e+A p r i c e '97

e x p e r e n t al A r c h i t e c t u r e
 experiential Architecture | FreierickWilliain Price

A THESIS IN ARCHITECTURE

Submitted to the Architecture Faculty of the College of Archrtecture of

Texas Tech University in partial fulfillment for the Degree of

Bachelor of Architecture

committee chair

Programming Instructor - A RC H 4 3 9 5 - Prof. Ftobert Perl

Accepted

Dean, College of Ar)shitActure month, year

experiential Architecture I p r i c '97

 rh)^^^
/^RCH
 e+A I preface

Architecture and Architectural design affects the awareness of those who

interact within its space. This interaction is the product of receptive individuals silently
perceiving the Architecture of a place. Beyond pragmatics, the attention to the
design of space can transform one's experience of Architecture from a passive
obsenyer, to an active participant. For this phenomena to occur. Architects must be
interested in the shaping of buildings to engage people, and encourage then
investment of their energy to dwell,
Presently, it is commonplace for people to construct buildings that merely
provide shelter and serve the minimal functional needs, These buildings house
vahous forms of businesses with numerous operations while lacking a presence of
spirit, quality, and character that separate building from Architecture. The intention of
this thesis is to demonstrate that Architecture can be made manifest in facilities whose
industry standard and stereotype typically produce indifferent buildings.

expenential Architecture I p r i c e '97

 e Aipreface

notes

Steven Holl fronn arc en reve centre d'architeaure's Steven Ho//,published by Artemis; i 993, p25.
Charles Moore from an exerpt of the required text for ARChH4000.002 titled Humon Energy, p II5.

experiential Architecture | p r i c '97

 e+A I table of contents
e x p e r i e n t i a l A r c h i t e c t u r e

, 'action page

PREFACE O I

ABSTRACT 04

ARCHITECTURAL THEORY 07

CONTEXT 18

FACILITY 38

S P A C E SUMMARY 50

BIBLIOGRAPHY 5 2

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 55
e+A abstract
 e+A| abstract

Architecture communicates traits of spirit, quality, and character through th

experience of its relationship with place, use of color and light, and composition of for

As people recognize and familiahze with one another through understanding,

the same idea of perception is atthbuted to one's thoughts of objects considered
inanimate. Architecture is dynamic, and is about its inhabitants. From its relationship
with place, use of color and light, and composition of form, those who move through
Architecture, encounter Architecture. One is encountehng in Architecture whole
successions of spatial sequences and relationships of light and vantage points. The
ideas to be explored in this thesis involve the experience(s) formed by Architecture.
Proposed is a manufacturing/distributing facility and corporate headquarters
for Cannondale Bicycles. The facility will house the desired offices and space
needed for the processes of: designing, testing, producing, marketing, sales, and
disthbution of bicycles. It is typical of manufacturers in the bicycle industry to operate
different production departments from separate sites. This creates time wasted
during shipment of products from one site to the next. The proposed facility is an all
inclusive factory & headquarters for Cannondale bicycles. By relocating its
headquarters, research & development departments, manufactuhng & production
outfits, and its storage & distribution facilities to a single site, Cannondale will reduce
the amount of time in which it takes to design and produce bicycles.

The proposed site for this project lies within the Hill Country of Austin, Texas
on the periphery of its urban context.

experiential Architecture I p r i c e '97

 e+A I abstract

notes

' Antoine Predock from 7ro//s of the Imagnation, putjlistied by Fine Additions, Inc.: 1995, p9.

experiential Architecture] p r i c '97

e+A architectural theory
 e A|ttieory
i s s u e s

Architecture communicates traits of spirit, quality, and character through I'^e

experience of its relationship with place, use of color and light, and composition offy':'^'

The ideas to be explored in this thesis involve the expenence(s) formed by

Architecture. People recognize and familiahze one another through understanding.

The same idea of perception is attnbuted to one's thoughts of objects considered

inanimate. Found in Architecture's dynamics by receptive individuals are a^^scx lation^

of spirit, quality, and character. The collaboration of color and light, composition of

form, use of matehals, and methods of construction produce the imagery of traits.

For something to be expenential, a person must have some involvement to

a certain extent. Active or passive, that person is a participant by observing,

encountehng, or undergoing something, as it occurs in the course of time.' People's

lives are based upon expehence. Commonly, in every situation, what we do, and

how we respond is determined by past experiences. It is the pnor knowledge gained

from expehence and things learned that provide us with the ability to make

judgments. In Architecture, it is the task of designers to reach the inhabitants with

what is familiar to them, to pepper the comfortable with the surprise that will

maintain their interest and excitement, and open up new insights into the familiar^

In Architecture's relationship with place, one must involve numerous aspects

of the environment to fully and competently relate to that place. To arrive upon any

experiential Architecture! P r i c e '97

 eA| theory
i s s u e s

place, one must expehence the environment of the final destination. ArCniteCtUrO
and site are phenomenotogically linked.^ The ste ts surrounding areas.
and the region where a project is located, are all influential, physical connections t.:>

place. To what depth a building relates itself to its environment, determines its

strength and validity. The real challenge for architecture today is to find ways

to respect local concerns and respond to the local environment, without

giving in to thenn uncritically. Histoncally, every vernacular that was vital

and meaningful was also constantly changing, pushing the limits of what

people knew and expected.

