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(NOVEMBER 2011)
A. 3/5 C. 2/5
B. 1/5 D. 4/5
2. What is the probability of only event A happening i.e. event A happening and
event B not happening?
A. 4/5 C. 3/5
B. 1/5 D. 2/5
A. 11/15 C. 3/5
B. 14/15 D. 13/15
E.
Situation 2 Answer the following problems:
4. Six congruent circles are arranged in a circle way that each circle is tangent
to at least two other circles. If the radius of each circle is 2 cm, find the
perimeter of the polygon formed by connecting the centers of each circles.
A. 12 cm C. 30 cm
B. 24 cm D. 32 cm
6. A solid rectangular block has a volume of 30 cm3. If all side measure are
integers, which of the following is the least possible surface area?
A. 92 C. 86
B. 82 D. 62
E.
Situation 3 Answer the following problems:
A. 3 x 13 C. 3 x 13
B. 3 x 13 D. 3 x 13
E.
F.
H. Situation 1 A load of W =
30 kN is lifted through a
boom BCD as shown in the
figure. The boom makes an
angle of 60 with the
vertical. Neglect the weight
of the boom and for this
problem, L1 = L2 = 2m. The
pulley at D is frictionless.
I.
A. 40 C. 45
B. 35 D. 30
A. 51.96 C. 34.89
B. 25.36 D. 43.21
A. 54.77 C. 17.32
B. 43.21 D. 51.96
E.
Situation 2 The strut shown in the figure carries an axial load of P =
148 kN.
F.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
Determine the bearing stress between the
pin and the strut:
E.
Situation 3 The column shown in
the figure is loaded with a vertical
load P = 3 kN and a lateral load H =
0.45 kN. The column is 3 m high
and is made of steel with 300 mm
outer diameter, 6 mm thick and
weighs 150 N/m.
F.
A. 1.78 MPa
B. 1.37 MPa
C. 2.54 MPa
D. 0.87 MPa
E.
Situation 4 The frame shown in the figure is acted upon by wind
load pressure of 1.44 kPa. These frames are spaced 6 m apart normal
to paper. Consider the roller support at B and the joint at D as pin.
A. 35.7 kN C. 18.3 kN
B. 26.5 kN D. 12.7 kN
A. 23.9 kN C. 18.5 kN
B. 20.2 kN D. 16.3 kN
A. 26.5 kN C. 12.7 kN
B. 18.3 kN D. 35.7 kN
E.
F. Situation 5 The
sheet pile shown in the
figure is provided with
tension rods spaced 3
meters apart. The
wooden stringers has d
= 300 mm and can be
considered simply
supported at each
connection to the
tension rod. Allowable
bending and shearing
stresses of the stringer
are 14.7 MPa and 1.48
MPa, respectively.
G.
H.
A. 192 mm C. 290 mm
B. 249 mm D. 338 mm
A. 321 mm C. 288 mm
B. 235 mm D. 254 mm
E.
Situation 6 The 6 m long prestressed cantilever beam shown in the
figure carries a concentrated live load of 18 kN at the free end and a
uniform dead load due to its own weight. Unit weight of concrete is 20
kN/m3. The strands are 12 mm in diameter with total prestressing
force of 540 kN applied at an eccentricity e above the neutral axis of
the cross-section.
16. What is the maximum stress (MPa) in the bottom fiber of the beam at
the free end when the eccentricity e = 0?
A. -7.86 C. -2.25
B. -13.45 D. -10.35
17. What is the stress in the top fiber of the beam at the fixed end when
the eccentricity e = 100 mm?
A. +5.4 MPa C. +8.1 MPa
B. +6.3 MPa D. +3.6 MPa
18. What is the required eccentricity e such that the stress in the top fiber
of the beam at the fixed end is zero?
A. 230 mm C. 200 mm
B. 160 mm D. 260 mm
E.
H. The columns E and H are omitted such that the girder BEHK supports
the beams DEF at E and GHI at H. Assume EI = constant for all
beams. Unit weight of concrete is 24 kN/m 3.
A. 47.71 C. 67.21
B. 56.98 D. 41.23
20. Determine the maximum factored shear (in kN) in beam GHI
assuming that G and I are fixed and H is hinge.
A. 143.2 C. 121.1
B. 178.9 D. 98.4
21. Determine the maximum factored positive moment (in kN-m) in beam
GH assuming that G and I are fixed and H is hinge.
A. 213 C. 154
B. 187 D. 112
E.
G. Loads:
Dead load = 720 Pa
Live load = 1000 Pa
Wind load = 1400 Pa
Wind Coefficients:
Windward = + 0.2
Leeward = - 0.6
H. Properties of C200 x 76
Sx = 6.19 x 104 mm3
Sy = 1.38 x 104 mm3
Weight, w = 79 N/m
Allowable bending stress, Fx = Fy = 207 MPa
22. Determine the computed bending stress, fbx, due to the combination
of dead and live loads only.
23. Determine the computed bending stress, fby, due to the combination
of dead and live loads only
E.
Situation 9 The column shown in the figure is subjected to shear
force parallel to the 600 mm side. Allowable concrete shear stress for
shear parallel to the 600 mm side is 0.816 MPa. Concrete strength f c
= 21 MPa and steel strength for both longitudinal and confining
reinforcements is 415 MPa. The ties are all 12 mm in diameter with
clear cover of 40mm.
25. Determine the factored shear force Vu that the column can resist if the
nominal shear strength provided by the ties is 375 kN.
A. 378 C. 467
B. 426 D. 532
26. If the ties are spaced at 225 mm on centers, what is the maximum
value of Vu in kN?
A. 472 C. 335
B. 421 D. 389
27. If the factored shear force parallel to the 600 mm side is 400 kN,
determine the required spacing of transverse reinforcement in accordance
with the provision for seismic design.
A. 126 mm C. 241 mm
B. 164 mm D. 100 mm
E.
Ag f 'c
K. s =
0.45 (
Ac
1
fy ) 10-5
s hc f ' c Ag
M. Ash =
0.3
f yh (
Ac
1 ) 21-3
s hc f ' c
N. Ash =
0.9 21-4
f yh
P. (4) If the design of the member core satisfies the requirement of the
specified loading combinations including earthquake effect, Eq. (21-3) and
(10-5) need not to be satisfied.
Q.
5.21.4.4.2 Transverse reinforcement shall be spaced at distance not
exceeding (a) one-quarter of the minimum member dimension, (b) six
times the diameter of longitudinal reinforcement, and (c) as defined by
Eq. 21-5
350h x
R. sx = 100+ 21-5
3
S. The value of sx shall not exceed 150 mm and need not be taken less
than 100 mm.
T. Where:
U.
Ach = cross-sectional area of a structural member measured out-to-out
of transverse reinforcement, mm2
AA.
