US Af-Pak Strategy; Complete failure of Pakistan Foreign Policy

Submitted By Kiran Khurshid

Reg # 1443-315056

INTRODUCTION
Comprehensive new strategy unveiled - "AfPak" strategy. National Security Adviser
General James Jones wrote, the United States "- as both a challenge in a region
countries will treat Afghanistan and Pakistan, but as".the threat of Al Qaeda and it
comes from extremist allies "because the main focus of eradication in Pakistan. he said
the US will increase, while at least 5 years to 1.5 billion $ for Pakistan said extended for
the next five years, but "no blank check" will be there. instead, benchmarks for progress
and estimated time will be there. in addition to Afghanistan to 17,000 troops, more than
4, 000 will be sent to train the Afghan National Security forces to enable it to take
responsibility for their fastest Afghanistan. Obama more resources to contribute to
Afghanistan and military efforts, safety and societybuilding in Pakistan will be dedicated
to.Increase economic aid to Pakistan is welcome, though, should be the
counterinsurgency training, equipment and operations offering more security aid to
Pakistan. O'Hanlon writes that the need for a strong international coordinator of aid
management and economic development in Afghanistan. 1 Then, "quite weak and
understaffed" Afghan ministries to deal with several projects and donors. The two
representatives of the international community will give a view of the Afghan
government and Western contact, which can be expected to accountability. As
mentioned earlier, the editorial focus on the reasons for linking Afghanistan and
Pakistan in the new policy of the US administration. Brian Bender and Brian MacQuarrie
report in the Boston Globe, Undersecretary of Defence Michele Flournoy, 11 policy
efforts are hampered by the instability of Pakistan and Afghanistan. He further pointed
out that increases the risk of failure to failure "in Afghanistan and Pakistan. This
dialogue must recognize the centerpiece of every dimension of our strategy"The report
also General Petraeus' warning that includes the Swat Valley would jeopardize the
government's ability to prevent infiltration rate in other parts of the country. Moreover,
the Taliban operate along the Afghan border and will allow you to speed up attacks
against US and Afghan troops. Pakistan should make an efficient and strong foreign
policy to deal with the current scenario.

Significance of Research

The researcher intends to fill the research gaps because the topic lacks the literature review. The
study shall contribute in the field of International relations. Throughout, the researcher
demonstrates that the policy implications on the security environment of the region. The
researcher has widely gone through the scholarly work to underline the phenomenon of US

1 Ahmad, Ishtiaq. "The US Af-Pak strategy: challenges and opportunities for Pakistan." Asian
Affairs: An American Review 37, no. 4 (2010): 191-209.
foreign policy for this particular region and determine to fill the missing links in the literature
regarding AfPak policy.

Theoretical Framework

The study is based on realism. According to the theory of international relation realism makes a
broad assumption that all nation-state are motivated by national interest. Realism assumes that
statesmen think and act in terms of interest defined as power and the evidence of history bears
that assumption out. Human nature never changes. The current United States national policy,
strategy, and objectives for Afghanistan meet the principles of Realism Theory, support U.S. vital
national security interests, and are achievable.

Hypothesis

Implications of US AfPak policy will be instrument in these stabilizing the fragile

situation of the region.

Research Questions

What are the main objectives of US AfPak policy?

How have the regional states responded to the policy?

How this new policy can ratify the flaws of the previous policy of war on terror?

What are the initiatives taken by US government regarding this new policy?

What would be the new military strategy to stop the re-emergence of Taliban?

Literature Review

Articles and the most AfPak strategy should focus on Pakistan's interests reports.
Emerged reasons that come attached to the financing attacks and the anger of the club
together with these countries, are angry.Af-Pak strategic review, the research.org17 well
weaken it and make fun of Pakistan's sovereignty disrespects American operations in
the tribal areas. These attacks are a "factor of great encouragement" of new recruits to
terrorist organizations and public disgust deepened.What the review will be extended to
FATA or destroyed in the attacks in Balochistan and argued that Pakistan will plunge
into chaos. Some reports AfPak strategy moves the emphasis on the condition of aid.
Rahim Ullah Yousafzai wrote that it seemed that for 18 visit Pakistan "... make a
payment of US money if it adheres to regular US standards." It is the nature of tense
relations with Pakistan, based mistrust and friction. The Research.org19 a blank check
"more aid" and to require Pakistan to some extent under conditions that are not "poor,
have argued that economic support in disadvantaged areas" extremist and terrorist
threat the best answer for. "Often repeated claims of commitment" that monitors the US
while "development" has angered many in Pakistan. However, the review also
considered the deal is accepted, it is not wrong to use $ 10 billion in the past. Americans
are a relief to say that the vision of development aid considering the amount PPP being
received by, the chances of being funded, "lost forever more" Zeenia offered by Satti20
is. However, this view ignores Obama's claim is not being specific criteria will have to
complete and support "blank check."

