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Cambodia remains one of the poorest countries in the Rural communities in Cambodia have been coping with
world and is faced with numerous challenges in financing, disasters in their own ways for centuries and strengthening
implementing its development, disaster prevention and those traditional coping mechanisms is an efficient and
mitigation. Due to its geographical location Cambodia is effective way of mitigating risks and improving disaster
one of the most disaster-prone countries in Southeast Asia. preparedness.
Natural disasters such as floods along the Mekong River
basin caused by monsoon and paddy fields damage by Oxfam, an international NGO with a mission to serve
drought have always had a role in shaping the livelihood of families in the poorest communities, is both a relief and
millions in the country. development agency. Oxfam is committed to addressing
the underlying causes and effects of poverty and vulner-
In 1997 the European Commissions Humanitarian Aid ability and, therefore within its emergency mandate, is
Office Programme for Disaster Prevention, Mitigation committed to disaster preparedness and mitigation.
and Preparedness (DIPECHO) published a diagnostic for
Cambodia recommending that the promotion of community-
based approaches to risk reduction as an effective
solution to managing disasters.
1
Disaster Risk Reduction programme
kmviFIkat;bnyeRKaHmhnray
Oxfam is working to build a wider institutional culture for Oxfams approach aims to:
disaster management, community preparedness and
disaster response. The key emphasis is on capacity build- Enhance the capacity of Cambodian NGOs to respond
ing and community participation, disaster preparedness to emergencies
and response training at community and institutional Promote village emergency preparedness;
levels, and mitigation activities to limit the effects of drought Strengthen livelihoods of those most vulnerable in
and flood on food security. each community to improve their resilience to
disaster
In June 1999 the Oxfam International alliance made up of Monitor emergencies through communication and net-
eight Oxfam affiliates implemented a Disaster Risk Reduc- working
tion programme in Cambodia. The purpose was to develop Increase institutional understanding of Disaster Risk
the organisations emergency preparedness and response Reduction through Cambodias National Committee
as well as support local stakeholders in responding to for Disaster Management (NCDM).
emergencies and natural disasters at the national level.
2
Disasters Affecting Cambodia
eRKaHmhnrayeFIV[b:HBal;dl;km<Ca
population affected by drought * population affected by flood *
Drought: Flooding
The monsoon rainfall pattern consists of two peaks Flooding is both an important aspect of agricultural production
with a series of irregular dry patches, which may and also the source of great devastation. Every year the
last for three weeks or more. Dry patches during wet Mekong River rises as a result of heavy rains in the Upper
season are known as drought. Crops can suffer from Mekong region. The river overflows into the Tonle Sap Lake,
these droughts if no source of supplementary irrigation increasing its surface area to four times its normal size, which
is available. In recent years, Cambodia has suffered directly floods the surrounding provinces. The Mekong River
from prolonged drought lasting more than a month also floods its banks routinely during the wet season, covering
caused by an imbalance in the distribution monsoon the land on each side of the river in up to four metres of water.
rainfall.
eRKaHraMg karCn;lic
lMnaMePgxl;ms U gu manBIrcMNcu FM EdlGmedayRkumkUn karCn;lci KWCaktadsxM an;my
Y TaMgsMrab;plitkmk sikm nigkdcU Ca
rdUvR)aMgxusFmtamYyRkumEdlGacmanryeBl 3 s)ah_ RbPBnkarbMpci bMpa jdsem,ImpgEdr . erogral;qa M TenemKgEtgEt
beRcInCagenH . kUnrdUvR)aMgkg kMLg rdUvvsSaRtUv)aneKsal; eLIgedaysarEtlTplnTwkePgdeRcInsnkw snab;enAtMbn;TenemKg
faCardUvraMg . RbsinebImni manRbPBFarasaRspt p; g N ; a Eb:kxagelI . TenenHhUrcak;cl U mkTensabedayekIneLIgrhUt
mYyeTenaH dMNaMGacTTYlrgkarxUcedaysarkUnrdUvR)aMgTaMg dl;bnY dgnbrimaNTwkFmtarbs;xn EdlbegtI [manTwkCMnn;
enH. b:nu a nqafM I enH RbeTskm<C a)anTTYlrgeRKaHedaysar dl;extnanaenACMvu j i edaypal; . TenemKgkE tgEtCn;lci RcaMg
EteRKaHraMg EdlGUsbnayeBlyUrCag 1 Ex bNale rbs;xn Cajwkjab;pgEdrkg kMLg rdUvvsSaedayRKbdNbe; lIpdI
dayGtulPaBenAkg karEckcayTwkePgxl;ms U gu . enAEb:knimy
Y nTenrhUtdl;mankMBs;Tkw 4Em:Rt .
* Source : NCDM, August 2002
3
Flash flooding usually occurs as a result of intense localised Erosion causes significant economic losses and exacer-
rainfall during slow moving storms. Flooding of any kind bates vulnerability by reducing the fertility of the land,
affects water purity and increases the chances of diseases often in prime agricultural areas. Another serious effect of
among people and livestock, as well as destroying crops, erosion is the siltation of the Tonle Sap, which is becoming
homes and buildings. increasingly shallow.
4
Irregular Disasters Caused by Climate Change
eRKaHmhnraydTeTot bNaledaykarERbRbYlGakasFatu
The natural patterns of drought and flood, although unpreventable, have always been relatively predictable. However,
during the past two decades, the seasonal cycle has been altered and exacerbated by man-made interventions, from
unsustainable logging and large dams construction along the Mekong River.
A significant shift has now been noted In 2000, flooding in Cambodia was
between summer and winter rains, causing problems for reported to be the worst in 40 years.
farmers. Prolonged dry spells have had a negative effect More than 350 people died and 3.2 million were affected.
on agriculture and changed the salinity of watercourses, Two years later (2002) a serious drought damaged 62,702
damaging aquaculture. hectares of rice plantations affecting more than 2 million
people in eight provinces.
During the past decade there seems to be a steady decline
in annual rainfall totals, increasing the risk of droughts. The Asia Conference on Disaster Reduction in February
At the same time, there have been increased numbers of 2004 acknowledged that the rise in average temperatures
intense rainstorms. caused by global-warming, would potentially result in an
increasingly short cycle of flood and drought in Cambodia.
The current cycle that has persisted since 2000.
Number of People
Disaster Year
Killed Affected
Flood 1991 100 900,000
Flood 1994 506 -
Famine 1995 - 2,500,000
Flood 1996 59 1,310,000
Famine 1996 - 2,500,000
Famine 1998 - 900,000
Flood 2000 347 3,448,053
Flood 2001 56 1,669,182
Flood 2002 29 1,470,000
Drought 2002 - 650,000
Flood 2005 16 -
Drought 2005 - 600,000
EM_DAT1 Disaster Profile for Cambodia
5
tamlMnaMFmCatirbs;eRKaHraMg nigTwkCMnn; eTaHbICaminGackar enAqaM 2000 karCn;lci enA kg RbeTskm<C a RtUv)aneKraykarN_
Bar)ankeday kEtgEtGacBakrN_)anEdr . eTaHbIya: gNa fa mansPaBGaRkk;Cag 40qaM kngmk . RbCaCnCag 350
keday kg kMLg eBlBIrTsvtSr_mkenH karryevlanrdUv)an nak;)ansab; nig 3>2 lannak;)anTTYlrgplb:HBal; . BIrqaM
ERbRbYl nigkan;Et redaysarEtTegVnI anarbs;mnusSCati tam eRkaymkeTot (2002) eRKaHraMg d rmYy )anbMpa jnUv
rykarkab;eQIedayKannirnrPaB nigkarksagTMnb;FM tam dIERscMnnY 62>702 hicta edayb:HBal;RbCaCncMnnY Cag 2lan
beNayTenemKg. nak;enAkg extcnM nY 8 .
\LvenH karERbRbYldsxM an;my
Y RtUv)aneKkt;cN
M aM rvagePgrdUv enAkg Exkum qaM 2004 sns i Ti G asIs
u BI kI arkat;bnyeRKaH
ekAnigrdUvrgar edaybNal[manbBaananadl;ksikr . mhnray)anTTYlsal;fa karekIneLIgenAsItu N u P aBCamFm
ryeBlraMg Edl)anGUsbnayeBlyUr)anCH\TiBlCa EdlbNaledaykMedAEpndI nwgbNal[ryevlaneRKaHTwk
GviCm andl;ksikm nig)aneFI[ V ERbRbYlnUvPaBRbnpv Twknana CMnn;ngi raMg kan;EtxeI TARbkbedayskdanuBlenAkg RbeTs
edaykarbMpa jnUvClvb,km . km<C a . ryevlabcb ,nenHmanmktaMgBIqa M 2000 .
kg kMLg TsvtSr_kngmkenH TMngdUcCamankarfycuHCaRbcaMnvU
cMnnY srubnTwkePgRbcaMqa M edayekIneLIgnUveRKaHraMgsteTAvij .