Situation 10 The girder AB shown in the figure is subjected to
torsional moment from the loads on the cantilever frame. The following
factored forces are computed from this beam:
Factored moment, Mu = 440 kN-m
Factored shear, Vu = 280 kN
Factored torque, Tu = 180 kN-m
AB. The girder has a width of 400 mm and an overall depth of 500
mm. Concrete cover is 40 mm. The centroid of longitudinal bars of the
girder are placed 65 mm from the extreme concrete fibers. Concrete
strength fc = 20.7 MPa and steel yield strength for longitudinal bars is
fy = 415 MPa. Use 12 mm U-stirrups with fyt = 275 MPa. Allowable
shear stress in concrete is 0.76 MPa.
A. 4,154 C. 3,873
B. 2,732 D. 3,313
A. 137 mm C. 98 mm
B. 167 mm D. 185 mm
A. 3,850 C. 2,850
B. 3,420 D. 4,120
E.
F.
G. Code:
V u 2 T u Ph 2 Vc 2 '
J. (
bw d
) +(
1.7 Aoh
)
( + f c
bw d 3 )
3. Where Tu exceeds the threshold torsion, design of cross-section shall be based
on:
K.
L. Tn Tu
2 Ao At f yt
M. Tu = s cot
N.
O. Where Ao shall be determined by analysis except that is shall be
permitted to take Ao equal to 0.85Aoh; shall not be taken smaller than 30
degrees nor larger than 60 degrees. It shall be permitted to take equal to:
P.
(a) 45 degrees for nonprestressed members or members with less prestress than
in (b); or
Q.
(b) 37.5 degrees for prestressed members with an effective prestress force not
less than 40 percent of the tensile strength of the longitudinal reinforcement.
R.
4. The additional area of longitudinal reinforcement to resist torsion, A l, shall not
be less than:
S.
At f
Al = s ( )
ph yt
fy cot2
W.
5 f ' c Acp A t f
Al min = 12 f y
ph yt
s fy ( )
7. Spacing of torsion reinforcement: The spacing or transverse torsion
reinforcement shall not exceed the smaller of p h /8 or 300 mm.
X. The longitudinal reinforcement required for torsion shall be distributed
around the perimeter of the closed stirrups with a maximum spacing of 300
mm. The longitudinal bars or tendons shall be inside the stirrups. There shall
be at least one longitudinal bar or tendon in each corner of the stirrups.
Longitudinal bars shall have a diameter at least 0.042 times the stirrup
spacing, but not less than a No. 10.
Y. Where:
BT.
BU.
BV.
BW.
BX.
BY.
BZ.
CA.
CB.
CC.
CD.
CE.
CF.
CG.
CH.
CI.
CJ.
CK.
CL. Solutions
CM.
Situation 1
CN.
CO.
CP.
CQ.
CR.
CS.
CT.
CU.
CV.
CW. Since pulley is frictionless, the tensions at slack and tight sides are
equal.
CX. T = W = 30 kN
CY. By inspection, = 30
DB. FH = 0 BH = Tc cos30 + T
BH = 51.962 kN
DC. FV = 0 BV = T - Tc sin30
BV = 17.321 kN
DD. RB = B H
2
+ BV 2 RB = (51.962)2+(17.321)2
RB = 54.772 kN
DE.
DF.
DG.
DH. Situation 2
DI. P = 148 kN
P 148,000
DK. fp = Ap fp = 320
fp = 462.5 MPa
PV 148,000
DM. fV = AV fp = 402.124
fp = 368.05 MPa
PV 128,172
DO. fV = AV fp = 804.248
fp =159.4 MPa
DP. Situation 3
DR. Area, A = 4 (300 288 ) = 5,541.77 mm
2 2 2
DS. Moment of inertia, I = 64 (300 288 ) = 59.901 x 10
4 4 6
mm4
Moment due to P, Mp = P x e = 3 x 0.1 = 0.3 kN-m
Moment at base due to H, MH = H x L = 0.45 x 3 = 1.35 kN-m
Weight of column, W = w x L = 150 x 3 = 450 N
W 450
DU. f1 = A f1 = 5541.77
f1 = - 0.081 MPa
f2 = - 1.293 MPa
f2 = - 3.381 MPa
DZ. Part 1:
Maximum base stress due to P:
fmax = -0.081 1.293 = -1.374 MPa
EA. Part 2:
Maximum base stress due to lateral load:
fmax = -0.081 3.381 = - 3.462 MPa
EB. Part 3:
Shear, V = H = 450 N
Diameter, D = 250 mm, r = 125 mm
4V 4 (450)
Shear stress, fV = 3 r2 fV = 3 (125)2
fV = 0.012 MPa
EC. Situation 4
ED.
EE. Bay, s = 6 m
w=cxpxs
EG. w3 = w4 = 0.4(1.44)(6)
0.5(1.44)(6) w4 = 3.456 kN/m
w3 = 4.32 kN/m
EI. F1 = w1 x 4 =27.648 kN
EK. F4 = w4 x 4 = 13.824 kN
EP.
EQ. Situation 5
ER.
ER.
ES.
1 1
K
ET. F1 = 2 a soil H2 x L F1 = 2 (1/3)(17.3)(5.4)2(3)
F1 = 252.234 kN
y1 = (2.1 + 3.3)/3 = 1.8 m
1 1
K
EU. F2 = 2 a water H2 x L F2 = 2 (9.8)(2.7)2(3)
F2 = 107.136 kN
y2 = (2.7)/3 = 0.9 m
w L2 56.758(3)2
EX. Mmax = 8 Mmax = 8
b = 289.6 m
3V 3 (85,137)
FB. fV = 2 bd FV 2b (300) = 1.48
b = 287.6 m
FC. Situation 6
FD. wD = x bh wD = 20 x (0.4)(0.6)
c
wD = 4.8 kN/m
Ps
FF. Axial stress due to prestressing force, fpa = bh
540,000
fpa = 400(600)
6 Ps e
FH. Stress due to eccentric position of Ps; fpe = b h2
6M
FJ. Stress due to moment, fM = b h2 (+) for top fiber
FK. Part 1: Stress in bottom fiber at the free end of the beam
when e = 0
FM. Part 2: Stress in the top fiber at fixed end when e = 100
mm:
M = 194.4 kN-m
6M
FN. ftop = -2.25 - 0.0225e + bh
2
6 (194.4 x 10 6)
FO. ftop = -2.25 0.0225(100) + 400(600)2
FQ. Part 3: Value of e such that the stress in the top fiber
at fixed end is zero:
6M
FR. ftop = -2.25 0.0225e + b h2
6 (194.4 x 10 6)
FS. 0 = -2.25 0.0225e + 400(600)2
FT. e = 260 mm
FU. Situation 7
wb = 5.76 kN/m
ps = 2.4 kPa
[ ( )]
2
( 13.96 )( 3 ) 3
3 x2
6 7.5
GC.
