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3
LIST OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Application
Conclusion
4
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Typical pinned column base joint
Column
Grout
Base plate
Concrete foundation
Anchor bolt
6
INTRODUCTION
Typical fixed column base joint
Column
Base plate
Anchor bolts
Concrete foundation
7
INTRODUCTION
Analysis of the joint according to EN 1993-1-8
Joint is modelled by a typical components : T-stub
Two models for loadings :
Resistance in compression : T-stub in compression with concrete,
Resistance in tension : T-stub in tension (anchor bolts + base plate
+ column web).
FT,Rd FT,Rd
FT
leff
8
INTRODUCTION
Recommended partial safety factors according to EN 1993-1-8 :
9
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN COMPRESSION
leff
fjd
beff
Web T-stub : Fc,bw,Rd
Where:
abf coefficient which accounts for diffusion of concentrated
force within the foundation.
bj may be taken as 2/3 (see Note)
fcd Concrete design strength :
fck
fcd a cc
gc
fck Compressive cylinder strength of concrete at 28 days
acc = 1
gc = 1,5
12
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN COMPRESSION
Expression of abf :
df eh eb
abf = min 1+ ; 1+2 ; 1+2 ; 3
max(hp ,bp ) hp bp
Note : bj = 2/3 if : em
50 mm
df
Where:
leff Effective length of the T-stub
beff Effective width of the T-stub such as : beff t 2c
c Additional bearing width of the flange : F c,Rd
fyp
c tp c
3 fjdg M0 t
c
fyp Yield strength of base plate leff
gM0 =1 tp fjd
beff
14
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN COMPRESSION
beff beff
tp tp
fjd fjd
c c
bcc c
beff min c; hp hc /2 tfc min c; hc /2 tfc
beff beff
c c c
c c
tfc
c c
hc hc
hp hp
leff
twc c
beff
c
tfc
hc
17
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN COMPRESSION
NC,Rd fjd hcpbcp lcp bcp twc 2c
Where :
hcp min hp ; hc 2c c c
c
hc
hp
18
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN TENSION
Joint modelled by a T-stub (anchor bolts, base plate) in tension
Evaluation of the tensile resistance of the T-stub
6 possible failure modes :
Base plate/anchor bolts (modes 1, 2, 1-2 and 3)
Column web (mode 4) and weld
leff b)
19
FT,1,Rd
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN TENSION
Failure modes of base plate/anchor bolts
Mode 1 : Yielding of the base plate Mode 2 : Failure of anchor bolts
FT,1,Rd FT,1,Rd FT,2,Rd
FT,2,Rd
Prying
effect
Q Q
Q Q
Mode 1-2 : Yielding of the base plate Mode 3 : Failure of anchor bolts
FT,1-2,Rd FT,3,Rd
No prying
effect
20
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN TENSION
Mode 4 : Yielding of the column web in tension
Rd FT,4,Rd
21
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN TENSION
Prying effect and failure modes : EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.2
FT,1,Rd FT,Rd
FT,Rd FT,2,Rd
Deformation
Q Q
*
Condition Lb L *
b
Lb >L b
Lb 8d em tp twa 0,5k
Where:
k
twa Thickness of the washer base plate tp
d Anchor bolt diameter grout em
Concrete
8d
23
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN TENSION
Limit anchor bolt elongation length : EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.2
3
8,8m As
Lb
*
leff,1tp3
Where:
As Tensile stress area of one anchor bolt
leff,1 Effective length : twc
leff,1 =min leff,cp ; leff,nc p/2
m
aw
m p /2 twc /2 0,8 2a w
Base plate tp
24
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN TENSION
Effective lengths of the T-stub : EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.6
Circular mechanism Non circular mechanism
e m m e
e m m e
Yield line
p
twc
25
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN TENSION
Resistance of modes 1 and 1-2: EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.2
Yielding of
m
the base
plate
Q Q
4Mpl,1,Rd 2Mpl,1,Rd
Resistance of FT,1,Rd FT,1-2,Rd
the T-stub m m
tp2 fyp
Where: Mpl,1,Rd mpl,Rdleff,1 ; mpl,Rd ; leff,1 =min leff,cp ; leff,nc
4g M0
FT,3,Rd 26 FT,4,Rd
FT,3,Rd FT,4,Rd
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN TENSION
Resistance of modes 2 and 3: EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.2
Q Q
1. Base plate
2. Grout
3. Concrete foundation
28
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN TENSION
Resistance of one anchor bolt, two failure modes:
Tensile resistance of the anchor bolt section, Ft,Rd,
Bond anchorage resistance, Ft,bond,Rd.