experiential Architecture I p r i c e '97

 e+A I theory
i s s u e s
^oior and l l j b t
Color and light affect our well-being and are lifesources to humans, animals
and plantlife alike. Plants that are green, "are green because they depend on the
pigment chlorophyll for photosynthesis... [and as colored light acts through the skin,]
the use of blue light to cure infant jaundice has been standard medical practice for
decades." People's interaction with color is affected psychologically and
physiologically. Different colors carry impressions and associations in people through
the charactenstic of each major hue. The proper use of such impressions and
associations of color can only enhance the conditions that correspond to the function
of architectural space. Sunlight possesses a means of interaction for inhabitants
through its ever-changing pattern of light and shadow. The use of light and shadow in
Tadao Ando's work is seen as the provider of a calm, character-forming, restorative
domain wherein the individual may regain a sense of domestic tranquility. Situations
of similar abstract contemplation exist in the courtyard of Luis Barragan's Galvez
House, which creates a gentle atmosphere simply from the components of water,

walls, and light^ Light is a mediator between space and form. Light
changes expressions with time. I believe that the architectural
materials do not end with wood or concrete that have tangible forms,
but go beyond to include light and wind which appeal to our senses.
-Tadao Ando

experiential Architecture I p r i c e '97 10

 efA| theory
i s s u e s

^0mnpsiilti of fora
Architectural form is derived from several different realms. Histoncally,

architectural form has been based on the rise and fall of the sun, systems of

proportion, and that which is found in nature. The idea of form being sculptural or

metaphohcal is definitely not new; architects and builders alike have used symbolism

for centuhes. "Form follows function," those familiar to architecture have heard thr

phrase many times. "Form follows budget" is a turn on the phrase once uttered by

Ben Shacklette to add light to a situation of practicality. However one looks at form,

one cannot deny its power in Architecture. It is form after all, that most commonly

affects people's perception of architecture. When a work of architecture

successfully fuses a building and situation, denotation and connotatiofT

merge; expression is linked to idea which is joined to site.

Recently, form is becoming more prototypical in its relationships in

Architecture. To remain with form that is familiar to people creates a

nonthreatening environment. However, architects are constantly becoming more

expehmental in their use of that which is familiar. The advancements found in

construction through materials and technology allow architects, to an extent, to build

form limited only by the imagination. Such imaginative form can resemble the foims

as the budding of a flower(Disney Concert Hall), or the cascading forms of a hillside

(Guggenheim, Bilbao) found in the work of Frank Gehry.

expenential Architecture] p r i c e '97

 e+A I theory
i s s u e s
use of materials a methods of constractloi
Soul is essential to architecture. A building stands in mute solitude,
yet receptive individuals silently perceive the soul instilled in the
work. Soul lies in attention to detail distilled in space and
concretized in the love of construction. -Steven Holl
Several different matehals are used in construction everyday. Quality can be
found in the most common of matenals when their application is not taken
haphazardly. This is apparent by the means in which they are installed, treated, and
revealed. Poured-in-place concrete can mimic the character and continue the form
of wood used in a tongue and groove wall displaying the notions of craft and
craftsmanship. Typically people associate a material's worth by its cost, but "any
matehal will become radiant if it is used in the right way."

Practical applications of inexpensive, durable matehals are finding new roles in

contemporary architecture today. Defended by means of contextual ism, materials
are used in new methods of finishing intehors and extenors. The experimental use
of the familiar is of great importance for architecture to remain exciting. It is of this
excitement in Architecture that involves its inhabitants and creates the desire foi
more dynamic space.

experiential Architecture! p r i c e '97

 e+A I theory

notes

' Webster's College Dictionary, published by Random House; 1991, p470.

^ Human Energy, pi 15.
^ Steven Holl from Anchoring, published by Princeton Architectural Press; 1991, p9.
'' Thomas Fisher from Escape from Style, published by Penton Publishing; 1994, p62.
' Frank Mahnke in Color, Environment, and Human Response, Van Nostrand Remtidd; 1996, pplO.
13.
* Color, Environment, and Human Response, pp60-66.
' Kenneth Frampton from Tadao Ando, MoMA 1991, p 10.
* Raul Flispa from Ban^agan, the complete works, Princeton Architeaural Press; p 139.
^ Anchaing, p9.
'" Masato Kawamukai in Tadao Ando, p 17.

experiential Architecture I p r i c '97 13

 eA| theory
p o t e n t i a l d e s i g n r e s p o n s e s

Architecture's ability to create more qualitative and meaningful space for

people to inhabit is produced by its relationship with place, composition of form,

quality of construction, and use of matehals, color and light. In these abilities,

buildings should relate to their environment- built, natural, psychological, and cultural.

It is the role of Architecture to combine these contexts in such a feshion that what is

built will consist of quality and meaning.

Architecture's ability ui relate ta Its bailt eDvfrenHeit Is f e n d la direct

and abstract usage of same materials aod fems.

Limestone will be the prevailing type of masonry used because of rts presence as

a local resource and wide use in construction.

State Capitol Building. Austin, TX.

Adams Residence. Austin.TX, Dick Clark Archiecture.
Hime Residence. Austin, TX, RTG Achitects.
National Wildflower Ftesearch Center. Austin, TX, Overland Partners.

Metal sheets (corrugated steel, copper, lead, and aluminum) will be used in

different situations of envelope because of its durability and popular usage found

in storage facilities, residences, and public buildings.

Holt Companies Headquarters. San Antonio.TX, Lake/Flato A-chitects.
Hime Residence. Austin, TX, RTG Achitects.
National Wildflower Research Center. Austin. TX. Overland Partners.

experiential Architecture I p r i c '97 14

 e+A I theory
p o t e n t i a l d e s i g n r e s p o n s e s

The built form will reflect the look of a rustic shed.