w u L2
GD. Moment at G, MG = 12 MG =
2
47.71(7.5)
12
MG = - 223.643 kN-m
1 1
GE. Reaction at G, RG = 2 wu L RG = 2 (47.71)(7.5)
RG = 178.91 kN
w u L2 47.71(7.5)2
GH. M= 24 M= 24
GJ. Situation 8
GK. Dead load pressure = 720 Pa
Live load pressure = 1000 Pa
Wind =
1400 Pa
Beam
weight = 79 N/m
Fbx = 207
MPa
Fby = 207
MPa
= arctan
(1/4)
= 14.036
GL.
w N L2 2079.015 (6)2
GU. Mx = 8 Mx = 8
Mx = 9.356 kN-m
Mx 9.356 x 106
GV. fbx = Sx fbx = 6.19 x 10 4
fbx = 151.14.MPa
w T L2 519.754 (6)2
GW. My = 8 My = 8
My = 2.339 kN-m
My 2.339 x 10
6
w N 2 L2 1811.262 (6)
2
HA. Mx = 8 Mx = 8
Mx = 8.151 kN-m
Mx 8.151 x 10 6
HB. fbx = Sx fbx = 6.19 x 10
4
w T 2 L2 389.815 (6)
2
HC. My = 8 My = 8
My = 1.754 kN-m
My 1.754 x 106
HD. fby = Sy fby = 1.38 x 10 4
f bx f by 131.675 127.114
HE.
+ = + = 1.25
Fbx F by 207 207
HF. Situation 9
HI.
HL. Part 1:
Vs = 375 kN
HN. Vu = Vn Vu = 0.85(549.787)
Vu = 467.319 kN
HO. Part 2:
s = 225 mm
HP. Av = 3 x 4 (12)2 = 339.29 mm2
Av f y d
HQ. Vs = s Vs =
339.29(415)(535.5)
225
Vs = 335.12 kN
HR. Vn = Vc + Vs Vs = 174.787 + 335.12
Vs = 509.906 kN
HS. Vu = Vn Vu = 0.85(509.906)
Vu = 433.42 kN
HT. Part 3:
Vu = 400 kN
Av f y d
HV. s= Vs s=
339.29(415)(535.5)
225.213
HW. s = 334.8 mm
s hc f ' c Ag
HZ. Ash =
0.3
f yh ( Ac
1 ) 339.29 =
s( 308)(21) 240,000
0.3
415 (
166,400
1 )
s = 164 mm
s hc f ' c
IA. Ash =
0.9 339.29 =
f yh
s( 308)(21)
0.9
415
s = 242 mm
ID. Situation 10
IG. Part 1:
Mu = 440 kN-m
0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600)
415(600+ 415)
b = 0.0213
max f y
IJ. max = fc
' = 0.3203
IU. Part 2:
Vu = 280 kN
IV.
Av = 2 x 4 (12)2 = 226.2 mm2
Vu 280
IW. Vn = Vn = 0.85
Vn = 329.412 kN
s = 137.2 mm
JC. Part 3:
At f yt
Al = s
ph( )
fy
2
cot
= 45
x = 400 46 x 2 = 308 mm
y = 500 46 x 2 = 408 mm
Aoh = x y = 308(408) = 125,664 mm2
Ao = 0.85Aoh = 106,814
mm 2
ph = 2 (x +y) = 1432
mm
Tu 180
JD. Tn = = 0.85 =
211.77 kN-m
2 Ao At f yt
JE. Tn = cot
s
2 ( 106,814 ) At (275)
211.77 x 106 =
cot 45
s
At
JF. s = 3.605 mm
At f yt
JG.
Al = s
ph ( )
fy
2
cot Al = 3.605(1,432)
(
275
415
)
cot2
45
Al = 3, 420 mm2
JH.
JI.
JJ.
JK.
JL.
1. X and Y are inversely proportional with each other. Given that X = 15,000 when
Y = 162,500. Find X when Y = 328,400.
A. 7,422.35 C. 7,849.56
B. 6,567.45 D. 8,956.32
2. The sum of seven consecutive integers is zero. What is the smallest integer?
A. -4 C. -3
B. -1 D. -2
3. The sum and product of three distinct positive integers are 15 and 45,
respectively. What is the largest integer?
A. 5 C. 15
B. 9 D. 7
4. What is the curved surface area of a spherical segment (with two bases) if the
diameters of the bases, which are 25 cm apart, are 100 cm and 140 cm,
respectively.
5. The area of a park on a map is 500 mm2. If the scale of the map is 1 to 40,000,
determine the true area of the park in hectares (1 hectare = 10 4m2)
A. 40 C. 160
B. 80 D. 12
2
3
A. 1 C.
B. 0 D. -1
8. y + 3y - 4y = 0
E.
F.
G.
H.
1. A vertical load of W is supported by the tripod shown. If the capacity of each leg
is 15 kN, what is the safe value of W?
A. 34.48kN
B. 36 kN
C. 32.12 kN
D. 42 kN
A. 8 mm
B. 7 mm D. 10 mm
C. 9 mm
3. A vertical steel rod is fixed at the top and supports an 8-kN load at the lower
end. The rod is 10mm n diameter and 25 mm long. Unit weight of steel is 77
kN/m3. What is the total elongation of the rod?
A. 12.732 mm C. 12.973 mm
B. 12.853 mm D. 12.612 mm
7. A 12 m long beam is simply supported at the left end and at 3 m from the right
end. The beam will be subjected to a uniformly distributed moving load. What
total length of the beam must be subjected to this load to produce maximum
negativeA. moment
9m at midspan? C. 7.5 m
B. 3 m D. 4.5 m
E.
F. Situation 1 The
hook is subjected to
three forces P, Q
and S as shown. P =
35 kN and Q = 45
kN.
A 22.85
B 21.78 D 23.12
C 24.98
1. If angle = 60, find the magnitude of the force S such that the resultant
force is horizontal to the right.
A 48 kN C 42 kN
B 51 kN D 45 kN
2. Find the magnitude of the force S such that the three forces are in equilibrium.
A. 43.87 kN C. 45.98 kN
B. 40.93 kN D. 38.65 kN
E.
F. Situation 2
The horizontal
distance from
A at one end of
the river to
frame C at the
other end is 20
m. The cable
carries a load
of W = 50 kN. The sag d of the cable is 1 m.
G.
3. Find the distance x1 such that the tension in segment AB of the cable is equal
to that segment BC.
A. 9 m C. 12 m
B. 10 m D. 11 m
A. 206.56 kN C. 165.43 kN
B. 174.9 kN D. 187.92 kN
A. 20.13 m C. 21.12 m
B. 20.76 m D. 19.76 m
E.
A. 834.2 kN
B. 766.7 kN
C. 191.7 kN
D. 194.6 kN
A. 766.7 kN C. 194.6 kN
B. 834.2 kN D. 191.7 kN
8. Considering the weight of the plate, what is the reaction at C? the plate is 45
mm thick and the unit weight of steel is 77 kN/m3.
