng. A) dein bythe wil of Toduc to succeed to dethrone was deposed by Ton~hatThuyet ‘who made Vss-aag Emperor, sales the tle of Hip-oa, on July 3, 188% Phaninh-Phong ccurageossy and openly denooneed Tonshat-Thayet for ‘hia ction and was digrsed by the pomerfel Minizer He calmly quite the Coat and rtsmed to hi ative vl. -Bniperor Hipion didnot lve log; in November of the same year be wat prizoned by Tonatha-Thayee who eelaced him on the tone by Ung-dong, wide these of Kien-phuor. Kin-phuoe wis poisoned in his ten at eplced by his brother Unglish on Aagust 2, 1884 under the Aide of Emperor Ham-aghi. ing thene rouble yas hind the shadony,rei-sacred Emperor's Siguce, the sel ter of Vet wos Tonshit-Thuyt, andi was with hit (he French autores had to tani ll lie of she Sete refering othe signed Treaex On one han the suorn Ton-that-Thpt, famed by hi a ‘illend peteernce puted the exesuton and brant ofthe Cristina the othe, he showed a complete poe voteface oping the tem enbodi inthe Treaty of 184, Hin stubbors oppariion tothe Freich ele ded in hs ree to sel the Peach Resides Supsar at Hey on My a9, 1885. General De Coucy reed by fring on the Tnpeal Palace which wr copied by the French rope fey hous iter. Eps Hamish thes ite yest of, had t9 flee ander the care of Toncta-Thuye, while Ngayene van-Tuong wae caught by the French and depertes on February 1886 to Taki bere he cied the ame yea. On Moy 27, Ham-nghi reach Qutngti white the Emperor ised aa Imperial Ordinance generally Iinown as «Cétnuing® ot Appeal tothe mation for Emergency Serve 19 the Emperor. The Appeal wat the origin of subsequent Resistance oe ements et up all over the country by the Selols® who answer to the Appel to the mation io danger ae PHAN-DINH-PHUNG, PATRIOT AND. RESISTANCE'S LEADER ‘The Dectee of ssgrasing Phamiah-Pauog. was rvaked by Tooe tharThuyt in 2684, and Dini-Phong was appoini! Civil Adminisraor of Sooiphong, province of Hatin, When Enperor Ham-nghi lft Qusag- {ui and avned at Quang-inh on June 10, 18% Dinh-Phoog went 10 mee tye Emperor. Tonthat. Taye alo bad a very hgh opaia of Phan- Giah-Phung’s car sod. farsighted judgment Eeperoe Hamunghi made ia High Commisinsr for Mitry Alive and. with the ‘all sepport of Tousthat-Thuyet, Hamoghi onered Disk-phung to inige 2 rexnance Tnovement agit the French under the bamer of «Can-quong This he fit Resta: Movement was pimarly 2 revolt asinat the French sl and wae an inperal device Gee the emnty and preserve he Newjea djuasy. But in the fifty sears t come, it tured ino aa Usderround Reizance movement for the emancipation of the country wal 20 agaist te Court of He “The fn move of DinhPhung war to launch an «Appa! 2 pees ia the two provinces of Quaogbish and Hasioh 10 fight “unis the + Cansvuong's» banger for the beation of the onaty Nisa Gatrely in the ands of the Preach, in appeal wis scawe: “ied by te ston ia she provisos ; they mek the fed ae che mst of pecple jus! the Morenent wholehsredly, being psiodcally fet aflame by the appeil launched by Dinh-Phung, The here resant et op his Healguicurs in hit native vilage of Dongs, and fom there he condscted the it attic Lasnced upon the two athe ng villages of Dishtsoag and) Thoin Hin decision cxeinly ad an approprite vantage point, for hin leaosal policy wee proeovon for the weik and punishment of she feo, even if the Later was Chiniia conver © whoa be had recogni “aed te dnaliemable sn sight of eligi fetdom- One sight at 3 olock Be cing bre Chreeng nrets weicnal Enilon iad aba uh with their oiled ovis of straw ready to set ¢ fie, Quesionedby Phan-ink Phung, they confesed shot by odes of thst mines, they mere to burn down the Dongs Headgcarers of the Resistnc: that sieht. The evo converts were a once bladed and orders mere given 19 the ‘olunteer tonpe to mateh upon the te vlbges with sist onde to ata ‘th chic sa the sesdenons ofthe minsinariej but he feof the villages and tice peopertin were to be sticty respecnd. The wo villas were terfote setulted ; however the misionser screded ia cba in ime the French reinforcements that defeated the resistant and they burt ows. the Dongha’s Headquarter teapted the ul peopl tween to Callie reign with SO six pistes and alo with promised to asppor in any ce of steal. Once the