Holt Companies Headquarters. San Antonio.TX, Lake/Flato Architects.
National Wildflower Research Center. Austin, TX, Overland Partners.

The naniral enviroameit Is respeuied to by Jlrcbltectnre In means of

cllmadc control and regard m die minimal disturbance of site.

Ve^tation, and transluscent coverings will be used for the reduction of solar

radiation, but will allow for diffused lighting.

Moore/Andersson Compound. Austin, TX, Moore/Andersson Architects.
National Wildflower Research Center. Austin, TX, Overland Partners.

N o toleration (subjected to monetary fine) to loss of vegetation from mature

trees t o turf grass dunng site construction.

National Wildflower Research Center. Austin, TX, Overland Partners.

Breeze-ways will be incorporated in the design of the facility to promote

circulation of air.
National Wildflower Research Center. Austin, TX, Overland Partners.
Moore/Andersson Compound. /Austin, TX. Moore//\ndersson Architects.
Holt Companies Headquarters. San Antonio.TX. Lake/Flato /Vchitects.

experiential Architecture | p r i c '97 15

 e+A I theory
p o t e n t i a l d e s i g n r e s p o n s e s

Potentially Uirough proxemics and the appropriate use of assocladon bi

color and form. Arcbitecture will respond to die psycboloiical aspects of Its
inlamtants.

Entrances to primary rooms will be accentuated by form and the use of color as

set off fi-om Its background.

Apple Computer. Austin. TX.
Hang Town Grill. Austin, TX, Dick Clark Architecture.
Nickelodeon Headquarters. New York. NY, Fernau & Hartman Architects.
Bright and Associates. Venice, CA, Franklin D. Israel Design /Associates.

The provided space for work areas will consist of relaxing shades of color, space

of above "adequate" room to operate within, and natural daylighting.

/\pple Computer. /Austin, TX.
Bright and Associates. Venice, CA, Franklin D. Israel Design /Associates.
Holt Companies Headquarters. San Antonio,TX, Lake/Flato Architects.
State Capitol Building, Expansion Projea. /Austin, TX

Culturally, Architecture responds witi die fanrillar anU symbolic.

The built form will reflect the nostalgic look of rustic buildings from the past.
Holt Companies Headquarters. San /Antonio.TX, Lake/Flato /Architects.
National WIdflower Research Center. /Austin, TX, Overland Partners.

experiential Architecture! p r i c '97

 e+A I theory
p o t e n t i a l d e s i g n r e s p o n s e s

The form of the building and its details will associate t o its contents.

Chrysler Building. New York,NY, William Van /Allen.

Guggenheim Museum. Bilbao, Spain, Frank O. Gehry &/Associates.
Holt Companies Headquarters. San /Vitonio.TX, Lake/Flato /Architects
State Capitol Building, Expansion. Austin, TX

experiential Architecture! p r i c '97 17

e+A context
 e+A|fenili context
I s s . e s

The built context consists of projects that are pnvate and public in nature,
with vehicles ranging from residences, pnvate enterprise, restaurants, civic buildings
and manufacturing plants. These buildings will be responded to from the context.
Architecture's ability to relate to the various structures in its built environment is
found in direct and abstract usage of identical materials and forms. Facilities within
Austin's built context which possess relevance include:

TEXAS STATE CAPfTOL BUILDING 6. EXPANSION PROJECT

The 1992 expansion to the Capitol Building, was a response to the necessity
of more governmental offices. The expansion includes sub-grade design of two
levels of office and departmental structure, as well as two other levels of parking
located below the expansion project. The expansion project utilizes natural lighting
to sub-grade levels through skylights at ground level and through open light wells.
Details incorporated with handrails of the expansion project designate a sense of
place. The underground rotunda's open nature provides an outdoor environnnent.
The State Capitol Building also capitalized on the utilization of Austin's natural
resource of limestone in its construction.

NATIONAL WILDFLOWER RESEARCH CENTER

The National Wildflower Research Center's character is South Texas.
Limestone is used throughout the project in conjunction with timber, concrete, and

experiential Architecture! p r i c i '97 19

 e AlbMiltcootext
s s ,. e s

steel. Sonrie of the research center's forms remind one of Texas rural background,
whereas the research center's combined use of contemporary detailing expresses this
complex's newness. The research center's combination of plaza, water, and shade is
quintessentially South Texan, however the buildings that frcime the central space
transcend regional cliches. Familiar limestone walls, metal roofs, and deep overhangs
have been combined freshly and provocatively.

MOORE/ANDERSSON COMPOUND
Former residences and offices of Charles Moore and Arthur /Vidersson, this
compound's exterior expresses the easy spirit of rural Texas. Contemporary
detailing combined with timber structure, wood and stuccofinishes,and metal roofs-
native matenals are characteristic of the local vernacular. Wooden lattices around the
compound's exterior combine the architecture with the vegetation of the site.
Corrugatedfiberglasssheets over porches and walkways provide diffused light.

ADAMS RESIDENCE, DICK CLARK ARCHFTECTURE

Using native matehals, and relating the residence through level changes to
meet the site's changing characteristics, the Adams Residence becomes an observer
of the landscape of west Austin's Hill Country. Pitched roof lines accentuate views
from the house east, to the city below, and express the spirit found in the action of a
butterfly spreading its wings. Limestone walls, walks and planters, wocxj and brick
detailing, and concrete forms display permanence in the design. The changing

experiential Architecture! p r i c '97 20

 e+A|liuilt context
I S S U V s

features apparent in the outdoor terraces and window conditions show the variations

in movement and function found within the residence.