CamYyKaenHEdrkmankarekIneLIgnUvBHePgdFn;FrmYycMnnY .
6
Change Affecting Agriculture
karERbRbYlb:HBal;dl;ksikm
7
Drought Area Case Study karsikSaenAtMbn;eRKaHraMgst
An Oxfam study of the relationship between climate and karsikSamYyrbs;GgkarGuksVamsBI TI nM ak;TnM grvagGakasFatu
agriculture yield over the past ten years (1996 2006) in nigdIksikmCagdb;qa kM ngmkenH (1996-2006) enAkg tMbn;
the drought prone area of Romeas Hek District, Svay Rieng EdleBareBjedayeRKaHraMgstrbs;RsukrmasEhk extsaV yerog
Province has shown that since 1998 every year has been )anbgajfa cab;taMgBIqa 1M 998mk erogral;qa KM CW aqaEM dlraMgst
a drought year, with the exception of 2003. In the past, the
drought cycle lasted anywhere from three to twelve years.
elIkElgEtqa2M 003ecj . eBlkngmk ryevlaraMgst )a
As a result, rice production has significantly decreased nGUsbnayeBlRKb;kEngBI3qaeM TA12qaM . CalTplplitkm
from 1300-1400 kilogrammes of rice per hectare per yield RsUv)anFak;cHu CaKMhku BI 1300-1400 K>k RsUvkg 1 h>t
to only 200 700 kilogrammes. This is not enough for a mkenARtwm 200-700 K>k . cMnnY enHvaminRKb;RKan;srM ab;RKYsar
family to live on let alone sell. mYyedIm,Ibnrs;)aneT .
8
Because of the fertility of the soil, the areas around the edaysarEtPaBsMbrU CIvCatindItbM n;nanaenACMvu j
i Tensab tamny
Tonle Sap (literally translated as the fresh water lake) nBakRtUv)aneKbkERbfaCa nigtambeNayTeneKgRtUv)aneKcat;
and along the Mekong River are considered the countrys TukfaCaCRgukRsUvrbs;RbeTs . eTaHy:agNakeday plitkmRsUv
rice baskets. Rice production, however, remains family-
based subsistence farming, relying principally on family
enAEtCarbrksikmlkNRKYsar edayBwkEpkCaeKalkarN_
labour and, as such has low capital and technological
EtelIkmagM BlkmRKYsar ehIyehtudeU cH manplTun nig Tinp l
inputs. The average landholding per farmer is estimated EbbbeckviTaTab . karRKb;RKgdICamFmkg ksikrmak; manRb-
at 2-3 hectares, with 70% used for wet-rice cultivation. maN 2-3 h>t edayman 70 PaKry RtUv)aneRbIR)as;
In addition to low access to fertiliser and appropriate seeds, edIm,IkardaMdHu RsUvrdUvvsSa . bEnmBIelIkarTTYl)andtci tYcnUvCIr
water shortage, and innovative technologies, the small- nigBUCRsUvdsmRsb karxVHTwk nig beckviTaEbbqRbDit cMnnY
ness of the paddy size accounts partly for the relatively low
average yield of 1-1.5 tons per hectare. In managed
tictYcnTMhdM EI Rs CaEpkmYybNal[manTinp lCamFmTab
conditions, the average yield can reach 3 tons per hectare.
edayTTYl)anRbmaN 1-1>5 etan kg 1 h>t . eyageTAtam
lkxNEdlTTYlkarRKb;RKgnana dIERsCamFmGacTTYl)an 3
etankg 1 h>t .
Poverty and Vulnerability to
Disasters
PaBRkIRk nig PaBgayrgeRKaHcMeBaHeRKaHmhnray
Cambodias high level of poverty compounds the risks for
the most vulnerable. Few can afford to build up reserves kMrti dxs
< ; nPaBRkIRkrbs;RbeTskm<C abegtI [maneRKaHfaks
; rM ab;
of food, cash savings and other coping mitigation mecha- GkEdlgayrgeRKaHbMptu . mnusSmYycMnnY GacllkrkSaes,og
nisms. snSMR)ak; nigksagynkarkat;bnyeRKaHfak;d TeTot .
High levels of debt, most often incurred to meet health
emergencies, reduce the ability to mobilise during a dis-
kMrti x<s; nbMNl u Cajwkjab;RtUv)aneKbuledIm,Ieqy
I tbcMeBaHPaB
aster, and recover afterwards. Interest rates are high bnan;EpksuxPaB kat;bnynUvlTPaBeRbIR)as; kg kMLg eBlman
and relief measures are sometimes diverted to pay eRKaHmhnray nig kareFI[ V FUres,IyeLIgvijCabnbnab; . GRta
creditors. karR)ak;xs < n; gi sMBaFseRgaH eBlxHRtUv)aneKbMElgedIm,Isgmas;
bMNl u .
Poverty is also a source of malnutrition. People suffering
from malnutrition often do not have the physical reserves
of strength or immunity to cope with the secondary effects of
PaBRkIRkkCaRbPBnkarxVHGaharUbtmp gEdr . RbCaCnEdlrg
water-borne diseases.
eRKaHedaysarkarxVHGaharUbtm Cajwkjab;mni mankmagM BlMmaMmnY
bPaBsaMnanaedIm,ITb;Tl;CamYyplb:HBal;bnab;bnSMnanaEdl
ekIteLIgBICmWqg tamryTwk .
9
Pilot Project : Tako Province
KMeragsakl,g exttaEkv
10
Cambodia, a Land of many Widows
Oxfams work improving the lives of those living in Tako province
RbeTskm<Ca> TwkdIEdlmanRsIemm:ayeRcIn
kargarrbs;GgkarGuksVam KWkarEklMGCIvitrs;enArbs;Gkrs;enAkgexttaEkv
Life for Ouch Bopha, a single mother of seven, has always and 2001 her family could not grow rice at all because of
been difficult to predict with any reasonable degree of the unprecedented amount of flood, which she said no one
accuracy. Like many Cambodian women who lost their had experienced before.
husbands during the fall out of the Khmer Rouge regime,
Mrs Bopha has had to take sole responsibility of her In 2003 Oxfam implemented a community-based disaster
family. risk management programme in 13 of the most remote
and vulnerable villages in Tako province with the aim to
After the fighting stopped in 1998, a large population of minimise the impact of natural disasters on the food
men had been killed and thousands of Cambodian women, security and livelihoods of women and men in these areas.
particularly widows, found themselves as the head of the
household, a role which they were traditionally not accus- Through its local partner - Chamroen Chiet Khmer (CCK)
tomed to. Oxfam provided training and capacity building on flood
preparedness, hygiene and gender sensitive issues to
Mrs Bopha, 47, was widowed when her husband, a soldier, a Village Committee for Disaster Management (VCDM)
was killed during fighting in the Khmer Rouge controlled which in turn transfers the information to the community.
areas. Mrs Bopha and her teenage son, Chea, have had
to work the fields and grow rice to keep afloat the family The VCDM, through a transparent selection process, also
without the support of another adult. provided boats, fishing nets and repaired homes to those
families who needed the assistance most.
Chey Chok district, in Tako province, where Mrs Bopha
and her children live, is located on the lower Mekong Delta, Oxfam repaired Mrs Bophas home as well as raised
a usually flooded plain where rice cultivation can only be her homestead to avoid the floods. Her family was also
done within a few months of the year, when the land is not provided a boat and some fishing nets. Now, I dont have
submerged. People resort to fishing and collecting water to worry about fixing the house anymore. I have time to fish
plants, such as Morning Glory, to make ends meet. especially with a boat I can catch more fish to eat as well
as sell, she said.
We (my son and I) do not have a man to help us plow the
soil and clear the land in time to plant enough During the floods, Mrs Bopha now also goes out every-
rice for consumption let alone sell day on her boat to collect morning glory to sell across the
during the short period of time, Vietnamese boarder.
said Mrs Bopha.
