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Aim:
To study the UML Diagrams.
Introduction:
CASE tools known as Computer-aided software engineering tools is a kind of
component-based development which allows its users to rapidly develop information
systems. The main goal of case technology is the automation of the entire information
systems development life cycle process using a set of integrated software tools, such as
modeling, methodology and automatic code generation. Component based
manufacturing has several advantages over custom development. The main advantages
are the availability of high quality, defect free products at low cost and at a faster time.
The prefabricated components are customized as per the requirements of the customers.
The components used are pre-built, ready-tested and add value and differentiation by
rapid customization to the targeted customers. However the products we get from case
tools are only a skeleton of the final product required and a lot of programming must be
done by hand to get a fully finished, good product.
Characteristics of CASE:
Some of the characteristics of case tools that make it better than customized
development are;
It is a graphic oriented tool.
It supports decomposition of process.
Some typical CASE tools are:
Unified Modeling Language
Data modeling tools, and
Source code generation tools
Introduction to UML (Unified Modeling Language):
The unified modeling language (UML) is a standard language for writing software blue
prints. The UML is a language for
Visualizing
Specifying
Constructing
Documenting
Visualizing
The UML is more than just a bunch of graphical symbols. In UML each symbol
has well defined semantics. In this manner one developer can write a model in the UML
and another developer or even another tool can interpret the model unambiguously.
Specifying
UML is used for specifying means building models that are precise,
unambiguous and complete. UML addresses the specification of all the important
analysis, design and implementation decisions that must be made in developing and
deploying a software intensive system.
Constructing
UML is not a visual programming language but its models can be directly
connected to a variety of programming languages. This means that it is possible to map
from a model in the UML to a programming language such as java, c++ or Visual Basic
or even to tables in a relational database or the persistent store of an object-oriented
database. This mapping permits for-ward engineering. The generation of code from a
UML model into a programming language. The reverse engineering is also possible you
can reconstruct a model from an implementation back into the UML.
Documenting
The Rules that direct how those building blocks may be put together. Some
common mechanisms that apply throughout the UML. As UML describes the real time
systems it is very important to make a conceptual model and then proceed gradually.
Conceptual model of UML can be mastered by learning the following three major
elements:
Things
Relationships
Diagrams
Things:
There are four kinds of things in the UML:
Relations:
1. Association
2. Dependency
3. Generalization
4. Realization
2. Aggregation and
3. Composition
1. Association:
An association is a structural relationship that specifies the relation between two objects
when they are at the same level (peer level systems).
An Association can specify the relationship, role of the class and Multiplicity.
An Association used in class diagram, Component diagram, deployment diagram,
usecase diagrams.
Directed Association:
Links a semantic association between two classes in the UML diagram.
Aggregation:
Links a semantic association between two classes in the UML diagram.
Symbol:
2. Generalization:
Generalization is a specification relationship in which objects of the specialized
element (the child) are substitutable for objects of the generalization element (the
parent).It is used in class diagram.
Symbol:
3. Dependency:
A dependency is a semantic relationship in which if there is any change occurred
in one object that may affect other object.
Dependency is used in class diagram, Component diagram, deployment diagram,
use-case diagrams.
Symbol:
4. Realization:
Realization is a Specified tool that can be represented by providing a relationship
with classifier.
Dependency is used in class diagram, Component diagram, deployment diagram,
use-case diagrams.
Symbol:
2. Use-case diagram
3. Behavior diagram
4. Implementation diagram
1. USE-CASE DIAGRAM:
The functionality of a system can be described in a number of different use-
cases, each of which represents a specific flow of events in a system. It is a graph of
actors, a set of use-cases enclosed in a boundary, communication, associations between
the actors and the use-cases, and generalization among the use-cases.
2. CLASS DIAGRAM:
The UML class diagram is also known as object modeling. It is a static analysis
diagram. These diagrams show the static structure of the model. A class diagram is a
connection of static model elements, such as classes and their relationships, connected as
a graph to each other and to their contents.
Example Screen Shot:
3. SEQUENCE DIAGRAM:
A sequence diagram is an interaction diagram that details how operations are carried
out, what messages are sent and when. Sequence diagrams are organized according to
time. The time progresses as we go down the page. The objects involved in the operation
are listed from left to right according to when they take part in the message sequence.