A. 194.6 kN
B. 191.7 kN
C. 834.2 kN
D. 766.7 kN
E. Situation 4 The
billboard, 3 m high by 4 m
wide, is supported as show
in the figure. The total
weight of the billboard is 30
kN. H = 1.5 m, = 60.
Wind pressure, q =
1.6 kPa
Wind pressure
coefficient, c = 1.0
A. 19.54 kN C. 16.38 kN
B. 21.89 kN D. 12.45 kN
10. What is the axial stress strut BC whose cross sectional dimension is 6 mm x
76 mm?
E. Situation 5
A girder
weighing 18
kN/m is
suspended on
a parabolic
cable by a
series of
vertical
hanger. The length of the beam is 24 m and the sag of the cable is 3
m.
A. 240 kN C. 216 kN
B. 250 kN D. 275 kN
14. If the allowable cable tension is 360 kN, what is the minimum sag?
A. 4.5 m C. 5 m
B. 3.5 m D. 5.5 m
15. Determine the value of the tangential stress in the tank wall.
16. Determine the value of the longitudinal stress in the tank wall.
17. If the allowable tensile stress in the wall is 124 MPa, to what value may the
gas pressure be increased?
A. 0.75 MPa
B. 0.88 MPa
C. 0.65 MPa
D. 0.52 MPa
A. 0.88 MPa
B. 0.52 MPa D. 0.65 MPa
C. 0.75 MPa
E. Situation 8
The barge
shown in the
figure supports
the load w1 and
w2. For this
problem, w1 =
145 kN/m, w2
= 290 kN/m, L1
= 3 m, L2 = 6
m, L3 = 3 m.
21. What is the length of barge L so that the upward pressure is uniform?
A. 15 m C. 20 m
B. 12 m D. 18 m
A. -162 kN C. -194 kN
B. -151 kN D. -174 kN
23. At what distance from the left end will the shear in the barge be zero?
A. 4 m C. 5 m
B. 5.5 m D. 4.5 m
A. 24 kN/m C. 48 kN/m
B. 32 kN/m D. 42 kN/m
A. 24 kN C. 32 kN
B. 42 kN D. 48 kN
A. 42 kN-m C. 32 kN-m
B. 24 kN-m D. 48 kN-m
E.
A. 0.3 C. 0.25
B. 0.45 D. 0.5
28. What is the ordinate of the influence diagram at the free end?
A. 0.3 C. 0.25
B. 0.45 D. 0.5
29. The beam will be subjected to a uniformly distributed moving load. What
total length of this beam must be subjected to this load to produce maximum
shear at the midspan?
A. 4 m D. 5 m
B. 6 m
C. 3 m
E. Situation 11
The trussed
beam shown is
5.4 m long. A
man of weight
W is standing
at the middle of the beam. Neglect the weight of the beam.
30. The capacity of the rod is 2kN, what is the safe maximum weight of the man
in kg?
A. 132 kg C. 156 kg
B. 129 kg D. 187 kg
31. If the man weighs 85 kg, what is the tensile stress in the rod if its diameter
is 10mm?
A. 12.89 MPa C. 17.87 MPa
B. 14.35 MPa D. 16.78 MPa
A. 6.12 m C. 5.34 m
B. 5.69 m D. 7.32 m
F.
A. 180 mm C. 160 mm
B. 150 mm D. 140 mm
E.
A. 34.9 C. 13.2
B. 26.8 D. 19.5
35. What is the axial stress in member AC in MPa?
A. 1.26 C. 0.67
B. 1.89 D. 2.78
F.
A. 450 kN C. 500 kN
B. 420 kN D. 480 kN
A. 439 kN C. 453 kN
B. 421 kN D. 486 kN
A. 423 kN
B. 469 kN
C. 495 kN
D. 521 kN
E. Situation 14
A 6-m long
fixed-ended
beam carries a
uniformly
distributed
load of 20
kN/m. Use E =
200 GPa and Ix = 67.5 x 106 mm4.
F.
A. 60 kN C. 65 kN
B. 55 kN D. 50 kN
A. 4 mm C. 5 mm
B. 7 mm D. 6 mm
F.
F.
H.
bf = 250 tw = 9.5 mm
mm Ix = 266 x 106
tf = 16.4 Iy = 44.54 x 106
mm A = 11,550 mm2
d = 350 mm
45. Determine the effective slenderness ration of the column with respect to
lateral buckling about the x-axis.
A. 42.76 C. 37.66
B. 34.89 D. 35.98
46. Determine the effective slenderness ration of the column with respect to the
lateral buckling about the y-axis.
A. 34.89 C. 37.66
B. 35.98 D. 42.76
A. 2435 C. 3219
B. 2895 D. 2663
E. Figure NSCP-01
KL 3
5
+
KL
3(
r
)
( )
r
3 8 Cc 8 C3c
12 2 E
KL 2
I. Fa = 23( )r
M.
bf = 90 mm tw = 12 mm x = 21 mm
tf = 10 mm Ix = 38.1 x 106 mm4
A = 4560 mm2
d = 250 mm Iy = 2.91 x 106 mm4
N.
48. What is the compressive stress in the column due to an axial load of 900
kN?
50. What is the critical (maximum) effective slenderness ratio of the column?
A. 48.2 C. 54.4
B. 76.1 D. 65.2
F.
15
H. Impact factor = L+37 30%, where L = length in m.
I. Properties of W 850x185:
J. A = 23,750 mm2 tw = 15 mm
d = 850 mm Ix = 2662 x 106 mm4
bf = 290 mm Iy = 81.52 x 106 mm
tf = 20 mm
51. Calculate the maximum bending stress in the beam due to dead load.
A. 123 MPa C. 92 MPa
B. 107 MPa D. 98 MPa
52. Calculate the maximum bending stress in the beam due to live load plus
impact.
A. 79 MPa C. 68 MPa
B. 62 MPa D. 56 MPa
53. Calculate the maximum average web shear stress in the beam due to live
load plus impact.
G. d = 450 mm H. tf = 18 mm
bf = 190 mm mm
tw = 10
I. k = 38 m
A. 220 mm C. 180 mm
B. 240 mm D. 200 mm
55. Using the width in Part 1, wat is the required plate thickness? Assume that
the critical section in bending for bearing plate is distance k from the axis of
the beam.
A. 28.4 mm C. 24.5 mm
B. 32.1 mm D. 21.2 mm
56. Determine the web yielding stress at the web toe of fillet.
A. 13 kN/m C. 11 kN/m
B. 14 kN/m D. 12 kN/m
59. Determine the factored concentrated load at E due to loads on beam DEF.
A. 287.9 kN C. 254.5 kN
B. 145.8 kN D. 321.2 kN
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M. Situation
21 The
floor
framing plan
of a
reinforced
concrete
structure is shown in the figure. Then the columns E and H are
deleted, girder BEHK carries the reaction of BEF at E and GHK at H.
this girder maybe considered fixed at B and K. the uniform load on this
girder is 5 kN/m and the concentrated load at E and H are each 270
kN.