mischivous acts of the onvers » ‘Asx the fie crcl Fight wat let, Dish Phang sd sot shiny senford bis companions sad stnedhisHiadguttrs to the eve ceil of Huoogoa and Huoseste sow the wholars Jed the mam and si his Movement in gist munbern The fame of Dink Phung scared end used misppehension at the Cour of Hse which was sopping. the ‘Feu repression of te Movement. Wid fw tned tops bled by the patos mast of people rady to ge thet lives 10 the county, he free ‘yet cntunberes by the Pench forse, Diah-Phung steed sever defeats but achieved few vicwriss als. Finally in 158), be went to Norte Viemam to nly the inelectais thee; before sting! out 10 che tak ie 6 opined General Caosthang, Conmndero-Chit of the Resitance's forces nd onde is companions 10 Se low ard await farther onders THE RIGHT ARM OF PHAN-DINH-PHUNG IN THE STRUGGLE Cotiang came from the vilage of Le-dong, province of Hath 5 came fom 2 working cs lanl and haew very He about she Cases ‘which be had a dinate; but he had a remalable talent for sword ip t which fe had devted all he energy aod talents during bis th. Although having very Hue formal education, Caotang was ged rit iligense; with his passionate sense of jie and faihuloes, be to fae Bs owe oubles squarely, thus he was ved and revered by ‘fiends, Ia 287s, the svbelion unde the « Yellow banner» speang. op Hiesoh ; Coitang joined the rebelion while sila boy. Ose year Ite ebslion wae disbanded 2nd he tok rfoge under the cover ofthe brohee inh-Phung, Phardish afvance 2 fog distoe from te through itinte wend, hus exposing ther Tine of oxime {© the Resiaance stack 2, The back of the forces tad 2 ‘of thick fret though which 2 furtive naow path ted to Laos Thalland, Te communicated with the mountain of Dsbham tht ted anctber steepic point fll of brooks and brustland, From Vir to Trvong-he and Teanga, = diaaace of about t00 milesthe bounded in song ponions fr defnce, in which the Reszance’s were geting frtesies eld by sebtvely small fern. ‘From the genpaphial plat of view, the Resistance fro, without posing themucves to dangerous counterattack ight Hops 10 site thir ‘some deadly blow before the later could bring thc strength tear. Thas withthe brave solders of Diah-Phung and his apse oie uffienly tenacious defence, ia cae of stack, might well wear down fensie’® strength and patesce. REORGANIZATION OF THE RESISTANCE'S FORCES Th the mater of lentertip aed voluntary recruits, Phan-tnb-Phing ernn real advantaisj though the Resistance ha few ned itary fies aad tops in the real sas ofthe won thie wan grey compen fed by eis pate ardour and their lojaly to te case of che atone 25Favoured by 2 widely speed agiceldl population that wat Lil to confident ia the stion's case, Phar-dihPhig adopted land x tos (One Vietanse plate (fhe time) per hectare of cuted ab Ther eoplekad shown patotsm and cooperation in helping the Resists wi foodaufs and ether supplies. Some brave and geneous femers tought gr finance ontbutons Plan-dnh-Phun’s sue gasp of the como ‘things of ie and his trust in is compatriots gave him 2 ae nowlelge oft ‘mind ofthe popubtio. Thus for the army's epply, the Ide teed the mas of sued people comprising many itligent ané entering Diah-Phng ok up the work General Csoshnng had intite Day dig the far Setup inthe moanain of Vu-quag operted under ‘own supervision. Cadres were dapatthed to Tallasdthoaph mountain ofthe valuable efor of spmpathisers who sve ltd to rake the res mount of raw material. The volutes elie were nly selfcant ‘win could tra thi hand to anything Yet, only one half of the tad ile, muy the 1874 French madels and home fashioned mal, he ad to ry upon swords and other rudiment ame, The assiest fi fy confronted Dish-Phuag widk zeal suky and ainost with ao oxtnne ment. Finally come dhe telaeg of he Shing cares, To risa vigor Of independence inhi army, che lender st tthe tik of taining his men rmeral strength 25 wells in miltary sll, The Underground Corumand to work outs moral pattern bed on eliza and ental eli to become digi’ en beloe becoming depine solder, The dete terne may sil, Which wae fle 2¢ te outst was then made goby sesadetd merlin, Within a couple of months, hi army was in 8 attr of abl, enterprising and psight body fully devoted tothe ae. O the