Each vertical dotted line is a lifeline, representing an object exist. Each arrow is a
message call. An arrow goes from the sender to the top of the activation bar of the
message on the receivers lifeline. The activation bar represents the duration of
execution of the message.
A
Create B
Return
Lifeline X
Deletion
Creation
Create message
Object life starts at that point
Activation
Symbolized by rectangular stripes
Place on the lifeline where object is activated.
Rectangle also denotes when object is deactivated.
Deletion
Placing an X on lifeline
Objects life ends at that point
Example Screen Shot:
4. COLLOBORATIION DIAGRAM :
In the end of sequence diagram by pressing F5 function key we get the Collaboration
diagram are also interaction diagrams. They convey the same information as sequence
diagrams, but they focus on object roles instead of the times that messages are sent. In a
sequence diagram, object roles are the vertices and messages are the connecting links.
Collaboration diagram consists of the numbered sequences of actions involved in a use
case. The numbering may be simple numbering system or decimal numbering system.
The collaboration diagram is very useful for large applications as they include only the
order of sequence of actions happening in use cases.
Example Screen Shot:
5. STATE CHART DIAGRAM:
It consists of state, events and activities. State diagrams are a familiar technique
to describe the behavior of a system. They describe all of the possible states that a
particular object can get into and how the object's state changes as a result of events that
reach the object. In most OO techniques, state diagrams are drawn for a single class to
show the lifetime behavior of a single object.
Final State
An arrow pointing to a filled circle nested inside another circle represents the final action
state
Action states
Action states represent the no interruptible actions of objects. You can draw an action
state in Smart Draw using a rectangle with rounded corners.
Action Flow
Action flow arrows illustrate the relationships among action states
States
States represent situations during the life of an object. You can easily illustrate a state in
Smart Draw by using a rectangle withrounded corners.
Transition
A solid arrow represents the path between different states of an object. Label the
transition with the event that triggered it and the action that results from it.
Object Flow
Object flow refers to the creation and modification of objects by activities. An object
flow arrow from an action to an object means that the action creates or influences the
object. An object flow arrow from an object to an action indicates that the action state
uses the object.
Branching
A diamond represents a decision with alternate paths. The outgoing alternates should be
labeled with a condition or guard expression. You can also label one of the paths "else."
Synchronization
A synchronization bar helps illustrates parallel transitions. Synchronization is also called
forking and joining.
Swim lanes
Swim lanes group related activities into one column.
SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION:
ATM machine is widely used for withdrawing amount at any time and
any place.
The main advantage of the ATM system is the transaction is made very
fast and effective.
The ATM system is totally inter -connected with all the banks, by which
we can withdraw cash or check the balance within few minutes globally.
With the help of this system we can save time instead of standing in
queue for withdrawing a cash from the bank.
Thus the ATM system provides better efficiency for withdrawing the
cash.
LANGUAGE SELECTION
USER BANK DB
TRANSACTION TYPE
TRANSACTION PROCESS
CARD VRIFICATION:
LANGUAGE SELECTION:
In this processes, the user have to select the language type before he/she
going to do some activities on the ATM system.
TRANSACTION TYPE:
In the transaction type, the user have to select which type of transaction is to be
processed on the ATM system either the transaction will be enquiry or withdrawing the
cash.
TRANSACTION PROCESS:
In this process, tells whether the user has made some process on the ATM
system or not.
CLASS DIAGRAM
bank db
bank db()
+theUser
user
id : int +theAtmmachine
pinNo : int atmmachine
user()
atmmachine()
login()
exit()
username()
+theAccount +theTransprocess
transprocess
account
pro_id : int
accNo : int
+theAccount pro_Type : char
pro_Date : Date
account()
amount : Long
Addnew()
updateacc()
transprocess()
+theSvings +theCrent
svings crent
accNo : int accNo : int
svings() crent()
update() update()
CLASS DESCRIPTION:
Update- used to update the user account details in the bank database.
