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Tafseer 201
Modules 1 to 12 Notes
Bibi Hakh
6/25/2012
These notes are based on the lecture as well as the text provided by IOU for this course. I hope you find
them beneficial inshaAllah. If you find any mistakes in any of my notes please contact me at
Ummhajer@gmail.com. Please remember me in your duas. Was Salaam
Contents for Tafseer 201 Surah Yaaseen
Module 1 - Introduction, Names of the Soorah ........................................................................................... 5
Virtues of Surah ........................................................................................................................................ 5
Module 2 - Tafseer of verse number 2-4 pp. 12-15...................................................................................... 8
Verse 2 By the Perfected Quran............................................................................................................. 8
Summary of Verse 2 - Wal Quran- nil Hakeem - By the perfected Quran .......................................... 10
Verse 3 and 4 - Truly, you are one of the messengers, 4 on a Straight Path. ......................................... 10
Summary of Verse 3 Innaka la minal Mursaleen ............................................................................. 11
Verse 4 Al-la siratim mustaqeem The straight path ......................................................................... 11
Module 3 - Tafseer of verse number 5 & 6................................................................................................. 11
Verse 5 A Revelation from the All-Mighty, the Most Merciful ............................................................ 11
6. In order that you may warn a people whose forefathers were not warned, so they are heedless ... 13
Module 4 - Tafseer of verse number 7 & 8................................................................................................. 15
Verse 7 - Surely the Word has proved true against most of them, so they will not believe. ................. 15
8. Indeed, I have shackled their hands to their necks under their chins, so that their heads are
propped up ............................................................................................................................................. 17
Module 5 - Tafseer of verse number 9 11 ............................................................................................... 18
9. And I have put a barrier in front of them, and behind them, and I have covered them in darkness so
that they cannot see. .............................................................................................................................. 18
10. It is the same to them whether you warn them or you do not warn them, they will not believe ... 18
11. You can only warn him who follows the Reminder, and fears the Most Beneficent in private. Give
him the good news of forgiveness and a precious reward. .................................................................... 19
Module 6 - Tafseer of verse number 11 13 ............................................................................................. 21
11. You can only warn him who follows the Reminder, and fears the Most Beneficent in private. Give
him the good news of forgiveness and a precious reward. .................................................................... 21
12. Surely, only I give life to the dead, and I record what they do and its effects and I have recorded
everything in detail in a Clear Book. ....................................................................................................... 22
Module 7 - Tafseer of verse number 13 15 ............................................................................................. 23
13. And tell them the parable about the residents of the town, when Messengers came to them. ..... 23
14. When I sent to them two Messengers, they denied both of them, so I reinforced them with a third.
They said: Indeed, we have been sent to you as messengers. ............................................................ 24
15. They replied: You are only human beings like ourselves, and the Most Gracious has revealed
nothing. You are only telling lies. .......................................................................................................... 24
Module 8 - Tafseer of verse number 16 18 ............................................................................................. 26
16-17. The Messengers said: Our Lord knows that we have been sent as messengers to you 17 and
our duty is only to convey [the message] plainly. ................................................................................. 27
18. The people said: Indeed, we see in you an evil omen. If you do not stop, we will stone you or
make you suffer a painful punishment. ................................................................................................ 28
Module 9 - Tafseer of verse number 19 24 .............................................................................................. 28
19. They replied: Your evil omens are from yourselves! Is it because you were advised? Truly you are
transgressing people. ............................................................................................................................ 28
20. And a man came running from the farthest part of the town, saying: O my people! Follow the
messengers; 21. Follow those who ask no payment from you, and who are rightly guided. .............. 29
22. And why shouldnt I worship the One who has created me and the One to whom you will all be
returned. ............................................................................................................................................... 30
23. Should I take others as gods besides Him? If the Most Gracious wishes to harm me, their
intercession will not benefit me in the least, nor can they save me. 24 Then indeed, I would clearly
be in error.............................................................................................................................................. 31
Module 10 - Tafseer of verse number 25 31 ............................................................................................ 32
25. Indeed, I have believed in your Lord, so listen to me! .................................................................. 32
26. It was said: Enter Paradise. He said: If only my people knew! 27 that my Lord has forgiven me,
and put me among those who are honored ......................................................................................... 32
28. And I did not send against his people after him a host from heaven, nor did I need to send them.
29 It only took a single shriek and they were suddenly silent. ............................................................... 33
30. What a pity for humankind! Whenever a messenger came to them, they mocked him. ................ 33
31. Do they not see how many of the generations before them I have destroyed? Indeed, they will not
return to them. 32 And surely, every one of them will be brought before Me. .................................... 34
Module 11 - Tafseer of verse number 32 35 ........................................................................................... 35
33. There is a sign for them in the dead land. I give it life and I bring out of it grains, so that they may
eat from it. .............................................................................................................................................. 37
34. And I put in it gardens of date palms and grapes, and I caused springs of water to gush forth within
it 35 so that they may eat from its fruit, which their hands did not produce. Will they not, then, give
thanks? .................................................................................................................................................... 37
Module 12 - Tafseer of verse number 36 40 ........................................................................................... 39
36. Glory be to Him, Who has created the earths produce in pairs, as well as their own kind, and that
which they do not know about ............................................................................................................... 39
37. And a sign for them is the night; I remove the day, and behold, they are in darkness .................... 40
38. And the Sun runs on its course to a place of settling. That is the decree of the All-Mighty, the All-
Knowing .................................................................................................................................................. 40
39. And I have fixed phases for the moon (to traverse) until it returns curved like an old date stalk ... 41
40. It is not possible for the sun to overtake the moon, nor for the night to overtake the day. Each of
them swims in a separate orbit. ............................................................................................................. 41
TAF 201 Tafseer of Surah Yaseen
Virtues of Surah
Some Surah given a certain value example Surah Iklas is equivalent to 1/3 of the Quran-
because the surah is focused on Allah who He is and who He is not
Some chapters are given special status
Surah Yaseen in the minds of people have a high status /special
Most people know it for the surah read for the dead
3. Forgiveness of sin
Aboo Hurayrah related that the Messenger of Allaah () said, Whoever recites YaaSeen during
the night seeking the pleasure of Allaah, will be forgiven in that same night. Not authentic
4. Special needs
People feel if they recite Surah Yaaseen all they needs would be taken cared off.
