CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

1. Why is the use of the electron microscope important in the study of cell biology ?

2. Why is it important to study cellular components and their functions?

3. Which organelle is found abundantly in a cell that secretes protein products?

4. Match the following cellular components to their functions.

Cellular component Function

A.Vacuole An organelle that contains digestive enzymes
B.Smooth endoplasmic An organelle that traps light energy during
reticulum photosynthesis
C. Lysosome A fluid-filled sac which contains a complex
mixture of sugars, mineral salts, pigments and
waste products
D. Chloroplast An organelle which is involved in the synthesis
of lipids

Practice 2.1

1. What is the function of contractile vacuoles in Amoeba sp.?

2. Explain the process of phagocytosis in Amoeba sp.

3. What is the difference between a tissue and an organ?

4. What are the major systems in humans?

5. Name the systems that are involved in regulating the concentrations of oxygen and carbon
dioxide in the bloodstream.
 Practice 2.2

1. List all the different types of tissues that make up the connective tissue. Briefly describe the
function of each type of tissue named.

2. What are the different tissues that make up a leaf? Give the function of each type tissue in the
leaf.

3. Discuss the process taking place in Figure 2.12. Predict the outcome if the cell does not have the
Golgi apparatus.

Activity 2.5 (page 33)

1. Why do cells need to maintain an optimal internal environment ?

2. State the factors that affect the internal environment of an organism. Explain using an example.

3. Why is it important for an animal to maintain relatively constant conditions in its

internal environment ?

4. Do you think a similar regulatory system exists in plants ? Explain why.

In plants, the need for a regulatory system is lesser because
 SECTION B

1. Figure 1 shows a unicellular organism.

X
X

a) Explain how the organism in Figure 1 moves.

b) Name the structure labeled X. State the main function of X

c) Describe how the organism feeds.

d) (i) How does the organism reproduce ?

( ii ) Draw diagrams to show the reproduction process of the organism and label
them

e) Explain why the structure of the unicellular organism is more complex than the cells in the human body.

2. Figure 2 shows four different types of organelles.

P S
 Q R

Use the letters P, Q, R and S to match the following functions to the organelles.

(a)
Function Organelle
The site where cellular respiration occurs and energy is
generated.
The organelle that captures light energy to make food
The organelle that functions as the processing, packaging and
transporting centre of carbohydrates, proteins, phospholipids
and glycoproteins.
A series of membranes in the cytoplasm through which
substances can be transported

(b) What organelles are present in plant cells but not in animal cells ?

(c) Why is organelle P present in large numbers in the sperm cells of humans and flight
muscle cells of birds?

SECTION C

1. Figure 3 shows two different types of cells, labeled A and B

A B
(a) Which is a plant cell? Give one reason for your answer.

(b) By giving appropriate examples, describes how different organelles work together to enable the cell to
function in an orderly manner.