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Review

of
Synchronou
s
Sequential C
ircuits
CoE 23: Lec
ture 1
Sequential Circuits
Logic circuit where the present value of the inputs is
dependent not only on the present inputs but also on the
history (previous state) of the inputs

Must have some memory capability or memory element

CoE 23: Lecture 1 2


Sequential Circuits

CoE 23: Lecture 1 3


Synchronous Sequential Circuits
Behavior can be dened from the knowledge of its signals at
discrete instants of >me

All state changes (transi>ons from present state Qn to next state


Qn+1) in memory elements are controlled by a system clock

CoE 23: Lecture 1 4


Flip-?lop
Most basic memory element in sequen>al circuits

Capable of storing one bit of informa>on

Can take on a value of either 0 or 1

Maintains (memorizes) a state un>l directed by an input


signal to switch state

Types: SR (set-reset), JK, D (data or delay), T (toggle)


CoE 23: Lecture 1 5
D Flip?lops

CoE 23: Lecture 1 6


T Flip?lops

CoE 23: Lecture 1 7


SR Flip?lops

CoE 23: Lecture 1 8


JK Flip?lops

CoE 23: Lecture 1 9


Selecting Memory
Sample applica>ons:
D ip-ops for data transfers
T ip-ops for complementa>on
JK ip-ops for general purpose applica>ons

Usually dened in the problem; otherwise, use the one


that makes a simpler machine

CoE 23: Lecture 1 10


State Transition Diagrams
Usual conven>on: state-> bubbles, transi>ons->arrows
Input and output values are indicated beside the
transi>on it is associated with

CoE 23: Lecture 1 11


Mealy or Moore Machines
Mealy machines
Output depends on the state and the input
Output values are indicated beside the transi>on (arrow)
There is a combina>onal path between the output and the input

Moore machines
Output depends on the state alone
Output values can be indicated in the state (bubble)
No direct combina>onal path between the output and the input

CoE 23: Lecture 1 12


Mealy or Moore Machine
1
0 0 0
0

0 1 1

1/0
0/0 A B 1/1
0/0

CoE 23: Lecture 1 13


Mealy or Moore Machines

CoE 23: Lecture 1 14


Design Example
Design a beginning-of-message detector that outputs a 1
(permanently) when three consecu0ve ones are present
in a digital line. Use D ipops.

CoE 23: Lecture 1 15


Design Example

CoE 23: Lecture 1 16


Design Example

CoE 23: Lecture 1 17


Design Example
Use K-maps to obtain the following equa>ons:
Z = XQ2+ Q2Q1
D2= XQ1+ Z
D1= XQ1+ Q2Q1 (can be XQ1 + Z)

CoE 23: Lecture 1 18


Design Example

CoE 23: Lecture 1 19

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