Ft,Rd,anchor min Ft,Rd ; Ft,bond,Rd
29
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN TENSION
Bond anchorage resistance of a straight bolt :
Ft,bond,Rd dlb fbd
Where: Ft,Bond,Rd
d Nominal diameter of an anchor bolt
fbd Design bond strength :
If d < 32 mm : 0,36 f
fbd ck
gC lb
If d 32 mm : 0,36 fck 132 d
fbd
gc = 1,5 gC 100
Check that :
fyb 300N /mm2 lb
5d
90
31
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN TENSION
Resistance of mode 4:
Failure mode Mode 4
FT,3,Rd FT,4,Rd
Where:
f y,wc Yield strength of the column web
beff,t =leff,1 32
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN TENSION
Weld resistance :
fu / 3
Ft,w,Rd lw,eff,taw
bwg M2
Where:
aw weld throat thickness of the web
bw correlation factor EN 1993-1-8 Table 4.1
33
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - SHEAR RESISTANCE
Three ways to transmit shear force to concrete block :
Friction resistance between base plate and concrete (compression),
Shear of anchor bolts (compression/tension),
Use of shear nibs (important tension force).
34
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - SHEAR RESISTANCE
Design friction resistance : EN 1993-1-8 6.2.2 (6)
Ff,Rd Cf,dNc,Ed
Where:
N c,Ed Compression force
C f,d Coefficient of friction Axial force Nc,Ed
For sand-cement mortar :
Shear force
C f,d 0,2 VEd<0,2Nc,Ed
Friction
eh
35
hp
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - SHEAR RESISTANCE
Shear resistance of an anchor bolt: EN 1993-1-8 6.2.2 (7)
abc fub As
Fvb,Rd
g M2
Where:
fyb Yield strength of the anchor bolt
abc 0,44 0,0003 fyb and 235 N/mm2 fyb 640 N/mm2
Fvb,Rd
36
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - SHEAR RESISTANCE
Shear resistance in presence of compression : EN 1993-1-8 6.2.2 (8)
Addition of friction resistance and shear resistance of anchor bolts :
Shear force
VEd
Friction
Shear of anchor
bolts
37
eh
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - SHEAR RESISTANCE
Shear resistance in presence of tension :
VEd Nt,Ed
1
nFvb,Rd 1,4FT,Rd
Where:
FT,Rd Tensile resistance of the T-stub in tension
Shear force
VEd
Shear of anchor
bolts
38
eh
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - SHEAR RESISTANCE
Shear resistance of welds (in compression) :
Vw,Rd fvw,d a lw,eff VEd
Where: fvw,d fu / 3
bwg M2
lw,eff total effective length of the welds in the direction of shear
a weld throat thickness in the direction of shear
39
FIXED COLUMN BASE JOINT
FIXED COLUMN BASE JOINT- INTRODUCTION
Calculation of the bending resistance and initial rotational
stiffness in presence of axial force :
Mj,Ed
Nj,Ed Mj,Ed Mj,Rd
Mj,Rd
j,Ed
Sj,ini j,Ed
FT Fc
j,Ed
Mode 2
Mcanisme partiel et
rupture des tiges
T-stub in tension : T-stub in compression :
FT,2,Rd =(2Mpl, 2, Rd +nFt, Rd)/(m +n)
FT FC
Tronon en T
comprim
Aire de rpartition m e
uniforme de pression
entre la platine et son leff
appui
beff
42
FIXED COLUMN BASE JOINT- INTRODUCTION
Lever arms :
Tensile force positioned at the centre of anchor bolts,
Compression force at the centre of the column flange.
hc
Bending moment :
Mj,Ed zCFC zTFT
Mj,Ed
Bending resistance : resistance
tfc
reach on a T-stub.