HIME RESIDENCE, RTG ARCHITECrS

The third floor of the Hime reskJence is a covered, open-air observatory,
existing in the tree tops of the surrounding oak and cedar trees. The finishing
materials, structure, and detailing of the home are charactenstic of what can be
considered contemporary Austin vernacular; limestone walls, columns and archways,
combined with brick detailing, standing-seam aluminum siding, wood finishes and
decks,

DRUESS RESIDENCE, DICK CLARK ARCHrTECTURE

The Druess residence uses contemporary detailing, with native nnatenals.
The residence is finished with limestone and concrete facades with wcxxJ detailing,
and a standing-seam metal roof. Apparent attention is given by retaining the
existence of trees within the site.

HANG TOWN GRILL, DICK CLARK ARCHrTECTURE

Hang Town Grill, a local restaurant chain, provides the idea of non-traditional
fast-food in a sit down atmosphere. This idea is expressed through its /Architecture.
The overall design consists of colorful planes within the space and the use of many
different matehals and shapes. AJI of these aspects keep the customer actively

experiential /Vchitecture | p r i c '97 21

 e+A|bDilt context
s s u e s
participating with the designed environment by viewing the changing of details and
situations found around every comer and booth.

APPLE COMPLn^R
One of five facilities in the Austin area, this /\pple Computer division located
on Texas Highway 290 is involved in sales, finance, programming, service and
support. Typical of/Apple's facilities, before occupying the buildings in which they are
now located, Apple bought vacant office buildings and had the floorplans redesigned
to meet their needs. Inside the redesigned facility, entrances to conference rooms,
and different departments are accentuated and brightly colored to better distinguish
them as landmarks to important areas. There are kitchens and mailrooms provided
for each department. These areas are brightly colored to promote activity and keep
the workers sitting stagnate. Individual cubicles are located within the serious
departments around the perimeter of the building. This provides workers with the
most possible natural lighting conditions and views to the exterior of the building.

experiential Architecture! p r i c '97 22

 e+Alliiiit context
i s s u e s

notes

' David Dillon in Lady Birds Legacy. p70.

experientialArchiteaure| p r i c t ' 9 7 23
 e+A|buiit context
p o t e n t i a l d e s i g n r e s p o n s e s

Prtptsed buildiRis are ta relate ta the ballt caiteKt

The use of materials will be characteristic of the local vernacular.
Druess Ftesidence. /Austin.TX, Dick Clark/Archiecture.
Hime Residence. /Austin, TX, RTG Achitects.
Holt Companies Headquarters. San Antonio.TX, Lake/Flato Architects.
National Wildflower Research Center. /Austin, TX, Overland Partners.

Forms will be a reminder of Texas rural background.

Hdt Companies Headquarters. San Antonio.TX. Lake/Flato /Architects.
Moore//Andersson Compound. /Austin. TX, Moc)re//Andersson /Architects.
National \A/ildflower Research Center. /Austin, TX, Overland Partners.
State Capitol Building & Expansion Project. /Austin, TX.

Design details incorporated in the project will designate the function of the place.
Chrysler Building. New York.NY, William Van Allen.
Guggenheim Museum. Bilbao, Spain, Frank O. Gehry & Associates.
Holt Companies Headquarters. San /Antonio,TX, Lake/Flato Architects.
State Capitol Building & Expansion Project. /Austin, TX.

The design of forms will show the variations in movennent and function found
within.
72 Market Street Restaurant. Morphosis.
/Apple Computer, employee cafeteria. Austin, TX.
National WIdflower Research Center. /Austin. TX. Overland Partners.
Hang Town Grill. /Austin, TX, Dick Clark /Architecture.

Provide lattices around the compound's exterior to combine the architecture

with the vegetation of the site.
Moore//Andersson Compound. Acistin, TX, Moore/Andersson Architects.
National WIdflower Ftesearch Center. Austin, TX. Overland Partners.

experiential Architecture! p r i c '97 24

 e+A|feuflt context
p o t e n t i a l d e s i g n r e s p o n s e s

The site most he accessible by vartons Heaas al traaspartaaaB.

receiving & distribution by means of cargo trucks, rail, air (proximity)
workers may commute on bicycles
employees may ride bicycles during lunch breaks for exercise
actual trails and roads for testing of bicycles may be required

experiential Architecture I p r i c '97 25

 e + Ainitural context

Austin, Texas
Austin's landscape, located within South Central Texas, is typically referred to
as the Hill Country, also present is the terrain, soil, and differing regimes of plants and
animal life of the Blackland Prairie.'

In the Hill Country to the west of Austin the dominant vegetation

consists of juniper and various oaks (mainly plateau live oak, shin oak and
Spanish oak). Other common trees are Texas mountain laurel and honey
mesquite. Native grasses such as little bluestem, Texas grama, and buffalo
grass also occur. Flowering plants include a large variety: primrose, sidas,
mallows, winecups,flaxes,verbenas, etc. - as well as such xeric plants as
prickly pear cactus, and various yuccas. /\nimals include the rock squirrel,
scrub jay, and canyon wren.
The Blackland Prairie region- such remnant tracts as are not under
cultivation - is primarily grassland with scattered clusters of trees (principally
honey mesquite). The dominant prairie grass locally was the little bluestem;
other common prairie grasses include big bluestem, sideoats grama, and
yellow indian-grass. Many wilcfflowers naturally occur here, such as Texas
bluebonnet, Indian paintbrush.winecup. and Engelmann's daisy.
Alluvial terraces, where found throughout the area, have their own
distinctive plant assemblages, being generally dominated by oaks, elm and
mesquite. Finally,a "bottomland assemblage" may be distinguished on the
floodplains of the Colorado BJ\r and some of its tributary creeks- a riverine
environment, with a variety of water-lo\^ng tree types: bald cypress,
Cottonwood, willow, sycamore, hackberry, bois d'arc (sometimes called
horse apple or osage orange), ash, and pecan.