SEQUENCE DIAGRAM
CARD VERIFICATION
ENTER PIN NO
VERIFYING PIN NO
ACCESS PERMITED
LANGUAGE SELECTION
USER ATM
MACHINE
SELECT A LANGUAGE
LANGUAGE SELECTED
TRANSACTION TYPE
USER ATM
MACHINE
WITHDRAW
SUFFICIENT BALANCE
COLLECT CASH
ACTIVITY DIAGRAM
INSERT CARD
LANGUAGE
SELECTION
ENTER PINNO
INCORRECT PINNO
PINNO VERIFICATION
VALID PINNO
ENQUIRY WITHDRAW
CHECK THE TYPE
PRINT RECEIPT
NO YES
CHECK BALANCE
INSUFFICIENT WITHDRAW
BALANCE CASH
DO U WANT TO YES
CONTINUE
NO
COURSE REGISTRATION SYSTEM
AIM
To create a system through which students can register to the courses desired
by them.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
The system is built to be used by students and managed by an administrator.
The student and employee have to login to the system before any processing can
be done.
The student can see the courses available to him and register to the course he
wants.
The administrator can maintain the course details and view all the students who
have registered to any course.
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
Microsoft visual basic 6.0 is used as the front end of our project and ms-access as
the back end.
USE-CASE DIAGRAM:
The course registration system has the following use-cases
Login
View course details
Registration
Display details
Maintain course details
Logout
LOGIN
STUDENT ADMIN
REGISTRATION
DISPLAY DETAILS
LOGOUT
CLASS DIAGRAM:
The class diagram is a graphical representation of all the classes used in the
system and their operations, attributes and relationships.
The course registration system makes use of the following
classes:
1. Stud(student details)
2. Administrator
1) Stud
It consists of the details of all the students present in the database. The
attributes present in this class are student id, password, name, age, sex, course
and attendance. The object of this class is created as soon as the student
registers to a course. The operations available to this class are login (), logout
(), confirmation (), register (), and view course details ().
2) Administrator
It consists of details of all the courses available to the student. The
attributes present in this class are username, password, course fees, fees due,
marks, and attendance. The operations available to this class are login (),
logout (), ma course details (), display course (), and confirmation ().
STUDENT
ADMINISTRATOR
Sid : integer
userid : integer
Passwd : string
passwd : string
Name : string
course fees : integer
age : int
feesdue : string
sex : string
marks : integer
Course : string
attendance : integer
attendence : integer
1..*
login()
login()
logout()
logout()
course details()
confirmation()
display course()
register()
confirmation()
view course details()
SEQUENCE DIAGRAM:
A sequence diagram represents the sequence and interactions of a given usecase
or scenario. Sequence diagrams can capture most of the information about the system.
Most object-to-object interactions and operations are considered events and events
include signals, inputs, decisions, interrupts, transitions and actions to or from users or
external devices. An event also is considered to be any action by an object that sends
information.
The event line represents a message from one object to another, in which the
from object is requesting an operation be performed by the to object. The to object
performs the operation using a method that the class contains. It is also represented by
the order in which things occur and how the objects in the system send message to one
another. The sequence diagram for each use-case that exists when a user logs in, adds,
views, updates or deletes records in the system.
: ADMIN : STUDENT
login( )
login( )
confirmation( )
logout( )
Users have to first login to the system before performing any operation. The
user has to provide the necessary details to the system for login.
When the necessary operations have been performed on the system, the user
may choose to save the changes and logout from the system.
After login, the student has to register to a course of his choice. The
student can view all the courses available to him and register to a course suitable to
him. The student may view the course details before registration.
A student may wish to view course details before registration. For this, the
student has to first login and select the course details he wishes to see.
Course details may be changed as per the requirement every year. So the
administrator can edit the details of the course as necessary.
COLLABORATION DIAGRAM:
1: login( ) login
3: view course details( )
7: view course details( )
2: login( )
9: logout( ) 6:
registration
details
4: register( )
8: logout( )
logout
: STUDENT
ACTIVITY DIAGRAM
login
AMINISTR STUDENT
ATOR
CONFIRM REGISTER
ATION COURSE
MAINTAIN
COURSE
LOGOUT
INVENTORY SYSTEM
AIM:
DESCRIPTION:
The inventory maintenance system is mainly used for maintaining a stock level.
With the help of inventory system we can know the details of Purchase, Sales and Stock
in hand.
This will helps to monitor all the transactions that take place and also it is used to
prepare a day - to day reports and forecast about the stock details.
USECASE DIAGRAM
Purchase
Stock Details
Vendor
Sales
Customer
Invoice
Generate Reports
EXPLANATION:
PURCHASE:
Purchasing the necessary goods from the supplier to maintain an inventory stock.
