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Created by
Dr Praic Treacy
1
Converting Radians to Degrees Radians and Degrees
180
3
?
4
3 3 180
135
4 4
!! "#
Sine, Cosine, Tangent sin
$%! "##&#
'
*'#" +
cos
$%! "##&# '
How it works:
http://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/trig-interactive-unit-
circle.html
2
This explains why This explains why
In the log tables, it is stated that: In the log tables, it is stated that:
Analyse the unit circle to see why that is Analyse the unit circle to see why that is
For example: cos 030 cos 30 For example: sin 060 0 sin 60
Sine Curve
4 5 sin 5
Sine Curve 6 7 8 8 :8 98
9 9
and 4 5 0 1 0 1 0
Cosine Curve
3
Cosine Curve Modelling Real Life Scenarios
4 5 cos 5 Many natural phenomena can be modelled using
6 7 8 8 :8 98 the Sine and Cosine functions e.g. simple harmonic
9 9 motion, the tide level in the sea, sound waves,
4 5 1 0 -1 0 1 population fluctuation.
http://www.mysearch.org.uk/website1/html/221.SHM.html
General Case:
Amplitude
; Angular Velocity
" time
4
Modelling Real Life Scenarios
Modelling Real Life Scenarios
"
$,". 3 sin 1 1 1
6 Period: E
F
I K 12 $ &
J J
% sin ;"
This means the cycle repeats itself every 12 hours
_____________________________________________________________
Amplitude 3 ,0.
$ 0 3 sin
; Angular Velocity = 6
G
" time (hours) 0 H " H 24 $,0. 0
Tide Report for Lahinch (notice anything about the tide graphic?):
http://magicseaweed.com/Lahinch-Beach-Surf-Report/52/
This tells us that the starting point is (0, 0)
So, the tide is 2.6 metres above the mean sea level.
5
Terms Related to Proofs
Axiom: Statement accepted without proof.
Proofs Corollary: A statement that follows with little or no proof required, from one
already proven.
Proof by contradiction: Assume that a statement is not true and then show that
this assumption leads to a contradiction. Called reductio ad absurdum (reduction
to absurdity).
O
P
t
The Circle
Suppose the point of contact is P and the tangent t is not on the
perpendicular to OP.
Let the perpendicular to the tangent from O meet it at Q
Pick R on PQ, on the other side of Q from P, with |QR| = |PQ|
Then OQR is congruent to OQP
|OR| = |OP|, so R is a second point where t meets the circle.
This contradicts the given fact that t is a tangent.
Thus t must be a perpendicular to OP, as required.
6
(i) In suitable co-ordinates, the equation of the circle h is
2014 Paper 2 Q9 5 1 2 % 1 2 45 2 6% 0 19 0
The diagram shows a circular Find the radius of h, and the co-ordinates of its centre, D
clock face, with the hands not
(ii) The point E has co-ordinates ,3, 2.. Find the radius of the
shown. The square part of the
clock face is glass so that the circle k.
mechanism is visible. Two
(iii) Show that the distance from W,02, 2. to the line DE is half
circular cogs, h and k, which
touch externally are shown. the length of [DE].
Centre = 0U, 04 ,02, 03. The distance from V,02, 03. to X,3, 2. will be the
sum of the radius of $ and the radius of T
Radius U1 2 4 1 0 ' 2 1 2 3 1 0 019 4 2
VX ,3 0 ,02..1 2,2 0 ,03..1 5 2 First, we need the equation of the line DE. To find this, we
need the slope of DE and a point on DE
& 4 $ 2 & 4 T 5 2
V,02, 03. X,3, 2.
4 2 2 & 4 T 5 2
%1 0 % 2 0 ,03. 5
R
51 0 5 3 0 ,02. 5
& 4 T 2
R1
7
2014 Paper 2 Q9 2014 Paper 2 Q9
Y
R1 point on DE: ,3, 2. To find the distance from The distance from W,02, 2. to DE is which can also
1
W,02, 2. to 5 0 % 0 1 0 we Y 1
be written as
use 1
Equation of DE: 5 2 +% 2 '
V
% 0 % R,5 0 5 . 1 2 +1 The length of DE is 5 2
% 0 2 1,5 0 3. 1,02. 2 ,01.,2. 0 1 Thus it is clear that the distance from W,02, 2. to the line
V DE is half the length of [DE] as
,1.1 2,01.1
%02503
5 2
5 22
05 5 2
50%010 V
2 2
V,02, 03. X,3, 2. So the same translation for E, the centre of the circle T, to
E, the centre of the new circle j, would be:
5 2 51 % 2 %1
R! " ,
2 2 \
3, 2 ,
1 1
02 2 3 03 2 2 1 1
, ,0 \
2 2 2 2 Now we know the centre of j is , and the radius is 2
1 1
8
2014 Paper 2 Q9
2 V^ 2 1 4 2 2 5 2 2
12.07
_ 13