Austin has a variety of natural features and resources located within

the Hill Country. A natural feature that provides a more dramatic scene is the fault

experiential Architecture! p r i c '97 26

 e+Ainaturol context
s s .. e s

zone located along the Colorado River. The Balcones Fault, located within this fault
zone, leads west of town towards Lake Travis. Of this fault zone, one of the highest
points in the city, and largest fault areas is the Mt. Bonnell Fault. Part of Austin's
unique character is provided by its series of lakes along the Colorado River. Lake
Travis is the largest of the Highland Lakes chain, formed by the damming of the
Colorado River. The five other waterways of Highland Lakes are Lake Buchanan,
Inks Lake, Lake L.B.J., Lake Marble Falls, and Lake Austin. With its large system of
greenbelts providing a vast amount of parklands, Austin's built environment doesn't
overshadow its natural environment. The region's abundance of limestone and
numerous quarries supply a local resource whose use in construction contributes to
the character of Austin's built environment.

experiential Architecture | p r I e e '97 27

 eAinatnral context
i s s u e s

Austin weather fects

Highest recorded temperature: I09F (July 26,1954)

Lowest recorded temperature: -2F0an. 31, 1949)

Average temperatures (deg F):

Annual Average 68
January Averages high=59 low ^ 39
July Averages high=95 low=74

Most 100-degree days: 40 days at or above 100F (summer 1963)

Most freezing days: 44 days at or below 32F (winter 1939-40)

Average Relative Humidity:

Annual Average 67%

May (max. monthly ave.) 72%
August (min. monthly ave.) 64%

Heaviest 24-hour rainfall: 19.03 in. (Sept. 9-10,1921)

Rainiest year: 51.3 in.
Average annual rainfall: 31.9 in.

(Information obtained fromCunran F. Douglass's /Austin Overview)

experiential Architecture! p r i c '97 28

 e+Ainatural context
s s u e s

notes
' (Douglass, p.39)
^ .(Douglass, 40)
^ .(Douglass, p. 15)

experiential Architecture! p r I c '97 29

 e+Ainamral context
p o t e n t i a l d e s i g n r e s p o n s e s

Design elements typical to a region should respond to the climatic conditions

of the environment. In these design elements, designers must devekjp methods for
providing comfort to users in indoor and outdoor environments. The environment is
altered by the natural conditions brought about by solar radiation, temperature, air
movement, and humidity. The shading of the sun can be met by such means as the
use of vegetation, covered areas, and high walls. These methods directly affect the
temperature of its adjacent space(s) by reducing and reflecting the heat of the sun. In
the summer, the movement of air provides cooling effects for individuals. Breezes
can be channeled and directed by means of built forms and strategically placed
vegetation, and winds that carry over bodies of water provide even cooler
conditions. It is important to design in response to the changing effects of the sun,
temperature, and prevailing winds in accordance with season. The design in regard
to these changing conditions can result in high efficiency found in a building's
environmental systems.

The huildlngs design elemeats aeed te respairi ta t i e cHaiaac

caniiniaRs ef the envlronmeaL

Buildings will provide solar shade for the summer nnonths.

Natural lighting will be utilized in work areas.

experiential Architecture | p r i c '97 30

 eAinatnral context
p o t e n t i a l d e s i g n r e s p o n s e s
Buildings' masses are to be constructed in a matter which utilize the sun's
radiation for warming effects.
Buildings will be constructed in a matter which provide breezeways for air
movement, especially in summer months.
Buildings' locations will take advantage of desirable views and natural lighting.

Measures need to be taken ta reduce a hulldtais hnpact aa Its

environnient and preserve the character at Its site.

Little disturbance to the site's vegetation.

Natural materials excavated or removed in site development will be retained in a

matter which will allow for reuse later in the project.

Landscaping will consist of vegetation and materials native to the site and region.
Buildings' connection with site will require minimal movement of earth to balance
volumes of cut andfilledearth.

experiential Architecture | p r i c e ' 9 7 31

 e+Ainsyclioioiical context
s s u e s

The Archrtecture of a building and its environment can have psychological

effects on its inhabitants. For the well-being of these users, Architecture can enhance
the quality of the environment through the use of proxemics, color, and materials and
forms, By providing adequate space for its inhabitants, the immediate environment of
an inhabitant can affect one's amount of comfort. The presence of color within the
environment can alter one's state of mind by its particular shade and hue. The
exposure with particular colors can directly affect the moods and productivity by the
characteristics associated with particular colors. It is important to note the that
particular shades of the same color have different connotations. The use of materials
and forms that are common to an inhabitant can create an environment which is
recognizable and familiar.

experiential Architecture | p r i c '97 32

 e+AipsycHological context
s s .. e s

notes

" Color, Environment &. Human Response, pp60-66.

experiential Architecture | p r i c '97 33

 e+Ainsyciioioiical context
p o t e n t i a l d e s i g n r e s p o n s e s

Thraugh proxemics and the appropriate ase al assaclattan In calar and

fomi. Architecture willrespandta the psycholailcal aspects af Its Inhahttants.

Work areas will provide ample space for individuals to operate within.