My son cuts the stems and collects the morning glory
When it floods, I have to spend while I do the paddling. We have to finish before midday
most of the time taking apart in order to make it cross the Vietnamese border and back
the bamboo floor of my home before the strong winds come in the evening but it is worth
and raising it to cope with the in- doing it, she said.
creasing water level so I have
no time to find food or Mrs Bopha is able to earn around 20,000 riel or five US
go fishing, said dollars by selling the water plant. The boat has helped
Mrs Bopha. the communities tremendously. By selling fish and morn-
ing glory alone, people who are part of the programme are
Mrs Bopha said earning enough money to finally be able to reclaim their
that in 2000 lives, said Un Sokrit, Oxfams Flood Programme Officer.
CIvti rbs;elakRsIGcY bu)a EdlCamatamYyrUbmankUn 7 nak; Etg
EtCYbRbTHnUvkarlM)ak;Canick g kar)a:nR; bmaNnUvkMrti ntMrvU kar
dCak;lak;smehtuNamYyenaH . dUcRskI m<C aCaeRcIneTotEdl)an
)at;bg;brI bs;xn kg rbbExrRkhm elakRsIb)u a)anedIrtYnaTITTYl
xusRtUvcMeBaHRKYsarrbs;elakRsI .
bnab;BkI arvayRbyuTK a RtUv)anbBabe; nAqaM 1998 cMnnY mnusSRbus
deRcInsnkw snab;RtUv)aneKsmab; nig RskI m<C arab;Ban;nak; CaBiess
RseI mm:ay )anemIleXIjxn gfaCaemRKYsar CatYnaTImy Y EdlBYk
eKminFab;CbY RbTH tamRbBNITal;EtesaH .
elakRsIb)u aEdlmanGayu 47 qaM )anFak;xn CaRseI mm:ayenAeBl
EdlbeI lakRsICaTahanmYyrUb RtUv)aneKsmab;kg kMLg eBlvay
RbyuTK a enAkg tMbn;nanaEdlRKb;RKgedayExrRkhm .
elakRsIb)u a nigkUnRbusvyCMTg;rbs;elakRsIeQaH Ca RtUvEt
eFIkV arenAvalERs nigdaMRsUv edIm,ICy
Y RKYsar xNeBlEdlminman
kUnCMTg;d TeTotCYy . elakRsIb)u a )anmanRbsasn_fa eyIg kUnRbus nig minman
mnusSRbusNamak; edIm,ICy
Y Pr ras;dI nig sMGatdI[Tan;eBlevla
RsukCyeCaK enAexttaEkv EdlCaTIkEngelakRsIb)u a nigkUn edIm,IdaMRsUv[)anRKb;RKan; sMrab;karhUbcuk eRkAEtBIxn g kg kMLg
rbs;elakRsIrs;enA manTItaMgenAdIsNrTMnabTenemKgCatMbn; ryeBldxeI nHeT .
12
tamryGgkardKUrbs;xn eQaHcMerInCnCatiExr (CCK) Ggkar \LvenH kg kMLg eBlTwkCMnn; elakRsIb)u ake cjTUkrbs;elak
GuksVam)anplk; arbNH bNalnigkarksagsmtPaBsBI kI ar RsICaerogral; edIm,IebHRtkYnykeTAlk;enARBMEdnevotNam .
karBarTwkCMnn; bBaaGnamy nigbBaayl;dgw Tak;TgEynDr
dl;KNkmaFikarPUmi RKb;RKgeRKaHmhnray (VCDM) Edl elakRsI)anmanRbsasn_fa kUnRbusrbs;nagkab;eQI nigebH
nwgeprbnnvU cMeNHdwgenHdl;shKmn_ . RtkYnxNeBlenaHnagGMTu kU . eyIgRtUvEt bBabe; nAmun Rtg;
edIm,IykeTAlk;enARBMEdnevotNamehIyRtUvRtLb;mkvijmunxl;
tamrydMeNIrkareRCIserIsRbkbedaytmaPaBmYy KNkmaFikar xagM mkdl;naeBllac b:Eu nvaBi)aknwgeFIN V as; .
VCDM enHk)anpln ; vU TUk mg nig)anCYy CYsCulpHdl;RKYsar
EdlRtUvkarCMnyY bMptu . elakRsIb)u aGacrkR)ak;cN M l
U )anRbEhl 20>000 erol b R)aM
dula rGaemrik edaysarkarlk;nvU rukC atiEdlduHkg Twk . elak Gnu
GgkarGuksVam)anCYyCYsCulpHrbs;elakRsIb)u akd cU Ca)anCYy suRkit mRnkI mvFi eI s,grbs;Gku sVam)anmanRbsasn_fa TUk)an
RkIbpHrbs;elakRsIeLIg edIm,I[putBITkw CMnn; . RKYsarrbs; CYyshKmn_ya: geRcIn . edaykarlk;RtIngi edImRtkYnEtmYymux
elakRsI kRtUv)anGgkarplC; nU TUk nig mgmYycMnyY pgEdr . RbCaCnEdlCaEpknkmvFi eI nHGacrkR)ak;cN M l U )anRKb;RKan;
elakRsI)anmanRbsasn_fa \LvenHmincaM)ac;RBYyBIkarCYsCul edIm,IbnCvI ti rs;enArbs;BkY eK .
pHteTAeToteT . maneBlevlaedIm,IrkRtI CaBiessCamYyTUkmYy
GacrkRtI)aneRcIn edIm,ITTYlTan kdcU CasMrab;lk;pgEdr .
13
Kampong
Chhnang Kampong Cham
Tako Tako
Kampot vietnam
vietnam
14
Working in the Most Affected eFIVkarenARsukEdlmanplb:HBal;bMput
Districts
When higher water levels last too long, there is not only enAeBlEdlkMrti Twkx<sG; s
U bnayeBlyUreBk minRtwmEtmankar
damage to the houses, roads and irrigation canals but xUcxatpHsEm,g pv RbLayFarasaRsbe:u NaHeT EtEfmTaMgman
also to rice production, as paddies are left submerged and karxUcxatdl;plitkmRsUvpgEdr xNeBlEdlvalERsCn;lci
unavailable for planting.
nigminGacdaMdHu )an .
The strain of having to pick themselves up and start over
again and again makes it difficult for people to equip them- eTaHy:agNakeday karTTYlrgeRKaHCabnbnab;ngi karBayam
selves with the basic essentials they need to keep their egIbeLIgvijmgehIymgeTot eFI[
V RbCaCnmankarlM)akkg karTTYl
families afloat. )anmkvijnUvGVEI dlCatMrvU kardcaM)ac;EdlBYkeKRtUvkaredIm,Ipt ;
pgR; KYsarrbs;BkY eK .
Oxfam came to help the people
live with floods. Oxfam implemented the GgkarGuksVammkCYyRbCaCn rs;enACamYyTwkCMnn; . Ggkar
project through local partner Chamroen Chiet Khmer, the GuksVam)anRbtibtki arnUvKMeragtamrydKUkg Rsuk GgkarcMerIn
National Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM) CatiExr KNkmaFikarCatiRKb;RKgeRKaHmhnray (NCDM) nig
and the Provincial Committee for Disaster Management
(PCDM) in the districts of Borey Chulasar, Kampong
KNkmaFikarextTTYlbnk karRKb;RKgeRKaHmhnray (PCDM)
Krasaing, Prey Yithkar and Chey Chok. These four districts enARsukburCI lsar kMBg;RksaMg RByitk ar nigRsuk CyeCaK .
suffered from severe floods in the years 2000 2002 when RsukTaMg4enHrgeRKaHedaysarTwkCMnn;d renAqaM 2000-2002
many farmers found it difficult to cultivate rice at all, leaving xNeBlEdlmanksikrCaeRcInCYbRbTHkarlM)akminGacdaMdHu
them with no food or income. RsUv)anTal;EtesaH edayeFI[ V BYkeKminmanes,gnigR)ak;cN
M l
U .
In 2003, the Tako Project took shape focusing on flood
risk reduction activities in 13 of the most remote and vul-
enAqaM 2003 KMeragenAexttaEkv)anepatGarmNx_ a gM elIskmPaB
nerable villages.
kat;bnyeRKaHTwkCMnn; enAPUmci nM nY 13 kg cMeNamPUmdi ac;Rsyal
niggayrgeRKaHbMptu .
