IJIRST International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology| Volume 3 | Issue 04 | September 2016

ISSN (online): 2349-6010

Performance Assessment of High-Rise Building

using Diagrid
Hrdya Menon Paul Jose
M. Tech. Scholar Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
FISAT, Kerala, India- 683577 FISAT, Kerala, India- 683577

Abstract
In recent trends, the construction development has been rapidly increasing towards tall building structures. Recently different
structural system like braced tube structure, space truss, diagrid structural system etc. are adopted in tall buildings due to its
structural efficiency and flexibility in architectural planning. Diagrid is a particular form of space truss. It consists of a perimeter
grid made up of a series of triangulated truss system. Diagrid is formed by intersecting the diagonal and horizontal components.
Due to inclined columns lateral loads are resisted by axial action of the diagonal in diagrid structure compared to bending of
vertical columns in conventional buildings. Generally for tall building diagrid structure steel is used. Analysis and design of 30
RC building with steel is presented. A regular floor plan of 36 x36 m size is considered. ETABS software is used for modeling
and analysis of structural members. All structural members are designed as per IS 456:2000 and IS 800:2007 considering all load
combinations. Later the optimum angle for a 30 storey RC building with steel diagrid is found out.
Keywords: Structural System, Diagrid Building, Space Truss
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION

The rapid growth of urban population and limitation of available land, the taller structures are preferable now a day. As the
height of the building increases, the lateral resisting systems becomes as important as the gravity supporting system. For
conventional high rise building, shear wall braced frame, outrigger structures etc. forms the interior system and framed tube, and
braced tube etc. forms the exterior system. Diagrid comes under exterior system. The concept of diagrid is not a new one. The
term diagrid is a combination of words diagonal and grid. Diagrid structures can be seen as the latest mutation of braced
tube structures. For diagrid structures, almost all the conventional vertical columns are eliminated. This is possible because the
diagonal members in diagrid system can carry gravity load as well as lateral forces owing to their triangulated configuration.
Diagrid carry shear by the axial action of the diagonal members, while the conventional framed tubular structures carry shear by
the bending of the vertical columns. Diagrid structures do not need high shear rigidity cores because shear can be carried by
thediagrids located on the perimeter. The configuration and efficiency of a diagrid system reduce the number of structural
element required on the facade of the building, therefore less obstruction to the outside view. The structural efficiency of diagrid
system also helps in avoiding interior and corner columns, therefore allowing significant flexibility with the floor plan. Diagrids
can be constructed with steel, concrete or timber. Due to the flexibility of triangulated shape, diagrids can be easily used for
modeling any complex shaped buildings.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

Significant researches were carried out on seismic behaviour of diagrid structural system and a few published works are
reviewed in this section. Moon et al., developed a general method for preliminary design od diagrid by adopting a stiffness
based design method. Leonard et al., carried out research on shear lag effect in high rise building that adopted diagrid system
and concluded that diagrid structure performed three times better than framed tube buildings. Moon studied the performance and
constructability issue of diagrid structures employed for complex shaped tall buildings. He proposed extracting regularity from
irregular form. Kushbu Jani et al., performed analysis and design of diagrid structure based on IS code specification. Seismic
performance evaluation of typical diagrid building was carried out by Kim et al. He concluded that diagrid structure shows
higher strength and lower ductility compared to tubular structures. The ductility of diagrid structures can be improved by
replacing the diagonal members with buckling restrained braces. Nishith B Panchal et al., compared static analysis results of
concrete diagrid structures having different diagrid angles and different diagrid member sizes. They concluded that optimum
angle of diagrid is in the region of 65 to 75.

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 Performance Assessment of High-Rise Building using Diagrid
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III. FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF THE TANK

Modeling and analysis of building is performed in ETABS. The geometric details and the member sizes of the building are
provided in Table 1 and 2 respectively. The angle of diagrid is decided on the basis of the storey module. Here, four different
storey module is considered, that is 2-storey module, 3-storey module, 4-storey module and 6-storey module.

