Update: DNV Enhances Offshore Class Rules

new revision of FLNG Can Arctic Risk
DNVs ISDS STANDARD comes of age be managed?
oil & gas

update News from DNV to the oil & gas industry No 01 2013
DNV enhances
offshore class rules
Integrated Barrier
Risk Management
Photo: xx
The power of joining forces
several new JIPs launched
Shale Gas Risk
Management
contents
Photo: luoman / Getty Images

Photo: DNV / Designimitations
Photo: Chesapeake / Statoil

13 16 24
JIP: Vortex-induced motion study for DNV enhances offshore class rules Shale gas risk management:
deep draft semisubmersibles The importance of being trusted
To view this update in PDF format on your

tablet, scan the QR code or go to www.dnv.com
and download the PDF manually.
www.dnv.com
oil & gas
update
News................................................................................................................... 4
More control better safety............................................................................. 6 Published by DNV Maritime and Oil & Gas Communications
The power of joining forces............................................................................. 9
Subsea forgings JIP a winwin for the industry......................................... 10 Editorial committee:
Cathrine Torp, Svein Inge Leirgulen and Kristian N. Linde
Elevating the industry to ahigher level........................................................ 11 Joyce Dalgarno, Editor
Determining a more accurate vortex-induced vibration (VIV)
assessment of complex jumpers..................................................................... 12 Design and layout: Coor Media 1304-001
Vortex-induced motion study for deep draft semisubmersibles................. 13 Front cover: luoman / Getty Images
Improved design, analysis and testing of umbilicals.................................... 14
Stimulating investment in energy efciency measures................................ 15
DNV enhances offshore class rules................................................................ 16
Free choice of class for oaters in the Gulf of Mexico DNV is chosen... 18 Please direct any enquiries to DNVUpdates@dnv.com
New class notation for seismic vessels........................................................... 19 Online publications:

Well capping technology at your service....................................................... 20 www.dnv.com/industry/oil_gas/publications
A new revision of DNVs offshore standard for Integrated Software
Dependent Systems......................................................................................... 21 DNV (Det Norske Veritas AS)
HHI changes approach to systems and software on semi-sub NO-1322 Hvik, Norway
newbuilding .................................................................................................... 22 Tel: +47 67 57 99 00
Shale gas risk management: the importance of being trusted ................... 24
Det Norske Veritas AS
FLNG an old idea comes of age................................................................. 27 www.dnv.com
DNV to class PETRONAS FLNG Unit, expected to be the worlds
rst in operation............................................................................................. 29
Can Arctic risk be managed?......................................................................... 30
DNV and Statoil cooperate to enhance Arctic competence........................ 34
DNV launches a design framework for floating structures in ice............... 35
2 | oil & gas update NO. 1 2013

editorial
Time for collaboration

and new approaches
The offshore oil and gas industry is moving into time; and finally the Energy Efficient Offshore
remote regions with harsh environments, chal- Partners JIP, which involves offshore support
lenging reservoirs and ultra-deep waters that vessel owners and charterers and aims to reduce
often imply environmentally sensitive areas. It is fuel consumption.
only by developing new approaches, technolo-
gies and practices that many fields will become Being in the forefront of delivering relevant
accessible with acceptable costs and risks. and comprehensive solutions and services is
a key part of DNVs mission. To this end, we
Wherever oil and gas discoveries take us, safe are continuously developing and enhancing
and responsible operations are always the num- DNVs standards and guidelines. A prime and
ber one priority. Whilst we have seen improve- exciting example of this is the launch of DNVs
ments in occupational safety in the oil and gas enhanced and restructured offshore classifica-
Peter Bjerager industry, major accidents still occur. Barrier- tion rules for Mobile Offshore Units. The new
Director of Operations,
DNV North America Oil & Gas based risk management approaches, often asso- rules include a comprehensive description of
ciated with bow tie diagrams, are increasingly interpretations, making the rules requirements
being used as the primary operational tool to easy to understand and apply throughout the
address major accident events. In this issue of design, construction and operation of the asset.
Oil & Gas Update, we highlight the importance For the shale gas sector, DNV has issued a Rec-
of the bow tie tool, and outline the real benefits ommended Practice (RP) for the entire lifecycle
it can bring if properly used. of shale gas extraction based on risk manage-
ment principles. Meanwhile, DNV and key indus-
At DNV, we recognise the advantages of work- try players have developed an enhanced design
ing together with partners to develop new tech- framework for floating structures in ice-covered
nologies, methodologies and solutions. We are Arctic waters.
continuing our tradition of collaborating and
present several Joint Industry Projects (JIPs) in DNV has grown to become a think tank, R & D
this Update. These include a forging-material JIP partner and key risk assessment and manage-
to improve the quality, cost and delivery times of ment organisation within the global oil and gas
forgings for the subsea industry; a JIP on how to industry. We thrive on working closely with our
maintain and inspect jacking gears; one on how customers. Sharing knowledge and experience is
to treat increasingly complex jumpers; another paramount for achieving the best possible results,
on developing best practices for quantifying and we will continue to do so in our pursuit of
vortex-induced motion on deep draft semisub- providing safe and reliable solutions to complex
mersibles; one looking into how increasingly projects in challenging operational environ-
complex and valuable umbilicals perform over ments.
oil & gas update NO. 1 2013 | 3