15
Ses Vong Sambath Programme Coordinator for
Chamroen Chiet Khmer (CCK) explains
how community-based disaster
management was implemented in Tako
elak ess vgSsm,ti RbFansMrbsMrl
Y kmvFi rI bs;Ggkar cMerInCatiExr
(CCK )Bnl;BI mUlehtuEdlKMeragRKb;RKgeRKaHmhnrayfak;ml U dan
RtUv)anGnuvtenAexttaEkv
It was in the year 2000, during the flood crisis, that Oxfam
started working in Tako by providing emergency relief in
the form of plastic sheets, buckets, kitchen kits, seeds and
food to those affected, said Ses Vong Sambath, programme
coordinator for CCK in Tako. Those who survived the
elak ess vgSsm,ti RbFansMrbsMrl Y kmvFi rI bs; CCK RbcaM
disaster were on the verge of collapse because many lived enAexttaEkv)anmanRbsasn_fa kg kMLg eBlmanvibtTi kw CMnn;
below the poverty line and had little capacity to recover. enAkg qaM 2000 GgkarGuksVam)ancab;epmI kagarenAexttaEkv
edaykarpln; vU CMny
Y seRgaHbnan;rmY man fg;)askI Fug Rbdab;
Almost every year since the great floods, every monsoon RbdapH)ay BUC es,gdl;Gk Edl)anrgeRKaHTaMgenaH . GkEdl
season the water rises to alarmingly high levels and any
chance of a recovery were washed away with the floods,
rs;enACYbRbTHeRKaHmhnrayesrI EtdYlrlMeTAehIy edaysarEt
said Mr.Sambath.
RbCaCnCaeRcInrs;enAeRkambnat;RkIRk nig mansmtPaBtictYc
edIm,Ivli mkrkPaBedImvij .
In an effort to empower people to live and cope with
disasters, Oxfam together with CCK implemented a elak sm,ti )anmanRbsasn_fa esrI Eterogral;qa M cab;taMgBI
programme based on the needs of the community. maneRKaHTwkCMnn;FM mk erogral;rdUvxl;ms
U gu TwkEtgEteLIgy:ag
Out of the 13 Villages, 416 families were chosen by the
xagM dl;krM ti x<s; ehIrral;kasNamYynkarvilmkrkPaBedImvij
villagers themselves on the basis of their economic
RtUv)ane)aHsMGateTACamYyTwkCMnn; .
situation and needs, such as female-headed house-
holds where the husbands were unable to work or the enAkg kicR bwgERbgedIm,IeFV[
I RbCaCnGacrs;enATb;Tl;)anCamYy
women were widowed eRKaHmhnray GgkarGuksVam rYmCamYyGgkar CCK )anRbtibtki ar
nUvkmvFi mI y
Y edayEpkelItrM vU karnanarbs;shKmn_ .
With the help of Oxfam, when
the floods are back the kg cMeNamPUmi 13enH RKYsarcMnnY 416 RtUv)aneRCIserIseday
community might sleep easier GkPUmxi n g edayEpkelIml
U dannsanPaB nigtMrvU karesdkci
knowing that they are better rbs;BkY eK dUcCaRKYsarEdldwknaMedayRsI xNeBlbmI ni GaceFIV
prepared said Mr Sambath. kar)an b RseI mm:ay .
elaksm,ti)anniyayfa {edaymankarCYyrbs; elaksm,ti )anmanRbsasn_fa CamYyCMny Y rbs;Ggkar GuksVam
GgkarGuksVam shKmn_Gacedk)anRsYlCagmun enAeBlmanTwkCMnn;mg shKmn_GaceKglk;RsYlCagmuneday
edaydwgfaBYkeK)anerobcMlCagmunenAeBlTwkCMn sarEtdwgfaBYkeKmankarRbugeRboberobcM)anl .
n;eLIgmkmgeTot} .
16
What the Community Wanted
CRmrkGVIEdlshKmn_cg;)anVI
Shelter:
TICMrk
17
Means of Making a Living: Training and Safety:
meFa)aynkarrs;enA karbNHbNal nig suvtiPaB
During the floods the only way of earning income is through Safety was made a top priority. Life jackets, water jars and
fishing and collecting morning glory. However, armed with water filters for safe drinking were distributed. The villagers
simple fishing rods and broken-down boats, it is difficult also received training in:
to earn substantial income for an individual let alone the x First aid and public health education
family. Oxfam and CCK has helped provide families with x The importance of saving firewood which could be
boats, fishing nets, as well as vegetable seeds and pots so used to heat water for purification
that families can grow vegetables when flood waters prevent x Gender equality within the family.
ground-level planting.
18
in order to inject money into the
community, we helped them to develop
sustainable livelihoods through
Cash-for-Work schemes, such as
house construction, boat building and
raising homesteads.
edIm,Idak;ly
u cUleTAkg shKmn_ eyIg)anCYyBYkeKedIm,I
GPivDnUvkarrs;enARbkbedaynirnrPaB tamryKMeragnana
EdleRbIly u sMrab;kargar dUcCakarksagpH kareFVTI kU nig
karelIkpH .
Total Distribution 2003 2006
karEbgEcksrubsMrab;qaM 2003-2006
Houses Repaired 60 Trees 75
pHRtUv)anCYsCul (Planted to prevent
Water Jars 81 soil erosion)
BagTwk kUneQI
Water Filters 395 (daMkarBarkarhUreRcaHdI
FugcMeraHTwksat Bamboo 75
Latrines 10 (Planted to serve as source
bgnG; namy for building material)
Boats Distributed 195 bJsSI (daMTku eFVCI asMParsagsg;
TUkRtUv)anplC; nU Homesteads Raised 150
Fishing Nets 395 pHRtUv)ansagsg
mgensaT
Rain water containment ponds
Plant Pots 126 (both to provide earth for homestead raising
epIgdMNaM and to serve as water source during the dry
Seed Kits 150 months)
RKab;BCU dMNaM RsHdMkl;Tkw ePg
(plT
; aMgdIsrM ab;sg;pH nigsMrab;eFVCI aRbPBTwkeRbIR)as;enAExR)aMg
19
The Community: A Pillar of Strength
shKmn_ kMlaMgssrRTUg
20
The Community: A Pillar of Strength
shKmn_ kMlaMgssrRTUg
How We Work
rebobnkareFVIkar
The Royal Government of Cambodia established a raCrdaPi)alkm<C a)anbegtI KNkmaFikarCatiRKb;RKg
National Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM) in eRKaHmhnray (NCDM) kg qa1M 995 edaymaneKal
1995 with the purpose of supporting: bMNgKaMRT
1. Capacity building on disaster management for govern-
ment officials at the Provincial, district, commune and 1- karksagsmtPaBsBI kI arRKb;RKgeRKaHmhnraydl;mRnI
village levels. raCrdaPi)alfak;ext Rsuk XuM nigfak;PmU i
2. Emergency relief assistance, mobilisation of resources 2- plC; nM y
Y seRgaHbnan; karRbmUlnUvFnFansMParepSg
and provision of relief goods to affected people. nigkarplC; nM y
Y seRgaHepSg dl;RbCaCnrgeRKaH
3. Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction 3- kmviFIkat;bnyeRKaHmhnrayfak;shKmn_kgkic
programmes in collaboration with international and
local non-governmental organisations.
shRbtibtikarCamYyGgkarminEmnrdaPi)alCatinig
GnrCati .
