REGULATIONS

TASK 2: DIFFERENT TYPES OF RADIO STATIONS

WHAT ARE THEY AND HOW ARE THEY BROADCAST?

FM / DAB / SATELLITE FM
FM IS SHORT FOR FREQUENCY MODULATION. FM IS BROADCASTED
ACROSS MEDIA DEVICES SUCH AS RADIOS, MOBILE PHONES,
INTERNET ETC. IN ORDER TO LISTEN, PEOPLE HAVE TO TUNE IN TO
DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES SUCH 96.9FM
DAB
DAB IS SHORT FOR DIGITAL AUDIO BROADCASTING. DAB
BROADCASTS ITS SIGNAL THROUGH DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY,
THEREFORE RESULTING IN A BETTER HIGH QUALITY SOUND.
SATELLITE
A SATTELITE IS A MACHINE THAT ORBITS THE EARTH AND
RECEIVES AND GIVES OUT RADIO SIGNALS. A SIGNAL IS SENT
FROM A STATION, RECEIVED BY THE SATELLITE AND THEN
AMPLIFIED ACROSS THE EARTH TO RECEIVING BASE
STATIONS/SMALL HOME SATELLITES
INTERNET / PODCAST INTERNET
AN INTERNET RADIO STATION IS A PRE-RECORDED OR LIVE RADIO
STATION THAT IS STREAMED OVER THE INTERNET AND CAN BE
HEARD ALL OVER THE WORLD. A SEVER PUTS THE AUDIO INTO A
STREAM CAPABLE FORMAT AND SENDS IT OUT THROUGH THE
INTERNET
PODCAST
A PODCAST IS A DIGITAL AUDIO SHOW (USUALLY IN AN MP3
FORMAT) WHICH ARE MOST OF THE TIME EPISODIC AND CAN BE
DOWNLOADED TO DEVICES, CUTTING THE ASPECT OF REQUIRING
INTERNET CONNECTION WHEN WANTING TO LISTEN TO IT AND
STILL HAVING SUPERB AUDIO QUALITY. PEOPLE USUALLY
SUBSCRIBE TO PODCASTS MUCH LIKE A BLOG

Regulatory bodies
PLEASE UPLOAD INFORMATION IN YOUR OWN WORDS, PRINT SCREEN
REGULATIONS AND UPLOAD IMAGES AS PART OF YOUR RESEARCH

OFCOM WHAT ARE THEY? HOW CAN THEY HELP

OFCOM IS THE NATIONAL
COMMUNICATIONS REGULATOR.
THEY ARE CHARGE OF
REGULATING THE TV, RADIO AND
VIDEO-ON-DEMAND SECTORS,
FIXED-LINE TELECOMS, MOBILES
AND POSTAL SERVICES, PLUS THE
https://www.ofcom.org.u AIRWAVES OVER WHICH WIRELESS
DEVICES OPERATE. THEY MAKE
k/tv-radio-and-on-
SURE THAT ALL OF THESE ARE
demand/advice-for-
SAFE, AND PROTECT USERS FROM
consumers/radio2/guide SCAMS AND VIRUSES.
-to-community-radio
THE COMMUNICATIONS ACT
SAYS THAT OFCOMS MAIN
PRIORITY IS TO ENGAGE AND
INTEREST THE CONSUMERS,
WHERE APPROPRIATE BY
PROMOTING COMPETITION.
THIS IS IMPORTANT TO THEM
AS THEY WANT TO ENSURE
FAIRNESS TO ALL
CONSUMERS.
 PRS WHAT ARE THEY?
PRS FOR MUSIC IS AN
ORGANISATION THAT CURRENTLY
REPRESENTS THE RIGHTS OF
OVER 124,000 MUSICIANS AND
ARTISTS THAT WANT THEIR MUSIC
TO BE DISTRIBUTED FAIRLY AND
EFFICIENTLY. THIS QUALITY OF
http://www.prsformusic. WORK CAN ALSO BE SEEN IN
com/users/businessesan THEIR SLOGAN THAT THEY USE
dliveevents/musicforbus REGULARLY: WE PROMOTE AND
inesses/educationalesta PROTECT THE VALUE OF
blishments/Pages/educa COPYRIGHT.
tionalestablishments.as
px
Student radio What are they?
organisation
A VOLUNTEER-RUN
REPRESENTATIVE BODY WHO
ASSIST THE DEVELOPMENT OF
STUDENT RADIO STATIONS AND
HELP IMPROVE THE SKILLS OF
PEOPLE WORKING FOR THEIR
STATIONS AND THEIR OUTPUT.
https://www.studentradi
MEMBERSHIP FOR THE SRA COSTS
o.org.uk/
80 FOR EACH STATION.
Setting up an online or FM station
http://www.radioandtelly.co.uk/settingupanonlineradiostation.html
http://www.radioandtelly.co.uk/startaradiostation.html
http://www.radioandtelly.co.uk/communityradiocosts.html
THINGS TO
CONSIDER
HOW CAN
THEY HELP
FOR INSTANCE,
IF YOU WORK
FOR A
COMPANY THAT
WANTS TO PLAY
COPYRIGHTED MUSIC OR ARE
CREATING A PRODUCTION IN
WHICH YOU WANT TO
INCORPORATE SOME, THEN
PRS ARE ONE OF THE MAIN
COMPANIES THAT YOU CAN
CHOOSE TO HELP YOU DO
THIS WITHOUT
ENCOUNTERING ANY
COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENTS
IN THE PROCESS.
How can they help
THE STUDENT RADIO
AWARDS AND CONFERENCE
ALLOW PEOPLE WORKING
FOR STUDENT RADIO
STATIONS TO LEARN,
DEVELOP AND NETWORK.
THE SRA HOLD TRAINING
DAYS IN WHICH STUDENT
RADIO STATIONS CAN
DEVELOP THEIR SKILLS. THEY
ALSO GIVE FREE
ENTRY INTO THE RADIO
ACADEMY.
MUSIC COPYRIGHT (2 WITHIN A SONG, THERE ARE 2 VARIABLES THAT ARE
DIFFERENT TYPES COPYRIGHTED FOR PROTECTION, THE FIRST
COPYRIGHT BEING THE MUSICAL COMPOSITION AND
THE SECOND COPYRIGHT BEING SOUND RECORDING.
THE MUSICAL COMPOSITION COPYRIGHT IS TO
PROTECT THE SONGS WRITTEN ATTRIBUTES, SO THE
LYRICS OF THE SONG OR THE WRITTEN COMPOSITIONS FOR THE
INSTRUMENTS, AND CAN ALSO BE TO PROTECT THE AUDIO
RECORDING OF COMPOSITIONS. THIS COPYRIGHT MATERIAL IS
OWNED BY COMPOSER AND/OR LYRICIST (GENERALLY THE SAME
PERSON). THE SOUND RECORDING COPYRIGHT ON THE OTHER
HAND IS TO PROTECT THE SOUND THAT HAS BEEN ASSEMBLED
FROM ALL ASPECTS AND IS THE FINISHED PRODUCT, SO, IN OTHER
WORDS, THE SOUNDTRACK PLAYED BY CONSUMERS. THIS
COPYRIGHT MATERIAL IS THE OWNED PROPERTY OF THE FIXED
MUSIC PERFORMER (ARTIST) AND THE RECORD PRODUCER/ SOUND
ENGINEER THAT PIECES EVERYTHING TOGETHER TO CREATE THE
FINAL SONG.
A TRANSMITTER IN TERMS OF USE IN RADIO IS THE DEVICE, WHICH
CONTROLS THE RANGE OF THE RADIO STATION. THE MORE POWER
COSTINGS FOR A
PUT INTO THE TRANSMISSION, THE LARGER THE RANGE. HAVING A
STREAMING STATION
HIGHER RANGE MEANS A LARGER AUDIENCE AND THE BETTER THE
(ADD LINKS TO ITEMS SIGNAL, SO IT IS DEFINITELY WORTH LOOKING INTO.
REQUIRED)
1WATT 1-2 MILES
5W 3-4M
15W 6M
30W 9M
100W 15M
300W 30M