Ataa ibn Abee Rabaah said, It reached me that Allaahs Messenger () said, Whoever recites
YaaSeen in the beginning of the day will find all his needs taken care of. (not authentic)
Conclusion
No authentic narration regarding the virtues of Surah Yaaseen
The Quran in general is a Shifa cure for sickness in the heart
We may read the Quran whenever we are depressed or sick or to reflect on Allah or on any
occasion
To assign special value, which the Prophet did not assign, to certain verses or certain Surah is
wrong and can be a bidah.
The Quran being used in this way (specific verse for specific sickness/problem) become a
business being abused a tragedy in the Muslim world today
It is important for us to put the Quran where it belongs in our hearts
The Quran as a whole we should have in our lives
An incidence where a companion came to the prophet and said another person recites Surah
Iklas in every rakaah The prophet called this man and ask him why he do this the man said
that because he loved this surah the Prophet affirmed this
So to read often any surah that we like is perfectly fine
No harm in reciting Surah Yaaseen regularly if it touches ones heart but have the right
intention we should not do so believing in the inauthentic narrations and expecting what the
inauthentic narrations said
Let us understand and reflect on the message of Surah Yaseen
Bismillah hir Rahman nir Raheem
at the beginning of each surah is not part of revelation and not considered part of the Quran
Was put there as a divider to know where the surah starts
Ya Seen
Two letter of 14 letter (Alif, Laam, Meem, Saad, Raa, Kaaf, Haa, Yaa, Ayn, Taa, Seen, Haa, Qaaf,
and Noon) used at the beginning of some surahs
Known - collectively called al-Huroof al-Muqattaaat (The Disjointed Letters).
Letters have no obvious meaning
Something new for the Arabs for it to come at the beginning
Arabs used letters in poem but it always comes after something indicating what it is meant
Even in hadeeth there is use of letters but again after something not before
The companions (early scholars Abu Bakr, Ali, and others) said that these letters, verses are
among the things whose meanings are hidden the mutashaabihat (unclear). Meaning known
only to Allah.
It is HE who reveal the verses to you in it are clear verses and the obscure (the mutashaabihat)
It is He who revealed the Book to you; in it are clear (muhkamaat) verses which are the essence of
the Book (umm al-kitaab) and others which are obscure (mutashaa-bihaat). As for those whose
hearts are twisted, they follow the obscure, seeking to sow discord and searching for its inner
meanings, but no one knows its inner meaning except Allaah. Those firmly grounded in knowledge
say, We believe in it, as it is all from our Lord. Yet, none will realize (this) except the wise. (Soorah
Aal Imraan, 3: 7)
Scholars say that they may have a meaning and reflected and said
o To catch the attention of the Arabs new style (but within the realm of eloquence) so it
would caught their attention
o Part of a challenge Allah pose to the Arabs these same letter that you use to make
your poetry the Quran is made of it but yet you are unable to imitate it.
o Vast majority of places right after it the Quran would be mentions
Ya Seen wal Quran ul Hakeem
Alif, Laam Meem, thalikal kitab
Presence of letters
o represent a part of the Quran whose meanings we do not know
o Done deliberately by Allah can become a place of fitnah for those who want to change
the message.
o The delve into these areas of obscurity and introduce ideas that are foreign to its
meaning
Other verses Muhqamat the clear verses
o Other people also claim that these verses are mutashaabihaat (obscure unclear
verses)
o Verses with Allah hands, face mentioned in the Quran, the Prophet recited them and
the Sahaba heard them and had no issues but later when Greek philosophy enter the
start to question and deny these verses deny their obvious meanings
o Eg. All Seeing they interpret it to mean He knows because All Seeing means one has
eyes and they do not want to attribute eyes to Allah
o All Hearing (implies He has ears) interpret their own way
o Greek Philosophy Allah is unknowable so they will reject all these attributes
o Allah said in Surah Shura verse 11 Lysa ca-miss lee hee-shai wa hu was samee-ul-
aleem There is nothing like Him and He is the All Hearer and the All Seeing.
o We accept Him as He is but also understand He is not like us
o Those who deviated
Shia attributed to their Imams special qualities
Sufi attributed to their saints similar qualities
o These deviant groups went back to the Quran and try to match their deviant believes to
the Quran by turning the clear text to obscure text
o This practice taking the clear verses and turn to obscure text the Prophet warned
about this
Aisha reported that the Prophet said If you meet those who seek out the
obscure verses they are the ones who Allah has named in the Quran.
Example the Shia take the verse about where the two seas come together
Surah Rahman
They claim that the two seas are Ali and Faatima
What comes from the two seas are the pearl and the corals
Shia claim that it is Hassan and Hussein (it is not pearl and corals)
Swearing
By the Perfected Quran
To do so by anything is forbidden
We are only allowed to make an oath by Allah wallahi
Allah swear by His Creations in many cases example - Buruj - stars, figs and olives Allah can
swear by His creations - not us
Oath is for emphasis attention grabber
Allah is speaking using Arabic grammar and terminology and common use of oath
Swearing by Quran to say something
Describe it as Al Hakeem
One of the names of the Quran an attribute or description of Quran
Hakeem means wise but has other meanings
Quran commonly described as the Holy Quran
Holy Quran - not bad term but taken from non-Muslims
Holy Quran and Holy Prophet common usage among Muslims
Allah never used this term not found in the Quran nor in the Sunnah
We should use the description that Allah used example Azeem, Qareem
Product of colonization the non-Muslims called their book Holy Bible
We imitate their practice which is not correct it can be considered bidah
The Quran is our holy book this is perfectly ok to say
To call the Quran The Holy Quran considered bidah
Correct this from following Islam as it was revealed free from changes brought about by
people who were not rightly guided
Good deed has to be one prescribed by Allah and His Messenger and done in the way the
Prophet did it both principles have to be present for it to be a good deed
Al Hakeem
Most of the classical scholars of Tafseer favored the meaning perfected,
Wise
Means both Muhkim and Mukham
Muhkim perfects
Muhkam it is perfected verses of Quran are Muhkaamat clear meaning free from
imperfection
Nisa vs 42 Do they not reflect on the Quraan? Had it been from other than Allaah, they would
surely have found in it many contradictions.
