38 Chapter P Preparation for Calculus

Using the Vertical Line Test In Exercises 43-46, sketch f k 51. Stress Test A machine part was tested by bending it
the graph of the equation and use the Vertical Line Test to x centimeters 10 times per minute until the time y (in hours) of
determine whether y is a function of x. failure. The results are recorded in the table.

43. x y2 = 6
x 3 6 9 12 15
44. X2 -- y = 0
|x y 61 56 53 55 48
2 J2

45. y =
x
46. x = 9 -- y 2 x 18 21 24 27 30

y 35 36 33 44 23
fk 47. Transformations of Functions Use a graphing utility
to graphf(x) = x3 3x2. Use the graph to write a formula for
the function g shown in the figure. To print an enlarged copy (a) Use the regression capabilities of a graphing utility to find
of the graph, go to MathGraphs.com. a linear model for the data.
(b) Use a graphing utility to plot the data and graph the model.
(a) 6
A 2, 5) (c) Use the graph to determine whether there may have been
6 an error made in conducting one of the tests or in
recording the results. If so, eliminate the erroneous point
(0 ,^ and find the model for the remaining data.
2 4
h .\
-1 f k 52. Median Income The data in the table show the median
income y (in thousands of dollars) for males of various ages x
ftp 48. Conjecture in the United States in 2009. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau)
(a) Use a graphing utility to graph the functions f , g, and h in
the same viewing window. Write a description of any x 20 30 40 50 60 70
similarities and differences you observe among the graphs.
y 10.0 31.9 42.2 44.7 41.3 25.9
Odd powers: f(x) = x, g(x) = x3, h(x) = x5
Even powers: f(x) = x2, g(x) = x4, h(x) = x6 (a) Use the regression capabilities of a graphing utility to find
(b) Use the result in part (a) to make a conjecture about the a quadratic model for the data.
graphs of the functions y = x7 and y = x8. Use a graphing (b) Use a graphing utility to plot the data and graph the model.
utility to verify your conjecture.
(c) Use the model to approximate the median income for a
fk 49. Think A bout It Use the results of Exercise 48 to guess the male who is 26 years old.
shapes of the graphs of the functions f , g, and h. Then use a
(d) Use the model to approximate the median income for a
graphing utility to graph each function and compare the result
male who is 34 years old.
with your guess.
53. Harmonic M otion The motion of an oscillating weight
(a) fix) = x2(x 6)2
suspended by a spring was measured by a motion detector. The
(b) g(x) = x3(x 6)2 data collected and the approximate maximum (positive and
(c) h(x) = x3(x 6)3 negative) displacements from equilibrium are shown in the
figure. The displacement y is measured in feet, and the time t
50. Think A b out It What is the minimum degree of the
is measured in seconds.
polynomial function whose graph approximates the given
graph? What sign must the leading coefficient have? y

0.50
(1.1, 0.25)
x 0.25

++ I. I I i I I I I M2.0 I
1.0
-0.25
/
(0.5, -0.25)
-0.50

(a) Is y a function of t? Explain.

(b) Approximate the amplitude and period of the oscillations.
x
(c) Find a model for the data.
f k (d) Use a graphing utility to graph the model in part (c).
Compare the result with the data in the figure.

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