FC FC,Rd or FT FT,Rd zT zC
FT FC
43
FIXED COLUMN BASE JOINT- BENDING RESISTANCE
Bending resistance depend on eccentricity : e Mj,Ed Mj,Rd
N
Nj,Ed Nj,Rd
Dominant tensile force : Dominant compression force :
0 eN zT zC eN 0
Nj,Rd Nj,Rd
Mj,Rd Mj,Rd
zT zT zC zC
FT
FT,Rd FC FC,Rd
Nj,Rd Nj,Rd
Mj,Rd Mj,Rd
zT zC zT zC
FT,Rd FC FT FC,Rd
twc
leff
bfc bp
beff c
hc
hp
46
FIXED COLUMN BASE JOINT- BENDING RESISTANCE
Resistance of the tensile part of the joint (2 anchor bolts):
Analysis of the resistance of an equivalent T-stub :
FT,Rd
e w
ex
bp mx
48
FIXED COLUMN BASE JOINT- BENDING RESISTANCE
Lever arm Bending resistance Mj,Rd
Loading
z for a given value of eN
Rotational stiffener
Sj Sj
Sj Sj,ini if Mj,Ed 2Mj,Rd /3
Sj,ini
Sj if 2Mj,Rd /3 Mj,Ed Mj,Rd
(1,5Mj,Ed / Mj,Rd ) ; 2,7
51
FIXED COLUMN BASE JOINT- INITIAL ROTATIONAL STIFFNESS
Nj,Ed Nj,Ed
Mj,Ed
Mj,Ed
FT
j,Ed
FC
j,Ed
kT kC
zT zC
52
FIXED COLUMN BASE JOINT- INITIAL ROTATIONAL STIFFNESS
Flange c
Concrete
Lb L
*
b
Lb >L*b
FT FT
B B B B
T T
Q Q
54
FIXED COLUMN BASE JOINT- INITIAL ROTATIONAL STIFFNESS
Nj,Ed Nj,Ed
Mj,Ed Mj,Ed
FT,1
j,Ed
kT kT
zT zT kC kC
zC zC
Nj,Ed
Mj,Ed
FT
FC
j,Ed
kT kC
zT zC
58
FIXED COLUMN BASE JOINT- INITIAL ROTATIONAL STIFFNESS
Lever arm Initial rotational stiffness Sj,ini
Loading
z for a given value of eN
eh
Axis y-y
eb
hp =480
800
61
APPLICATION PRESENTATION OF THE EXAMPLE
Detail of the joint
15 10
14,7
2 anchor bolts M24 225
Class 4.6
9,4
225
190
15
Flange weld : 6 mm
40 140 40
e m 60,8 40
Web weld : 4 mm
62
APPLICATION PRESENTATION OF THE EXAMPLE
Load Case 1 (compression) :
Nc,Ed = 85 kN
Vz,Ed = 35 kN
63
APPLICATION 1-1 RESISTANCE IN COMPRESSION
Concrete (C25/30) design strength :
fck
fcd a cc
gc
25
fcd 1 16,7 MPa
1,5 50 mm
The value of bj is equal to 2/3, as : em 30 mm min 0,2 bp
0,2 h
p
Coefficient abf :
df eh
eb
abf = min 1+ ; 1+2 ; 3
1+2 ;
max(h ,b )
p p hp
bp
800 480 400 220
abf min 1
500
; 1
; 1 , 3 1,67
480 480 220
64
APPLICATION 1-1 RESISTANCE IN COMPRESSION
Foundation bearing strength :
fjd abf b j fcd
fjd 1,67 2/3 16,7 18,6 MPa
65
APPLICATION 1-1 RESISTANCE IN COMPRESSION
Geometrical parameter :
hcp min hp ; hc 2c min 480;450 2 20,5 480 mm
bcp min bp ; bfc 2c min220;190 2 20,5 220 mm
Short projection
NC,Rd fjd hcp bcp lcp bcp twc 2c
18,6 480 220 379,6 220 9,4 2 20,5 /1000
766,6 kN
66
APPLICATION 1-1 RESISTANCE IN COMPRESSION