PURCHASE ORDER
SALES:
INVOICE:
GENERATE REPORTS:
The Vendor maintains daily reports and annual reports according to the
transaction done in the inventory.
CLASS DIAGRAM:
InventorySystem
InventorySystem()
1..*
Suppliers
Supplier
Name
CompanyNo 1..* Address
CompanyName
Phone No.
Address
PhoneNo
* Purchase()
Sales()
Sales()
Stock()
Suppler()
Vendors()
Billing
Stock
BillNo
1..* ItemNo
Customers Date
ItemName
CustomerId Quantity
+theStockQuantity
CustomerName Price
Insert()
Purchase() DailyReport()
Delete()
Customers() MonthlyReport()
Update()
YearlyReport()
Stock()
Billing()
Providing Product
Store in Stock
Request Product
Availablity Checking
Not Available
Order a Product
Available
Bill Generated
Ledger
Balance Sheet
COLLABORATION DIAGRAM:
Customer
Supplier
4: Request Product
3: Store in Stock
5: Availablity Checking
Vendor Stock
6: Not Available
8: Available
SEQUENCE DIAGRAM:
Requesting
Product Details
Puchase
Stock
Maintanence
No
Purchase
Customer
Stock Checking
Yes
Sales Billing
Delete Generate
Stock Report
ONLINE EXAMINATION WITH RESULT
AIM:
DESCRIPTION:
This Online Examination with Result was created using UML diagram. It enables
the user must login to online examination using Username and Password and they attend
the exam and get their results. And the Examiner has rights to upload the question or edit
the question or delete the question. And also the examiner can delete the user.
Add Questions
Edit Questins
Change Password
User
Admin
Add Subject
Delete Subject
Reports
Results
EXPLANATION:
LOGIN FOR EXAMINATION:
ADD QUESTIONS:
This option is used to Add the question by the Examiner.
EDIT QUESTION:
This option is used to change the password by the user and examiner.
ADD SUBJECT:
Enter User-Name and Password
ThisPlease
optionCheck
is usedU to
r show the all user results to the examiner.
User name & Password
Display Results
ACTIVITY DIAGRAM:
Get User-Name Re-Login
and Password
Check its
Valid user No
name and
password
Yes
Show Exam
Instruction
Display
questions
Show
Results
Log Out
CLASS DIAGRAM:
OnlineExam
+theOnlineExam
User1 ExamDataBase
UserID : Integer Admin1
Name : String Select_UserDatabase()
Admin_ID : Integer
Age : Integer Select_questionDatabase()
Name : String
Sex : String Age : Integer
Address : String Sex : Single
Address : Single
Select_Answer()
View_Results() Create_Question()
User1() Delete_Question()
Edit-Quesion()
Create_NewUSer()
Change_Password()
Display_Result()
QuestionDatabase
UserDataBase
subject1
user_id : Integer subject2
user-password : String subject3
display() display_question()
QuestionDatabase()
Class name: User1
Operations: Display().
DESCRIPTION:
This matrimonial system was created using UML diagram. It enables the user to
view the details about the system. The user can register their details. The registered user
can enter into the system using login user id & password. The user can maintain the
profile. They can search for a match. The user can request the match and they will get
the response from their match.
Register
Login
View Profile
User Admin
This option is used to visit the home page without registering in the site.
REGISTER
This is used for making registration to access the information without any
restriction.
LOGIN:
VIEW PROFILE:
This option is used to request for a selected & person will give a response to that.
SEQUENCE DIAGRAM:
REGISTER:
Request to Registration
Successfully Completed
LOGIN:
Right Person
Access Granted
VIEW PROFILE:
Requesting a profile
Responding to Request
SEARCH THE MATCH:
Match Found
Process Completed
Transaction
Request Accepted
ACTIVITY DIAGRAM:
Home
Page
No View
Register
Details
Yes
Registration
Login No
Yes
Valid User
View
Profile
Request for
Match
Communicate
with Match
CLASS DIAGRAM:
ABCMatrimonialSystem
User
InfoDB
Username : String
UserID : String
Password : String
UserProfile : String
UserDetails : String
SearchForProfile()
Login()
SendProfileToUser()
UpdateProfile()
DeleteProfile()
RequestForMatch()
Search
SearchKeyword : String
SearchForProfile()
RequestTheMatch()
Search()
Visitor
SearchProfile()
Visitor()
Attributes : SearchKeyword
DESCRIPTION:
This sytem is mainly used to communicate, chat and keep in touch with friends.