LIVE STREAMING HTTPS://UK.RADIOKING.COM/ (PRO: 32/MONTH)

WEBSITES THAT CAN HTTP://VOSCAST.COM/ (PLAN F: 32/MONTH)
HOST OUR RADIO HTTP://WWW.RADIONOMY.COM/ (FREE)
STATION HTTPS://WWW.AIRTIME.PRO/ (PREMIUM: $99.95/MONTH)
HTTPS://UK.RADIOKING.COM/ (PRO: 32/MONTH)
HTTPS://WWW.BROADCASTMATRIX.COM/ (GET A QUOTE)

ITEMS FOR AN FM PPL LICENSE (511 ANNUALLY)

RADIO STATION WITH REQUIRED TO BROADCAST RECORDED MUSIC.
COSTINGS TRANSMITTER (~1000+)
ENCODES THE RADIO SIGNAL SO IT CAN BE PICKED UP BY FM
RADIOS.
ANTENNA (~150)
SENDS AND RECEIVES RADIO SIGNALS.
COAXIAL CABLES (~30)
FOR TRANSMITTING SIGNAL LOCALLY (E.G. BETWEEN THE
TRANSMITTER AND ANTENNA).
AUDIO PLAYBACK & PROCESSOR SOFTWARE (RADIODJ/PLAYIT:
FREE)
FOR AUTOMATING THE BROADCAST OF RECORDED MEDIA (E.G
MUSIC OR PRE-RECORDED PROGRAMMES). SOME STATIONS ALSO
USE CDS OR EVEN VINYL.
THE PROCESSOR OPTIMIZES SOUND QUALITY.
MIXER (~250)
FOR CONTROLLING AUDIO OUTPUT. LETS YOU CHANGE LEVELS AND
EQUALISATION.
 SPEAKERS (~150)
MONITOR SPEAKERS FOR LISTENING TO THE
BROADCAST IN THE STUDIO.
TRANSMISSIONS
NEEDED FOR A FM
RADIO STATION

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRE-RECORDED MEANS THAT IT HAS BEEN DONE BEFORE

PART LIVE AND PRE- RECORDED AND THEN WILL BE PLAYED OUT. THIS MEANS IT CAN BE
RECORDED FOR EDITED AND MADE PERFECT, ENSURING NO MISTAKES AND
INTERNET RADIO INAPPROPRIATE LANGUAGE. PART-LIVE MEANS THAT IT IS MORE
RISKY AS MISTAKES CAN HAPPEN, BUT IT MAKES IT MORE PERSONAL
AND ENTERTAINING TO LISTEN TO. THERE IS MUCH MORE PRESSURE
WITH LIVE SHOWS AS WELL AND THE PRESENTERS HAVE TO BE
THERE AT A CERTAIN TIME, MEANING IT IS MUCH HARDER TO DO IT
TERMS OF WORKLOAD AS IT COULD INCLUDE EARLY MORNINGS.
PRE-RECORDED SHOWS MEANS THAT IT CAN BE RECORDED IN
BATCH, SO THE WORKLOAD ISNT AS SPREAD OUT AND TIME
CONSUMING.