Many articles and reports to AfPak strategy as harmful to peace and development in
Afghanistan. The reasons for the killing of civilians by military operations, less emphasis
on the development of civil society, and get an idea of America's indifference to modern
and prosperous Afghanistan. eurasianet.org fears surge in Afghanistan, a report says 24
that raises that would increase civilian suffering. A major source of friction between the
coalition forces and the local population have been killing civilians from military
operations. For such international organizations as Human Rights Watch, the need to
provide basic security to the Afghan conflict and non-conflict zones are calling for more
attention. Amnesty International also called for greater accountability for violations of
humanitarian law by the coalition.Many more articles in the Indian press that is the
wisdom of India's interests AfPak strategy. At the root of the problem is linked to the
Kashmir policy, possibly de-stabilization of the neighborhood is also an important factor.
Obama criticized the reference to the need to pursue "constructive diplomacy" with India
and Pakistan and implicit suggested an editorial in the Hindu 31 reduces the potential of
cooperation in the construction project of Pakistan Kashmir. Indian military presence in
Kashmir border is not as if the Pakistani army is engaged taxes. Control has been a
considerable relaxation of tension on the line has moved to reduce their differences on
Kashmir in the last four years as both countries. Vardarajan32 new strategy Siddharth
New Delhi and Islamabad and India described how contact with military instability
Afghanistan-Pakistan border relations should be done to deal with it. Al destroy
Pakistan's ability to help depends on the strength and security. The first obstacle to US
economic aid, and aim to solve other through "constructive diplomacy" with both India
and Pakistan. US sees the lack of peace on the Line of Control as the pressure on
Pakistan and because of this, in turn, a distraction from efforts against al Qaeda and the
Taliban in Afghanistan.When the Soviet military intervention in December1979, was
published as a political irritant for most of Pakistan in Afghanistan,A registered and
resentful neighbors. Represented by Afghan irredentismCall for a Pashtunistan (Push-
for an independent state border tuns), although Pakistan was potentially a challenge to
national sovereignty,Imagine managing mainly, because of the economic and military,
Afghanistan was no match for Pakistan. Pakistan adversarial relationship with In-Posed
serious problems for the diameter and the regional instabilityNational Security. However,
the Soviets deployed, togetherKabul a regime arming with Moscow's own making, the
tired the picture by presenting what was perceived to be a geostrategic threat.
Supposedly, the Soviet Union can be expected to use Afghanistan as a stepPing
legendary rock Ocean meet RussianThe dream of a warm water port.In December, in
anticipation of the involvement of the Soviet Army1979, as a political provocation for
Afghanistan and Pakistan was mainly apparent,An irritable and angry neighbors. Represented by
Afghan irredentismCall for a Pashtunistan (Push- for an independent state bordertuns), to
national honor, Pakistan is potentially a challenge was, though,Cost-effectively, because the
military considered easy, Afghani-There was no difference Stan Pakistan. Facing more problems
in Pakistan strongly opposed affairs with the diameter of the local instabilityNational security.
However, the Soviets deployed,togetherKabul administration with a self-arming of Moscow, the
tered the picture by presenting what was perceived to be a geostrategic threat. Supposedly, the
Soviet Union can be expected to use Afghanistan as a stepPing legendary rock Ocean meet
RussianThe dream of a warm water port.So, of course, the intentions of the Soviet Union, they wereI went
through the Gwadar port in Pakistan sumed wayBalochistan and therefore, perhaps, to control the oil-rich PersianBay
The strategic options for Pakistan have altered greatly in the 1990s. Withthe Soviet
army's withdrawal completed in February 1989, the attention ofPakistani officials turned
from concerns about military involvement toplans for fashioning a role for Pakistan in
concluding the Afghan war.Beyond this, Pakistan's leaders were faced with putting their
relationshipwith postwar authority in Afghanistan on a secure and cooperative
basis.2The war brought to a close with Afghans and Pakistanis, moreKnowledge of each
other, pointed to prospects for economic independence. How political developments
indicated in bothCountries can be expected to impact on the stability and prospects for
independent foreign policies.

