CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Issue Background

Jakarta is a central of Indonesia. Its a big town with a complex problems. Land
subsidence is one of the problems. Land subsidence is an undrained subsoil phenomenon that
caused by some factors.
In Indonesia, Jakarta is one of city that experience Land subsidence in serious condition.
Land subsidence can be more dangerous if its happen in beach coast because in that area,
ground is so susceptible to environment pressure whether its from land or from ocean.
North Jakarta is one of the metropolitan cities that have coastal areas in the north. Land
subsidence in North Jakarta such as in Pademangan, Ancol, Penjaringan, Cengkareng,
Tanjung Priok, Cilincing, and Pulogadung still ongoing. Data from the Department of
Industry and Energy showed, in these areas there has been a decline of more than 100 cm.
Land subsidence is influenced by the condition of the ground water level and the effect of
consolidation. Land subsidence in some areas every year did not occur in the extreme, but if
allowed to continue will result in the emergence of losses, not only material but also
casualties.
Therefore, in this paper will discuss the causes of the subsidence, the impact of land
subsidence, accompanied by addressing land subsidence. The Jakarta administration must
take immediate action to find a solution and the efforts to prevent the occurrence of land
subsidence progress, given its position as the capital city other than the Republic of Indonesia
as well as geostrategic on international economic traffic. There needs to be awareness of each
individual together with the government to jointly solve the problem of land subsidence.

1.2. Use
The benefits of this include the manufacture of paper to add to our knowledge about land
subsidence so that we know the impact and causes of the incident and then we know the steps
and solutions for improvement of nature to be better.

CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

2.1. Definition of Land Subsidence

 Subsidence (land subsidence) is a process of land subsidence movement that is based on a
particular datum (geodetic reference frame) where there are a multitude of variables causes
(Marfai, 2006). Land subsidence is indirectly a coercive activity that has not tamp the soil
structure becomes dense solid. Generally occurs in areas which had been a swamp, delta,
flood sediment, etc. were diverted land use planning function without engineering the ground
first.

2.2. Causes of Land Subsidence (Generally)

According to Whittaker and Reddish (1989), the factors causing land subsidence in
general, among others:

1. Natural subsidence

Natural land subsidence caused by geologic processes. Causes are classified into:
a. geological cycle
Land subsidence associated with the geological cycle. The processes seen in the
geological cycle is weathering (denuation), precipitation (deposition), and the
movement of the earth's crust (crustal movement).
b. Sedimentation basin
The basin is usually found in the area especially near the plate tectonic plate
boundary. Sediment accumulated in the basin are gradually becoming more and
cause increased work load, then the sediment compaction process leads to a
decrease in the surface of the soil.

2. Groundwater extraction

Making massive groundwater which exceed the ability of uptake would result in
reduced amount of groundwater in an aquifer layer. The loss of groundwater is causing a
vacuum in the pores of the soil so that the hydrostatic pressure below the soil surface is
reduced by the loss of the groundwater. Furthermore, there will be compression layer of
the aquifer.

3. Settlement

Land has an important role in the construction work. Soil can become a supporting
foundation of the building or construction materials from the building itself like a levee
or dam. The addition of the building above ground level can cause the layer below it
suffered compression. The compression caused by the deformation of soil particles,
particle relocation, discharge water or air from inside the pore, and causes more strongly
associated with the state of the land in question. This compression process ultimately
causes land subsidence.
2.3. Causes of Land Subsidence at North Jakarta
Road collapse in North Jakarta (at RE Martadinata) create conditions of Jakarta as the
capital city of Indonesia is doubtful . After jams and floods, land subsidence in Jakarta now
makes the replacements central city issue is come up again.
 Now the research of RE Martadinata road continues on to do, the way has also been
secured by the police to put up roadblocks on both sides. Moreover, recently the RE
Martadinata collapsed again as deep as 25 cm.