Linear Circuit Analysis (ELEN-1100)

Lecture # 3: Kirchhoffs law and series

parallel combinations

Engr. Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher

Assistant Professor, EED
KFUEIT, Pakistan

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Slide credits

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Contents
Kirchhoffs laws
Some general observations
Examples
Analysis of circuit containing dependent sources
Simple resistive circuits
Resistors in series and voltage division
Resistors in parallel and current division
Examples
Assignment # 2

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Kirchhoffs laws
Gustav Kirchhoff proposed two laws in a paper
published in 1848.
Kirchhoffs current law (KCL)
Kirchhoffs voltage law (KVL)
KCL
Algebraic sum of the current at any node in a circuit equals
zero.
Node is a point in a circuit where two or more elements join.
KVL
The algebraic sum of all the voltages around any closed path
in a circuit equals zero.
Closed Path : Starting from any node we trace a closed path in a
circuit through basic elements and return to starting node without
passing through an intermediate node more than once.
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Kirchhoffs law
Write equations using KCL.
Current entering a node is assigned negative.
Current leaving a node is assigned positive.
d
+
Vs + i il Rl Vl
- s i1 ic
-
a R1 b Rc c
+ V1 - - Vc +

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Kirchhoffs Law
Write equations using KVL.
d
+
Vs + i il Rl Vl
- s i1 ic
-
a R1 b Rc c
+ V1 - - Vc +

We assign voltage drop as positive and voltage rise a

negative value

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Some general observations
If you know the current in the resistor, you can find
the voltage across the resistor and vice versa.[Ohms
Law]
When only two elements connect to a node, if you
know the current in one element you can find it in
other element.[Kirchhoffs laws]
Most of the time Ohms law and Kirchhoffs laws
are applied simultaneously to solve a circuit.

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Example 2.6

+ve for current leaving

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Example 2.7

+ve for voltage drop

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Example 2.8
Find io using Ohms law and Kirchhoffs law.

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Analysis of circuit containing dependent source
Find vo using Ohms law and Kirchhoffs law.

Once we know io we can compute vo.

Once we know i we can find the current from
dependent source.
The current in 500V source is i.
The two unknowns are io and i
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Analysis of circuit containing dependent source
Apply KCL at node b.
Apply KVL in the loop.
Solve the equations.

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Simple resistive circuits
We will discuss circuits that have
A small number of resistors
Ohms law and Kirchhoffs law can be used to solve the
circuit.
Series and parallel combinations of resistors.

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Resistors in series and voltage division
All resistors carry same current [Hint: KCL].
Resistors in series add with each other.

Req > largest resistance in the network

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Resistors in series and voltage division
The voltage across each resistance is a mere
application of KVL and Ohms law.

Using Ohms law the voltage across resistors can be

computed.

Voltage across resistors is divided into individual

resistors. This principle is called voltage division
and the circuit is called voltage divider.

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Resistors in parallel and current division
When two elements connect at a single node they are
said to be in parallel.
The two elements are in parallel if the voltage across
them is same.
The two elements are in parallel if the current into the
node divides.
Note that Req is smaller than the smallest resistance in a
parallel network

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Resistors in parallel and current division
R1 and R3 are not parallel. Why ?

For two resistors connected in parallel

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Resistors in parallel and current division
The circuit is called current divider.

This can be extended for complex network using

conductance G.

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Example 3.1
Find i1, i2 and is

Answer = is=12A i1=4A and i2= 8A

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Assessment Problem 3.1
Find v, power delivered to the circuit and the power
dissipated in 10 resistor.

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Practice problems
Students are advised to solve following problems to
understand the concepts..
Assessment Problem : 2.3 , 2.4 , 2.5,
Problems : 2.1 - 2.16, 2.21, 2.27-2.30
This is not an assignment/homework

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for EE-110 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and
Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
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