60. Calculate the maximum shear at B due to uniform and concentrated loads.
A. 321 kN C. 265 kN
B. 289 kN D. 253 kN
A. 300 kN C. 290 kN
B. 280 kN D. 270 kN
62. Calculate the maximum positive moment in the girder due to uniform load
only.
A. 11.72 kN-m
B. 13.21 kN-m
C. 9.65 kN-m
D. 10.12 kN-m
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
L. Situation 22 The rectangular footing shown is subjected to axial
load of P = 1200 kN and a moment of M = 360 kN-m. it is required to
determine the safe gross bearing capacity of the soil to support the
given loads. The unit weights of concrete and soil are 23.5 kN/m 3 and
18 kN/m3, respectively.
M.
A. 64 kPa C. 82 kPa
B. 69 kPa D. 54 kPa
65. What is the minimum required gross allowable soil bearing capacity to carry
the given loads?
E. Situation 23 The T-
beam shown resulted
from monolithic
construction of the
beam and slab. The
effective flange width
is 1100 mm and the
uniform slab thickness
is 120 mm. width of
beam is 340 mm, total
depth of the T-section
is 590 mm. The
centroid of steel is 70
mm from extreme
concrete fiber. Concrete strength f c = 21 MPa and streel strength fy =
415 MPa. Use strength design method.
F.
66. Calculate the nominal strength of the beam for positive moment neglecting
the contribution of the top reinforcement.
67. Calculate the nominal strength of the beam for negative moment.
68. Calculate the required nominal shear strength of the beam if it is subjected
to a factored shear of 220 kN.
A. 289.4 kN C. 258.8 kN
B. 269.5 kN D. 231.9 kN
70. If the design ultimate moment capacity of the beam is 280kN-m, determine
the required number of 20 mm tension bars.
A. 8 C. 9
B. 6 D. 7
71. If the beam will carry an additional factored load of 240 kN at midspan,
determine the required number of 20 mm tension bars.
A. 14 C. 10
B. 9 D. 12
E. Situation 25 The
section of a column
is shown in the
figure. For this
problem, b1 = 300
mm, b2 = 180 mm,
d1 = 250 mm, d2 =
350 mm. fc = 28
MPa, fy = 414 MPa.
A. 281 mm C. 274 mm
B. 262 mm D. 253 mm
73. Determine the location of the plastic neutral axis of the column measured
from the y-axis. Neglect the area of concrete occupied by the steel.
A. 272 mm C. 282 mm
B. 302 mm D. 292 mm
74. Determine the factored moment Mu due to factored load Pu = 3200 applied
400 mm from the y-axis. Assume that the column is reinforced such that
plastic neutral axis is 290 mm from the y-axis.
75. Determine the factored shear force Vu that the column can resist if the
nominal shear strength provided by the ties is 375 kN.
A. 421 C. 486
B. 514 D. 452
76. If the ties are spaced at 230 mm o centers, what is the maximum value of
Vu, in kN?
A. 446 C. 389
B. 521 D. 416
77. If the factored shear force parallel to the 600 mm side is 400 kN, determine
the required spacing of transverse reinforcement in accordance with the
provisions for seismic design.
A. 154.8 mm C. 125.8 mm
B. 112.5 mm D. 208.1 mm
79. What is the maximum compressive stress in the beam when e = 120 mm?
80. Determine the value of eccentricity e such that the resulting stress at the
top fiber of the beam is zero.
A. 100 mm C. 200 mm
B. 120 mm D. 150 mm
F.
G. The properties of the double tee section are:
Area = 220,000 mm2
I = 1890 x 106 mm4
y1 = 90 mm
y2 = 270 mm
y3 = 75 mm
Simple span, L = 8 m
81. Determine the initial stress at the bottom fibers due to prestressing force
along?
82. Determine the stress at the bottom fibers due to service load and
prestressing force. Assume that there is a loss of prestress of 20% at service
loads.
83. Calculate the additional load can the floor carry so that the stress at the
bottom fibers at the midspan is zero.
84. Calculate the factored shear on footing at critical section for wide-beam
action.
A. 435 kN C. 504 kN
B. 612 kN D. 587 kN
85. Calculate the factored shear on footing at critical section for two-way action.
A. 1432 kN C. 1648 kN
B. 1873 kN D. 1256 kN
A. 15 C. 13
B. 17 D. 11
E.
F.
G.
H.
I. Situation 30
Answer the
following questions:
A. Impact C. Static
B. Kinetic D. Dynamic
88. Which of the following forces determines whether a body will be at rest or in
motion?
A. Resultant C. Work
B. Equilibrant D. Momentum
A. Potential C. Work
B. Kinetic D. momentum
E.
92. Within elastic range, the slope of the straight line portion of the stress-strain
curve.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
O. ANSWER KEY:
DK. DU.
DB. DD. DI. 91 DN. DP. DS. 10
CZ. 83 85 DG. 94 98 0
81 87 DQ.
DL. 96 A
DE. 92 DT.
DJ.
DV.
DW.
DX.
DY.
DZ.
EA.
EB.
EC.
ED.
EE.
EF.
EG.
EH.
EI.
EJ. Solutions
EK. 1
EL. LAD =
1.8 + 2.42 +0.92
2
LAD =3.1321 m
LAB = LAD =
3.1321 m
EM. FACy =
2.4
3 FAC = 0.8 FAC
2.4
EN. FABy = 3.1321 FAB = 0.7662 FAB
EP. MBD = 0
FACy(2.7) = W(0.9) 0.8FAC(2.7) = (0.9)
FAC = 0.4167 W
ER. MCE = 0
2(FABy)(2.7) = W(1.8) 5.4(0.7662FAB)= W(1.8)
FAB = 0.43501 W = FAD
ET. 2
EU.
EY. F t = T x Ac 105 = 3,974 x 4 (dc) 2
dc = 6.9 say 7 mm
EZ. 3
FA. D kN E = 200
= 10 mm GPa (for
s
L= steel)
25 m = 77
P=8 kN/m3
FB.
Area, A = 4 (10) = 78.54 mm
2 2
FC. Weight of rod, W= Vs =
s
77,000[78.54/10002](25)
W = 154.189 N
PL
FE. = =
1 AE 1
8,000(25,000)
78.54 (200,000)
= 12.732 mm
1
1
WL
FG. = 2 =
2 2
AE
1
(151,189)(25,000)
2
78.54 (200,000)
= 0.1203 mm
2
FI. 4
16 TD 16 (4 x 106 )(85)
FL. = ( D 4d 4) = (854 754 )
= 84.22 MPa
FM. 5
w = 8.444 kN/m
FQ. 6
FR. MA = 30(2)+
10(2.8)(1.4)
MA = 99.2 kN-
m
FS.
