Most common farm type was small subsistence oriented farms, which have at

least some element of commercialization. Farmers generate some amount of

cash by selling their horticultural crops for the purchase of essential items.
However, there are a number of constraints, which hindered better
performance in the process of production.
Shallow Wells
According to the observations discussions held with irrigation farmers, shallow
wells are the favoured source of irrigation,
Regarding sufficiency of water supply, farmers were asked about the irrigation
water supply sufficient to their farm. Most of the farmers mentioned that during
dry season water was not sufficient.
Visited shallow wells were dug manually by the local farmer and mostly private
owned.
Water scarcity
During the dry season, the water table recedes and the depth of the wells are
extended.
Although many may dry up at the peak of the dry season. The usable period of
the wells ends with onset of the rainy season. They may become flooded by
runoff along the stream bed causing the wells to collapse or in-filled by debris
washed off by the first heavy rain storm.
Pumps
All the Farmers in the study area typically irrigate using a small water pump
with 3-inch outlet connection pipe diameter, leading directly to crops and the
system are usually private owned. Most of shallow wells were partially cement
lined and well heads are unprotected which often causes to collapse.
The runoff takes deposition of clay, organic material and debris from vicinity of
the well to the well itself, which causes over laying siltation at the bottom of
the well. Majority of wells do not possess the crucial protection measures.
The frequency use of the well depends on the yield rate of the well.

Farm land and water application

The farmer has divided the landholdings into small bonded units or basins. The
distribution systems were composed of open, unlined canals.
All farmers use the same irrigation method consisting of a separation of the
plot in strips (musbar), itself subdivided in small furrows of 3 4 m long,
Furrows were done manually with a hoe where the water is directed by gravity.
The scarcity of surface water resource retards the development or widely use
of traditional irrigation. In addition, in most of the existing irrigation schemes,
the methods of application are not very efficient.
Diseases
Attacking and lowering crop production by diseases is the one of main
challenges that faced by the farmers.
Technical problem
 The technical problems can be classified either agricultural instruments such
as water pumps, pipes, fuel, cultivations tools or skills and knowledge of
farming.