Military Operations

J.
LEONARDO INF CRL LÓPEZ LONGA

CRL LONGA EP 1 LEONARDO J
OBJECTIVE
Ensure that participants attain Level THEORETICAL ENOUGH, SO YOU CAN PROPOSE ALT
ERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT AND SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE TENSION BETWEEN STATE, M
ARKETS, GLOBALIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATION.
EP CRL LONGA LEONARDO J
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CONTENTS
Generations of War. Conventional Role of the Armed Forces. Emerging Military Ope
rations (OMES). Threats. Peace Operations. Low-Intensity Conflict and "Asymmetri
c Warfare." Information Warfare. Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). Intern
ational Terrorism.
LEONARDO J CRL LONGA EP 3
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ORIGIN OF THE G4G
1.989 WILLIAM LIND: THE CHANGING FACE OF WAR
G1G
FIREARMS HOME
G2G
MECHANICS PROCESSING CAPACITY OF WORLD WAR ARMIES MOVING LARGE
G3G
Or BLITZKRIEG LIGHTNING WAR ARMY OF NAZI. Invasion of Iraq invasion of Lebanon.
SPEED AND SURPRISE IN THE ATTACK technological superiority.
CUSP
1.860 Napoleonic Wars FIRE IN MASS MOVEMENT
FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT
1.991 Martin van Creveld: THE TRANSFORMATION OF WAR
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WARS OF THE FOURTH GENERATION
Heading into the American military doctrine that includes: War guerrillas. A
symmetric War. low intensity war. Dirty War, State Terrorism. People's War
. Terrorism and Counterterrorism. Also: Propaganda strategies in combination
with CN. includes politics, population, cybernetics. Examples: Afghanistan,
Somalia, Chechnya, Al Qaeda, Hezbollah.
EP CRL LEONARDO J LONGA 6
CHRONOLOGY
WWII BERLIN WALL LONDON MADRID NEW YORK
Cold war
Emerging Military Operations
1939-1945
September / November 1989
11 / September 2001
11 / March 2004
07 / July 2005
FOURTH GENERATION OF THE WARS
COLD WAR bipolar system of alliances rigid climate of permanent tension betw
een the two poles
CHANGES IN THE GLOBAL CONTEXT resurgence of old and ancient ethnic and religious
conflicts. Only U.S. hegemonic power. Meta state actors, international organiza
tions, NGOs, Multinationals. Globalization.
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Where we work?
Main concern Typical Operations Before Time Deployment Capabilities higher deman
d
Terrorism WTO neighbors GC (Subversion) CNG patrol bases occupation CT. Predicta
ble (Zona Central Sierra and Selva) Logistical support
Today
Social Inestab, TID, TIA, exploded. RRNN Prevention, population control, interdi
ction, ICIA, electronic surveillance Unpredictable, often in the large populatio
n centers Eqs. Combat, Fzas. occupation, Special Opns, Technology.
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Predictable (Coast Corridor) Armored, Artillery, Missiles, etc.
Complex change
War
Other Population Control War
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Past
Comparison of roles
Enemy predictable with large numbers of troops. strict legal framework for s
overeignty and integrity. Membership of a considerable force for
Conventional War (GC), but ineffective in other missions
Present and Future
Conflict transnational media effects. New enemies and threats to national se
curity. more complex global environment - increasing
unpredictable. Assignments - TID Great númeroLEONARDO J Opns LONGA Peace EP 11
CRL territorial control, etc.
CHALLENGE: CHANGE THE ORGANIZATION?
Standardize design. lighter and smaller units with greater autonomy. deplo
yments faster and more efficient, effective and
economic (effect).
Ease of integration and interaction with other forces Sustainability. Mult
ifunction, flexibility, additional capacity.
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EMERGING MILITARY OPERATIONS
Military opns are emerging in the late 20th century (G4G) as a response to compl
ex conflicts, where objects are not necessarily tangible and opponents are regul
ar forces of the warring parties.
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EMERGING TYPES OF OPERATIONS
Peace Opns. Opns in Low Intensity War. Opns Control of Weapons of Mass Des
truction (WMD). Ecological Security Opns. Opns against international terrori
sm.