vat area covering the four province of Quang-biny Herta, Nea aa se follows: 1 The underground forces comprised fen eels having thee Head gtr leted in acondaace withthe eatepe ositon eld by each sgn ‘mater of supply ad military operations in ew. 2: The open repon wat sader the Command of a General who erponible fr vera srongelde, cach one commalel ia tam by 2 ‘or a Major, 4: The Army fad i uniforms and equipments and cack repon wan wth an aliaey sai reponse for supplies snd otc. 4 The stores of the repo were kept under the ground which were Siomty and cstefully hidden fom carious eye 4. Hach spin sent the General Headquarters on Vaequag montsn, 6 Bach rexion, at wells the General Headgesre, had tee separate gence service which weve to be coneinated by twenty Hon Offices. 7. The Geral Headquarters had leo 2 spec Corie of tmenty p cfamen under the Command af General Newyen-Mus; own 25 the of Volutets for deaths, aad stacked 10 the General Sif. 48. The Army disiline was drafed by Phandink-Pharg Niel and slid to eveyone widhia te ative Underground forces = well = 10 fympathining suilry free csteted hroghout the rural rea ofthe ovinces The fifteen rgions weve wer the fllowing commanding Genes 4 Region of Huong + General Neuyen tos, 2. Raion af Canoe + Generals Naujen-tach and Neayen- our fel tops as posible they are equiped. with ifs of 2874 moves rel on two pnts: x. The col sping was insufficiently tempered “Lack of rifiog isthe bare, The bullets thus did sot go far eacagh, rites, they have led a geet umber of out men, French Ofcrs sll 3 lol sole... ‘Ae the ead of the batle, Dinh-Phueg went dowa 19 the fot of Baile the lage scale defn suffered by the esocal twcops at Ve- rourtin, the regional Commande ia the Geld eed out wilh cr lee suscas ride upon the French ups, Phun-iah Phong sdvantge of the miltery gaia and iaued a buming «Appel to de hols of the nation ia the following tems: «Tam but 2 weak mas 27Jn the mighty Fale apuast dhe French weope however, being conatous sy duty towards the sacred scl bult ap by our forefiters with mach to, T dare appeal to your comprebnsion apd patois ven to join your ffs inthe stnagele only ge you to stop from taking the fae of four outed ct i9 an erosion of eat inward intention, While our Sop oven die every day Ja the Seld forthe felon that i care esta all be tampered by your ile actives whenever you choose eaaininaive. Your dict oF inst prtpation «he cask is urge ‘upd snc the aatond idependeace Ie uot a ficion. ANMUNITIONS AND OTHER PROBLEMS SOLVED WITH THE HELP OF A HEROIN Ac thissuge the main wory fr the leer cemaisel the proble of inadequate smutions. The conditions for the esvel to Tasland the purcnse of raw trae were exon hard all no ffxt| ‘ved to achieve the enterprise, despite the Jong ond weary wip. Now suddenly a youxg woman aypered and elezed her service. She was cl CCo-Tam, daugite of Hoang-Phos, «former resistant inthe Undegr of Quanginh, The instines wert eproiuend as Slows + «One Coan cane 10 the sexes oupest of the Underground, bogged soiden to be noduced wo Geaeal Coo-thang who rctved her upon insance. She sow gave ae acount on het tention aod that of he St + You may remember Houng-h, my fer and Le-houn, my betrothed sree po companion inthe Restance ith of them were lille daring French sepenon. The double death fd led my heart adel; Tc Beer be ayy cite nc ef area ee tale of our este, For the ster T apt psn cfdence in my ait i ecto. in which at ny Sather had brovght te py to Ke ny ele tl avenged ca the foreign ul. Cterwise could not ust appl a the “doce 88, ol gute reenty my aztvies were dscovered by the Fee Tien this ty bite i peesal to be fost. Then the Appeal of Phan- nh-Phang has een sumbling inthe owe provinces as a magnetic thunder; ould note judgment upon the county for its may misleds + once am devded to offer my anrvice for the cause ofthe nation, with ny dence that it would Be a good he Cth ste ally and ansualy to the end the Genera now ld and mate a tale in view of roving open ur military positon.» The ‘were about 49 hy hind upon Co-Tam, when calmly she sme out the eet eon fee, and d+ The ators our ssred si excel and ol exes, Fortuantly Tam aot oe of them. Tam rexdy 9 ‘st one wil since my service rendered othe cnt