Surah Hud - Alif-Laam-Raa. This is a Book whose verses are perfected and explained in detail by
One who is all-wise, all-aware. (Soorah Hood, 11: 1)
Hakim The ultimate judge
O you who believe! Obey Allaah and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you.
And if you differ in anything amongst yourselves, refer it to Allaah and His Messenger, if you
really believe in Allaah and the Last Day. That is better and more suitable for final
determination. (Soorah an-Nisaa, 4: 59)
Wise the way the verses are arranged a reading order to convey the message in the best
way
Why arent the verses in the order they were revealed?
Allah revealed the verses in response to situations happening in the prophets life
It came piece by piece appropriately
Jibreel told the prophet where to put what the order this order is in accordance of the
Quran which is in Lawhil Mahfooz
An order for reading and order for revelation
Had it been set up in the order of revelation then the reading would follow an unnatural
order for the reader
Affirms the miraculous origin of the Quran
Wisdom of the Quran
Using strong and harsh verses
Using soft verses at time
Reason are given in many cases for the commands
Example cover yourself so that they would be known and not harmed (reason given)
Prohibition of gambling, fortune telling etc. reason forbidden work of Satan plus it would
prevent us from Salaah, create enmity amongst us (when you lost in gambling you hate the
person whom you lost to)
Alcohol causes people to do things where their hatred heightened to harm person
Allah describe the wisdom behind the legislative laws in the Quran
Allah does not command arbitrary there is benefit for us
This makes us more accepting of the things Allah command where He does not give the reasons
the benefit maybe too deep for us to grasp so He does not tell us or it could be a part of the
test so he withheld the reason for the prohibition.
The tree which Adam and Eve was not allowed to eat from it was forbidden to them for a
reason maybe the fruit was harmful Allah prohibited it because of the harm in it
Not because we do not know the harm in it this should stop us to obey
There is wisdom in everything that Allah has created and command part of our trust in Allah
Are you submitting because you know the reason or because you believed in Me (Allah) and
trusted Me?
Critical thinking (Why?) is good but not with everything
Ali ibn Abi Talib if the religion was based simply on knowing reason then we would wipe the
bottom of our socks not the top but I saw the Prophet wiped the top and not the bottom.
Wisdom of Allah in Quran Style of presentation
Allah wisely introduced a new style in the poetry of the Arabs to catch their attention
Introduce a new style of presentation start a verse with a statement and end with Question or
vice versa
Or start with a command and end with a prohibition or vice versa
Different but did not leave the realm of the eloquent introduce a new style
Verse begins with first person and ends up with third person this style later become part of
Arab poetry
Verse 3 and 4 - Truly, you are one of the messengers, 4 on a Straight Path.
Purpose of the oath was to stress the fact that the prophet was among the messengers of Allah
Verse repeated in Quran elsewhere These are the signs of Allaah which I recite to you in
truth, and truly, you are one of the Messengers. (Soorah al-Baqarah, 2: 252) this is a Madinan
verse (came after Surah Ya Seen)
o This verse contains 3 grammatical instruments of emphases
o Inna, la and preceded by the oath
Why so much emphasis? Emphasizing that Allah send messengers Emphasizing that Allah
conveyed His message to Human kind
Allah cares about all of His creations He is not like us Allah sees His creation in the same way
unlike us we see them differently - we dont see the bigger picture
Allah in His wisdom created human being and did not leave them without guidance
This is from the mercy of Allah to provide guidance for us
He also created us with a consciousness of good and evil
Significance of messengers
To convey Allahs guidance to His creation (mankind)
Also as a rejection of the statement of the disbelievers - Those who disbelieve say: You are not
a Messenger. (Soorah ar-Rad, 13: 43)
A rebuke to the disbelievers who deny Prophet Muhammads messenger-ship.
Addressing the primary role of the Prophet last - the seal and the completion
The information he brought was not from himself
o Whatever the messenger told us is from Allah
o He did not speak from his own desires it was revelation
o Whoever obeyed the messenger has obeyed Allah.
Prophet described himself with respect to the other prophets
Hadeeth:I am among the prophets like a man who builds a house well and beautifies it, except
for the place of one brick in a corner. The people then began to walk around it and were amazed
saying, If only the missing brick were put in its place. He then said, I am the brick and I am the
seal of the prophets. (Bukhari)
This rejects the claim of Ghulam Ahmad as being the last prophet He said that when Allah
describe the Prophet in the Quran as katamun nabee yeen (sealed of prophet) he say katamul
means ring as ring beautify the hand it was the beautification of prophet hood so he claim
there is still room for him and claim he is the last prophet. Rejects authentic hadeeth
Understanding of sahaba also denies or rejects what he claims.
o Musaylama and others claims prophet hood Abu Bakr and other companions join forces
and fought them because of their claim
o Best of generations are the Sahaba so take the understanding of the religion from
them
Allah repeats this verse due to its importance and in different circumstances bringing out
different aspects of its meaning
o This is why story of Moses and Pharaoh is repeated several times in the Quran but every
time there is something different that is brought out.
6. In order that you may warn a people whose forefathers were not warned, so
they are heedless
There were prophets sent so why warn a people whose forefathers were not warned?
Referring to The period between the time of Ismael and the Prophet Muhammad fatrah
(between prophet)
During this period the message became distorted
Prophet Ismael was not sent to call all the people of Arabia
Prophet Jesus was not sent to the Arabs He was in the north- message restricted to that area
No organized and systematic presentation of the message to the Arabs
For the Jews many prophets came (Sulayman, Dawood eg) a number of prophets came but
none in the area of Mecca
The message they had in Arabia was just what trickled down from the prophets in other areas
When Prophet Muhammad (saw) came the practices were so different from the real message
Surah Sajdah vs 3 Or they say he has fabricated it (Muhammad saw) know that it is the truth
from your Lord who may warn a people to whom no warner has come before you in order that
they may be guided
People who did not receive the message Allah has a special rule for them
People who are insane, children, senile, those who die between two messengers
Children of believers do not necessarily go to paradise eg son of Noah, boy whose parents were
righteous but Khidr killed him.