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PHASES OF A MILITARY CAMPAIGN
PHASE MODEL
JOIN
PHASE 0
Deters
PHASE I
TAKE INITIATIVE
PHASE II
MASTER
PHASE III
STABILIZE
PHASE IV
ENABLE CIVIL AUTHORITY
PHASE V
PREVENT PREPARE FOR THREATS
DEFINING THE THREAT TO ENSURE THE REQUIRED PCR
INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT FOR SECURING FREEDOM OF ACTION TO ENSURE THE RESOURCE MOBI
LIZATION
IMPLEMENT THE USE OF FORCE CAPABILITIES
CONSOLIDATION OF POLITICAL AND MILITARY OBJECTIVES
TRANSFER TO THE CIVIL AUTHORITY DEMOBILIZATION
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STRATEGIC PLAN VS LEVEL OF MILITARY EFFORT
PO LI C IT AS IS AS IS N R IO C IO DC IZA AC NO AC ES TA BIL
LEVEL OF MILITARY EFFORT
STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT
EDUCATION AND TRAINING psychological action ENTO SCENARIO TRAINING AGREEMENT TO
GLOBAL ACTION Deterrents
MILITARY ACTION
STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT
EDUCATION AND TRAINING ENTO
TRAINING, TRAINING AND IMPROVEMENT PLANNING
TRAINING PHASE 0
PHASE I Deters
TAKE INITIATIVE PHASE II
PHASE III MASTER
CIVIL AUTHORITY STABILIZE TRAINING PHASE IV PHASE V PHASE 0
ON PLAN
OFF PLAN
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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OMES
Opponents of considerable technological gap (Strategic Imbalance). Weak Oppo
nent Eno exploits weaknesses priority (Public Opinion and complex legal framewor
k). Weak Opponent is hard to beat for its slow development, invisibility and e
radication difficult. Success depends primarily on the Intelligence and Psycho
logical Opns. Need for Cooperative-Collective Security. The victory is obtai
ned in the moral sphere of society.
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THREATS
CONFLICT THREATENS
Perception of risk that identifies each country in their international relatio
ns and in their own society, endangering their physical integrity (individual an
d society), their resources, assets and / or their national identity (heritage,
culture). It covers various fields of human activity are not permanent vary
with time
ARMED POLITICAL FIGHT WAR
DYNAMIC INTEGRAL EN EN
ECONOMIC WARFARE
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Associated TRADITIONAL THREATS:
The definition of borders. Sovereignty. Self-determination. Recoloniza
tion. Hegemonic.
CONTINENTAL GLOBAL O ES
Axis - Communism - Imperialism
CONTEMPORARY THREATS
Internal
totalitarian ideologies. Drug Trafficking. Poverty, social inequal
ities. Organized crime. Ecological destruction. Natural Phenomena. Corruption.
External
geopolitical ambitions of neighboring countries. economic interests and powe
r. Drug Trafficking. Nuclear tests.
SCENARIOS OF CONTEMPORARY THREATS
ECONOMIC Economic Globalization. Economic Integration. FTA Regional Market
s. Single Currency, consumerism. Prevalence Financial Capital Globalizatio
n Political democracy and human rights. Cutting fundamentalist political ideol
ogies.
MILITARY CULTURE Globalization Culture through U.S. Hegemony of the media.
ADM / WMD. Integration technology.
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EMERGING THREATS
intrastate conflicts (over previous inter-state conflicts.) Migrations (whic
h may promote ethnic and religious conflicts). International terrorism (with a
capacity of unprecedented economic and logistic). Proliferation of weapons of
mass destruction (mainly chemical and bacteriological). environmental degrada
tion (such as the relation of this process with the level of social and economic
development of states.) information warfare, economic warfare, political warf
are. Epidemic diseases (including HIV). Drug Trafficking, Corruption, etc.
Adult population infected with HIV in Africa 1986-2005
20-39% 1986 10-20% 5-10% 1-5% 0-1% No data available Outside the region
1996
1991
2005
• In 2005, an estimated 27 million people living with HIV in Africa.