of the Resistance inthe fv yere didnot lp you to Srter the moogele, my ef Fed ‘Crothang at cane ordre hitman to st er fee and turned out pie to camfors he: Just © know how courgcous You ate. Our sword isnt dane to il our own companions bat the rea etr ofthe nation. Never= cs Tam not quid to use your talent and sevice, Let us go together to tu leer who detains the supreme command ofthe Undeiroand forces ‘The pac west and saw Dish-Baung who war in hlbles tise vig hr 9 prope job dea suddenly the Intligeace evice came in sported ata contgent of thity men under the command of 2 ls (Ofer wee sasoning im a papa abut thirtsn miler away fom “Gecenl Headquarters Ca-Tam sired the oppornity 2nd beazed Pours 9 lt her 39 and cape the cotiogen. The leader and ie peal, Canshang-azted et «How ooild you othe jb ? De you need re so help you?» She answered: eT will aope my own device Coptare the whole set without loosing ingle man of the Reseane’s Please cnrct upon me the sk ag ftan of Your confidence in my fad devotion. My only requ isto rnd about ewinty capable olireeT provided with swords ani singed in peasnn, They should anv wth ‘pasols inthe coting tied day and aboald eam about te pace uti sgn than they will uh pen the enemie ities Dish Phang CCoothang ooded ‘consent st ee and et Co-Tam ee band © do job, He was ia the mid of 188 fined the sivshootr, The enemies had ao move but srendered ther order; they were ted up and Ind tthe General Hexdquartee bbe prseted tothe Supreme Commands, who burt out lughing upon soexpected exploit of CoTam Now Go-Tam was entrusted upon with he tik of going to Thilond secite sax material fr the making of ammnitons. Sine she showed 1st of Perception of the importance of the mission, cae and effet ot saved from bet part. She suceeded ia five wips and brought ‘mere than 4o,e00 Ibs of power, which filled almost te dite seeds 4 fog. sine, Later on she was not head of anrmore and was presumed ded dhe forests daving her hard trip. The able eask in whith Co-Tam a ede heel, conttuted at great extent to solve the hardest problem few yea, That pom war let how and wher, 20 one knew later on ‘he Resatance's cogs had aot eased it in anyone ese in a mater ch inportance Since the couse was opened t her to centbuteefeively the Resinnc's ors, CocTar was able to gasp the fll mearng ‘er sion and bad 2 fe conaon of failing it with her cpa aden, whch she fad ane in the past evo years at the mak Tone. Het heart leap wih jy when ake made her way to ep in ving sat by uficent sevice she cou usin te power and confidence 0 fh effete in the undeqmaad’s forces, Se tien two hake fall of ele and dinlale safle. and exied to he pagoda whine wee ined the coring: By hes caring aod er grey Desty, he obtsned epithe eae of she sls Surouned er tend hrf baying the tt Always with her fod esl mannan, abe slot ber soe 3¢ ches ce fn the fog tnd nent ava) wth promie wo come buck on he set ‘Being though wih harshp and He severance, he sles food in 4 morvlins compiion wiheet doting he fo py. The ext ng she cme, back ta the sme pce with the sine views the fen you smenint ony manner that adic the Wart Bese oe UMMA Te en ne come our he, Hor patie amore pled aceedingly the ier tht all 2 ete ant -cah er ke rs mig from the sane province of Hata and above all was exe es empath le ee ne fends of Dinh Phang, He wat a reer mandarin Whe the Peach Ccting, Mer Sa that ring the cestans were roaming abou: the eee Gi ce ne Glngused in pemants Thin tne ake wed. berg cham at es oe perstace to peseute the incsiat pope more els comerted fie Resezess went beyond despa. One day the ler rene from Nho-qun,by which he el te buco leader give wp the in insiing terms: «You do nothing bet hide youre in de mountain to appear at sight os tie get i te day tne you ata fox» iL net pocket the ape aly a Ms reads ant ponents ‘A MANDARIN CAUGHT BY THE RESISTANTS 4m sfga, te Preach represion, backed by the mindarins of the ess brought upon the Undeground aad ceahed its climax, The ful de tind of dinlable mined wits a proper psiosng ingredient ir oldach, she judged spe time so take action she fied with ‘fie ftom whom she took off the sihoowe and gnve a me fiance to the reintants who wire mixed up with the ville who founded the drunk soles. The