A stable, democratic, prosperous Pakistan is considered vital to U.S. interests. U.S.

concerns regarding Pakistan include regional and global terrorism, Afghan stability,
democratization and human rights protection, the ongoing Kashmir problem and
Pakistan-India tensions, and economic development. 3
A stable, democratic and prosperous Pakistan is important to US interests. American concerns
about Pakistan regional and global terrorism, Afghan stability, democracy and human rights, the

2 Ibid (Weinbaum, Marvin G. "Pakistan and Afghanistan: The strategic relationship." Asian
Survey 31, no. 6 (1991): 496-511.)

3 Kronstadt, K. Alan. "Pakistan-US Relations." LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON

DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE, 2009.
ongoing problem of Kashmir and Indo-Pak tension, and economic development 4. Replaced by an
American and recruited after Pakistan as an important ally in the anti-terrorist efforts under the
leadership of terrorist attacks and the US around 2001 to mark America by periods of both
Pakistan relations of cooperation and conflict was given. Although top US officials about
Islamabad's commitment to some basic American interests long-held suspicions, praised Pakistan
for its cooperation. Pakistan terrorist groups and their supporters is identified as a basis for
operating in Kashmir, India, and Afghanistan. US officials are concerned that a major barrier to
the infiltration of Islamic militants from Pakistan to defeat the Taliban insurgency in Afghanistan
across the border. Obama stated intention to continue pursuing close and mutually beneficial
relations with the administration of Islamabad. As part of the "new strategy" for Afghanistan,
administration conditioning a "more reasonable" aims to develop Pakistan's policy against
American militarism and nonmilitary aid tripled to improve Pakistan's lives to add that the
Islamabad military aid to the government's progress. Pakistan after more than 5.3 $ billion
acquisition in 2001, the relief, development and the military compensation for 3.1 billion $, and
support counterterrorism efforts in humanitarian assistance in the US, including 6.7 billion $ is
one of the leading recipients.5
A view of our relationship with the role of Islam in Pakistan's Haqqani view America and
its future. Pakistan identifies and intertwined relationship between Islam and Pakistan
state "has deep roots in Pakistan's position on an ideological Islamic state, and the two
are connected with the praetorian ambitions of the worldview of the Pakistani army and
the Pakistani elite." (In the US, 2005). Hussain Haqqani said that Pakistan concentration
of the state's military capabilities andExternal threats and geopolitical concerns Pakistan
is internally weak. He said that the Pakistani generals seized power four times, "even
during the civilian government periods, general intelligence apparatus of political
influence, particularly the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) organization through defines
used. (US, 2005)Haqqani explains that Islam has strong military and government
Organizations and religious groups to come up with a powerful, emerging as
-connected Force in Pakistani society. 6Haqqani Pakistan military and civil bureaucracy
even as Islamic extremist groups argue that the special status and privileges "champion

4Bush, George W. The national security strategy of the United States of America. EXECUTIVE
OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT WASHINGTON DC, 2002.