Source: UNAIDS 2006
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PEACE FORCES OF THE UN
peacekeepers. They are military bodies charged with creating and maintaining
peace in the conflict area, monitor and observe the peaceful processes and assi
st ex-combatants in the implementation of treaties for peaceful purposes. They
work with the UN Security mandate. Council Direct
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PEACE OPERATIONS OF THE UN
UN RESPONSE TO THE CURRENT COMPLEX ENVIRONMENT
• PREVENTIVE DIPLOMACY • ESTABLISHMENT OF PEACE
PEACE OPERATIONS
• peacekeeping • TAXATION OF PEACE BUILDING PEACE •
* PREVENTION
OPERATIONS OF PEACE KEEPING PEACE OPNS
A set of instruments or mechanisms that contribute to support surveillance and
resolve conflicts between hostile countries or communities within a hostile cou
ntry. Effective means to preserve peace and world security.
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ESTABLISHMENT OF A MANTLE OF PEACE OPERATION
ESSENTIAL CONDITIONS
Consent of the parties in conflict. Operation backed by Security Council res
olution of the UN. Voluntary participation by member states of the United Nati
ons to integrate the mission.
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PRINCIPLES OF THE MANTLE OF PEACE OF OPNS
clear and achievable mandate. Consent and cooperation. Unit. Con
tinuous support of UNSC. Minimum use of force. Impartiality and objectivity. Leg
itimacy. Sustained contribution of member states.
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FEATURES OF THE MANTLE OF PEACE OF OPNS
Information Program. Coordination in all fields. Freedom of mo
vement. Self-sufficiency. Minimum use of force. Rules of engagement. Light weapo
ns. Info situation. Using distinctive UN.
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SEQUENCE OF OPERATION OF PEACE
Permanent diplomatic efforts
Start Plmto Security Council Mission
Term of the Security Council
MILITARY SUPPORT
CIVIL SUPPORT
PHASES:
Waiting
Deployment
Maintenance
Term
Signing of Peace Agreement
Success • Absence of conflict. • Law and Order. • Power Transmission peaceful. •
Survival of the political system with free elections. 33
OPNS surge PEACE
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THE 10 COUNTRIES TOP IN PERSONAL CONTRIBUTION
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CLASSIFICATION OF CONFLICT
According to their intensity (University of Leiden, Netherlands).
High-intensity fighting between organized groups or countries that leads to ma
ss killings - more than 1,000 deaths a year - and the displacement of a substant
ial part of the population. Low-intensity war between factions, anti-governmen
t insurgency and / or state repression, with an annual number of deaths from 100
to 1,000. violent political conflict: situations in which the government and
/ or groups using violence for political purposes without register the magnitude
that characterizes the low-intensity conflicts, giving a balance of less than a
hundred deaths a year.
Low Intensity Warfare (*)
Political-military confrontation between states or groups below conventional war
and above the peaceful competition. The GBI often involves protracted struggles
and ideologies and principles developed through a combination of political, eco
nomic, and military information.
* Field Manual 100-20 of the United States Army, Military Operations in Low Inte
nsity Conflict
Asymmetric Warfare
Large-scale armed conflict, where the relationship between the parties involves
a considerable difference of opposing military powers.
NO PART IS WEAK WIN LOSE. LOSES HARD PART IS NOT WIN.
FEATURES Asymmetric Warfare
It takes long time to have an impact on the national or international public o
pinion against the most powerful army. There is a greater number of casualties
in the army weaker, requiring high morale of their fighters. The determinatio
n and unity of the people with the armed forces is the essence of asymmetric con
flict. The unity of political criteria, diplomats and military is essential to
bear the cost of own time low and an asymmetric conflict. No limitations in t
ime and space (No Front, Rear, Action Zone).
Asymmetric warfare ARRANGEMENTS
Guerrilla War (the primary mode). Terrorism (item illegitima
te control). Sabotage (all types). Attacks (ambushes, hand strikes, assault). El
imination of important personalities or characters. Extortion, intimidation and
kidnapping. Chemical and bacteriological warfare. Cyberwarfare. Civil resistance
. Etc.
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Perception
Decision-making is based on the perception (which is formed based on experience,
education, culture, religion, family, country, etc). ... and we all know that "
What you see is what you believe." and "is reality."
43
Sun Tzu "The first warrior Psychological"
"All war is based on deception." The first objective is the mind of the enem
y commander.
Sun Tzu
This is not new, the technology has increased!