weasy mea rhed spon them s 200 234tect in tien thei temper de to te inulting terme, Cso-thangwountered goand cptie alive the naar with the unanimous conse of his tus, Nho-guang wat now Chief f Miitary Astin the ara of uso ‘at was under the adiniation'f Leki Hap. For purpose f eeprom [Nio-quang essed twenty milks stains inthe ae, each one wat af ‘vith 50 en povided with adaquate French rile, Hs resdence howe ned by 30 loa armen. A pawoiag group of 0 men unde che com aad of a ceain Wactntofier mamed Dat, went fom one sation uke day and. ght Before being able to espure alte iah-nho-Qi CChothang had wo deny the whole defence ine with song forces; fa yas nt the plan oped bythe Gener, Being tented suas, Cab hing cul his own deve. On Ocuber, he set his Ineligene service i accion: t then separ tat a Preach Oter was ead Bo focal sls et Nghean for a pati in the area of Huong son, The coaiagent was 0 ave to Haong-n within six days. By that dine the ogtizaton| production of the Underground were in fll wide and atine8 fay propuroas. Crothang ould have used the armel powet, but he General Toved stratagem and whose achievement was matched by his gens, The which cnkouted him wat Soomiable work of brn. “The day prior to the atl ofthe Freach Oli with his Go five rssants cla in French soles ufos with a fgsbaser wa ead, went asund the mili stains set bythe reed matin and Stoued while passing before each stuion «To-morrow a Benth Liu ‘nating 10 sles wil pate by the sation. You should guer you sl infront of your ston to slate she patrlag group while ie sass by 1 yos fn you tsk you will be punished. Nanay the head of station obeyed the orders The coming day the Freeh tearing tok ol fe previnuly annauoied, One handed loa soldiers were headed by sou-burgt Preach Lieutenant; the grocp pated by exch ila station made sf doplay of is foros to sale te group of patol, The Fremk Testenast continued hs toue with his men without topieg at 2 ston ‘ytlhe acved before the Residence house of Dinhsho-Quang where he ered» hit for a bea, The sodas then got out dele food and took Tunch in a halal set before the hose af the adorn. Some of ev eozeed in small tls with the 29 ren garded ia the vast mane use of the madacin povided with a spacious garden fall of varied ever in this ong purnd. Two agents of the poling group bexed oles on ity in front of the jones howe of the mandarin to be hued to Dishtho-Quig so the cold geet im, since they oemethy re bm when the nandain was Chie of «Disc i Hasty The reauest aly reported to Nho.qiang who noid content The two Segets west Trough before Mho-quang who skowed 2 grat kindness towards them ‘is wk and the mandarin leg advind them ail to serve fihflly cause of pico forthe ake af peace and odet of the country. ‘While Dinh-to-Quang wae chntering with Us serge one half saber 6f the ptrlng olirs made fend with te sldes on duty shout ‘anson-ossr, snc they wete alowed text the large gudea 0 adie Flowers Sudenly one seller rhe in and cle the Setgents vpoa the ies of the French Liutnant, One of the Segeat went cat while the ‘was talking on with the mandarin, When the Sergint came back, be a sid espesully that the French Of asked persion to come the house to grost the mnnéarin. Nho-qsag’svaiglosousess swelled p asa brosk ats bevy rin fall; be nodded with pide and asked both 1), west © the font dove 10 reve the Freach Offic. "No sean 2 Nhoquang hal reached the front door hat four wie: of the ptrol st i foue si-shooters a showed «By onder of our Commune ite fPhan-iah-Phang you are requested 10 follow us to his Geral Heade Guar where he as ansossly waiting for you>, The mandarin was ten fp ia 2 trail of an eye bythe pool group who menaced the sles on uty of severe restation for any hasanous move as w save the mandarin fiom the capure 283flor and. His plan was motivated by eo factors: 1. After five yrs of inservice taining, his devoted mea gsned 2 high individual Squliy Sotk jo orl and miliary standard shove all ce euing and ig oft Resiisnc's army reached the ult achievement. 