CHAPTER 2 Computer Aided Design 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Basic Windows Operation 2.3 Using Autocad Level 1 2.4 BasicPrinting And Plotting Objective After complecting this topic students can: + Identify and understand clearly the techniques of basic function of the windows graphical user interface. * Employ the functions of the AutoCAD system to draw the object.2.1 INTRODUCTION CAD DEFINITION (COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN) Designusing the computer or computer aided drawing, This mean a part or overall works draw including engineering drawing and architecture carried out with computer aided. ADVANTAGES OF USING CAD IN ENGINEERING DRAWING AND ARCHITECTURE Accuracy Painting project could be drawn and plotting to high accuracy namely till 13 decimal point of unit used. Smart And Legibility Painting produce is more accurate and smart plotter and legibility. Speed Ability to copy, arrange item and edit work enable painting produced with quicker and save time. Uniformity Uniformity can be maintained at painting to particularly a project which involves many drawings. 2.2 BASIC WINDOWS OPERATION AUTOCADUSER INTERFACE AutoCAD's main window comprises the components asfollows: Application Button The drop down menu at the upper left corner that allows you to create new and open documents, print, save, export to another file type and publish your drawing. Italso allows you to maintain your drawing by going to the drawing utilities.| ER Insert Annotate 1 Parametric View Manage Output f * eQ a Els] Gs Move © Rotate Tim ~ | | | Bl | @ +B coov Ah Miror 1 File = et | Uncaved' Figure 2.1: The application menu button Quick Access Toolbar Provides quick access to make new document, save, open, undo, redo and print | annotate —_L iow Manage f * eQ a Els] Gs Move © Rotate Tim ~ | | | Bl | @ +) cooy Ah Mirror CV File + et | Uncaved' Figure 2.2: The quick access toolbar Parametric oa Provides quick access to navigation tools such as navigation wheels, pan tool, zoom extents, Orbits to rotates view in 3D space Figure 23: The navigation bar Graphic Window /Drawing Area The large center area of the screen where the drawing is created.Figure 2.4: The drawing Area Status Bar A series of read-outs an on /off buttons, for drawing aids, located on the bottom of the screen. BB Tipe conned Figure 25: Status Bar Command Line The screen location that reflects input and command options. Figure 2.6: The command line at the bottom of the screen Crosshair To enter coordinates using the mouse, use the crosshairs. The crosshairs consist of a vertical and horizontal line.Figure 27: The crosshair AUTOCAD COMMAND ACCESS Youcan use AutoCAD by running commands using one of these methods: Choose from the Pull Down Menus (AutoCAD Classic) Pull down menus and toolbars have the great advantage that instead of typing a complete command, you can simply point and click to select an item, without looking away from the screen. The pull down menus are always available and contain most commands that you use regularly. Menu selections and toolbar selections often duplicate each other. Pull down menus work in AutoCAD as they do in any Windows application. To use a menu, move the crosshairs up into the menu bar so that the selection arrow appears. Then move the arrow to the menu heading you want. Select it with the pick button (the left button on your mouse). A menu appears. Run down the list of the items the one you want. Press the pick button again to select the item. waaay oom iil Figure 2.8 Menu itemClick a tool on the Toolbars Pick the icon from the panels under the menu bar. You can preset AutoCAD to display or disable the tooltips, ie small flags of information detailing the commands of the icons. £26k Line Pelyine Ciele Are Draw © Figure 2.9: Tools inside the draw panel Enter A Command From The Command Line Prompt- type in the command that you want to execute, and press the Enter key or button. Many of the most often used command, such as LINE ERASE and CIRCLE have aliases. There one or two letter abbreviations are very handly. A few of the most commonly usedaliases are shown in Figure 2.1(). =< Bo Figure 2.10: The command line Command Alias Chart Letter + Enter | = Command A Are Circle Erase Fillet Line Move: Offset Pan Redraw Stretch Zoom Table 