For all those who did not hear the message
A judgment will take place for them on the Day of Judgment and Allah will be their messenger
Allah is their messenger
People will be given a choice and they will choose
Those who obey will go to Paradise and who disobey will go to Hell
Four [groups of people] will be brought [before Allaah] on the Day of Resurrection: the newly born, the
mentally insane, those who died in the period between two messengers, and the senile. Each will
present his case. Then the Lord will tell a flame from the Hellfire to come out. He will then say, I used to
send to My slaves messengers from among themselves. Today I am My own messenger to you. So
enter this fire. Those destined for Hell will say, Our Lord, how can we enter it when we were supposed
to escape from it? Then the ones destined to be happy will rush forth and jump into it without
hesitation. Allaah will say to those who refused, You would have been even more disbelieving and
disobedient to My messengers. Then He put the second group [i.e. those who obeyed Allaah and
jumped in] in Paradise, and the first group in the Hellfire.
Lessons:
Allah swear by the Quran
Affirming its importance
Living miracle of the Prophet that will stay with people until the last day
Reason for which Allah has sworn - To emphasize the messengership of the Prophet as an expression of
His might and greatness and at the same time expression of His mercy
Prepares the reader to enter into another element of belief and disbelief
Shifting from the Quran and messenger-ship to punishment and the reason why punishment has been
prescribed
Allah does not hold anyone accountable for their sins, for their errors / mistakes unless the message has
gotten to them
The message will come to every human being before Allah Judge them Justice of Allah
If they did not hear the message in this world they will get that opportunity in the hereafter
Completeness of this message and of Islam
Review
Whose forefathers were not warned no Prophet for thousands of years
Distinct from the Jews who were warned consistently from the time of Abraham and Ismaeel
had Ishaaq and David, Solomon and so on message preserve because of this
In Arabia after Prophet Ismaeel there was no prophet
Arabs had idols
Concept of the people of fatrah interval between messengers and the those who did not
receive the message (senile, died as a child, havent heard message) how does Allah judge them
Verse 7 - Surely the Word has proved true against most of them, so they will not believe.
The Word
Means the word requiring punishment proved to be true became obligatory on them
No matter what they /we do they will not believe
Verse of comfort for the Prophet no matter what the Prophet do they will not change so
dont be sad about it
Punishment becomes obligatory for those who deserve it, so that no one can claim that Allaah
forced him to commit sins.
And if I had willed, indeed I could have given guidance to every person, but the Word from Me proved
true that I would fill Hell with jinn and humankind together. (Soorah as-Sajdah, 32: 13)
Reason why they would not believe?
It is a product of their choice
Surah Al Saff vs. 5 When they turned away from the path of Allah, then Allah turned aside
their hearts Allah did not fixed their state but He knew their state before He created them
Allah created some people for paradise and some for Hell Hadeeth
Everyone will find the way for which he was created made easy for him so
o If you choose the way to Paradise Allah will make it easy for you and
o If you chose Hell -> Allah will make it easy for you too
o So you chose it / the path and Allah made it easy for you
Allah looks into the hearts of His Creatures Human and Jinns those with choices guide those
who deserve guidance and leaves astray those who do not
Against most of them, (Soorah Hood, 11: 17)
Means most of people will be from among the Hell fire
Example: Abu Talib is in Hell because of his choice he had a great opportunity for Jannah he
raised and defended the prophet yet he did not choose to follow the Prophet
But most of the humankind do not believe.
Hadeeth: Who are the denizens of Hell? I will be said, They are nine hundred and ninety-nine
out of every thousand. and every pregnant one will drop her load, and you shall see
humankind in a drunken state, yet they will not be drunk, but the torment of Allah will be
severe. you would constitute one-fourth of the inhabitants of Paradise I hope that you will
constitute one half of the people of Paradise.
o Most people will not believe
o From the ummah of the Prophet who receive the message - they will be a large
portion
o Other half or three quarter are from the followers of the other prophets
Indeed, you cannot guide whom you like, but Allaah guides whom He wills. And He knows best
those who are the guided. (Soorah al-Qasas, 28: 56)
8. Indeed, I have shackled their hands to their necks under their chins, so that their heads
are propped up
Literal meaning of verse I have put shackles on their necks but in this context it means
their hands were shackled to their necks.
According to Ibn Abbaas verse has same meaning as And do not let your hand be tied to your
neck. (al-Israa, 17: 29)
Meant that their hands are tied to their necks preventing them from stretching them out in
order to do good deeds
Hands tied to neck cant do anything for self
So that their heads are propped up
Means that their heads were raised up and their hand were placed over their mouths.
Hands are shackled to their neck head propped up way of humiliation these are people
who used to walk in this world looking down at everyone else now they are forced to keep
head up in this state
Some narration hands covering their mouth so cant even speak
State of humiliation because of their pride in this world majority that end up in hell will end
up in this state
Lessons:
1. Reminder to believers in this life you suffer (the people were suffering in Mecca at this time A
Meccan revelation) so they will not get away if not punished in this life they will get it in the next
life
Dont lose hope dont feel distress
Allah created it this way knowing that the majority will not believer
So rejoice that you have been chosen to be a believer to be one in a thousand to go to
Jannah
2. Warning to disbeliever of the pitiful state of disbeliever in the next world perhaps some of them
would read this and wake up and change their lives
Coming verses Allah describe those who have rejected faith
Why most people go to Hell - Wisdom of it all Allah knows best
For us to have that test for the good aspect of the believer to come out one is put through the
test of having more disbelievers
Do not be deluded of the success of the disbelievers in this world their end would be hell
3. Encouragement for believers to be patient dont be tempted, or discouraged feel reassured that
you are on the right path
Al Furqan the distinction between right and wrong The Quran
To know the straight path we need to see the crooked path
9. And I have put a barrier in front of them, and behind them, and I have
covered them in darkness so that they cannot see.