Speclflc areas will be canprlsed af calan that assaclate ta the

character of the task performed.
the colors red and yellow will be used in areas to stimulate activity and
productivity.
Areas that require excitement and stimulation will use the color orange.
In areas where comfort is an issue, earth tones such as brown and neutral green
will be utilized.
Blue will be used in areas that require calm atmospheres for comfort and
contemplation.

The form af speclflc areas wll resemble the nature af what Is behn
perfarmedlnthearea.
Areas of transition will utilize forms which denote nnovement.
Areas for production manufacturing will have open floor plans.

experiential Architecture | p r i c '97 34

 eAiCHltural context
i s s u e s

Austin's culture is characterized by the interest in its community, where

people's creative efforts are seen by all. Found in the high volume of businesses in the
field of Technology, Austinites are considered highly technical and well-educated
individuals. Over 60% of its inhabrtants have been to college, and Austin has more
holders of library cards and the highest annual bookstore sales per capita than any
other American city. Austin's diverse culture is apparent its ranking 6th among major
American cities in number of musician's and artists in residence and over 60% of
Austin's jobs are white-collar.^
People associate themselves with what they do for a living and how they
spend their free time. Those who identify themselves and their lifestyle closely with
bicycling are becoming more common in the use of exercise as well as commuting to
work, school, and corner markets. Austin has the reputation as an environmentally
conscience city. The use of bicycles for transportation in Austin is becoming common.
In October 1997, from Austin supplying $5,649, the City Council voted unanimously
to seek a $22,595 grant to purchase bicycle and related equipment for city
employees to use for traveling between governmental buildings. The actual number
of people in Austin who use bicycles is supported by a bicycle market where the
highest percentage of user's age matches that of Austin's highest level age group of
twenty-five to thirty-four.^ Although the actual percentage of those who commute
with bicycles is low (5.2%)^ , that number increases dramatically in a workplace
whose function is to produce bicycles.

experiential Architecture | p r i c '97 35

 Aicultnral context

notes
' Austin Oerv/ew, p205.
^Austin Q/en/iew, p205.
^ Associated Press, 5D.
'^ /Advertisement for Diamond Back Bicycles, information from U.S. Census Bureau, BMRI Usage Study
1996.
' Austin Overview, p205.
^ Diamond Back Bicycles.

experiential Architecture j p r I c '97 36

 e Aicultnral context
p o t e n t i a l d e s i g n r e s p o n s e s

Architectural farm willrespandte the cultural cantexL

The forms provided by a design will be recognizable by many cultures in their
internationalism.
Chapel on Mt. Rokko. Kobe. Hyogo. Tadao Ando.
Chapel for the Capuchinas. Colonia TIalpan, Mexico City. Luis Barragan.
Church and Theater on the Water. Tomamu. Hokkaido. Tadao Ando.

Architecture will o n ly incorporate those forms of geometric shapes.

Barragan House & Studio. Colonia Tacubaya, Mexico City, Luis Barragan
Chikatsu-Asuka Historical Museum. Minami-Kawachi, Osaka, Tadao Ando.
Forrest of Tombs Museum. Kumamoto. Tadao, A\ndo.
Galvez House. Colonia San Ajiggl, Mexico City, Luis Barragan.
Gilardi House. Colonia San Miguel Chapultepec. Mexico City. Luis Barragan.
Kidosaki House. Setagaya. Tokyo. Tadao/\ndo.
Koshino House & Studio. Ashiyz Hyogo. Tadao /\ndo.

experiential Architecture | p r i c '97 37

e-l-A facility
 e+A I facility
i s s u e s

Form from function is common in the nature of a warehouse or production facility.

Wide open space is crucial for the sizable equipment and amount of rcKDm devoted to storage
of materials and product. As the container of a product can emulate its contents, the idea of a
production facility for bicycles holds a wide range of potential in its Architecture, just as
various types of construction used in building can determine different loads to be supported,
the desired characteristics of a frame for a bicycle can be determined by its use of material.
The traits of frame's material include its strength, in either rigidity or elasticity, and weight.
The same innovativeness that bicycles possess in their design and anthropometrics has equal
relevance to that of Architecture's.
The proposed facility is an all inclusive factory & headquarters for Cannondale bicycles.
Relocating Cannondale's headquarters, research & development departments, production
outfits, and its storage & distribution facilities to a single site, Cannondale will reduce the
amount of time in which it takes to design and produce bicycles. Cannondale will be able to
make its latest products available to the market faster by the increase of efficiency in
production. The uniqueness brought to the bicycle industry by Cannondale lies in the quality
of their bicycle frames whose sole production is in one U.S. factory. Cannondale has the
reputation worldwide as an innovative company and of the cutting edge in the design of
bicycles. The factory & headquarters for Cannondale Bicycles should reflect and enhance
their image as the designers and builders of the best bicycles.

experiential Architecture! p r i c a '97 39

 e+A I facility
i s s u e s

In order for a company to truly represent an ideal, they must meet that image in every
aspect of their operations. The idea of Cannondale's present headquarters location in a
building that is reminiscent of old American craftsmanship has its novelty, but is contradictory
to their image of being on the forefront of bicycle design. Though most bicycle companies
work in similar barn or warehouse structures, to truly convey the image as the leader of the
industry. Architecture will lead to a functional facility that portrays the ideals a company is
recognized with.
There are two separate but primary entities of the proposed complex which must be
met in the housing of the corporate offices and production facility. The primary functions of
the corporate offices include: Human Resources, Finance, Production Management, Research
& Development, Purchasing, Marketing, Inside Sales and Information Technology. The
primary functions of the Production facility include: Receiving. Production, Assembly and
Storage.

experiential Architecture! p r i c e '97 40

 e+A I facility
p o t e n t i a l d e s i g n r e s p o n s e s

Departments need ta he accessible to ane anather.

