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25 ACIA, 2004. Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. Cambridge University
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26 Anisimov, O., Vaughan, D., 2007. Polar regions, Climate Change 2007: 801841.
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, 4; Mitigation, www.ipcc.ch; The Economics of Climate Change.
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. www.wwf.ru).
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Adaptation and Vulnerability, www.ipcc.ch; .
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Parry M. L., Arnell N. W., McMichael T., Nicolls R., Martens W. J. M., Kovats S., Livermore M., Rosenzweig C., Iglesias A., and Fischer G. 2001. Mil-
lions at risk: defending critical climate change threats and targets. Global Environmental Change v. 11, Pp. 181183.

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