10. It is the same to them whether you warn them or you do not warn them,
they will not believe
Means Allaah has decreed that they will be misguided, so warning them will not help them,
nor will it have any effect on them
will not believe even if every sign came to them, until they see the painful torment. (Soorah
Younus, 10: 96-7)
To guide these kinds of people become almost impossible
But still we cannot give up we have to give them dawah
Change can happen gradually - as long as they are alive and still listening there is hope
Story of Ghaylaan the Qadarite
Example story of Ghaylaan the Qadarite promoting free will and denying Qadr
Others like him were executed by others caliph
Umar ibn Abdil Azeez continue to give him dawah
See text for details
Lessons:
1. Warning to the disbelievers
State will not change whether they are warned or not locked into that state
Clarification for the believer there would be many people like this so be patient
2. Reassurance for the Messenger Allah comforted the Prophet
It was already decree that they would be punished and would not believe
3. Warning until the last minute Prophet continue to warn the people even though hope was lost
2 opinions
o warning should continue even when hope is lost
o Warning should not be given if hope is lost - Therefore give reminders, if the reminder is
beneficial. (Soorah al-Alaa, 87: 9)
o Other scholars say we dont know if reminders would be beneficial so as long as they
would listen we should continue to give the message
o We have to convey the message and Allah take people to account
11. You can only warn him who follows the Reminder, and fears the Most
Beneficent in private. Give him the good news of forgiveness and a precious
reward.
Allah shift to the believers
Review
Description of disbelievers and their state and how it is impossible for them to change because
they have chosen not to turn to Islam
Purpose of the messengers guidance to the straight path brought wisdom and guidance to a
people whom he will meet opposition
Most of them would not believe so dont lose hope
Anyone giving dawah will go through similar kind of people
Verse 11 Allah shifted to the believers and their qualities Allah describes those who would
benefit from the message of the Quran
Quran will benefit only those who fear Allah This is a book in which there is no doubt, a
guidance for those who fear / are conscious of Allah (Surah Bakarah).
Two principles:
1. Belief - in its contents and what they imply.
2. Action - Following its commands and avoiding its prohibitions live in accordance with it -
Practice
11. You can only warn him who follows the Reminder, and fears the Most
Beneficent in private. Give him the good news of forgiveness and a precious
reward.
Ar-Rahman mercy for both believers and non-believers
Ar-Raheem mercy specific for the believers
12. Surely, only I give life to the dead, and I record what they do and its effects
and I have recorded everything in detail in a Clear Book.
Allah shift the focus to Himself and how both category would be dealt with
Reminder to the Prophet and those who follow him of the good news that they will be rewarded
(reinforcement of the previous verse)
Records those who disbelief it is not hidden - they will be exposed, they will be punished
Disbelief is like death spiritual death Allah can give life to the dead (the one who disbelief)
The founder of Christianity, Saul of Tarsus, wrote in Acts 2:22 regarding Jesus: Men of Israel, hear these
words: Jesus of Nazareth, a man attested to you by God with mighty works and wonders and signs which
God did through him in your midst, as you yourselves know
13. And tell them the parable about the residents of the town, when
Messengers came to them.
Parables are ways by which ideas are made simpler in life (turtle and hare slow and steady wins
race)
Allah love from us consistency even if it is small deeds more please to Allah
And tell them the parable about the residents of the town,
Comes in the form of a story
Story brought for a the message it contains - without the details of names of places and people
Story about messengers sent to a town
True stories not made up.
Lesson is in the story itself
Story of a town of the past who rejected the messengers who was sent to them
Purpose of the story
o Comfort for the Prophet he was under major opposition, rejection, called magician, tortured
companions etc.
o He is not alone generally when the prophet came their people rejected them
o Message for the believers and disbelievers
o Believers to hold their ground know what they are going through was experience by those
before them
o Disbelievers warning of the consequence for disbelief/rejecting the message
When messengers came to them,
Name of messengers not mentioned, nor name of place/town not important
Messengers sent by Allah from among the many messengers Allah sent
How many prophets were sent? The Prophet () replied, One hundred and twenty four
thousand in all and among them were three hundred and fifteen prophets with books. Quite a
large group.
14. When I sent to them two Messengers, they denied both of them, so I
reinforced them with a third. They said: Indeed, we have been sent to you as
messengers.
Allah supports His messengers by miracles or by companions or by providing other prophets eg.
Musa was given support with Haroon
They said: Indeed, we have been sent to you as messengers,
They informed the people that they are messengers
Message worship Allah and avoid false gods (16:36) one message shared by all prophets of
Allah
People to whom they were sent were idolaters
15. They replied: You are only human beings like ourselves, and the Most
Gracious has revealed nothing. You are only telling lies.
And the Most Gracious has revealed nothing. You are only telling lies,
Complete denial of messenger-ship without any evidence to support their denial
Common argument people hold God has revealed nothing
Did no warner come to you? They will say: Yes, indeed a warner did come to us, but we
denied him and said: Allaah never revealed anything. (Soorah al-Mulk, 67: 8-9)
They did not give Allaah the value due to Him when they said: Allaah did not reveal anything
to any human being. (Soorah al-Anaam, 6: 91)1
Did not give Him the proper status.
Implied devalued Allah. Accused Him or described Him in a way that lowered His status
Common argument of those who deny religion this world is just a speck
They are reducing Allah to being like themselves
There is design everywhere Allah created this world with design it was not accidental
Most people accept there is a God
Deism which simply states that God created the world and left it to run on its own
The process by which human beings are informed is known as revelation and the one who
receives the revelation is called a prophet/messenger, and the way of life by which human
beings may realize their purpose is called the True Religion of God.
Module 8 - Tafseer of verse number 16 18
Verse 15 continued
A parable in story format 2 messengers sent, rejected then 3rd sent
Message to obey / follow one God - rejected based on 2 reasons
1. Messenger human being (they wanted angel). If angel sent no trial
2. Allah did not reveal anything the messengers are lying
People belief in God but not in a religion Their reasons are as follows:
1. The world and human beings are too insignificant in the universe for God to be bothered with.
Reducing God to human being
Contained an accusation against Allah He was acting frivolously
Did you think that I had created you frivolously? (Soorah al-Muminoon, 23: 115
Whatever Allah does he does it with good reasons
If human beings were not told of their purpose they would not know what to do eg. When you
make machine you make manual with it and to set it up, send technician to install common
sense that one need guidance. Allah created us and give us that guidance
Had he not sent messengers would make Him inferior to us
There is purpose in creating us For us to know this purpose Allah send both the message and
the messenger (manual and technician)
Belief in God necessitate belief in the messenger and the message
2. All religions claim their teachings are correct and everyone else is incorrect
Their conclusion all religion wrong, no one is correct
They rule out the possibility that one could be correct and all the others are wrong
The correct religion can be determined by examining the claims of each and judging whether or
not they fulfill the criteria of the True Religion of God.