21
Ministry of Rural National CDM Ministry of Interior
Development KNkmaFikarCatiRKb;RKgeRKaH
RksYgGPivDn_CnbT RksYgmhap
mhnray
Provincial CDM
KNkmaFikarextRKb;RKgeRKaHmhnray
District CDM
KNkmaFikarRsukRKb;RKgeRKaHmhnray
Commune Council
RkumRbwkSaXuM sgat;
Commune CDM
KNkmaFikarXuRM Kb;RKgeRKaHmhnray
VDC Village Chief
KNkmkarGPivDn_PmU i RbFanPUmi
VCDM
KNkmaFikarPUmRi Kb;RKgeRKaHmhnray
Oxfams CBDRR projects are implemented through local KMerag CBDRR rbs;GgkarGuksVamRtUv)anGnuvttamryHGgkar
partners and the various levels of the governments NCDM dKUkg Rsuknana nigtamryKMerag NCDM RKb;ldM ab;rbs;raC
project. Each of Oxfams provincial project team is made rdP)i al . RkumkargarKMeragfak;extnmI yY rbs;GgkarGuksVam
up of local NGO staff, officials from the National-CDM and
Provincial-CDM and one Oxfam staff. The project team
RtUv)anbegIt eLIgedaymanbuKl ki GgkarminEmnrdaPi)alkg
works to support the capacities and coping strategies of Rsuk mRnmI kBIKNkmaFikarCatiRKb;RKgeRKaHmhnray KN
local communities. The villages themselves carry out most kmaFikarextRKb;RKgeRKaHmhnray nigbuKl ki mak;rbs;Ggkar
activities, including village mobilising, beneficiary selection, GuksVam . Rkumkargarrbs;KeM ragbMeBjkargarKaMRTelIsmtPaB
and the creation of a village action plan. nigyuTs aRsedaHRsaysMrab;shKmn_ml U dan.bNaPUmTi aMgLay
xn eKpal; CaGkGnuvtnvU skmPaBPaKeRcInbMptu edayrYmbBal
The Oxfam Great Britain head office in Phnom Penh
provides technical support and training to both partners
TaMgkarcgRkgPUmi kareRCIserIsGkTTYlpl nigkarksagEpnkar
and local government. skmPaBPUmi .
kariyalykNalrbs;GgkarGuksVamcRkPBGg;eKsenATIRkug
PeM Bj pln; vU karKaMRTxagbeckeTs nigkarbNH bNaleTAdl;
TaMgGgkardKU nigTaMgdl;rdaPi)alfak;mlU dan .
22
How CBDRR is Implemented in Tako
etI CBDRRRtUv)anGnuvty:agdUcemcenAexttaEkv
The CBDRR project in Tako is implemented through a KMerag CBDRR enAexttaEkv RtUv)anGnuvttamryKNkmaFikar
Village Committee for Disaster Management or VCDM. PUmRi Kb;RKgeRKaHmhnray rW VCDM . smaCikKNkmkarRtUv
The members are made up of five women and men directly )anbegtI eLIgedaymanRsnI gi burscMnnY 5nak; EdleRCIserIseday
elected by their communities.
smaCikshKmn_rbs;BkY eKedaypal; .
The government, Oxfam and local partners play a
supportive role to the community through the provision rdaPi)al/ GgkarGuksVam nigdKUkg Rsuknana edIrtYnaTICaGkKaMRT
of information, training and financial and technical shKmn_tamrykarplB; tman karbNH bNal nigCMny Y
assistance to VCDM members, in order for the committee beckeTsnighirBavte TAdl;smaCik VCDM edIm,I[KNkmkar
to improve their communitys resilience in the face of flood. manlTPaBEklMG[manPaBegIberIeLIgvijrbs;shKmn_Edl
The VCDM organise to:
RbQmnwgeRKaHTwkCMnn; .
Assist in the selection of beneficiaries by conducting
vulnerability assessments VCDM begtI eLIgedIm,I
Implement the construction of homesteads, rehabilita-
CYyeRCIserIsGkTTYlpltamrykareFVkI arvaytMlGMBPI aB
tion of houses gayrgeRKaH
Distribute boats and water jars
Gnuvtkarsagsg;pH karCYsCulpH
23
Accountability to Beneficiaries, Stakeholders and
Donors
KNenyPaBcMeBaHGkTTYlpl/ GkBak;Bn nigGkpl;CMnYy
24
The training provided by Oxfam in collaboration with karbNHbNalEdlpl;edayGgkarGuksVamshkarCamYy
CCK throughout the years had grown in depth and Ggkar CCK Gs;eBlCaeRcInqamM kenH )anrIkcMerIny:agRCaleRCA
complexity benefiting not just the villagers but also nigplp; lRbeyaCn_RKb;ya: g minRtwmEtsMrab;Gk PUmbi eu: NaHeT kbEu: n
government officials and members of the international
NGO community.
sMrab;mRnrI daPi)al nigsmaCikshKmn_GgkareRkArdaPi)al
GnrCatipgEdr .
Targeting: The evaluation team was impressed with
karkMNt;RkumeKaledA RkumvaytMlepatGarmNx_ a gM elI
the targeting process (wealth ranking by VCDMs). dMeNIrkarkMNt;RkumeKaledA (kareFVcI N
M at; fak;FnFan
The most vulnerable were identified and received the edayRkum VCDMs . GkPUmEi dlgayTTYleRKaHPaKeRcIn
benefits.
bMptu RtUv)ankMNt;rkeXIj ehIy)anTTYlplRbeyaCn_ .
The VCDMs have the potential to be independent
village institutions, acting in partnership with govern-
Rkum VCDMs manskanuBleFVCI asabnPUmi kraC edIrtYCad
ment village institutions (VDCs) KUCamYysabnrdGN
M acPUmi (VDCs)
By determining the gender composition of the VCDMs
tamkarkMNt;[mansmasPaBEynDrenAkg VCDMs (RsI
(three women and two men) the structure of the 3 nak; nigburs2 nak; rcnasm<n r bs;KNkmaFikarenH
committee helps address womens practical needs
and interests.
CYybgaj[eXIjBIcN
M ab;GarmNn_ gi tMrvU karcaM)ac;rbs;RsI
VCDMs and the community have formed a bond which
VCDMs nigshKmn_)anbegtI ExSbNajmYyEdlnwgbegtI
instills confidence in coping with adverse disasters. [manCMenOTMnku citK a kg karedaHRsayeRKaHmhnrayTaMg
Lay .
The programme has been acknowledged and
valued by the Cambodian government.
KMeM ragkmvFi eI nHRtUv)anTTYlsal;ngi vaytMledayrdaPi)al
km<C a
25
Conclusion esckIsnidan
The flood mitigation project has grown in sophistication KMeragkat;bnyeRKaHfak;edayTwkCMnn; )anrIkcMerIneLIgRKb;Tdi P aB
in all aspects from communications, community-based TaMgGs;cab;taMgBIvs i y
TMnak;TnM g/ karbNH bNalfak;shKmn_/
training, establishing of VCDMs, targeting and working karbegtI VCDMs/ karkMNt;RkumeKaledA nigkareFVkI arCamYy
with vulnerable populations to incorporating government
support and influencing multilateral institutions. It has
RbCaCnEdlgayrgeRKaHedaymankarcUlrYmKaMRTBIrdaPi)al
now become a strong model that can become a bench-
nigsabnEdlman\TBi lCaeRcIneTot . bcb ,nKeM ragenH)ankay
mark for other future projects. CaKMrdU x a gM mYyEdlGaceFVCI alMnaMKrM s
U rM ab;KeM ragepSgeTotnaeBl
GnaKt .
26
Gender Equality and Disaster Preparedness
smPaBEynDr nigkareRtombgareRKaHmhnray
27
Initial Assessment and Project design karvaytMlbzm nig karbegItKMerag
Women in the community provide project team with
RskI g shKmn_pl [; RkumkargarnUvBtm ansBI bI Tdanxag
information on cultural norms and practices vb,Fm nigkarGnuvt .
Women in the community actively participate in needs
RskI g shKmn_cl
U rYmy:agskmkg karvaytMltMrvU karnigkar
assessment and project design.
begtI KMerag
Project Implementation and Monitoring karGnuvt nigRtYtBinitKMerag
VCDM membership include both women and men
smaCikPaBrbs; VCDM rab;bBal TaMgRsnI gi burs
Meetings are held to discuss the issue of violence
kicR bCuRM tUv)aneFVeI LIgedIm,IBPi akSaGMBbI BaaGMeBIhgi SaRbqaMngw
against women and ways of reducing sexual harass- RsnI gi EsVgrkmeFa)aykat;bnykarebotebonpv ePTenAkg
ment within the community
Women have a key role in the targeting, monitoring
shKmn_
and distribution project resources
RsmI antYnaTIsxM an;kg karkMNt;RkumeKaledA karRtYtBinti
Female beneficiaries have access and share control nigkarEckcayFnFanrbs;KeM rag
over project resources and benefits
GkTTYlplCaRsmI anlTPaBnigcUlrYmemIlxusRtUvelIFnFan
Public space is created to meet the different social nigplRbeyaCn_rbs;KeM rag
needs of women and men, boys and girls is provided
begtI [mankEngsaFarNedIm,ICbY RbCueM daHRsayGMBtI rM vU kar
Activities such as house repair and cash-for-work are
designed to ensure that female-headed households
epSgkg sgmrbs;bru snigRsI ekgRbus nig ekgRsI
receive the same benefits as other families
skmPaBTaMgLaydUcCakarCYsCulpHnigR)ak;srM ab;kargar
At least 80% of relief food aid is distributed directly to RtUvbegtI [manedIm,IFanafa RsCI aempHkTTYl)anGtRbeyaCn_
women dUcKanwgRKYsardTeTotEdr .