news
Aasta Hansteen DNV to evaluate two dry-tree semi-submersible

verification contract rig concepts for use in ultra-deep US waters
awarded to DNV
DNV in North America has been awarded Were drawing on all of DNVs interna-
Statoil has awarded DNV the design verifi- a USD 3 million US Department of Energy tional deepwater and technology knowl-
cation contract for its Aasta Hansteen Spar funded RPSEA (Research Partnership for edge, bringing it to Houston for the
FPSO, which will be the worlds largest Securing Energy for America) project to benefit of the local industry and to help
Spar platform and the first of its kind on evaluate and support the development of develop floater concepts for the Gulf of
the Norwegian continental shelf (NCS). two cost-competitive dry-tree semi-submers- Mexico, says Jenny Lu, DNV head of the
The Aasta Hansteen field development ible rig concepts for the Gulf of Mexico. project.
is presently one of the most important The rigs will have drilling and production
developments in Norway and a pioneer in capabilities and be located in minimum
the deepwater (1300m) and harsh environ- water depths of 8,000 feet.
ment sector. This is the first Spar on the DNV is to act as an independent third
NCS and also represents new technology party to evaluate the concepts maturity
for Statoil on a number of items, such as levels and define the further development
fibre rope mooring, steel catenary risers scope based on critical design issues and
and the fact that the Spar is the largest of the management of these. Approval in
its kind. principal of the concepts performance
A key task for DNV will be to check that and qualification of the riser tensioner
NORSOK requirements are adequately technology are included.
RPSEA
implemented in the Technip Houston Prior to this project, DNV has worked
design and that the new technology is with Deepstar to mature these concepts.
documented to be safe.
As well as the design verification scope,
the contract includes a Structural Integ- line end manifolds (PLEMs) and jumpers.
rity Failure Risk Assessment covering all Since the contract was initially awarded,
phases of the project. Production start-up Verifying Williams the scope of work has expanded to include
is planned at the end of 2016. Tubular Bells project the design review for risers, valve-procure-
ment inspection services and inspection of a
marine load in Wakayama, Japan. Addition-
ally, DNV now serves as the certified verifica-
DNVs Deepwater Technology group in tion agent for the fabrication portion of the
Houston is working with Williams Field Titanium Tapered Stress Joints (TTSJs).
Services (Williams) on the materials verifica- DNV has been able to fill various roles
tion, fabrication and installation phases of throughout Tubular Bells verification,
the Tubular Bells Export Pipeline project in fabrication and installation processes, said
the Gulf of Mexico. DNV is providing Wil- Miguel Urias, DNVs project manager. In
liams with independent, third-party verifica- cases such as these, where DNV is advocat-
tion support. ing industry best practices, we are able
Williams is constructing a 16-mile export to provide our customers with independ-
pipeline system for the Tubular Bells field ent verification of all components during
in the Gulf of Mexico. This pipeline will the design, construction and installation
transport oil and gas from the future Gulf- phases. This also safeguards the customers
star FPS SPAR to the existing Blind Faith interests.
export pipeline system located in Block The expected completion date for the
Statoil
MC-728. DNV is verifying the design, fabri- construction of the pipeline is December
cation and installation of the pipelines, pipe 2013.