4. False teachings in all the major religions are proof that they are all man-made
Weak argument how does one determine what is false what criterion?
Teachings have to be looked at objectively not subjectively
Teachings should come from a practical and logical perspective of human experience
Criminal system is a real failure
Benefit prove that it is a good law
Use a lesser evil/harm (example cut off hand of thief) to prevent a greater evil - harm done is
greater evil
16-17. The Messengers said: Our Lord knows that we have been sent as
messengers to you 17 and our duty is only to convey [the message] plainly.
They did not go into any argument with the people Allah is sufficient as a witness
They focus on delivering the message.
Regardless of what the people say, Allaah knows the reality of their situation and that is all that
matters to them.
Their responsibility was only to clearly convey the message not to make / force people to
accept Islam Guidance is with Allah.
Same responsibility placed on all messengers and all of us
Duty is to convey the message They try to guide people by Irshad (see below)
Convey the message guiding them providing a clear picture of what is expected of them
Islam is a spiritual choice everyone has to make that choice for themselves
All of us have a Qareen one from the Jinn who urges us to do evil
One from among the angels who are assigned to us to guide us
Hadeeth in Musnad Ahmad: A parable of a straight path.
o On either side is a wall with open door and curtain hanging down over the open
doorways. At the top of the path there is a caller saying go straight all of you on the
path and do not deviate. Above him is another caller whenever anyone tries to open
any of these doors he says: woe to you do not open it for if you do so you will go
through it. The path is Islam, the open doors are the things Allah forbidden. The
curtains hanging over the doorways are the limits of Allah. The caller at the top of the
path is the Quran and the one above him is one who admonishes for Allah sake and is
present in each Muslims heart.
Sometimes called Ilhaam (inspiration) from Allah
The prophets response Allah knows we are messengers and our job is to convey the message
Guidance
Guidance comes in different ways revelation, true dreams to the Prophet etc
See the text (pg. 42 to 46) for details on the 10 different types of guidance
- The first 3 - Allah speaking directly to His slave (Musa), revelation from Allah, sending a
messenger from the angels to human (hadeeth of Jibreel) these 3 specific to Prophets only
- Premonition (tahdeeth), Ifhaam (grant understanding), General clarification (bayaan), Grace
(tawfeeq), Guidance of hearing (Al Ismaa), Inspiration (Ilhaam), true dreams
There are two types of guidance:
o Irshad - guidance of enlightenment and clarification, and give Dawah this is what we have
to do
o guidance of tawfeeq [being granted success in following that guidance] comes from Allah
Allaahumma innee as-aluka khayrahaa wa khayra maa jabaltahaa alayh wa aouthu bika min sharrihaa
wa sharri maa jabaltahaaalayh. [O Allaah, I ask You for the best of her and the best of what You have
made a part of her nature, and seek refuge in You from her evil and the evil You have made a part of her
nature.]
This parable was to let the Prophet know that he is not alone the other messengers went through the
same not new
Death treats dont stops will kill you
Transgress in 3 ways:
1. Disbelieved in the messengers without any basis for doing so
All Prophets were given something that would convince the people of their prophethood eg.
miracles
2. Took evil omens from the messengers when the messengers were, in fact, good omens
If the people of the towns had believed and had piety, certainly, I would have opened for
them blessings from the heaven and the earth, instead they declared the messengers liars.
So I afflicted them for what they earned. (Soorah al-Araaf, 7: 96)
Rejection, extreme position, their transgression they would be destroyed
3. Threatened the messengers with harm
Messengers bringing salvation for them a message of guidance words
They threatened with death
20. And a man came running from the farthest part of the town, saying: O my
people! Follow the messengers; 21. Follow those who ask no payment from
you, and who are rightly guided.
And a man came running from the farthest part of the town
Indicates the strength of his love for good and his desire to repel evil.
Sincere concern for good came fast when he heard the people rejecting the messengers
Left the area of city and came running to defend prophet and declare his faith to convince the
people to do the same
22. And why shouldnt I worship the One who has created me and the One to
whom you will all be returned.
And why shouldnt I worship the One who has created me,
He didnt say: Why shouldnt you worship? subtleness in the dawah
Goes back to Ruboobeeya should lead us to worship Allah alone out of gratitude
Allahs dominion over all things He is in control of everything and all that He has given us
we should praise Him and thank Him (subhanAllah, Alhamdulillah)
O humankind! Worship your Lord, who created you and those who were before you so that
you may become pious. (Soorah al-Baqarah, 2: 21)
Yet they have taken besides Him other gods (for worship) who created nothing but are
themselves created. (Soorah al-Furqaan, 25: 3)
Causing them to reflect if Allah wish harm for them can their idols benefit, prevent, protect
them from harm
Their tradition not rational they just inherited to believe in idols
If the Most Gracious wishes to harm me, their intercession will not benefit me in the least, nor can
they save me.
Idols cannot do anything they would not be able to intercede or help in any way
Only Allah prevents harm and brings good so why worship these idols?
The only one to worship is the one who can bring good
From no perspective do the idols deserve to be worshipped
If the Most Gracious wishes to harm me
o Calling Allah the Most Merciful/Gracious even when He Harms us there is good in the
harm sometime to prevent a greater harm
o Allah is most Merciful regardless of our circumstances
Corruption has appeared on land and sea because of what the hands of men have earned, that
He may make them taste a part of that which they have done, in order that they may return.
(Soorah ar-Room, 30: 41)
o This is the mercy in Allah he make them suffer so they reflect and come back to the
right path as opposed to wipe them all out
Their intercession will not benefit me in the least, nor can they save me
If Allah wishes harm the idols cannot save them
Summary
Accusation of messenger of being evil omen should fall on the people themselves
Necessity for those who understand the truth to step forward and convey the message of Allah
Who is better in speech that one who calls to Allah and does righteous deeds I am from those who
submit
Declaring ones faith in public, conveying that message is required of each of us
If we believe in Allah there will be a time when our faith would be tested publicly
Man from the farthest part of city came to defend the messengers explaining logically to the
people why they should worship Allah alone and give up worshipping idols
So listen to me!