Projects include food production and income-generating
y:agticNas;k 80 nCMny Y es,gGaharseRgaHRtUvEckpal;
activities that enable women and girls to achieve eTARsI
minimum food and income security
Women take a leading role in key project activities
KMerag rYmbBal TaMgplitkmes,gGahar nigskmPaBbegtI
such as water-point management, income generating R)ak;cN M l U EdlGac[RsnI gi ekgRsIseM rcTTYl)annUvsns i xu
initiatives, and community mobilisation es,gnigR)ak;cN M l U CaGb,rima .
Women, men, and school children together provide
RsmI antYnaTIdkw naMkg skmPaBkargarsMxan;rbs;KeM ragkar
health information to the rest of the community. RKb;RKgRsHTwk nigkarpc epmI KMnti begnI R)ak;cN M l U nigkar
cgRkgshKmn_ .
RsI bursnigsisSsalarYmKaplB; t m anGMBs I xu PaBeTAdl;mnusS
dTeTotenAkg shKmn_ .
28
Gender Assessment karvaytMlEynDr
Three years since the Tako project was first implemented, Gs;ryeBl 3 qaeM hIy cab;taMgBIKeM ragkmvFi eI nAexttaEkvcab;epmI
in 2006, an assessment was carried out to determine GnuvtdbM gU / enAqaM 2006 karvaytMlmYy)aneFVeI LIgedIm,IkN M t;
peoples behaviour and attitude towards gender equity. [eXIjGMB\I riyabfnigGakb,kiry i arbs;RbCaCneTAelIsmFm
It was found that: EynDr . karvaytMl)anrkeXIjfa
Women were better represented within the communitys
decision-making process
RseI FVCI atMNag)any:aglenAkg dMeNIrnkareFVeI scks
I eM rc
Violence against women domestic and sexual citr bs;shKmn_
harassment was reduced.
GMeBIhgi SaRbqaMgnwgRsI dUcCakarbgbBaakg RKYsarnigkar
ebotebonpv ePTRtUv)ankat;bny
Female VCDM members say that they were more
confident to speak out. Along the way they have gained
knowledge and are able to take action, such as consult-
smaCik VCDM CaRsnI y i ayfa BYkeKmanTMnku citk an;EteRcIneLIg
ing with and helping fellow community members resolve kg beBajmti . CamYyKaenHEdr BYkeKkTTYl)ancMeNHdwg
conflicts. From this they have earned greater respect and ehIyGacGnuvtskmPaB)andUcCakarRbwkSaeyabl; nigCYydl;
recognition from community members. smaCikrYmkargarshKmn_kg karedaHRsayTMnas;eTotpg .
tamryTegVTI aMgenH CalTplBYkeKTTYlnUvkareKarBx<sn; gi TTYl
Domestic violence has also reduced. With a more stable sal;Bs I maCikshKmn_EfmeTot .
income from the success of the project, there is less
tension within the family. Men have also learnt more about
gender equality from the training process and are less GMeBIhgi Sakg RKYsarkRtUv)ankat;bnypgEdr . edayTTYl)an
inclined to use violence. cMNl U BIeCaKCyrbs;KeM ragkan;EtmanesrPaB eFV[
I mansMBaFKab
sgtt; ci tYcenARKYsar . BYkbursk)anyl;dgw eRcInpgEdrGMBI
smPaBEynDrtamrydMeNIrkarbNH bNal ehIyeKkBs Mu vU eRbI
R)as;GeM BIhgi SaeTotEdr .
Scaling Up
karekIneLIg
30
Not Giving Up on Dry Land
mine)aHbg;ecaleTaHbICadIsthYtEhgkeday
Every day, villagers in rural Cambodia leave home in search of Caerogral; GkPUmEi dlrs;enAtamCnbTnRbeTskm<C a)ancakecj
a better life in the city. Success stories of comfortable jobs in BIpH sMEbgeTAEsVgrkkargarciBamw CIvti enATIRkug . erOgr:aveCaKCyn
factories and restaurants told by those who ventured ahead, is kargarlRbesIrenAtameragcRk nigePaCnIydan GkEdlFab;ecjEsVg
an opportunity far too tempting to pass up.
rkkargarmun)anniyayfa KWCakasEdlRtUvEtcab;yk minRtUv[kng
Many, living in drought prone areas, sell their dry land to the puteLIy .
wealthy or land speculators and move to the capital, Phnom
Penh. Others have no choice but to enter the labour market GkPUmCi aeRcInEdlrs;enAtamtMbn;EdlEtgEtCYbeRKaHraMg enaH)an
after using up all their property to pay for medical care of lk;dFI rI bs;BkY eKeTA[BYkGkmanbQj rksudI I ehIyeFVdI eM NIrmkkan;
family members. TIRkugPeM Bj . GkxHeTotKanCMerIsGVeI RkAEtBIeTArksuQ I l eFVkI argar
However, for Nen Suwn, a 37-year-old mother of seven, her
[eKbnab;Bl I k;Gs;RTBrbs;srM ab;Ba)alCMgs W maCikRKYsar .
land, no matter how dry the paddy fields might get, is more
than just a piece of asset. It was handed down from her father eTaHCay:agenHkI elakRsIenn sYn Gayu37 qaM mankUn 7 nak; )an
and is something she wants to hold on to and pass it on to her niyayfa dIrbs;Kat;eTaHCadIERsenaHCYbeRKaHraMg y:agNakeday
children. I have lived here all my life. I see my neighbours sell kvasMxan;CagRTBGVI TaMgGs; . Bukrbs;Kat;)anEck[Kat; ehIyva
their land and move out, but I love it here and I dont want to Caekrm_i rtkEdlKat;cg;EfrkSanigEckbneTAkUnrbs;Kat; . elakRsI
give it up, said Mrs Nen.
ennniyayfa rs;enATIenHGs;my Y CIvti . eXIjGkPUmri bs;lk;
Mrs Nen lives in Kong Pisey district, Kompong Speu province, dIFrI bs;eKehIycakecalPUmRi suk b:Eu nRslaj;TeI nHehIymincg;e)aH
one of the countrys worst drought-hit areas in the past five bg;ecalTIenHeT .
years according to Cambodias National Committee for
Disaster Management (NCDM). elakRsIennrs;enAkg RsukKgBisI extkBM g;sW< EdlCatMbn;myY kg
cMeNamtMbn;epSgCaeRcIneTotEdlTTYlrgeRKaHraMg rbMptu
Cambodia has been suffering from irregular dry spells through-
out the past decade. Various parts of the country are going
rbs;RbeTskm<C akalBI 5 qamM nu eyagtamBtm anrbs;KNkmaFikar
through prolonged drought during the planting season drying CatiRKb;RKgeRKaHmhnrayrbs;RbeTskm<C a (NCDM).
up the paddy fields and killing off the rice plants before they
have fully grown. RbeTskm<C a)anTTYlrgeRKaHedaysarEtPaBraMgstminRbRktIeBj
mYyTsvtSkngeTA . tMbn;epSgCaeRcInenATUTaMgRbeTsRtUvCYbnUveRKaH
Mrs Nen claims that in the past, when she could not grow raMg GUsbnayy:agyUrenAeBlrdUvdaMdHu daMNaMeFV[ I dIERscMkar
enough rice to feed her family, she used to cut down trees but
the hills are now empty and the only thing she can do now is
eRkomeRkaH nigbMpa jGs;dN
M aMRsUvenAeRkayeBldaMdHu rYc .
sell labour, which earns her around 3,000 riel (less than 1 US
dollar) per day. elakRsIennbBaak;fa kalBImnu enAeBlEdleFVEI RsminsUv)anpl
sMrab;cBi amw RKYsar Kat;Fa b;eTAkab;eQIlk;bEu: n\LvenH enAtamPGM s;
Oxfam working with local partner National Prosperity Asso- eQIrlIg ehIysBVfenHmanEtsuQ I l eKb:eu NaH Edlrk)anRbEhl
ciation (NAPA) has recently introduced a community-based 3000erol (ticCag 1 dula r ) kg mYy .
disaster risk reduction project in 15 villages of Kong Pisey
district.