2. the forces had be always confined to the szonphld they might be snd cozoqustly they ight wear down beyond rameiy. That lng pont ie it id wel viewed wy th OH a a fim worthy to be seichely since ie further the ase © ye of the, mi of people ad extended the network ofthe Rese fe Caothang refered 40 Dink Phung for approval of the pln of ‘ne used #2 Jo hes you loan ford to ait on the fence a take elo Protally the lender was agai che lage ele offensive atack red br he Gena who jose eamely thereupon» fall dhe leader i fee had. Ca-thang then slot 00 cpable en equipped with ‘eon cynic and hamilating for sar people Je the present prac ‘respond and bean the march upon the enemies, His sony wat divided 0 sagan the fet ge was Ie by himoelf he was seconded by while heading wards te mountain of Va-quins. At the fot of the ‘nountin 200 soldi stood rendy for help in cae of the Fresch pit to fice the mandi. Nhowsang wis brought before Diah Phong tho sel ‘in with dgniey nd cally elds «Do you snsidar your ation a 2a fone wp you paras the pacicaon ofthe county fo the atk of fore tule? Cerily jou do not rie that when our Underground cll which ren io thous of dead tive, our people wil sioy hs sitply requis 10 redeem yoor fe at the cat of sit thousnds pia ters; the amouat will apport the Resitance budget Just ak it over The mandarin was jad; he hoped for his Ubersion by pone persis ciel ost by the clei ewer. Four months dlp with say tberaton was viewed by the Pench toons on his bell. He wro to his family tat brugit eo the mountain four thousale of slater hogiisg wat aot feed, ecru the ransom was inmffcent. Later ea ‘the French tops sicended to capture the outyost of che Undergo fores and the matdavin was Uberted, The sews of the capture of ‘mandarin spread out, whish cased the disaofl atieaen of the mand fins tomas the rritants ted dowa a wile ’ on commande by his brother Cuo‘Nas, fered the reer Onis arc, @ tps dentoyel onthe way the iis stations seated inthe wie rey ar aooter fl dowa str afew ours stack launched bythe eins, ly Cuo-hangavived toa states postion held by 109 loc soldiers the Comin of 3 famed Secoé-Liesteneat named Pies, Phies was wel esinant in the underground, Hwa by his bilant expla and usages atu when fing the fs. The strong poat whic he eld "No lay on th way t0 Nphe-an thus twas an outpect tobe captured e-iang hat t proceed to Nphean to esvlop the city’s grin. long be ives coined the tenants, tte could be trang Ua, And costae forte of hi bearing ia war sngeesed a pest del bi mem several ey vistores of small se, Ce-thang desided to see the mg point. When hs contingent eared the frat he saw 20 sgn of living StoondLiestenant Phiea was 2 good. statepst, When he was infore of the conieg of Caothing atthe head of an amy of ding reise be planoed aot 10 fice the mighty forces of the Restance, by 265, GENERAL CAO-THANG KILLED AMID HIS WEN Agsiast the great tary geniva of the Underground fate oppose 4 dado reson, Tae General sully seed upon his energy of intel fed on wil to resale the most conilex problems of satay when be Tooul the eoeniee's mighey free Now be comtemplied some daring operations in onet &9 oirb the coloaal armed mighty and grin. god 2Date aray, but chose to best down the asnilnts by sage He onto? ous Ialf of his men to take up ambush abot ovo away flow the fone, while the remsising soldiers lapt quiet within Dlokioure ofthe non avien Caoshang fed Jo, Bath contingents the courteratack only st the night fall. when they saw light ok fon the top of the Tagpole, Thus evrything was done scoding 19 iedsle, Now he rsktat suousded the foreess and sim a0 li into the biseldouse and the whole forsean ‘The sight was fling Slowly. when a ahr was boned on the top of the flagpole of station, The fice of the enemies Brann ther forth with viking from fonts. a= well 8 ftom the ar of the Resiane’® aray that ten betneen two flanks, The Jcalsnldien had the adeantce to covered by he conerte Mockbowe wile the resins ere lerposed io the open fed. Cothang orumed that the risiante eared from the rat hy te eafrerent coming fom the cloi fatter thas he rez Gat he coaingent of olin sent by Phisa to ff charged hie men ; his hi fecnive asl wae bitterly contd ‘Hong led the head aod oped i en to fg feria © force 26 ‘of thro both Saks ; he Gite ht eontgen ioto two uni, trong of 59 en in ort fice effiioly the frontal attack. Te 1 ‘at the rensining uoDpe, 700 men were wader the command of Cand apd Nouyen Nisa