Openly calling them to belief in Allah
Announces his faith and confirming that the message has been delivered
And who is better in speech than he who invites to Allaah, does righteous deeds, and says: I
am one of the Muslims. (Soorah Fussilat, 41: 33)
Shows that he fears none but Allah
your Lord,
Still giving dawah
Their Lord and his Lord is the One Lord it is only Allah who created everyone
Allah is everyones Lord - His Dominion (Ruboobiyyah) encompasses all of His creation
26. It was said: Enter Paradise. He said: If only my people knew! 27 that my
Lord has forgiven me, and put me among those who are honored
It was said: Enter Paradise.
After he declared his faith he was murdered by the townspeople
Angels welcoming him to enter Jannah
Told to enter Paradise indicates that he is considered a martyr
Martyrs and righteous enter paradise
When your brethren were killed [on the day of Uhud], Allaah placed their souls inside green
birds which drink from the rivers of Paradise and eat from its fruits. Then they retire to the
golden lamps hanging from the shade of the throne
Martyrs will end up in Paradise except if one has a debt
Souls of the believers become birds in paradise and
Souls of the martyrs become the souls of the birds
28. And I did not send against his people after him a host from heaven, nor did
I need to send them. 29 It only took a single shriek and they were suddenly
silent.
Allahs angered is earned by transgressing the messengers and the allies of Allah
Revenge was very swift Allah did not delay it
Allah did not send an army of angels
It was only a thunder (a single shriek a sound that made them deaf and wiped them out)
A common pattern of people messengers faced with resistance from the people and killed the
messengers
Allah destroyed people in different ways
Final consequences end of this story
As people turn away from the message of Allah, face resistance, many killed and Allah took
revenge for them
30. What a pity for humankind! Whenever a messenger came to them, they
mocked him.
Summary of what goes on
This is in fact the common pattern
Allah informing the Prophet and the believers this is the standard pattern
There is difference of opinions who said this
Story told to give comfort to the Prophet when he was facing the trials these messengers faced
Cause for their sorrow and also indicating that the nations all rejected the messengers
Reassure the prophet (he is not the only messenger being rejected or mocked) and as a warning
to the Quraysh at the same time
they mocked him.
Mocking standard
Rejection not only rejection of message but also of the individual who brought the message no
matter how respective the person was. The prophet was known as Al Ameeen
Common way of the people of the past
Except the people of Jonah(Yunus) he was the only one who was accepted - his people accepts
the message sent to 100 thousand people and they believed Surah Safffaat 37:147-8
Ridicule standard pattern of the people
Mocking an act of disbelief
Say: Was it at Allaah, His revelations and His Messenger that you were mocking? Make no
excuse; you have disbelieved after you believed. (Soorah at-Tawbah, 9: 65-6)
o Verse use as evidence that those who mocked the Messengers have disbelieved
Ridicule of Prophets or of the Shariah is an act of disbelief
Consequence for ridicule value of their deed would be lost
o That is because they disliked that which Allaah revealed; so He has made their deeds
fruitless. (Soorah Muhammad, 47: 9)
Rejection/ mockery of part of the scripture is an act of disbelief Baqarah 2:85
Dislike what Allah revealed also an act of disbelief Muhammad 47:9
Ridicule of shariah they ridicule Islam disbelief will make deeds fruitless
o And whoever of you apostates from his religion and dies a disbeliever, then his deeds
will be lost in this life and in the Hereafter, and they will dwell in the Fire forever.
(Soorah al-Baqarah, 2:217)
Whenever a messenger came to them, they mocked him.
The old testament is a mockery of the Prophets
Describing the prophets as committing adultery, incest, drunkenness all this is mockery
Provided an attitude of rejection of scriptures
Leads to secularism
Western civilization developed common mockery to everything, jokes about God, about the
Prophets, - nothing is sacred
Mockery has been an ongoing thing cartoons, calling the prophet pedophilia, etc.
Today to defend Islam labels one as a fundamentalist, terrorist etc
31. Do they not see how many of the generations before them I have
destroyed? Indeed, they will not return to them. 32 And surely, every one of
them will be brought before Me.
Do they not see how many of the generations before them I have destroyed? Indeed, they will not
return to them.
Allah speaking
For the disbelievers to learn a lessons from those who Allah destroyed of the previous nation
One life in this world will not come back to this world to let the disbelievers know their claim
of reincarnation is false
Reincarnation - There is nothing but our life of this world! We die and we live! And we are not
going to be resurrected! (Soorah al-Muminoon, 23: 37)
Hindu samsara and karma they belief judgment takes place in this life
Karma - good and evil one finds in this life is a product of previous lives
Samsara -belief in the transmigration of souls
This verse denies this belief when we die there is no coming back resurrection takes place in
the next world
Exceptions
Some earlier prophets resurrected the dead
Young man who is appeared that Dajjal killed would be resurrected in this life
Signs of the consequences for disobeying Allah
Past civilization now are honored their idols are dug up and put in temples of ancestors worship
museums then do tours (tawaf), taken around by tour guides (specially trained priests), have to give an
offering (entrance fee)
Lessons:
1. Dawah in groups is more effective people doing dawah would be more encouraged, feel stronger,
feel more capable when in a group
a. Practically one on one is more effective than Dawah to a group
b. Those who are going to give Dawah is good to be in a group but talking to an individual is
easier than talking to a group or to more than one person
2. The message of Tawheed should be the focus of our Dawah this is what the messengers and their
supporters brought to the people. This is the essence of Islam
a. Success and failure depends on this focus on this not side issue such as hijab, polygamy
etc.
b. This is the key to salvation
4. Know the basic arguments of those who reject faith the focus should be on the deist not atheist
a. Atheist are few
b. The vast majority believe in God but do not believe in the religion of God so they reject the
message
c. The statement people made today are the same statement made as mentioned in the Quran
thousands of years ago
9. Convey the message our responsibility is to convey the message in the best way not to make
them believe
a. Convey it in a logical way a way that people would understand
b. Call to the way of your Lord with wisdom (from the past, from the sunnah, from life)
c. Appropriate time and knowing their background so give wisely
10. Important for us to take account of ourselves before Allah takes account of us
a. We do not know how much time we have
b. What are we doing with our lives, with the knowledge we have gain, with our youth
c. How did we get our wealth and how are we spending it
d. We need to answer these questions in this life
33. There is a sign for them in the dead land. I give it life and I bring out of it
grains, so that they may eat from it.