AJI office departments will operate via computer networking.

Apple Computer. /Austin. TX.

Departments that operate together will be adjacent to one another.

Apple Computer. Austin, TX.
Nickelodeon Headquarters. New York, NY, Fernau & Hartman /Vchrtects.

Departments that operate together will be within visible distance from one
another.
/Vpple Computer. /\ustin, TX.

Nickelodeon Headquarters. New York, NY, Fernau & Hartman Architects.

Main conference rooms will be located between each department division.

Lounge areas will allow for informal mixing among departmental personnel.
Apple Computer. Austin, TX.

Nickelodeon Headquarters. New York, NY, Fernau & Hartman Architects.

DMslens within the cnmplex wlli have their awn character.

Use of materials will differ from one department to the next.

Bright and Associates. Venice, CA, Franklin D. Israel Design /Sssociates
Leon Max. Morphosis.
Use of forms will differ from one department to the next.
72 Market Street Restaurant. Morphosis.
Aypple Computer. Austin, TX.
Bright and Associates. Venice, CA, Franklin D. Israel Design /Vssociates
Gddberg-Bean House. Hollywood, CA Franklin D. Israel Design Associates

experiential Architecture! p r i c '97 41

 e+A I facility
p o t e n t i a l d e s i g n r e s p o n s e s

Names of conference rooms will be based on common themes in different

departments.

Apple Computer. Austin, TX.

The complex's nature wlH relate to what It praduces

T h e design of the facility will reflect the nature of rts product.

Chrysler Building. New York, NY, William Van Alien.
Guggenheim Museum. Bilbao, Spain, Frank O. Gehry & Associates.
Chapel on Mt. Rokko. Kobe, Hyogo. Tadao AJXJO.
Chapel for the Capuchinas. Colonia TIalpan, Mexico Crty, Luis Barragan.
Chikatsu-Asuka Historical Museum. Minami-Kawachi, Osaka. Tadao Ando.

experiential Architecture! p r i c '97 42

 e+A I facility
s p a t i a l a n d a c t i v i t y a n a i v s s

carporate iieadauaiters
HUMAN RESOURCES
2 I 6SF
Looking after the compan/s best interest and well being, the Human
Resources department is comprised of six people. Involved with such tasks as public
relations and taking care of affairs within the company.

FINANCE
I 08SF
Responsible for receiving money on the accounts of individual bicycle dealers,
Cannondale's Finance department operates on a staff of three people.

PRODUCT MANAGEMEKT
I AASF
It is the job of the Product Management to setup and maintain the schedules
of production. Cannondale produces its bicycles based on the pre-season sales of its
product. Producing it bicycles in runs of same sizes and frame models, allows the
most efficient means of cutting tubing and production. Four staff members

RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

800SF
Research & Development tests and improves upon the integrity of all
Cannondale's product from the stages of prototype to finished product. Trouble

experiential Architecture! p r i c '97 43

 e+A I facility
s p a t i a l a n d a c t i v i t y a n a l y s i s

shooters for Cannondale, the R&D staff provide technical support to its bicycle
retailers. Five staff members.

PURCHASING
I AASF
The Purchasing Department is responsible for the monitoring of the spending
of Cannondale's money. This department places the orders for all materials and
equipment needed for the whole company. Four staff members

MARKETING
1 A4sF
Cannondale's advertising campaigns and graphics for their products are the
responsibility of its marketing department, also produced is the design of all
brochures, videos, and Cannondale merchandise. Four staff members

INSIDE SALES
2 I 6SF
The Inside Sales department is the means of contact for all of Cannondale's
retailers with the company. Staffed by six people, each inside sales representative is
responsible for

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
252SF
The department responsible for the actual design of Cannondale's frames.
Information Technology produces its frame designs three dimensionally in the

experiential Architecture! p r I c '97 44

 e+A I facility
s p a t i a l a n d a c t i v i t y a n a l y s i s

computer, and calculates the dimensions for the individual tubing used for a bicycle's
frame. The particular tubes are then precision cut by laser technology to provide less
waste of materials in the process of frame design. Seven staff members

In addition to the departmental offices, a lunch room and exercise rcom is to

be included in the program for the facility.

corporate iieadauarters

CONFERENCE ROOM I68SF

LUNCHROOM 2 I6SF
EXERCISE ROOM 260SF
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 2 lOSF
INSIDE SALES 1 80SF
MARKETING 1 20SF
PURCHASING 1 20SF
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENTT 600SF
PRODUCT MANAGEMENT 1 20SF
FINANCE 90SF
HUMAN RESOURCES 1 80SF

comploto 22645.1.
usabioxi 3 2943s.f.
grossxi 2 3532s.f

experiential Architecture! p r i c '97 45

 e+A! facility
s p a t i a l a n d a c t i v i t y a n a l y s i s

production facility

RECEIVING
GAOSF
Receiving is responsible for the inventory of all the matenals and components
that are shipped to Cannondale for the assemblage of bicycles. This department is
also responsible for the care of storing the materials between stages of cutting and
welding.

TUBE CmTlNG
594SF
Aluminum tubing is brought here to be cut into the individual tubes for the
welding of frames. Tubes are set within the guides of the laser cutting machinery,
and finished tubes are then stored for the process of welding.