2.1: Command aliaschart IN Jur fe | fo fz |-]n|m faDynamicPrompt Type commands and responses to the dynamic prompt, they may appear in the drawing area next to the cosshairs. Press Enter to complete the commands and responses. ——— Frau :| Figure 2.11: Dynamic prompt FUNCTION KEYS Function key are being used in AutoCAD to expedite works draw. Function Keys Work Draw Fl HELP TOPICS (explain the command thatis being used) F2 TEXT WINDOW (list all the commad has been made) BB Object Snap ON/OFF (Object Snap Setting Dialogue Box) Fa Table Mode ON/OFF 5 isoplane (Top/Left/Right) F6 Coordinate ON/OFF F7 Grid ON/OFF Fa Ortho Mode ON/OFF F9 Snap ON/OFF Fi0 Polar tracking ON/OFF Fil Object snap tracking ON/OFF Fi2 Temporarily disable the Dynamic Input GIRL+9 [Command window ON/OFF CTRL+0__ | User interface elements ON/OFF CTRL+R | Cycles through viewports Table 2.2: Functionkeys and corresponding work draw2.3 SETTING UP DRAWING FORMAT SETTING UNIT STYLE Unit used to help in provide coordinate, distance and angle. Each object drawn will be measured in unit. You should determine unit value in AutoCAD beforedrawing hasstarted. For example, one (1) unit in a drawing may be in conjunction with one (1) measure millimetre for real object. Types of Units, Angles and Precision can be set in Drawing Unit's dialogue boxes. The Command Option: * Pull Down Menu: Application Menu button be > Drawing Utilities> Units * Command Line: Type UNITS > pressENTER 1. Set the Length Typeto Decimal, and the precision to 0.00 from the list. Then, for the Angle Type, set it to Decimal Degrees and the precision to 0 from the list. Then set the Insertion scaleto Millimeters from the list (Figure 2.12) 2. Then press OK button. Now you drawing has been set up to metric units drawing. a. 5 CE eeteote rays Figure 2.12: The drawing units dialog box SETTING DRAWING LIMITS You should determine space of drawing area in AutoCAD before drawing work has started. Limits sets an invisible drawing boundary in the drawing area. The Command Option: * Command Line: Type LIMITS > press ENTERSpecify the lower left corner by typing 0, 0 and then press ENTER. Specify the upper right corner by typing 420, 297 and press ENTER. Now your drawing limit is set to be at A3 size paper. * Press ESC to exit the drawing limits command * Double click the middle wheel of your mouse to zoom your drawing area to the drawing limits you have set up in step 3. SETTING LAYER CONTROL Each entity is attached to a layer. Layers are identified by giving each one aunique name. An entity can only be attached to one layer at a time. Which layer an object is attached to is up to the user and depends on the current layering scheme. Figure2.13:Layers The Command Options: ‘+ Toolbar: Home Tab > Layer Panel > Layer Properties Button * Command line: Type LAYER > Press ENTER * Shortcut: Type LA> press ENTER 1, TheLayer Properties Manager dialog box opens (Figure 2.14) Figure 2.14: Layer Properties Manager Dialog boxNO Click on the New Layer button in the Layer Properties Manager dialog box or type Alt +Nfor the shortcut to create new layer. Layer appearsin the layer list (Figure 2.15) Click at Layer? and type name of new layer. Figure 2.15 You can assign a color to an object by selecting the color through the SelectColor dialog and click OK. You can assign a linetype to an object by selecting the linetype through the Select Linetype dialog box. By default , linetype is set to continuous. If a noncontinuous pattern such as center or hidden is needed, you must first load the linetype definition from the Linetype Manager dialog box and then assign the linetype property to a specific pattern and to an entity or layer. Click OK to exit from dialog Select Linetype dialog box. Repeat step 2 untill step 6 to make another layer. Highlight alayer and-lickSet Currentbutton’s “ to activatethat layer. x Click on the Close button ~ to accept the settings and exit the Layer Properties Manager dialog box. «Set up the drawing limits to be A4 size paper (210mm x 297mm). Create six new layers with the following setting: Color Linetype Lineweight Object Green | Continous o.6mm Foldlines Yellow | Continous 0.6mm Hidden Red Dashed line 0.3mm Centre Red Centre line 0.3mm Construction |_Grey | Continous line 03mm Dimension | Purple | Continous line 03mmacne euxy