5 Kronstadt, K. Alan. Pakistan-US relations: A summary. Congressional Research Service, 2011.

6 Cohen, Stephen P. The idea of Pakistan. Brookings Institution Press, 2004.Ekovich, Steven.
"US Foreign Policy under President Obama and the Challenge of Pakistan."
of the cause of securing Kashmir to Pakistan with Pakistan's nuclear deterrent
capability." (US, 2005) argue that the payment of US generals for US policy on Pakistan
to combat communism and always easy Alliance and has been on the terror. US offers
US demand and 13civil asuggestion society and to help encourage secularism and
religious fundamentalism end, he does not discuss how the agency might change
implemented.Waldman study claims Pakistan'sintelligence powerful iPhonebased on
the interviews with nine Taliban commanders in Afghanistan, working three rebel
commanders southern Afghanistan, three and three, as well as a high-level Taliban
intermediary in the south.He said that 10 former senior Taliban officials from a number
of Afghan elders, politicians along with politicians and analysts, as well as foreign
diplomats and security officials. Research assistant interviewed six further insurgents.
Waldman's study, he said, the economy is published by the London School of relations
between Pakistan and the Taliban is believed that currently goes far beyond that.
"Taliban, Taliban commanders is a strong stimulus endogenous maintained and strictly
according to the ISI orchestrates movement, impact, though" (Waldman, 2010).
Waldman is clearly making the show that ISI strategic decision to emphasize that
"significant influence" Taliban control field operations and most violent insurgent units,
some of which appear based in Pakistan.
Waldman research Taliban which is known as the Quetta Council was the Taliban's
supreme leadership council, date, participants, or ISI, the official representation was
claimed as observers, explains . In his research, Waldman said President of Pakistan
Asif Ali Zardari personally captive, senior Taliban leaders concluded they had "our
people" and assured that their support was. He was apparently from the prison.Life,
history, and historical idea of Pakistan militant tactics and politics in the newspaper
Grare Islam and extremist groups to analyze the weakness of the paper 7. The creation
of Pakistan, history, and follow Grare end of the study the role of Islam and proposed a
strategic perspective "states that the campaignagainst should stop political Islam in
Pakistan because of it. The opposing political Islam a pproach the opposite has proved
the role of the US dependence on Pakistan. "(Grare, 2007) described above
demonstrates Grare argues failure.Slippery slope of the United States and the proposed
Pakistan's troubles strategies to empower civilian leadership and the democratic system
as a solution for strategy execution in the grand strategy of the international community
is how deep the relationship between the Grare is that it does not recognize Pakistan's
civilian, military and Islamic leadership. The problem is that Islamic ideology and Islamic
extremist groups in Pakistan's civil and military leadership of Pakistan are involved in its
approach to Pakistan are deeply entrenched in the fabric. "The military, civilian
establishment is not the lack of a democratic culture to Pakistan dominate, silence did
not accept the military's power. Afghanistan are increasing numbers of security forces,
training, quality, equipment, However, political leadership and their object.
7
 Pakistan's government and army, supported by the Taliban on one side, the Durand
Line Durand Line and Afghanistan face a growing pressure from the Pakistani Taliban in
Pakistan. At the present time, "brought forgot to play in considering Iraq to fight" by
focusing shift of the Obama administration in 2008 many problems AF / PAK region, first
in Afghanistan, focused the shift has brought much-needed resources and NATO ISAF
troops in March 2010 by about 89,000 troops and 215,000 Afghan security forces on the
ground "for the war in Afghanistan, NATO's ISAF troops and 131,000 the 93,000
266,000 Afghan police and army went to the current total overall increase. "(Jackson
and Kamminga, 2011). Troops and General David Petraeus's strategy to increase
invigorated NATO and Afghan forces are able to achieve some success in specific areas
of security. Furthermore, the idea of Durand Line to a decisive position and operation of
safe havens for Taliban and Al Qaeda leadership in Pakistan's tribal region located
Pashton to have been dealt with drones. 8Two major factors are working in favor of the
rebels. First, they have continued to safe havens, supply, training and support
Pakistan's government in terms of communication Pakistan Army and the ISI. The
rebels element of time in them."The Taliban realize that they are winning, and
objectively look like the number of NATO [North Atlantic Treaty Organization] Look at the
number of deaths, the number of attacks that they're winning. Speed to be broken. then,
secondly, and very seriously, be safe haventhat off the Taliban and al Qaeda and other
jihadists have built in Pakistan.9

This can only happen with the support of the Pakistani government. "(Reidel, New York
Times, 2009) The role Pakistan plays that AF / PAK evidence of the last decade due to
the conflict in the region coordinates. 10 The negative role of Pakistan rebels in the war
effort a failure, logistical support and training and also alleged in the case of providing
safe havens to operational guidance and supervision, the documentary has been. an
operation against the Pakistani Taliban Pakistan has against Afghan insurgents, who started
working operation Pakistan Army and al-Qaeda Turkey to take against the limit at some point.
Pakistan, geopolitical with Pakistan passion Islamic extremist ideas and groups to take a stand
longstanding strategic vision, and twisted tight alliance for 19 people goalsand goals . thus, the
present United States AF / PAK strategy to strategy for region.Pakistan Pakistan's Afghan
strategy in the 80's and 90's and the strategic position of the United StatesPakistan theory was

8 ibid

9 Far, Would They Really Go That. "Global Research."Markey, Daniel S. Reorienting US

Pakistan Strategy: From Af-Pak to Asia. No. 68. Council on Foreign Relations, 2014.

