Li Fi

A. Introduction

What is Li-Fi ?
Li-fi has been demonstrated by French start-up Oledcomm at the world's biggest mobile fair,
Mobile World Congress, in Barcelona. As soon as a smartphone was placed under an office lamp,
it was already to send or download file. The technology uses the frequencies generated by LED
bulbs, which flicker on and off imperceptibly thousands of times a second. The bulbs are
outfitted with a microchip, turning them into a hotspot.
The big advantage of Li-Fi, short for "Light Fidelity" (a term coined by professor Harold
Hass in a TED talk in 2011), is its lightning speed. Laboratory tests have shown theoretical
speeds of over 200 gbps, fast enough to "download the equivalent of 23 DVDs in one second",
founder and head of Oledcomm Suat Topsu said. "Li-fi allows speeds that are 100 times faster
than Wi-Fi" which uses radio waves to transmit data, he said.
It started making its way out of laboratories in 2015 to be tested in everyday settings in
France, a li-fi pioneer, in places such as a museums and shopping malls.
Li-Fi can be the technology for the future where data for laptops, smart phones, and tablets
will be transmitted through the light in a room. Security would not be an issue because if you
cant see the light, you cant access the data.
Li-Fi technology is being developed into a ubiquitous systems technology, consisting of
application specific combinations of light transmitters, light receivers including solar cells,
efficient computational algorithms and networking capabilities that can be deployed in a wide
range of communication scenarios and in a variety of device platforms.

B. History

The technology truly began during the 1990's in countries like Germany, Korea, and Japan
where they discovered LED's could be retrofitted to send information. Harald Haas continues to
wow the world with the potential to use light for communication.
On 12th July 2011, he used a table lamp with an LED bulb to transmit a video of blooming
flowers that was then projected onto a screen behind him. During the event he periodically
blocked the light from lamp to prove that the lamp was indeed the source of incoming data.
At TEDGlobal, has demonstrated a data rate of transmission of around 10Mbps --
comparable to a fairly good UK broadband connection. Two months later he achieved 123Mbps.
Back in 2011 German scientists succeeded in creating an800 Mbps (Megabits per second)
capable wireless network by using nothing more than normal red, blue, green and yellow.
C. The Difference Between Li-Fi and Wi-Fi
Feature Li-Fi Wi-Fi
Full form Light Fidelity Wireless Fidelity
Operation LiFi transmits data using light WiFi transmits data using radio
with the help of LED bulbs. waves with the help of WiFi
router.
Interference Do not have any intereference Will have intereference issues
issues similar to radio from nearby access
frequency waves. points(routers)
 Technology Present IrDA compliant
devices
Applications Used in airlines, undersea
explorations, operation
theaters in the hospitals, office
and home premises for data
transfer and internet browsing
Merits(advantages Interference is less, can pass
) through salty sea water, works
in densy region
Privacy In LiFi, light is blocked by the
walls and hence will provide
more secure data transfer
Data transfer About 1 Gbps
speed
Frequency of 10 thousand times frequency
operation spectrum of the radio
Data density Works in high dense
environment
Coverage distance About 10 meters
System Lamp driver, LED bulb(lamp)
components and photo detector will make
up complete LiFi system.
WLAN 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ad
standard compliant devices
Used for internet browsing with
the help of wifi kiosks or wifi
hotspots
Interference is more, can not
pass through sea water, works
in less densy region
In WiFi, RF signal can not be
blocked by the walls and hence
need to employ techniques to
achieve secure data transfer.
WLAN-11n offers 150Mbps,
About 1-2 Gbps can be
achieved using WiGig/Giga-IR
2.4GHz, 4.9GHz and 5GHz
Works in less dense
environment due to interference
related issues
About 32 meters (WLAN
802.11b/11g), vary based on
transmit power and antenna
type
requires routers to be installed,
subscriber
devices(laptops,PDAs,desktops
) are referred as stations

D. Basic concept

LED ( Light Emitting Diode ) can be switched on and off faster since operating speed of
LED is less than 1 s, than the human eye can detect, causing the light source to be appear
continuously. This invisible on-off activity enables a kind of data transmission using binary
codes. Switching on and LED is a logical 1, switching it off is a logical 0.It is possible to
encode data in the light by varying the rate at which LEDs flicker on and off to give different
strings of 1s and 0s. Modulation is so fast that human eye doesnt notice.
E. How it Works ?

Operational procedure is very simple, if the led is on, you transmit a digital 1, if its off you
transmit a 0. The LEDs can be switched on and off very quickly, which gives nice opportunities
for transmitting data. Hence all that us required is some LEDs and a controller that code data into
those LEDs. We have to just vary the rate at which the LEDs flicker depending upon the data we
want to encode .
Thus every light source will works as a hub for data transmission .

On one end all the data on the internet will be streamed to a lamp driver when the led is turned
on the microchip converts the digital data in form of light .
 A light sensitive device (photo detector) receives the signal and converts it back into
original data. This method of using rapid pulses of light to transmit information wirelessly is
technically referred as Visible Light Communication.
Further enhancements can be made in this method, like using an array of LEDs for
parallel data transmission, or using mixtures of red, green and blue LEDs to alter the lights
frequency with each frequency encoding a different data channel. Such advancements promise a
theoretical speed of 10 Gbps meaning one can download a full high-definition film in just 30
seconds.

F. Potential Application of Li-Fi

Li Fi technology is still in its infancy .However some areas where it seems perfectly
applicable are :
1. Traffic Lights
Traffic lights can communicate to the car and with each other. Cars have LED-based
headlights, LED-based cack lights, and cars can communicate with each other and
prevent accidents in by exchanging information.
2. Intrinsically Safe Environment
Visible Light is more safe than RF, hence it can be used in places where RF can't be used
such as petrochemical plants .
3. Airlines
 Whenever we travel through airways we face the problem in communication media ,
because the whole airways communication are performed on the basis of radio waves. To
overcomes this drawback on radioways , li-fi is introduced.
4. Ocean Beds
Li-Fi can even work underwater were Wi-Fi fails completely, there by throwing open
endless opportunities for military/navigation operations.
5. Street Lamps
There are millions of street lamps deployed around the world. Each of these street lamps
could be a free access point. It will reduce your electricity bill
and maintainance bill

G. Function

As well as we know, the function of Li-Fi to transmit and receive information using
illumination instead of radio waves. From this main function, we can make and
understand about the other functions, like all the things that we have talk in potential
application.

H. Reference

1.http://www.electronicsforu.com/electronicsforu/circuitarchives/view_article.asp?
sno=778&title%20=%20LiFi
%3A+A+New+Paradigm+in+Wireless+Communication&b_type=new&id=12042
2.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li-Fi
3. International Journal of advances in computing & communications, vol 1, 2013,page no-
12www.ijacc.org
4. http://www.lifi-centre.com/about-li-fi/what-is-li-fi-technology/

5.http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-24/li-fi-100-times-faster-than-wi-fi-at-shine-of-a-
light/7194620

6. http://www.rfwireless-world.com/Terminology/LiFi-vs-WiFi.html
 ENGLISH ASSIGNMENT
LIGHT FIDEALITY AS
AN INVENTION
ABOUT NETWORKING TECHNOLOGY

Group 5 :
Fauzi Achmad Haruna ( 16 / / SV / )
Farhan Reza Saputra ( 16 / 396074 / SV /
10287 )
Andri Cahya Saputra ( 16 / / SV / )

UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA

T.A. 2016/2017