who took aoe road lsing to Nghe-an where the th entinnts were due © converge pots Dusog his arousSght, Cao Pot pel) i eee ee enemies who lew beter the grou than the esis, Viewiog the ch be two nis reaped chi mon ad fp cut the way 0 te ope fe fee ied caer eee ee aoc fed carried at once tack o Ve-quaog, whore be give up hie xh It ‘The dest of Caothang fest him awe and permancany sje afficed the Reisanc’s lds; tala hampeot thie defensive action inthe fone, “Te tender ender fist magninde fener and he wept 23 cil ja tovng: «D6y heart es buco thre wits you, my beloved Czo-tang In. that dap the Restano’s fren wee wining down slowly, icing’ the ied aul lanched by the exonal troops Cao.thc’s fame of genial nd talented milary cpaizer boame esnblshe’ in the heart the sesstants at his death pvtended the graa backward slicing of the ce} and ely or weeny, it was rgaded as the grate of clams he nation, His cindust in the field was Bihly characrc by his most i phnge into ee feof the enemie, whic tse his most smorous | into a fess one Co-tang died x his a9 years of ae ‘Aer the det of Cs-thang, Se French Commasé was aware that Resnane’s fren were ging dows, nevertles thir atk of pasifston ot become eit, even the French relied moaly upon the eficcons 30 ofthe mands, The mst notroue mandarin, sich as Le-knh- Ha, ho Qei, Phan-ay-Nhuan and thee ascites — resorted tthe mst ous devise in the thought that ie should have moved the hea of ea nde, They procended 0 dir the remains of the pares of ung, wine hones were bived isthe village of Dodg-ths- On ont they kept the bones at Hasta ity, on the other hand they enught and the ceatves of te Ieder. Sach wer unpopulr osion, indulged by French purposely — lle! dows upon them the cine from Hesven, cs traonally te Orientals vowed divine respect toward thee anosron’s sy and with an undisturbed oie he sid 4 is companions # Tat svn fy rings shame ad dagace wo thei. As to digg m7 aceon’ tombe di deaining the bones 14 a ie for my decton to give wp ou cause fallen would entance the value of thet moral conduct and made Gin 2 Imghing och. Since we have ten wp the cesinanc, we have Ie reponsibiity 10 show to oie optete people the way dough whichloot they could hope om free themselves.» Thus in the most crcl smotent of le Hf, DiahPhune id oot rik but firmly rons oat the way af an undaunted eeizance t our rebjugted poop Murwards, he shameful set took Soother sep, sing that 2 fast ceoae file uters. Hoang-co-Khay ten Viceoy of Nort-Viea fevesivad an arogant pretension to bend the heroic will by wring 1. DiahPhng a Iter which was entrusted upon hit brotere-ln, was ia the sime tne 2 cousin of Dinh-Phang (Phan-ranMsa) 1c 1 the addecuse. ‘The ster wae won ost a follows « Dee Gente PhasdiaPaung, fist lstered man of the mation. Bren we wre bom in de same ville, we have been apart fom lech other ever sce thee seventem yes. Daring that loog separson, 1 fave been constantly thinking of you and wishing to meet you some da somehow «Sine you fave taken up the lender of the Resitance Moreineat, your gremest vinwe of firmness and upigheeasnes have been wi ‘oown by the French Officls who fully apprest your remarkable conduc. Oa the diy His Mieay the Emperor tak to flake, you asd igh the «Cannone? bannir. Ie wat the night thing in the sigt ee However, things have dagged sow, that the mos ieee man i fonsrous cf. You undewtad hat we view preseay the oxsion ia ae swsy, fa the ght of what hat been féllowing the event. It seme 2 and ineparable cor (0 periet ia fihtag agra the Goverment, Protctorste of Viet aod to face is mighty force. Tete 3 that you se determined 10 do to he end what eetied right 10 79 Petia die accra, ‘Above all the tecent events ae dtecoaing the ston of o ‘nuney, whith sate of thing bleado ay Rear. A few days ag6) Got Genel De Lanesan tok te mutter and diced it with me Snaly fi induced me, ell spon your comprehen, in view of sparing at least to the compatics of aur own sata vilige, the mire: aerated Sowing tht we were ben in he same village. «Psy think a moment af the conduct of the Freach Goverar who foreign; acually he is caring for the welliee of our ppl 3 foto “eal we not do Hhewie ® The actual ie of your resistance led 0 biter td, would lead to nowhere but utr