Check of the resistance in compression:
NC,Rd 766,6 kN Nc,Ed 85 kN
hc = 450
bc =15 20,5 bc =15
c
twc = 9,4
tfc= c
bfc =190 14,7 leff = 220
c
c= 20,5
c
beff
hp = 480
67
APPLICATION 1-2 SHEAR RESISTANCE (CASE 1)
Friction resistance :
Ff,Rd C f,dNc,Ed
Ff,Rd 0,2 85 17 kN
Shear resistance of one anchor bolt :
abc fub As
Fvb,Rd
g M2
(0,44 0,0003 240) 400 353
Fvb,Rd 41,6 kN
1,25 10 3
68
APPLICATION 1-2 SHEAR RESISTANCE (CASE 1)
Shear resistance of welds :
fu / 3
Vw,Rd a lw,eff
b wg M2
lw,eff 2 450 2 14,7 2 21 757,2 mm
360 / 3
Vw,Rd 4 757,2/1000 629,5 kN
0,8 1,25
69
APPLICATION 2-1 RESISTANCE IN TENSION (CASE 2)
Length m :
m p /2 twc /2 0,8 2a w
(140-9,4)
m= -0,8 2 4 = 60,8 mm
2
leff,nc =4m+1,25e
leff,nc =460,8+1,2540=293,1 mm 140
40 40
70
APPLICATION 2-1 RESISTANCE IN TENSION (CASE 2)
Presence of prying effect?
Limit anchor bolt elongation length :
8,8m3 As
L
*
b
leff,1tp3
8,8 60,83 353
L
*
2382 mm
293,1 10
b 3
71
APPLICATION 2-1 RESISTANCE IN TENSION (CASE 2)
Bending resistance of the base plate (per unit length) :
tp2 fyp
mpl,Rd
4 g M0
102 235
mpl,Rd 5,87kN.mm/mm
4 1,0 10 3
Mode 2 :
Mpl,2,Rd leff,2 mpl,Rd 293,1 5,87 1722 kN.mm
72
APPLICATION 2-1 RESISTANCE IN TENSION (CASE 2)
Resistance of one anchor bolt in tension
Design tensile resistance of the anchor bolt section:
0,9 fub As
Ft,Rd
g M2
0,9 353 400
Ft,Rd 101,6 kN
1,25 10 3
73
APPLICATION 2-1 RESISTANCE IN TENSION (CASE 2)
Design bond anchorage resistance:
Ft,bond,Rd dlb fbd
Ft,bond,Rd 24 400 1,2/1000 36,2 kN
Ft,Bond,Rd
74
APPLICATION 2-1 RESISTANCE IN TENSION (CASE 2)
Resistance in tension of the T-stub : modes 1 and 2
Failure mode Mode 1 Mode 2
FT,1,Rd
FT,1,Rd = 113,3 kN
FT,2,Rd =62,9kN
FT,2,Rd
Ft,Rd,anchor m e
Form of the m
mode
Q Q
Q Q
Ft,Rd,anchor Ft,Rd,anchor
Form of the twc
mode
beff,ttwc fy,wc
FT,3,Rd 2Ft,Rd,anchor FT,4,Rd
g M0
Resistance of FT,3,Rd 2 36,2 72,4 kN
293,1 9,4 235
the T-stub FT,4,Rd 647,5 kN
1 10 3
Weld resistance :
fu / 3
Ft,w,Rd lw,eff,taw
b wg M2
360 / 3
Ft,w,Rd 293,1 2 4 487 kN
0,8 1,25 1000
77
APPLICATION 2-2 SHEAR RESISTANCE (CASE 2)
Check of the shear resistance of bolts :
VEd Nt,Ed 17,5 8,86
0,31 1
nFvb,Rd 1,4NT,Rd 2 41,6 1,4 62,9
78
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
80
REFERENCES
REFERENCES
EN 1992-1-1 Eurocode 2 Design of concrete structures Part 1-1:
General rules and rules for buildings
82