GgkarGuksVamshkarCamYyGgkardKUkg Rsuk/ GgkarcMerInCati
The project purpose is to utilise the various natural and man- (NAPA EdlfI enHeTIbnwgbegtI [manKMerag kat;bnyeRKaHmhnray
made resources within the area to better equip the villagers edaymankarcUlrYmBIshKmn_enAkg PUmci nM nY 15rbs;RsukKgBisI .
living in increasing drier climate and in return help them to stay
home and not have to move to the city, said Som Vanthat
Oxfams drought programme assistant.
31
Drought programme officer, Tep Sokha, explained that the BwgEpkEtelITkw ePgsMrab;eFVEI RseToteLIy .
rugged mountainous terrain of Kong Pisey receives consider-
able rain. During the Khmer Rouge regime, many reservoirs
and dikes were built to harness the water but they have all
GgkarGuksVam nigGgkar NAPA manEpnkarsareLIgvijnUvTMnb;
fallen into disuse.
TwkcMnnY 5 nigCIkRbLayy:agticcMnnY 3 ExSenAqaM 2008 .
BYkeK)anCIkRsHTwkshKmn_ nigRsHCalkNRKYsarCaeRcInsMrab;
We are now renovating the reservoirs and canals so that sk TwkePgrYcral;ehIy RBmTaMg)anCIkGNk TwksMrab;briePaK ciBamw
water can be irrigated to the paddy fields when there is drought stVBahN nigeRsacRsBbEn .
so that the villagers dont have to rely solely on rain water to
grow rice, he said.
KNkmaFikarPUmRi Kb;RKgeRKaHmhnrayk)anbegtI eLIg ehIy)an
Oxfam and NAPA plan to renovate five reservoirs and construct
dak;[TTYlbnk elIdeM NIrkareFVeI scks I eM rccitT aMgmUl . KN
at least three canals by 2008. They have already completed kmaFikarmantYnaTIsxM an;kg karGb;rs
M hKmn_rbs;eKpal;GBM rI ebobEfTaM
several family and community ponds for rainwater catchments sMParbrika RBmTaMgbBaaepSgeTotdUcCaGnamynigkarbRBaabcMeNH
and underground wells to be used for drinking, feeding cattle dwgEynDrCaedIm .
and growing vegetables.
sM va:nf; at CMny
Y karkmvFi eI RKaHraMgstrbs;GgkarGuksVammanRbsasn_
fa eKalbMNgrbs;KeM ragKWedIm,IeRbIR)as;nvU FnFanFmCatingi FnFan
sgmEdlmanenAkg tMbn;edIm,ICy Y ptp; g [
; RbesIreLIgdl;Gk PUmEi dl
kMBgu rs;enACYbnwgkarekIneLIgnkMedAGakasFatu ehIyCalTpl
CYy[BYkeKsti enAnwgpH nigmincaM)ac;eTArkkareFVeI nATIRkugeT .
elakeTB suxa RbFankmvFi eI RKaHraMg )anBnl;fa lkNPUmi
saRsxg< r; abtMbn;PrM bs;RsukKgBismI anePgFak;KrY [KitBicarNa .
enAkg rbbExrRkhm TMnb;Tkw nigRbLayTwkCaeRcIn)ansagsg;eLIg
edIm,ITajykTwksMrab;eRbIR)as; b:Eu nTnM b;ngi GagTwkTaMgenaHk)ak;rlay
xUcGs;mni GaceRbIR)as;eTot)an .
elak)anmanRbsasn_fa bcb ,nenHeyIgkMBgu CYsCulsarTMnb;Tkw
nigRbLayTwkTaMgenaHeLIgvijedIm,I[eKGacykTwkbBal eTAdak;kg
ERsRsUv)anenAeBlEdlmaneRKaHraMg dUecHGkPUmni gw mincaM)ac;
Scaling Up karekIneLIg
Between 75 80 per cent of Cambodias population live in enAcenaHBI 75-80 PaKry nRbCaCnkm<C ars;enAtamTICnbT
rural areas with few monetary or physical resources with manFnFanluykak;bF nFansMPartictYc EdlRKan; nwgciBamw CIvti
which to sustain their subsistence lives of poverty, or to rbs;eKrs;enAkg PaBRkIRkbk) anCamUldanEdlGacrMedaHecj
build a base from which to escape out from under povertys
weight. Any shock, such as a natural disaster, can have
BITgM n;nPaBRkIRk . esckPI y tk;st dUcCaeRKaHFmCatiGacbg
a devastating impact on an already impoverished and
[manplb:HBal; reTAelIRbCaCnEdlgayrgeRKaHnigGk
vulnerable population. EdlmanPaBRkIRkRsab; .
The only effective course of action is to undertake efforts to meFa)ayskmPaBdmanRbsiTiPaBKWkarxitxMRbwgERbgeRtom
prepare for and to minimise the impact of natural disaster bgarnigeFV[ I fycuHnUvplb:HBal;BeI RKaHFmCatiehIy pl; kas[
and to provide communities with opportunities to shorten
the time of recovery from flood or drought.
shKmn_eRbIR)as;eBlevla[)anxeI dIm,IrcY rMedaHecjBITkw CMnn;
bke RKaHraMgst .
The Oxfam pilot project in Tako has shown that the
team has fashioned a methodology for community-based KMeragsakl,grbs;GgkarGuksVamenAexttaEkv)anbgaj[eXIj
disaster risk reduction that has proven to be successful in fa Rkumkargar)aneRbIR)as;ya: glRbesIrnUvviFs
I aRssrM ab;kmvFi kI at;
improving peoples resilience to natural disaster are less bnyeRKaHmhnrayedaymankarcUlrYmBIshKmn_EdlnaM[
likely to be subjected to increased vulnerabilities. sMerceCaKCykgkarelIkkMBs;[manPaBegIberIeLIgvijrbs;
RbCaCneTAnwgeRKaHFmCati .
Other NGOs have adopted or modified the approach in their
own projects. Oxfam continues to share information with
other Disaster Risk Reduction stakeholders, but sharing GgkarepSgeTot)anykeTAeRbIR)as;bk E kERbviFs
I aRssrM ab;KeM rag
knowledge is not enough, there is more to be done to help pal;rbs;eK . GgkarGuksVambnEckrMElkBtm anCamYyGkBak;Bn
other communities that have yet to receive assistance from kargarkat;bnyeRKaHmhnray b:Eu nkarEckrMElkcMeNHdwgKWmni
other agencies. )anRKb;RKan;eLIy mankargarCaeRcIneTotEdlRtUveFVeI dIm,ICyY sh
Kmn_dTeTotEdlminTan;manGkCYy .
Therefore, Oxfams Disaster Risk Reduction programme
has been extended to Kratie province and to drought
affected communities in two provinces Kampong ehtudeU cHehIy)anCakmvFi kI at;bnyeRKaHmhnrayrbs;Ggkar
Speu and Svay Rieng. GuksVamRtUvBRgIkeKaledAeTAkan;extRkecH nigshKmn_EdlTTYl
rgnUveRKaHraMgstenAkg extcnM nY BIreTotKW kMBg;sW< nigsVayerog .
33
Kratie : began March 2006
Kompong Speu
Began
October 2006
Takeo
Project completed Svey Rieng
population affected by flood and drought * 1999-2006
> 18,000 > 37,000
Began January
12,000 - 18,000 18,000 - 37,000 2007
6,000 - 12,000 11,000 - 18,000
< 6,000 < 11,000
Affected but no data Affected but no data
34
Kompong Svay
Speu Rieng
Drought Programme
kmviFIeRKaHraMgst
35
Problem bBaa
Relying Solely on Rain
BwgEpkTaMgRsugeTAelITkw ePg
The community traditionally depends solely on rain to keep CaRbBNIeTAehIy shKmn_Bgw EpkTaMgRsugeTAelITkw ePgedIm,I
their rice plants alive. In a productive season, a one hectare
rice paddy can produce roughly 1,000 kilogrammes of rice
eRsacRsBdMNaMRsUvrbs;eK[rs;)an . enAkg rdUvbgbegnI pl
which can last a family the whole year. During the past 10 dIERsmYyhiktaGacplitRsUv)any:ageRcInNas 1000 KILR kam
years, however, farmers have only been able to produce EdlGacciBamw RKYsar)aneBjmYyqaM . eTaHy:agenHkkI alBI
500 kilogrammes and some, living far from water ways, are GMLg eBl10qakM ngeTA ksikrGacplit)anEt 500 KILR kam
able to harvest just 50 kilogrammes. Households have to b:eu NaH ehIyGkxHeTot EdlmanERsenAqayBIpv Twk Gac)anpl
find alternative income by selling labour, cutting trees or EtRtwm50 KILR kamEtb:eu NaH. RKYsarTaMgenaHRtUvEsVgrkcMNl U
moving to the city to find jobs.
epSgmkCMns Y edaykarsuQ I l
eK karkab;eQIlk; bke TArk kargareFVI
No Safe Drinking Water
enATIRkug .