A metaphor containing evidence for the existence of a Creator and for Resurrection and
Judgment
Dead lands, dry trees comes alive when rain falls the same way mankind will be brought back
to life
Just like how Allah can bring the land back to life after death the same way He can do so to
human beings
Among His signs is that you see the earth barren; but when I cause rain to descend on
itIndeed He is able to do all things Fussilat 41:39 Allah causes rain to fall
Bringing back of the dead earth to live is a sign of our resurrection man will be resurrected the
same way
Focus on the blessings of Allah rain, fruits, land
Then tell Me about the water that you drink. Is it you who caused it to fall from the rain-clouds
or am I the cause?... saltyso why not give thanks? Waaqiah 56:68-70
o When we look at the world around us We should see the greatness of Allah and reflect
o People can cause only certain clouds to generate rain - only done by Allahs will too
Allah wants people to understand His Might
He wants us to be grateful and thankful for what He has given to us This world is a blessing
from Allah how we use it will determine if we are blessed or cursed
Allah cause the grain and fruit stone (eg. Date seed) to sprout very different that which is like a
stone can still grow and produce food for us
Recognize Allahs blessings and give thanks
34. And I put in it gardens of date palms and grapes, and I caused springs of
water to gush forth within it 35 so that they may eat from its fruit, which their
hands did not produce. Will they not, then, give thanks?
And I put in it gardens of date palms and grapes, and I caused springs of water to gush forth within
it.
Fruit trees as compared with grains
Grains has to be cooked before eaten, where as fruits can be eaten directly from trees
Dates and grapes both sweet and can be eaten fresh or dried. Two completely different plant
one very tender and the other hard and tall and strong
So that they may eat from its fruit, which their hands did not produce
Allah stresses His grace production of fruits blessings of Allah
Genetically modification(GM) is manipulation of genes not creation
o humans unable to create new plants
o GM crops often have harmful side-effects leading people to grow organically
The life of a believer will be the sweetest even if he is the poorest Allah said:
o Whoever does righteousness - whether male or female - while being a true believer,
indeed, I will give him a good life in this world, and I will reward them (in the Hereafter)
according to the best of what they used to do. (Soorah an-Nahl, 16: 97) Promise of
Allah
This is the original purpose for Allah telling us about this world and the things which He created
o To be conscious of His Greatness to worship Him
o To be grateful to Him for all He has given us in this life this world which He created has
all been submitted to us for our benefit
o Gratitude should be one of our greatest characteristics
o We should speak in humble and respectful way for what Allah has given us in this life
36. Glory be to Him, Who has created the earths produce in pairs, as well as
their own kind, and that which they do not know about
37. And a sign for them is the night; I remove the day, and behold, they are in
darkness
And a sign for them is the night; I remove the day, and behold, they are in darkness
Proof of Allahs greatness creation of night and day
Stress on gradual removal of the day gradual removal of the sun to night
Naslakh means to peel off (like removing skin from animal) a one way process
Sudden appearance of night problematic for living creatures (gives them time to prepare for
night)
He coils the night upon the day and the day upon the night. Surah az-Zumar 39:5
o Yakawwiru = to wind or coil a turban around ones head excellent description
o But at time of Prophet this was not known astronomically after landing on the moon
and observing the earth spinning on it s axis then people understand the true
meaning of this verse
o Another sign that the Quran is a sign from Allah
38. And the Sun runs on its course to a place of settling. That is the decree of
the All-Mighty, the All-Knowing
That is the decree of the All-Mighty, the All-Knowing. (Al Azeez and Al Aleem)
that refers to the suns journey which is in according to Allahs pre-measurement
Decree attributed to two of Allahs name The Mighty and The All Knowing
The Mighty has 3 meanings
o With regards to His ability so great; nothing can be compared to Him
o With respect to His domination absolute authority over all creation
o From the perspective of the impossibility of any deficiency or defect being attributed to
Him
The All-Knowing His knowledge is complete and comprehensive, perfect
o not preceded by ignorance nor forgetfulness (our knowledge preceded by ignorance and
followed by forgetfulness)
o Comprehensive includes everything small and big
39. And I have fixed phases for the moon (to traverse) until it returns curved
like an old date stalk
And I have fixed phases for the moon (to traverse) until it returns curved like an old date stalk.
Moon another sign and blessings
Blessing for us we can calculate the passing of the months
They ask you about the crescent moons. Say: These are signs to mark fixed periods of time for
humankind and for the pilgrimage. (Soorah al-Baqarah, 2: 189
o Allah destined moon appear like a hair line at beginning of month, middle of month for
3 days full moon, and then decrease in size then disappear at end of month
o 13th, 14th and 15th called ayyaam beed (the white days) recommended days of fasting
o Hadeeth: If you are fasting, fast the days of the full moon.
o The Messenger of Allaah () used to instruct us to fast the days of the full moon, the
thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth. And he said, They are like the year.
it returns curved like an old date stalk
Verse comparison with human existence moon begins weak and frail, then full of strength
followed by weakness just like human beings
It is Allaah who created you in weakness, gave you strength after weakness, then weakness and
gray hair after strength. (Soorah ar-Room, 30: 54)
40. It is not possible for the sun to overtake the moon, nor for the night to
overtake the day. Each of them swims in a separate orbit.
It is not possible for the sun to overtake the moon.
The sun cannot reappear in the night after setting and it cannot catch up with the moon. Nor
can the sun appears together with the moon at night
Sun rising and setting precisely fixed for every country on earth for years to come
Lunar eclipse shadow of the earth coming between the moon and its source of light the sun
A manifestation of the perfection of Allahs power precise regulation and organization of the
creation not possible for it to change or become unstable.
Day of Resurrection everything will change
o planets and stars will fall and
o sun and moon will collide
o So, when eyes become be dazed, and the moon eclipsed, and the sun and moon will
collide. (Soorah al-Qiyaamah, 75: 7-9)