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John E. McMurry
1
Naming Ethers
identify the two organic substituent's and adding the word ether
If other functional groups are present, the ether part is considered
an alkoxy substituent
O
H2C CH2
Epoxides (oxiranes)
2
Alcohols and Phenols are Weak pKa Values for Typical OH Compounds
Brnsted Acids
Weakly basic and weakly acidic
Can transfer a proton to water to a very small extent
Produces H3O+ and an alkoxide ion, RO, or a phenoxide ion, Alkyl
ArO groups
make an
alcohol a
weaker
acid
3
Reactions of Grignard Reagents with
Carbonyl Compounds
8.4 Reactions of Alcohols
Dehydration of an alcohol, the elimination of water, yields
an alkene
The general reaction: forming an alkene from an alcohol
through loss of OH and H (hence dehydration) of the
neighboring CH to give bond
Specific reagents are needed
3 > 2 > 1
Can be
accomplished by
inorganic
reagents, such as
KMnO4, CrO3,
and Na2Cr2O7 or
by more selective,
expensive
reagents
Periodinane is used for sensitive alcohols but Best method for the preparation of ethers
is more expensive
Alkoxides prepared by reaction of an alcohol with a strong
base such as sodium hydride, NaH
4
8.5 Reactions of Phenols
The reactions of phenols are quite different than
those of alcohols
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