Fig. 1: Structural Plan

Table 1
Geometric Details of the Building
Plan dimension 36 x36m
Number of stories 30
Storey height 3.6m
Slab thickness 0.150m
Characteristic strength of concrete 30N/mm2
Characteristic strength of steel 500N/mm2
Table - 2
Member Sizes
Member No Size
B1 300 x 600
Beam
B2 300 x 1050
Column C 1700 x 1700
375mm Pipe sections with 12mm thick
Diagrid D
(from 16thto30thstorey)450 mm Pipe sections with 25 mm thickness(from 1st to 16 th storey)

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Linear Static Analysis

Equivalent static seismic loads were calculated as per IS 1893: 2002 guidelines. Building was assumed to be in seismic zone 3
and soil type was taken as medium. Importance factor 1 and response reduction factor 5 were adopted. Wind speed of 39 m/s was
assumed.
The following results were obtained.
1) 3 storey module shows les top storey displacement and storey drift compared to others.
2) Time period is observed to be less for 4 storey module, which reflects more stiffness and less mass of the structure.

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 Performance Assessment of High-Rise Building using Diagrid
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Fig. 2: Storey vs Storey displacement Fig. 3: Storey vs Storey drift

Fig. 4: Time period vs Modes

Nonlinear Static Analysis

Table - 3
Stiffness and ductility for different diagrid modules
Stiffness kN/m Ductility
2 Storey module 158333.33 2.99
3 Storey module 153846.15 1.9
4 Storey module 163636.36 2.59
6 Storey module 121428.57 2.17

Fig. 5: Pushover curve for different diagrid modules

Comparing uniform angle diagrids, a diagrid four storey module is found to be showing highest stiffness and moderate ductility.
Linear Time History Analysis
Linear time history analysis results shows less storey shear, column force and overturning moment for 4 storey module. Here
only one seismic time history was used for simulation. The calculated response can be very sensitive to the characteristics of the
individual ground motion used as seismic input. Therefore several analysis are required using different ground motion records.

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 Performance Assessment of High-Rise Building using Diagrid
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Fig. 6: Storey vs storey shear for different diagrid angles Fig. 7: Column force for different diagrid modules

Fig. 8: Overturning moment kNm

V. CONCLUSIONS

The study of the seismic performance of 30 storey diagrid building is accomplished by analytical methods. Equivalent static
analysis, nonlinear static pushover analysis and linear time history analysis were conducted using ETABS analysis package.
1) Equivalent static analysis results show less top storey displacement and drift for 3 storey module. And also time period is
less for 4 storey module (67.4).
2) Equivalent static analysis will not give any idea about the ductility of the structure. Therefore nonlinear static pushover
analysis results shows high stiffness and moderate ductility for 4 storey module (67.4).
3) Linear time history results shows less overturning moment, storey shear, column force for 4 storey module (67.4).
4) From all the above analysis the optimum angle for a 30 storey RC building with steel diagrid is 67.4

REFERENCES
[1] Ali M and Moon K, Structural developments in tall buildings, current trends and future prospects, Architectural science review, Volume 50.3, pp 205-
223, june 2007
[2] Moon K , Diagrid structures for complex shaped tall buildings, Elsevier, Vol.14, pp 1343-1350, july 2011.
[3] Nishith B Panchal, Diagrid structural system: strategies to reduce lateral forces on high rise buildings, International journal of research in engineering and
technology, Vol 13 , Issue 4, pp 374-378, April 2014.
[4] Kushbu Jani and Paresh V Patel, Analysis and design of diagrid structural system for high rise building, NUiCONE 2012.
[5] Moon K, Jerome J, Connor and John E Fernandez, Diagrid structural system for tall buildings; Characteristics and methodology for preliminary design,
The structural design of tall and special buildings, Vol 16, pp 205-230, October 2007.
[6] Kim J, Y.Jun and Lee, Seismic performance evaluation of diagrid system building, 2nd specialty conference on disaster mitigation, pp 41-45, june 2010

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