misfortne for our compa, hich seven areal rest man bas ao tert w bes. Nourty,Xflly understand that siace you have been 2 mn who the Preach mule By armed fra tis not easy for you to dest TR is the onl obmace for you, then T can asire You that T il nat st your Ife endangeed, The Governor Gengl, the Résdent jue at Hue and the Réslen of France in Nphean ae in friendly on with se. Recent, the two Chief of Disc Trantiash.Kion aad icine Nhaanewere ascine of = cine and sentenced 1 det by he of Hue; yet upon mp interference both of them were given fe (One of your companions, Phantrong Must gave sp the supa fo the Resitnce; and he war warmly weleomed by the French sto Junto mention two cues mich capper the gest extent of the lay and. chcty shown ty the Feeich High Osi, Whenever your a. make a Gem decson in that dieebn, plese do nt heitte, T ve eo ill ato the sittin of am absent minded man. * Sincerely yours, Hoan Kha PhaocdinhPhung resived the eter from he hun of his eosin, eva-Man; be reid ¢ and. advied the mesenger not to renew aoy- ch deogeous mision, for the simple restop that if he war mot is ouso, sich Kind of messenger coud ot expe fom dex. Now Irie Inder teped to the Vioeoys letir ar it follows Dear Gentenas, Houag-co-Khsi, “You five the Kndaess to show ae by your lewer, the bene Sal ond sho baumfol shing shat T have to face for myeif at well abor out compstiot, viewing the present ckcumstnces, T corougly une desaaad i, <= you ea ques T have the clearness of my limited vison to cvahte my weak force which i faring the mighry one of the Frenchy, 5 you rexocsbly intended put i Neverelss, sisce our moral wad tion ws framed ao nto afford loyalty to the Empere; under he prove sions of wich moral coge, as the Chasis dietme-the surenier of the iaciples sould detroy all chance of our matinal survival Since the French atived. here with tie new tchoique of watfve and ther de ded wil 12 conquer cue seeds, His Mjaty cur iopetor had ‘a aay ad our people has been submerged ia a distrous misery. © 1695s Majo, om Bi fle, enustal upon me the cred atk of rkiog he tanner of reounce in the hope of tbe ear sol, If you were 1, would you be able © forstke the mission om Paidons. Anos ten yeze have este, dati which period my fomptions fugit and. ded in count number, wile cu sup and symputiers invotved indeesy to the atuale have been sf from unkamin exstions and lcatneat comiag fom your par. Sil one of them wae ptepting to ferste the came of the sation wo leptiate his Beart They ave fighting for the abore-mentoned prin ses they should be Uible to the diice and the curse of the fu tenernon. Let you be in my place to se by yourself my aii, Concerning the wer hunting sondtins in which car wn villge, os the cet of eur country-was immeged, pla do undead ‘he piston, they ane a heir saviee 2 se of Joa oallabortce wh dave ben bringing im coniuton wits everthing ning canoe svcd, when thse claorso® ented the saris which & Fel orga 4s leep our peple sider subseon. They have bees strrng to mend ties coadion in ont to seure Ser own. pies al eh. Te ‘sll posible up to this pint Dut wore tan ine, they dragged thems Inte the gues by eusing their own fellowmen in brit way as if the the Law of jangle Ike the ery 2 let yor know tt since Shey cision, they hardly remain unas being. What ey hve been doing. thie om compat ie ln done spe thir own lierty. How Bex she peor ould be erwise, if not beans mirsble beyond "Af you relly ove them, pu your in my sition, you sal see osc ste, Phonsint Phang Such a ply sald fave Bown wp the mind of the sa who ve vt much fret fom that brit, After eine the leer, Cn’ 5 lscolare, Thus he pocketed the int ia ful. The Vieroy now resorted the st wespio, which was uiving the French to use vieleot means to caste the Reatanee, He tad the leer wanted and sent t0 Gevernoe fl De Lanesan with eazestsuppcason t rerenge ont int he had ss At this pit the mitaey man sppeied on the sone in the of Nguyen-Than, anther mandarin whose action was ately cnn, By the end of 1894 Dish-Phang moved his Hesdquatrs othe of Daan, fa the die of Huoog-te-ot fir from Va-gsane, stronghold was provided with the same mratie postion. His move five up thie neceery eupport 9, Te mason wiikareaing movee of recance anally shad