DEFINITION
Actions taken to alter the information and information systems of the adversary,
while protecting information and information systems themselves. "
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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GI
It covers the entire spectrum of conflict. (Cooperation, crisis and post-belli
gerence and war.) It is applicable over time. (Even when distended). It cove
rs areas covering the whole society. (Military, technological, economic, politic
al, social, religious, ideological, etc.).. It covers all levels of the organi
zation. (From the individual to global structures, organizations, statements, et
c.)..
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BACKGROUND
War I, German gas attack against French troops (Battlefield of Ypres in 1915).
Guernica, Spain 1937. Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1945 Cold War. Iraqi Disarma
ment 2003 2002 and Invasion UN Resolution 687 ("threat to peace and security
").
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DEFINITION
Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD English, weapons of mass destruction). They are
weapons designed to kill many people indiscriminately.
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Nuclear Testing
United States: 1,050 tests (1,125 devices, 331 atmospheric tests) Soviet Union:
between 715 and France 969 tests: 210 tests United Kingdom: 45 tests China: 45 t
ests India: between 5 and 6 tests Pakistan: between 3 and 6 tests North Korea: 1
test
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POSSESSION OF A.D.M.
Nuclear Weapons: U.S., Russia, Israel, Pakistan, India, China
-nuclear countries: USA, UK, Russia, France, Israel, China, India and Pakistan.
Chemical weapons: United States, Russia, Libya, Egypt, Syria, Iraq, North Kore
a, India. biological weapons: Iraq.
POSSESSION OF A PROBABLE D. M.
Chemical weapons: Israel, China, Iran, terrorist groups. bacteriological wea
pons: Russia, Israel, China, Iran, terrorist groups. Nuclear weapons, North Ko
rea, terrorist groups. In the twenty century in developing countries may have
chemical weapons, ten countries have biological weapons and more than fifteen ma
y have ballistic missiles capable of carrying nuclear weapons.
OTHER WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION
Anti-personnel mines. Cluster bombs. depleted uranium ammunition.
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TREATIES
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Biological Weapons Convention. Chemical
Weapons Convention.
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DEFINITION
"It's the actual use or threat to use violence for political ends is directed no
t only against individual victims but against larger groups and that its scope o
ften transcends national boundaries."
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DEFINITION
criminal action is an essential feature the use of violent means against indiv
iduals, institutions or communities and which are intended to frighten away, phy
sically damage or kill political opponents, social, religious or enemy nation, s
o as to achieve objectives. further.
FEATURES
INTERNATIONALIZATION Its unpredictability. It is indirect. disproportion b
etween the objective or desired ends and the means used. It is indiscriminate.
Increased involvement of military, ex - military, and transnational members o
f the intelligence services. Technology has increased the threat. Opera outs
ide the codes of social conduct.
INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC TERRORISM
Al-Qaeda terrorist organization that supports activities of Islamic extremists
around the world. Its founder, leader and largest contributor is Osama Bin Lade
n, a Saudi-born billionaire.
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TERRORISM IN SOUTH AMERICA
FARC-EP (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia-People's Army) The guerrilla g
roup is an integrated professional army almost approximately 12.000 to 20.000 fi
ghters
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TERRORISM IN SPAIN
ETA Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (in Spanish, Basque Homeland and Freedom) and Basque
nationalist self-declared independence, Marxist-Leninist ideology, which relies
on the armed struggle as a method to obtain its fundamental objectives in which
a priority is the independence of Basque nationalism that called Euskal Herria.
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The 4th Generation of War is a complex scenario for the Use of Military Force
(new role of the Armed Forces). The strategic objective in the G4G is the Comp
any. The OMES are in response to emerging threats. The OMES are based on the
strategic imbalance. Threats to the State are for total. The Information is
an instrument of power. The proliferation of WMD and their association with i
nternational terrorism is a global threat (cooperative-collective security). T
he United Nations is a supranational body that mitigates the disruption of the i
nternational system. The transnational nature of threats presents a complex sc
enario for National Defense and demand the gradual transformation and integratio
n capabilities for the Defence.
THE COUNTRY IN GOOD HANDS
BY HIS GRACE AS IO N NC ATE
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LEONARDO INF CRL LÓPEZ LONGA

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