FT.
FU.
FV. 7
FW.
FX.
FZ. Maximum negative moment at B will occur when the uniform load is
within CD only. Total length = 3 m
GA. Situation 1
GB. Given:
P = -35i
Q = (45 cos 60)i
(45 sin 60)j
Q = 22.5i 38.97j
GC. Part 1:
GD. Resultant, R =
80i
GE. R=P+Q+S
80i = -35i + (22.5i-38.9j) + S
S = 92.5i + 38.97j
Sx = 92.5 kN , Sy = 38.97 kN
Sy 38.91
GF. = arctan = arctan
Sx 92.5
= 22.85
Part 2:
GG. Resultant is
horizontal
to the right with =
60
GH. R=P+Q+S=
Rxi + 0j
Rxi = -35i + (22.5i 38.97j)
+ S(cos 60 i + sin 60 j)
Rxi + 0j = (-12.5 0.5S)I +
(-38.97+0.866S)j
GJ. Part 3:
GK. P+Q+S=
0
-35i + (22.5i
38.97j) + S = 0
S = 12.5i + 38.97j
Sx = 12.5
kN
Sy = 38.97
kN
GL. S=
12.52+38.97 2
S = 40.927 kN
GM.
GN. Situation 2
GO. Part 1:
The tensions in the cables are equal when their angles of
inclination
are equal. Since A and C are on the same elevation, therefore x 1
= x2 = 10.
GQ.
T1 T2
GT. sin = sin =
W
sin
GU. T1 =
50
sin 86.19
sin15.12 = 191.21
kN Part 2
GV. T2 =
50
sin 78.69
sin15.12 = 187.92
kN
GX. Situation 3
GZ. MA = 0
2RB (1.35) = 1150 (0.45)
RB = 191.667 kN = RC
HA. FV = 0
RA = 1150 2 (191.667)
RA = 766.67 kN
HB. Part 3
Considering the weight of the plate:
HC. W= Vs
s
W = 77 x 4 (1.8)2(0.45)
W = 8.817 kN
HD. MA = 0
2RB (1.35) = 1150 (0.45) + 8.817(0.9)
RB = 194.61 kN = RC
HE. Situation 4
HF.
HI. At joint A:
FH = 0 FAB cos 30 = 16.38
FAB = 18.915 kN
3
18.915 x 10
HJ. Stress in member AB, fAB = 2
( 16 )
4
HL. At joint B:
FH = 0 FBC cos 30 = 19.2 + 18.915 cos 30
FBC = 41.085 kN
41.085 x 103
HM. Stress in member BC, fBC = 6(76)
HP. W1 = 18(12)
W1 = 216 kN
HQ. =
arctan(3/6)
= 26.565
HS. T = W1 csc
T = 216 csc
26.565
T = 483 kN
HV. Part 3:
When T = 360 kN
W 216
HW. = arcsin T = arcsin 360 = 36.87
HY.
HZ.
IA. Situation 6
ID. Part 1:
pD 2.2(584)
IE. = =
t 2t t 2(8)
= 80.3 MPa
t
IF. Part 2:
pD 2.2(584)
IG. = =
l 4t l 4 (8)
= 40.15 MPa
l
IH. Part 3: Note: in thin walled cylindrical tanks, tangential stress twice as
critical as longitudinal stress.
pD p( 584)
IJ. = 124 =
t 2t 2(8)
p = 3.397 MPa
IK. Situation 7
IL. A= 4 (280)2 = 61,575.2 mm2
I= 64 (280)2 = 301.719 x 106 mm4
Pt M C
IO. f= - A I ; c = D/2 = 140 mm
6
3000 1.65 x 10 (140)
f=-
61,575.2 301.718 x 106
f = - 0.1147 0.7656
IR. Part 3:
IS. Shear, V = H = 450 N
Diameter, D =280 mm, r = 140mm
4V 4(450)
Shear stress, fv = 3 r fv = 3 ( 140 )2
fv = 0.0097 MPa
IT. Situation 8
IU.
IW. Location of W:
Wx = 145(3)(1.5) + 290(3)(10.5)
x = 7.5 m
IX. For the uniform pressure at the bottom of the barge, x = L/2.
L = 2(7.5)
L = 15 m Part 1
W 1305
IY. Upward pressure, q = L = 15 = 87 kN/m
JC.
JD.
JE.
JF. Part 1:
q = 48 kN/m
JK.
JL. Situation 10
JM.
JO. From the influence diagram, the uniform load must be within AB and
CD to produce maximum area. The total length is 4 + 2 = 6 m
JP. Situation 11
JS.
JT. FV = 0
2T sin = W
W 1265
JV. Mass, M = g M= 9.81
JW. M = 128.99 kg
JX. Part 2:
JY. M = 85 kg
By ratio and proportion from the previous question:
T 2kN
JZ. 85 kg = 128.99 kg
T = 1.318 kN
1,318
T
KA. Stress, ft = Ar ft = ( 10 )2
4
ft = 16.78 MPa
KB. Part 3:
KC. Situation 12
KD.
KE.
KF.
KG.
KH.
KI.
KJ.
KK.
KL. p
= 11 MPa
q = 5 MPa
fV = 1 MPa
KM. =
arctan(0.75/1.2)
= 32
F
KO. Axial stress on member AC = 100 (150) = 1.258
MPa
pxq
KS. Fab = p sin +q cos 2
2 = 8.227 MPa
KV. Situation 13
KW. Part 1: Tension on gross area:
Ag = 252(12) = 3024 mm2
Allowable tensile stress, Ft = 0.6Fy = 0.6(248) = 148.8
MPa
KX. P = Ft x A P = 148.8(3024)
P = 450 kN
KY.
Part 2: Tension on net area.
Allowable tensile stress, Ft = 0.5Fu = 200 MPa
Net area, An = (252 3 x 23)(12) = 2196 mm2
KZ. P = Ft x An P = 200(2196)
P =439.2 kN
LB. Path 1:
Tension:
At =
(63x2- 2x23)(12)
At = 960
mm 2
LC. AV =
2[63x2 +38
2.5x23](12)
AV =2556
mm 2
LF. Path 2:
Tension:
At = (63x3 - 2.5x23)(12)
At = 1578 mm2
LG. AV = [63x2 + 38
2.5x23](12)
AV = 1278 mm2
LH. Ft =
0.5Fu = 200 MPa
FV = 0.3Fu
= 120 MPa
LI. P = Ft x At + FV x
AV P = 200(1578) +
120(1278)
P = 468.96 kN
LJ. Situation 14
MA = -60 kN-m
wL
LN. Vmax = RA Vmax = 2
20 (6)
Vmax = 2 = 60 kN
w L4 20(6)(1000)4
LP. mid = 384 EI mid = 200,000 (67.5 x 106 )
LQ. = 5 mm
mid
LR. Situation 15
LU. Mmax = -
20.834 (10)2
12
wL
LX. Vmax = 2
6 450
173.613 x 10 ( )
2
max =
274.7 x 106
fb max =
142.2 MPa
MC.
