Elements of a System

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Open system elements are: a) input current b) conversion process c) output curre
nt d) the communication of feedback and control element
Elements of a System
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Input currents are known to open systems in order to function, must be imported
through its input current, certain environmental resources such as energy inputs
or that allow its operation and maintenance
Elements of a System
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The energy in the input currents: a) In general, the energy that environmental c
are system tends to behave according to the conservation law that says: "The amo
unt of energy (whether represented by raw materials, financial resources or huma
n) that remains in the system is equal to the amount of imported energy, minus t
he amount of energy exported "
Elements of a System
b) There is an influx of energy in particular does not respond to this conservat
ion law: The information in this case, the information behaves according to what
has been called increments law, which says that the amount of information that
remains in the system is not equal to the difference between what goes in and wh
at comes out, but is equal to the info that there is more that goes, that is, ag
gregation is a net input and the output does not remove information the system.
Elements of a System
c) The output of information can increase total system information
Elements of a System
Physical resources Financial Resources Human Resources Information
System
Elements of a System
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The system and its ability to absorb variety (information) input currents of pre
cariousness The principle of Ashby said that a control system to another should
be able to balance the variety received its ability to absorb the variety. This
phenomenon occurs as follows: a) the number of states that can reach the system
is infinite, while the possibility of capturing the variety of the system is inf
inite.
Elements of a System
b) The variety generated in the medium affects the system must equal the system'
s capacity to absorb that variety. c) This is impossible unless the system has w
ays or means to use mechanisms to reduce environmental variety, and therefore th
e system reduces the number of environmental information and is capable of build
ing to match the variety that receives through inflows, with the ability range o
bservation system
Elements of a System
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Recall that the conversion process in the systems is the presence of a purpose o
r objective, and energy-importing the systems used to move and act out their par
ticular mechanisms to achieve the objectives for which they were designed. In ot
her words, systems that transform energy production represents the characteristi
c of the particular system and the conversion processes are those that carry out
product development of this system
Although organizations can take many different turns, however, there are basic e
lements that all share with each other, such as:
salgunos conversion sproceso SLOs inputs resulting from the conversion products
sretroalimentación input the information into the system
Factors of production (inputs): • Capital • Labor • Materials and supplies • int
ermediate inputs • Buildings • Machinery, • Tools • Skills • etc.
Outputs: goods or services produced: * Manufacturing = number of products, * Ser
vices = sales for the period. "The Administration never bothered to adjust their
accounting systems and general costs for the periodic assessment of productivit
y." (Banker, Dates and Kaplan)
Capital Labor Production Process intermediate inputs
System of a Company Operations
Products / services produced
Sales / MKT
Products / Services sold the company's overall productivity
Materials and supplies
Productivity of the production system
Elements of a System
Importantly, given that a system meets the principle of recursion, each of the s
ubsystems has a conversion process, so that when considering the total system, t
here are different processes or functions to be some major conversion on the fin
al product and other ancillary or service so they can operate the main subsystem
s.
Elements of a System
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Output current Output current is equivalent to export the system does to the env
ironment. Usually no one but several output currents. In general, we can divide
the output currents into positive and negative environmental and environment€und
erstood by all those other systems using one way or another the enrgía exporting
this system.
Elements of a System
We define that an output current is positive when it is useful to the community
and negative otherwise, and it is this which ultimately determine the survival o
f the system itself, so that if the positive output current is much higher than
negative output current, it is likely that this system has a legalization of the
ir existence by the individual and society.
Elements of a System
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Previous amount of what we can say that if there is still the system becomes a v
iable system, which is authenticated by the environment and adapts to it and dem
ands, depending on variations in a changing environment, and for this to happen
should cunplir three basic characteristics: a) Being able to self-organize, ie t
o maintain a permanent structure and modify it according to the requirements
Elements of a System
b) be capable of self-control, ie maintaining its main variables within limits t
hat are a normal area c) possess a degree of autonomy, ie, possess a sufficient
level of freedom given by the resources to maintain these variables within its a
rea of normality.
Elements of a System
There are systems that carry out their transactions in energy with their environ
ment, ie ex post their adquisisción streams and their flows into fully autonomou
s foma However, there are systems in which its output current is produced somewh
ere hinzapaz their input currents. This process is either some authors have call
ed business cycle.
Elements of a System
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Feedback communication system remember that everything has a purpose and behavio
r that develops, once sufficient energy has provided for their inflows tend to a
chieve that purpose or goal. So the communication of feedback to the información
que indicated as the system is doing in pursuit of its objective, and that estro
ducido back into the system in order to carry out the adjustments necessary to a
chieve the goal
Elements of a System
It should be noted that the provision of feedback can not only come from the out
put current of the system but any other output current control as necessary.
Elements of a System
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The current approach to input and output The input-output approach identifies a
system as a recognizable entity to which different currents coming into and out
of which one or more current under the foma of a product. From this point of vie
w the system is considered a black box, which allows the identification of syste
ms and subsystems, and study their relations, without getting into complex proce
sses, moreover, to identify bottlenecks
• fluctuations • Delayed Deliveries • Recession • Staff turnover • Land • labor
• Building, • equipment • etc Conversion Process • Products • Customer Service
Inputs
• Inventory Levels • Efficiency • Labor Turnover
System operations for a department store
• Land • labor • Buildings • team • Skills • farmer • etc.
Inputs
• Climate • Government • Inflation • Controls equipment failures Conversion Proc
ess
Products • Grain • milk • Cream • etc.
• Inventory Levels • Efficiency • Labor Turnover
System for farm operations