We can add friends to our list id we wish.
We can upload photos, data and we can share those with our friends who are in
the network.
We can create community and can share photos to that community memberes.
Messages and scrap can be send to the community members that we had joined.
User can make privacy to their data i.e., photos ,profile, messages or scrap,
personel information about them, etc..
Can able to give rights to the privacy data to some of their friends too.
User can view other peoples profile or detail if not protected by them who are in
the same network.
Register
Request Friends
Add Friends
Delete Friends
Create or Join
Community
View or Send
Scrap Messages
Update Profile
Upload Data
LOG IN:
The Friends Network members can logs-in into Friends Network by endtering
their userid and password, if they are already a member of the network.
REGISTER:
If the person is new to the network he/she can enter into the network by
registering themselves by giving their details or creating profile.
REQUEST FRIEND:
The logged in member can add their friends to the friends list by giving their
friends username. Then a request is send to that particualar person, if he/she add as
friend then only they can communicate.
ADD FRIENDS:
Member can add a friend that has been came as request to his/her request list.
DELETE FRIENDS:
The member have the rights to delete the added friends in the list.
The Member can see any of the persons details in the network by searching on
the name.
Any Member of this network can create a community and can add any number of
persons to the community. Anyone in the network can join in any of the community that
has been created.
The user can view the received messages from his/her friends and can reply to
that. Also the user can create a new message and send to any of the friends.
UPDATE PROFILE:
UPLOAD DATA:
The Members can upload data such as photo, video,etc. and can make privacy to
those data.
SEQUENCE DIAGRAM:
Member or User Friends Network Friends Network
System Database
8: Request to Friends
ACTIVITY DIAGRAM:
Home Page
New User
User Type Registration
Member
Log In
Re-Enter
Verify Username
Password
Valid
Request
Friend
Add Friends
Join in
Community
Create
Community
Scrap
Messages
Upload Files
Update Profile
CLASS DIAGRAM:
Friends Network System
User
uid : int
pwd : char Community
name : string
add_frnd() no_mem : int
req_frnd() type : string
send_scrap()
view_scrap() cre_comm()
join_comm() del_comm()
Profile
cre_comm() acc_mem()
del_frnd() uid : int rem_mem()
uplo_file()
new()
update()
delete()
Personel Detail
Primary Details uid : int
name : char add : string
uid : int pin : int
pwd : char alt_mail : string
dob : int
search() gender : char
get_det()
send_det()
Login
Employee details
Generate payslip
CLASS DIAGRAM:
Payroll preparation
Employee
Attendance
Salary Id : int
Id : int
name : string
Name : string Id : int
D.O.B : date
Desig : string Name : string
Age : int
Total_days : int W_days : int
Sex : string
W_days : int W_hours : int
Desig : string
W_hours : int Basic_pay : double
D.O.J : date
Basic_pay : double
getdata() getdata()
cal_lop() putdata()
getdate()
putdata()
putdate()
Daily_wages Monthly_wages
Id : int Id : int
Name : string Name : string
Desig : string Desig : string
W_hours : int W_days : int
Net_pay : double Basic_pay : double
Allowances : double
getdata() Detections : double
cal_sal() Net_pay : double
putdata()
getdata()
cal_lop()
cal_detection()
cal_sal()
putdata()
Class : Attendance.
Class : Employee
Class : Daily_Wages
Class : Monthly_wages
net_pay.
ACTIVITY DIAGRAM:
LOGIN:
2: Enter details
3: Information stored
4: Acess granted
EMPLOYEE DETAILS:
2: Enter details
3: Information stored
4: Process completed
SEARCH RECORD:
Accountant Employee info Database
system
1: Enter employee id
5: Display information
PAYROLL CALCULATION:
PAYSLIP GENERATION:
Accountant Employee info Database
system
1: Enter employee id
2: Accountant entering id
3: Checking if correct
SALARY DETAILS:
3: Provided details
4: Display details
ACTIVITY DIAGRAM:
loign
Checking
for No
authorizaiton
Yes
view all emp
details
search records
checking No
for id
Yes
display emp
details
enter emp
attendance
processign payroll
calculation
checking
for emp
Id