10
bolstered by Reagan in 1980 the colliding with.The United States agreed to the terms of
Pakistanis, and Pakistan took control of Afghanistan. Pimp CIA --ie Mujahideen did not channel
its support directly. In other words, for these covert "was created by the Pakistan ISI". "The CIA
has operated indirectly through the Pakistani ISI intelligence support to the Mujahideen in
Afghanistan operated in Washington." Jihad, "which was careful not to reveal the ultimate goal
of destroying the Soviet Union", successful "." (Chossudovsky, 2008)November 2008. "(Mazzat
and Masood, 2010) theMumbai terrorist attacks. CIA and ISI differences, stress and physical
clashes Inter are based on the commitmentWith extremist groups. In terms of the Davis tensions
had reached its height: ignored international law diplomatic immunity in Pakistan, USConsulate
employee Raymond Davis and later accused of being a CIA operator O "It was, it seemed simple
case of shooting in self-defense in a busy street in LahoreBandits ... who whokilled two men,
Faizanand Fahim, was Davis, a US citizen and alleged a memberofthe US Embassy staff ...
Davis was already known that the fuel is added to the tip of the gun fire. Pak-US relations are
being threatened. In a country where the US has little popularity, an "Ambassador" whether they
were shooting two Pakistanis, the robbers ornot an event,Helped fuel anti-American. Emotions.
Held a protest in Karachi by the congregation, theIslami, a religious party, condemned the killing
of hundreds of protesters. "(Distinction, 2011)Pakistan as a country in the current issue of the old
problem of Pakistan's VisionMuslims and the Islamic state in Pakistan and a long-term
commitment and Islamic ideology, Islamic extremism and the heavy involvement of Islamic
fundamentalist groupsCommunities, civil government and Pakistan's security forces.Pakistan and
its view of the extent
I made the United Way of Islamic extremism in society becomes a real problem
American goals in AF / PAK region. Thailand is due to the fact that it has been unable to
PakistanThis perspective, strategies, policies and changing geopolitical objectives. As long as
The vision of the borders of Pakistan's strategic concepts and insecurity in Pakistan
US and NATO allies in the region AF / PAK is contrary to the strategy. United
AF / PAK goal of the US and NATO to establish security and stability in the region to defeat the
terrorist threat and prevent the return of extremists and terrorism in the region. A stable and
secure AF / PAK region understanding that once again terrorists could create a vacuum in the
region to be exploited by Islamic extremists.Criticism shows a survey of the existing literature on
the AfPak strategy: All articles are published in newspapers and feedback. response to new
equipment announcing the administration of the strategy. The strategic impact of most of the
military methods of the subjects, emphasis on civilian casualties and that the club together with
Afghanistan and Pakistan. Used in the past and future financing by Pakistan is also a concern.
US, Afghanistan and Pakistan - the strategy of the opposition that shows how the three countries
involved interests. Plan benefits when weighed against the negatives seem to greatly reduce. In
addition, the evaluation of any definition for strategy planning rests seems ideal which will be
implemented in full, of this. Several articles (regardless of any of the countries involved tilt),
both local development and inspiring trust and confidence in solving the needs of people in
Afghanistan and Pakistan. This conflict shows growing concern about the humanitarian problems
in the troubled region. Recognition of the link between poverty, under-development, alienation
and emerge as religious extremism clear.

Research Methodology

This research is qualitative in nature with analytic and predictive approach as well. The
researcher basically used the secondary resources including the books, articles, internet as well
different views of the columnist on this aspect.

Limitations

Due to the shortage of time, access to different places and the permission as well, all these create
hurdles in my research work. But in my limited time and limited sources especially rely on
university books and Internet; I will try my level best to complete it properly.

Division of Study

The Study is based on introduction of the topic in which the brief introduction has
been discussed then the background of the topic, then the challenges and solution
and lastly there is a conclusion of the topic.

Bibliography
Ahmad, Ishtiaq. "The US Af-Pak strategy: challenges and opportunities for Pakistan." Asian
Affairs: An American Review 37, no. 4 (2010): 191-209.

Ibid
(Weinbaum, Marvin G. "Pakistan and Afghanistan: The strategic relationship." Asian
Survey 31, no. 6 (1991): 496-511

Kronstadt, K. Alan. "Pakistan-US Relations." LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC

CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE, 2009.
Bush, George W. The national security strategy of the United States of America. EXECUTIVE
OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT WASHINGTON DC, 2002.

Kronstadt, K. Alan. Pakistan-US relations: A summary. Congressional Research Service, 2011.

Cohen, Stephen P. The idea of Pakistan. Brookings Institution Press, 2004.

Ekovich, Steven. "US Foreign Policy under President Obama and the Challenge of Pakistan."
ibid
Far, Would They Really Go That. "Global Research."
Markey, Daniel S. Reorienting US Pakistan Strategy: From Af-Pak to Asia. No. 68. Council on
Foreign Relations, 2014.