WELDING
600SF
Fifteen welders take the cut tubing within their frame-jigs and begin the
process of welding Cannondale frames. These frames consist of three separate
qualities of frames, and nine different frame styles. After a frame is welded and
checked for its alignment, a Cannondale frame wouldn't be complete before the
welds are filed smooth.

experiential Architecture! p r i c '97 46

 e+A I facility
s p a t i a l a n d a c t i v i t y a n a l y s i s

FRAME FINISHING
760SF

Involved in the finishing of frames is the method of erther painting or polishing

of aluminum frames, adding its graphic details, and then applying a clear coat finish to
seal the work. This process is most efficiently processed in two separate stations by
different workers. Fourteen staff members
painting/polishing the frame four pointers
application of graphics ten staff members
application of dearcoat same four painters

BICYCLE ASSEMBLY
432SF
As frames are ready for assembly, all of a bicycles componentry is installed on
the frame of the bicycle, and fixed to its packaging materials. After all of a bicycles
components are installed, the frames are wrapped in protective foam and packaged
for storage. Twelve staff members prepare bicycles for shipment. Cannondale's
bicycle assemblers each have their own work station with full

STORAGE
800SF
The storage for bicycles and frame sto be shipped is not as large as one may
think be cause of Cannondale's scheduling of production. Very seldom does the

storage area sit at maximum capacity.

experiential Architecture! p r i c t '97 47

 e+Ajfaclity
s p a t i a l a n d a c t i v i t y a n a l y s

production facility

RECEIVING 640SF
TUBE c i r r n N G 594SF
WELDING 600SF
FRAME FINISHING 760SF
BICYCLE ASSEMBLY 432SF
STORAGE 800SF

comploto 31l6S.f.
usaliloxi.3 4142s.f.
gross X 1.2 4970s.f.

experiential Architecture! p r I c '97 48

 experiential Architecture j rOlatiOnSlilP Of SPOCOSfOr fldjaOOnClOS OOd SBt|IOriti (III

CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS

Human Resources Human Resources

Finance Finance
Product Management Product Management
Research & Development Research & Development
Purchasing Purchasing
Marketing Marketing
Inside Sales Inside Sales
Information Technology Information Technology
Credit Credit

MANUFACTURING/PRODUCTION

Receiving Receiving

Production Production

Assembly Assembly

Storage Storage

Distribution Distribution

49
e+A space summary
 e+Ajspaco summary

corporate hoadauartors
CONFERENCE ROOM I68SF
LUNCHROOM 2 1 6SF
EXERCISE ROOM 260SF
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 2 lOSF
INSIDE SALES 1 80SF
MARKETING 1 20SF
PURCHASING 1 20SF
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT 600SF
PRODUCT MANAGEMENT 1 20SF
FINANCE 90SF
HUMAN RESOURCES 1 80SF

complete 2264s.f.
usable X 1.3 2943s.f.
gross X 1.2 3532s.f

production facility
RECEIVING 640SF
TUBE CUTTING S9ASF
WELDING 600SF
FRAME FINISHING 760SF
BICYCLE ASSEMBLY 432SF
STORAGE 800SF

complete 3106s.f.
usable X 1.3 4142s.f.
gross X 1.2 4970s.f.

51
 AI space summary

T o t a l S o u a r e Footage
corporate headquarters 2264s.f.
production facility 3106s.f.
5450s.f.

U s a b l e S u u a r o Footage
corporate headnuartors 2943s.f.
production facility 4142s.f.
7085s.f.

G r o s s S q u a r e Footage
corporate hoadauartors 3532s.f.
production facility 4970s.f.
8502s.f.

52
e+A bibliography
 experiential Architecture | blbllOgrapby

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International Publications, 1994.

Cook, Peter and George Rand. Morphosis: buildings and projects. New York: Rizzoli
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Douglass, Curran F. Austin Overview. Austin: Eakin Press, 1995.

Dubost, Jean-Claude and Jean-Francois Gonthier. Architecture for the future. Paris: Editions
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Frampton, Kenneth and Steven Holl. Anchoring: Steven Holl selected projects 1975-1991.
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. Tadao Ando. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1991.

Hines, Thomas S. Franklin D. Israel: buildings and projects. New York: Rizzoli International
Publications, 1992.

Holl, Steven. Steven Holl: Pre-theoretical Ground. Zurich: Artemis Verlags AG, 1993.

Mahnke, Frank H. Color, Environment, and Human Response. New York:: Van Nostrand
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Rispa. Raul. Barragan: The Complete Works. New York: Princeton Architectural Press,
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Trachentenburg, Marvin and Isabelle Hyman. Architecture, from prehistory to post-
moderinism. Netherlands: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1986.

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1997): 5D.

Chow, Phoebe. "House of Shadows." The Architectural Review (August 1995): 40-44.

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Moore, Charles. "Human Energy." (n.d.): I 15-121.
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experiential Architecture! rickpricp'97 56

e+A lllNstratlaas
 experiential Architecture | illUStradOnS

Frank Israel preface-p I.

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Tadao Ando table of contents-p3.
Koshino House, Ashiya, Hyogo.
Frank Israel abstract-p4.
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Morphosis theory-p8.
Sedlack Residence Addition.
Tadao Ando theory-p9.
Historical Museum, Osaka, Japan.
Luis Barragan theory-p 10.
Galvez House, Mexico City, Mexico.
Frank 6ehry theory-p I I.
Disney Concert Hall, model.
Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain.
morphosis theory-p 12.
Crawford Residence, Montecito, CA.

experiential Architecture I rick price *S7 58

 ^..J
' ^ ^
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