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provisioning in
telecommunication networks
TNO Telecom
Overview
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Centre of Excellence QoS within TNO Telecom
KITs BITs
EC
QoS
NAK
BNO
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Center of Excellence QoS
Main products
Consultancy
guidelines for network dimensioning
guidelines for traffic management
guidelines (restrictions) for network- and system design
service implementation
SLA definition
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Motivation
Synergie
re-use of expertise and experience
Services over heterogeneous networks/platforms
end-to-end QoS
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Centre of Excellence QoS
Cooperation
Universities/institutes
UT, CWI, TU/e, TUD, VU, CNET, VTT
National projects
Equanet, Beyond 3G, BR@H, RGE
European research programmes
(RACE, ACTS), IST, COST, Eurescom
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IP Networks (1996 - )
Intserv
Diffserv Leidschendam 8
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Overview
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Stream traffic
real-time, delay sensitive applications, e.g. telephony, video
fixed transmission rates
Elastic traffic
non-real-time data applications (file transfer, WWW, )
rate can adapt to available link capacity
rate adaptation by e.g. TCP flow control
main QoS measures: transfer delay, throughput
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Basic models for service integration
elastic flows
Availablefor
available forelastic
elastictraffic
traffic
stream traffic
C
stream calls
Time
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elastic flows
available for elastic traffic
Available for
C
elastic traffic
stream traffic
stream calls
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Basic models for service integration
Stream traffic
Stream traffic performance is not influenced by elastic traffic
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For exponential file size and stream call holding time, D(x)
can be obtained as solution of set of differential equations
[Nunez, vd Berg, Mandjes 99]
impact of stream traffic fluctuations (time scale)
impact (max.) capacity requirements rs and re
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Basic models for service integration
Asymptotic result (i.e. for x ):
x
D( x) + const ,
C * e f e
asymptot
D(x)
without interfering
stream traffic
File size x
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Recent results
Accurate approximation for mean elastic flow throughput
[Litjens, Vd Berg, Boucherie 03]
The greater the (elastic) call size variability the better the
performance! [Litjens & Boucherie 02]
Further Research
Explicit (approximate) formulas?
general flow size and (stream) call holding time distributions
[Bonald & Roberts 00], [VdMei, VdBerg 02]
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TCP flows/packets
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TCP performance modelling
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TCP performance modelling
and
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TCP performance modelling
Fi l eFile transfer
d o wnl o a d t itime
me [ s]
C = 10 Mb p s; r = 1 Mbps; me a n fil e si ze = 150 KB; K = 10
4. 0
3. 5
sisimulation
mul ati on
3. 0
M/M/G/N
G/ N PSPS
2. 5 refined
GPS PS)
(r efi ned
2. 0
1. 5
1. 0
0. 5
0. 0
0 0. 2 0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1
l oa d
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3. Load adaptive scheduling in UMTS+ (HSDPA)
HS-DSCHs for data traffic, DCHs for stream traffic (speech, video)
T O T A L C A P A C IT Y !
D ATA TRANSFER!!!
Downlink
PRIORITISED LOAD
time
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Example
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Load adaptive scheduling in UMTS+ (HSDPA)
PO
RW EE
AT R FFA
AIIR
RNNEESSSS
90 1
90 1
E{R} ADAPTIVE
E{R} PPOTG
OTG
ADAPTIVE
(kbits/s)
throughput(kbits/s)
60 0.1
outage
60 0.1
outageprobability
expectedthroughput
probability
expected
30 0.01
30 0.01
E{R} FIXED
E{R}
0 FIXED 0.001
0 0.001
0 2 4 6 8 10
0 2 4 6 8 10
m inimum HS-DSCH power assignment
m inim u m H S - D S C H p o w e r a s s i g n m e n t
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Further research
Throughput variance
Take into account impact of TCP
interaction with TCP flow control
(un)fairness
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4. Overprovisioning in IP networks
Background
IP Diffserv: Appropriate network (over)dimensioning
What is a suitable level of IP network overdimensioning?
QoS requirements
not too much overcapacity
Operator has to decide whether or not to extend network
capacity!
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Overprovisioning in IP networks
0.9
0.8
0.7
0 .1 s e c
0.6
1 sec
load
0.5 1 min
0.4 5 min
15 m in
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
tim e (in se c o n d s)
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Overprovisioning in IP networks
What is the relation between traffic characteristics on different
time scales?
Goal
Standard traffic measurements + suitable traffic model +
analysis
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Required capacity:
- based on 1 second interval traffic measurements
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Short Term m e an quantile (in Mbps)
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99.5% fit-curve
5
99.5% estimate
9 9 % f it-curve
4
99% estimate
3 9 5 % f it-curve
95% estimate
2
9 0 % f it-curve
1 90% estimate
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
L o n g t e r m m e an (in M b p s )
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Overprovisioning in IP networks
Our approach is based on
Flow level traffic model
Poisson flow arrivals, general flow size distribution
Further research
Does relatively simple approach work in other scenarios?
current scenario: public internet access, relatively small access rates
what about s cenarios with large access rates (e.g. university campus)?
other, more advanced (packet level) traffic models required, e.g. self similar?
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5. Other topics
Q o S of Voice over IP [ Kooij et al. 99 02]
WLANs
Ad-hoc networks
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Concluding remarks
E n d-to-end QoS modelling becomes more and more complex
Interaction between OSI layers
in particular in mobile/wireless access networks
physical layer, MAC layer, transport layer
applications (e.g. adaptivity) VoIP
Heterogeneous networks
Different network technologies
Multiple domains
Unbundling
SLAs!
Service platforms and information systems
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