Q = Ay
Q = 150(15)(210+7.5) + 210(10)(105)
Q = 709.875 x 103 mm3
MD. t = 10 m
104.168 x 10 3 (709.875 x 103)
ME. fv max = 274.7 x 106 (10)
MF. Situation 16
MG. Cc = 22E
Fy =
2 2 (200,000)
248
Cc = 126.17
rx = Ix
A = 132.784 mm
ry = Iy
A = 97.28 mm
K X LX 0.5(10,000)
MK. LRx = rx = 132.784 = 37.66 Part 1
K y Ly 0.7(5,000)
LRy = ry = 97.28 = 35.98 Part 2
KL
ML. Maximum r = 37.66 < Cc short column
KL
37.66
r
MM. = = 126.17
Cc
= 0.2984
5 3 3
MN. FS = + FS = 1.775
3 8 8
Fy
2
MO. Fa = ( 1 )
2 FS Fa = 133.476 MPa
MP. P = Fa x A P = 133.476(19,950)
P = 2662.8 kN Part 3
MQ. Situation 17
MR. A = 2A1
A = 2(4560)
A = 9,120 mm2
MS. Ix = 2Ix1
Ix = 2(38.1 x
106)
Ix = 76.2 x 106
MT.
Iy = 2(Iy1 + A x12)
Iy = 2 [2.91x106
+ 4560(69)2]
Iy = 49.24 x 106
mm 4
MU. rx = Ix
A rx = 76.2 x 106
9,120 = 91.41 mm
MV. ry = Iy
A ry = 49.24 x 106
9,120 = 73.48 mm
MW. Part 1:
Axial load = 900 kN
Axial compressive stress:
P 900,000
MX. fa = A fa = 9,120
fa = 98.68 MPa
MY. Part 2:
Moment about x-asis, Mx = 70 kN-m
250
M xc 70 x 10 6 ( )
2
NA. fb = Ix fb =
76.2 x 10 6
fb = 114.83 MPa
NC. ( KLr ) x
=
1( 4000)
91.407 = 43.76
( KLr ) y
=
1( 4000)
74.48 = 54.44 Critical
ND. Situation 18
NE.
NF.
NG.
Moment of inertia
of the beam with cover
plate:
NH.
Ix = 2662 x
10 + 2 x
6
3
260 ( 16 )
+260 ( 16 ) ( 433 )2
12
Ix = 4,222 x 106
w d L2 12 ( 25 )
2
NJ. MD = 8 MD = 8
MD = 937.5 kN-m
6
Mc 937.5 x 10 (441)
NK. fb = Ix fb = 4,222 x 106
( PLPd )2
NM. Mmax = 4 PL
15 15
NP. Impact factor = L+37 = 25+ 37 = 0.2419 < 0.3
(ok)
Mc
NR. fb max = Ix fb max =
651.33 x 10 6 (441)
4,222 x 106
NS.
V
NY. fv ave = dtw fv ave =
3
107.93 x 10
850 (15)
NZ. Situation 19
OA. Part 1:
Load, P = 250 kN
Allowable bearing stress of concrete, Fp = 0.35fc = 9.625
MPa
OD.
P
fp = 130 (200) =
9.615 MPa
OE. x=
100 k = 62 MPa
OF. t=
3 f p x2
Fb
2
3 ( 9.61 ) ( 62 )
t= 0.75(248)
t = 24.4 mm
Part 3: Web yielding stress at toe of fillet (end reaction):
P 250,000
OG. fa = ( N +2.5 k ) t w fa = [ 130+2.5 ( 38 ) ] 10
OI. Situation 20
OJ.
OJ.
OJ.
OJ.
OK.
OL.
Loads:
Dead load:
wd = beam weight + slab weight + dead load pressure
wd = Ab + Ac + pd x S
c c
OP.
OQ.
OR.
OS.
OT. Situation 21
OU.
OV.
OW.
OX. Part 1: Shear at B due to concentrated and uniform loads:
OY.
OZ. VB = RB1 + RB2 VB = (5)(7.5) + (270 + 270)
PA. VB = 288.75 kN
PB.
PC.
PD. Part 2: Maximum shear at E due to concentrated load
PE.
PF. In Figure (2):
PG. VE1 = 270 kN
PH. VE2 = 270 270 = 0
PI. VEmax = 270 kN
PJ.
PK. Situation 22
6(360)
2.5 (3)2
PV. q= -256 kPa and -64 kPa
PW.
PX. Maximum ne foundation pressure = 256 kPa
Part 1
PY. Minimum net foundation pressure = 64 kPa
Part 2
PZ.
QA. Part 3: Gross allowable soil pressure, qa:
QB. qe = qa - chc - shs
QC.
QD. qe = effective (net) soil bearing capacity = 256 kPa
QE. 256 = qa 23.5(0.7) 18(1.5)
QF. qa = 299.45 kPa
QG.
QH. Situation 23
QI. Top bar, As1 = 3 x 4 (25) = 1473 mm
2 2
QJ. Bottom bar, As2 = 5 x 4 (25) = 2454 mm
2 2
600d
QM. Balance, cbalance = 600 + f y = 307 mm
QQ.
QR. Assuming fs = fy:
QS.
QT. Asfy = 0.85 fc Ac 2454(415) = 0.86(21)Ac
QU. Ac = 57,062 mm2
< Af
QV.
QW. Ac = bf x a 57,602 = 1100 x a
QX. a= 51.9 mm
QY.
QZ. c = a / f c = 61 mm <
cbalance (fs = fy)
RA.
RB. Mn = T(d - a/2) Mn = Asfy(d - a/2)
RC. Mn = 2454(415)
(520 51.9/2)
RD. Mn = 503.2 kNm
RE.
RF. Part 2: Negative moment
RG.
RH.
RI.
RJ.
RK.
RL.
RM.
RN.
RO. Assuming fs = fy and fs < fy:
RP.
RQ. T = Cc + Cs
RR.
RS.
RT.
RU. Asfy = 0.85 fc a b + As fs
RV.
c -d '
RW. fs = 600 c a = 1c
RX.
RY. 1473(415) = 0.85(21)(0.85c)(340) + 2454 x 600
c - 70
c
RZ. c = 80.68 mm < cbalance (fs = fy)
SA.
80.68 - 70
SB. fs = 600 80.68 = 79.425 MPa < fy (OK)
SC.
SD. a= 1c = 68.6mm
SE.