Many water sources, including ponds and wells, dry up
during the drought. The few remaining, used for personal
KanTwksatsMrab;briePaK
hygiene, washing clothes, livestock, watering and drinking, RbPBTwkCaeRcInrYmmanTaMgRsHnigGNg kRtUvrIg Gs;enAeBlma
become overused and contaminated, giving rise to water- neRKaHraMg . RsH RtBaMgtictYcEdlenAsl;EdleRbIsrM ab;[
borne diseases. manGnamyxn R)aN sMrab;e)akKk; ciBamw stV eRsacRsBdMNaM
nigsMrab;briePaKkRtUv)aneRbIR)as;hs
Y RbmaNnigeFVkI xVkE; dl
bNal[ekItCaCMgeW sIEs,kepSg .
Potential
Eight out of the 15 villages are located close to
mountainous areas and have access to water from skanuBl
streams that cascades down during the monsoon
season. However, there is no available irrigation
PUmi 8 kg cMeNamPUmci nM nY 15 manTItaMgenACitnwgtMbn;PM ehIy
system and the water is not properly utilised. manlTPaBTTYl)anTwkBIsgw EdlhUrcuHkg rdUvvsSa . eTaHCa
Within the area, there are also old reservoirs from the
Khmer Rouge regime, if rehabilitated, can be use to
y:agenHkBmMu anRbBnF arasaRssrM ab;tkM l;Tkw ehIyTwkRtUveK
effectively store water. eRbIR)as;mni )ansmRsbpgEdr .
Oxfam has also been working in the area since 2000
enAkg tMbn;km anTMnb;GagTwkcas;Edlsl;BrI bbExrRkhm
providing emergency drought response. ehIyRbsinebIeKCYsCuleLIgvij vaGaceRbIsrM ab;tkM l;Tkw )an
RbkbedayRbsiTPi aB .
GgkarGuksVamk)annigkMBgu eFVkI arenAkg tMbn;enHtaMgBIqa M
2,000 eday)anplC; nM y Y seRgaHbnan;EpkeRKaHraMg .
36
Providing what is needed pl;nUvGVIEdlCatMrUvkarcaM)ac;
Water from one small reservoir can be irrigated to 50 100 eKGacykTwkBITnM b;Tkw tUcmYyeTAeRsacRsBelIdEI RsBI 50-100
hectares of rice paddy. Oxfam together with NAPA will hikta . GgkarGuksVamnigGgkar NAPA nwgCIk
construct as well as rehabilitate canals, culverts and reservoirs RBmTaMgCYsY CulRbLayTwk RbBnb gr Twk nigTMnb;Tkw edIm,IykTwkeTA
to irrigate water to the farmlands to replace rainfall in periods
of drought. Oxfam also will construct
eRsacRsBdIERsCMns Y TwkePg enAGMLg raMg . GgkarGuksVamkngw CIk
wells, community and family
GNg CIRsHTwkshKmn_ nigRsHTwkCalkNRKYsaredIm,IRbmUlyk
ponds to collect rainfall for TwkePgsMrab;eRsacRsBdMNaMCnM s Y epSg ciBamw RtI nigsMrab;stVcBi amw
irrigating alternative crops, epSgeTot . smaCik VCDM bcb ,nenHkMBgu sikSaGMBrI ebobRKb;RKg
raising fish and for feeding eRKaHmhnray Gnamy smPaBEynDr nigkarcgRkgshKmn_
livestock. VCDM members are edIm,I[BYkeKGacEckcayBtm anbneTAshKmn_ .
currently learning about disaster
management, accountability,
hygiene, gender equality and
community mobilising so that
sVayerog
they can pass the information on
to the community. enAextsaV yerogxusBIextkBM g;sW< shKmn_TaMgLaymanTwkpwkRKb;
RKan; b:Eu nBs
Mu vU manRbBnF arasaRs . Ggkar GuksVamnigGgkar PADEK
EdlCadKUkargarkgRsuk)ancab;epImGnuvtskmPaBkat;bny
Svay Rieng eRKaHmhnraykg PUmci nM nY 10enAextsaV yerogkg Exmkra qaM 2007 .
In Svay Rieng, unlike Kampong Speu, Communities have
sufficient drinking water but very poor irrigation system. Oxfam
and local partner - PADEK - started disaster risk reduction
activities in 10 villages in Svay Rieng province in January
2007.
37
Flood Programme
kmviFITwkCMnn;
kmviFITwkCMnn; Kratie
Kratie
Located on the banks of the Mekong River, Kratie is a province
that is affected by both seasonal flooding and flash floods on Future Plans
an annual basis. However, since the 2000 flooding, the floods
each year have become more prolonged with the water levels
EpnkarnaeBlxagmux
higher.
Through the current Disaster Risk Reduction projects,
Oxfam started working in Kratie initially in March 2006 and has Oxfam and its implementing partners directly responds to
supported the implementation of a Disaster Risk Reduction the needs of 20,000 vulnerable men, women and children
project based on the Tako Model. living in Tako, Kratie, Kompong Speu and Svay Rieng.
Oxfam expects to have a positive influence on the lives of
Working with Kratie Womens Welfare Association (KWWA), a a further 200,000 people living in drought and flood prone
welfare and gender capacity building organization, Oxfam has areas through promoting a community-based approach to
helped to provide boats, fishing nets, rain water catchment disaster preparedness and response using television, radio
containers, and vegetable seeds in 19 villages. We have also and print media.
improved an existing safe area with infrastructires designed
to provide safe water, human and livestock and sanitation
facilities. qgtamryKMeragkat;bnyeRKaHmhnraynaeBlbcb,nGgkar
GuksVamRBmTaMgdKUGnuvtkargarrbs;xn )aneqyI tbpal;eTAnwgtMrvU
karcaM)ac;rbs;bru s RsI nigkumargayrgeRKaH 20/000 nak;
RkecH Edlrs;enAkg exttaEkv RkecH kMBg;sW< nigsVayerog . Ggkar
GuksVamsgwmfanwgeFV[ I man\TBi lCaviCm aneTAelIRbCaCnRbmaN
edaysarmanTItaMgenAtamdgTenemKg RkecHKWCaextmy Y EdlRtUv 200/000 nak; bEnmeTot EdlkMBgu rs;enAtamtMbn;gayrgeRKaH
TTYlrgTaMgTwkCMnn;tamrdUvnigTwkCMnn;xs u rdUvCaerogral;qa M . eTaHy:ag edayTwkCMnn;ngi eRKaHraMg tamrykarpSBVpSayviFs I aRsEdlman
enHkI cab;taMgBITkw CMnn;qa 2M 000mkTwkCMnn;ral;qa mM anryeBlEvg karcUlrYmBIshKmn_srM ab;kareRtombgareRKaHmhnray nigeqy I tb
nigmankMrti Twkx<s; . tamrykareRbITrU TsSn_ viT nigGtbTsarBtm an .
38
A Brief History of Oxfam International in Cambodia
Rbvtisegbrbs;GgkarGuksVamGnrCatienAkm<Ca
39
Oxfam affiliates and partners working in Damage Risk
Reduction in Cambodia:
OXFAM GB PADEK
House 442, Street 193, Sangkat Toul Svay Prey1, Khan House 72, Street 360, Phnom Penh,
Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh Tel: +855 23 362 779 Fax: +855 23 216 224
Tel. +855 23 212 353 fax: +855 23 211 873 Email: padek@everyday.com.kh
Email: phnompenh@oxfam.org.kh Web site: www.padek.org
Web site: www.oxfam.org.uk