SF. Mn = Cc(d a/2) + Cs(d d)
SG. Mn = 0.85 fc a b (d a/2) + As fs (d d)
SH. Mn = 0.85(21)(68.6)(340)(520 68.6/2)
SI. + 2454(79.425)(520 70)
SJ. Mn = 289..88 kNm
SK.
SL. Part 3:
SM. Factored shear, Vu = 220 kN
SN.
Vu 220
SO. Nominal shear strength, Vn = = 0.85 =
258.82 kN
SP.
SQ. Situation 24
TN. b = 0.02881
TO.
TP. max = 0.75 b b = 0.02161
TQ.
max f y
TR. max = f' c max = 0.03203
UA. =
0.85 f'c
fy [ 2R
1- 1- u
0.85 f'c ]
UB. =
0.85 (28)
415 [
1- 1-
2(6.169)
0.85(28) ] = 0.01755 > min
UC.
UD. As = b d As = 0.01755(300)(410)
UE. As = 2159 mm2
UF.
UG. As = 4 db2 N 2159 = 4 (20)2 N
(doubly)
UQ. Mu1 = Mu max = 330.14 kNm
UR. As1 = As max = 2,658 mm2
US.
UT. Mu2 = Mu Mu1 = 137.79 kNm
UU.
UV. Mu2 = T2(d d) 137.79 x 106 = 0.90 As2(415)
(410-70)
UW. As2 = 1,085 mm2
UX.
UY. As = As1 + As2 As = 2,658 + 1,085
UZ.
As = 3,743 mm2
VA.
VB.
VC. As = 4 db N
2
3,743 = 4 (20)2 N
VE.
VF. Situation 25
VG. Part 1:
VH. Geometric centroid:
VI. A1 = 300(25) = 75,000
mm 2
VJ. x1 = 125 mm
VK.
VL. A2 = 180(350) = 63, 000
mm 2
75,000(125) + 63,000(425)
138,000
VU.
VV. x = 262 mm
VW.
VX. Part 2: Plastic Centroid
VY. The plastic centroid of a column cross section is the point through
which the resultant column load must pass to produce uniform strain in
failure. It represents he location of h resultant force produced by the steel
and concrete.
VZ.
WA.
WB. Cc1 = 0.85 fc A1 Cc1 = 0.85(28)(75,000)
WC. xc1 = 125 mm Cc1 = 1785 kN
WD.
WE. Cc2 = 0.85 fc A2 Cc1 = 0.85(28)(63,000)
WF. xc2 = 425 mm Cc1 = 1499.4 kN
WG.
WH. Cs1 = As1 fy Cs1 = 6 x 4 (20)2(414)
WR. x =
XI.
XJ.
XK. Effective depth, d = 600 40 12 0.5(25)
XL. Effective depth, d = 535.5 mm
XM.
XN. Shear strength provided by concrete, Vc = Fvc bw d
XO. Shear strength provided by concrete, Vc = 0.816(450)(535.5)
XP. Shear strength provided by concrete, Vc = 196.64 kN
XQ.
XR. Part 1:
XS. Vs = 375 kN
XT.
XU. Vn = Vc + Vs Vn = 196.64 + 375
XV. Vn = 571.64 kN
XW.
XX. Vu = Vn Vu = 0.85(571.64)
XY. Vu = 485.89 kN
XZ. Part 2:
YA. s = 230 mm
YB. Av = 3 x 4 (12) = 339.29 mm
2 2
Av fy d 339.29(415)(535.5)
YC. Vs = s Vs = 230
YD. Vs = 327.83 kN
YE. Vn = Vc + Vs Vn = 196.64 + 327.83
YF. Vn = 524.47 kN
YG.
YH. Vu = Vn Vu = 0.85(524.47)
YI. Vu = 445.8 kN
YJ.
YK. Part 3:
YL. Vu = 450 kN
YM.
Vu 450
YN. Vs = Vc Vs = 0.85 196.64
YO. Vs = 332.78 kN
YP.
Av fy d 339.29(415)(535.5)
YQ. s= Vs s= 332.78
YR. s = 226.6 mm
YS.
YT. Requirements for Seismic Design:
YU.
YV. Ach = (600 -2 x 40)(450 2 x 40) = 192,400 mm 2
YW. Ag = 600 x 450 = 270,000 mm2
YX. Ash = 3 x 4 (12) = 339.29 mm
2 2
s(358)(21) 270,000
415 (192,400
-1 )
ZB. s = 155 mm
sh c f' c
ZC. Ash = 0.09 f yh 339.29 = 0.09
s(358)(21)
415
ZD. s = 208 mm
a) b/4 = 112.5 mm
b) 6(25) = 150 mm
350 - h x
c) 100 + 3
ZJ.
ZK. Situation 27
ZL.
ZM. The compressive stress at the top and bottom of the beam due to P is
given by the formula:
Pe 6Pe e
ZN. fc = - bh bh
2 (+) for top fiber, (-) for
bottom fiber
AAI. Situation 28
Loads:
kN-m
P Pec
AAO. fbot = - A I fbot = -
AAT. Part 3: Additional service loads to zero the stress at the bottom at
midspan
AAU. The additional load must induce a stress of 8.689 MPa at the
bottom fibers.
Mac M ( 270)
AAV. fbot = I 8.689 = 1890 x 10 6
M = 60.822 kN-m
w a L2 wa (8)2
M= 8 60.822 = 8
w = 7.603 kN/m
w 7.603
AAW. pa = b pa = 2.5
pa = 3.04 kPa
AAX. Situation 29
Dead load, PD = 740 kN
Live load, PL = 460 kN
Pu 1,818
AAZ. Factored base pressure, qU = A ftg = 2.4 (2.4) = 315.625 kPa
ABC.
ABD. d = 0.36 m
ABI. Part 3:
ABK. Mu = qu x 2.4(x)
(x/2)
Mu = 315.625 (2.4)
(1.025)2/2
Mu = 397.924 kN-m
ABL. Mu = Ru b d2
ABM. Ru =
397.924 x 10 6
0.90 ( 2400 )( 360 )2
ABO. = fy [
0.85 f 'c
1 1
2 Ru
]
0.85 f 'c
=
0.85(20.7)
275 [
1 1
2(1.421)
0.85 (20.7) ]
= 0.0054 > (min = 1.4/fy = 0.00509)
ABP.
As = b d As = 0.0054(2400)(360)
As = 4663 mm2
A 4663
As
ABQ. N = N= ( 20 )2
4
N= 14.8 sa 15 bars
ABR.
30 31:
ABT. Answers: ABZ. Answers:
ABU. Part 1: Static Part 1: Hookes
ABV. Part 2: Resultant Law
ABW. Part 3: Kinetic ACA. Part 2: Poisson Ratio
ACB. Part 3: Youngs
ABX.
Modulus
ACC.
ACD.
ACE.
ACF.
ACG.
ACH.
ACI.