news
Classification of New Chairman

Totals Moho TLP of DNVs Rig
Owners Committee
DNV has won a contract with Total for
appointed
the classification of a tension leg plat-
form (TLP). DNVs office in Houston
will carry out the work. The Moho Nord Terry Loftis, a veteran of the industry and
Phase 2 project will use a TLP with a hull Transoceans Director of Engineering,
of around 9,000 tonnes and topsides has been appointed as the new chairman
of 5,000 tonnes. The platform will be of DNVs prestigious Rig Owners Com-
located offshore Congo on the west coast mittee. The members of the Rig Owners
of Africa. The TLP will be installed at the Committee represent owners and manag-
Moho Nord field in the first half of 2015 ers of mobile offshore units (MOUs) and
Transocean
with first oil due in 2016. DNV has been floating production units. The committee
involved since the early concept develop- is intended to provide an active forum for
ment phase and has also helped Total the industry to share and discuss current
with extensive independent verification to and future developments in technology >> Terry Loftis, Transoceans Director of
Engineering, has been appointed as the Chairman of
provide confidence in its first TLP Project. and practices, and support initiatives that DNVs global Rig Owners Committee.
DNVs overall technical competence and will benefit the industry.
experience with TLPs were a key factor in The functions of the committee also MODUs began when he was an independ-
winning this contract. include providing industry input to DNVs ent consultant for Transocean working on
current and future activities, including the design and construction of semi-sub-
DNVs innovation programmes, industry mersible drilling rigs in the mid-1980s, and
initiatives and rule-making process. While he joined Transocean in 1997. After being
DNV updates the industry on its activi- actively involved in the design and con-
DNV to cooperate ties at committee meetings held annually struction of several ultra deepwater drill-
with Korea Gas in Houston, Aberdeen and the UAE, the
committee typically offers feedback on the
ships in Korea, he returned to Houston to
lead the Dynamic Positioning & Controls
Corporation on a quality and scope of DNVs services related group within Transocean Engineering until
to floating drilling and production units. he was appointed to his current position as
feasibility study of Mr Loftiss technical involvement with Director of Engineering.
LNG bunkering
in Korea LNG bunkering in ports in the south-
eastern area, Pusan, and western area,
Incheon and Pyeongtaek. This project will
be led by Dr Sun Il Yoo, Senior Customer
DNV and Korea Gas Corporation Service Manager in DNV Korea, who will
(KOGAS), Koreas national gas company, be assisted by the DNV Clean Technology
have entered into an agreement to coop- Centre in Singapore.
erate on a feasibility study on the estab- Through this project, DNV aims to
lishment of an LNG bunkering infrastruc- define Koreas commercial opportunities
ture in Korea. This is one of the largest related to LNG distribution and ship-
and most comprehensive feasibility studies ping by addressing possible LNG supply
ever initiated in the worldwide LNG bun- chains and infrastructures, LNG shipping
kering industry. technologies and bunkering, standards,
KOGAS
DNV will qualitatively and quantita- regulations and issues regarding public
tively study the feasibility of implementing acceptance.

Offshore safety
More control better safety

Integrated barrier risk management
Many companies in the offshore oil and gas sector are starting to use barrier-
based risk management approaches as suggested by the International Association
of Drilling Contractors (IADC) in its HSE Case Guidelines. However, this is
sometimes seen as an isolated, one-off activity which is useful for regulatory
purposes and not much more. That means missing out on a great opportunity.
TEXT: Robin Pitblado, DNV
The barrier approach uses the bow tie risk quantitative risk assessment (QRA) to
model as its under-pinning. This sets out better define risks and risk management.
in a simple figure the Hazard, the Top But these are not so useful for operations
Event (i.e. the undesired loss of control and this is where the Bow Tie tool, if prop-
or leak event), the Threats that cause this erly managed, can provide real benefits.
and the Consequences that might arise. In
between the Threats and the Top Event Operational Risk Management
are the Prevention Barriers those con- using Bow Ties
trols (or controls and safeguards) which The first step is to bud the bow ties and
Photo: DNV
stop a threat from propagating through to share them. This requires:

the top event. Similarly, between the Top Building the bow tie diagrams
Event and the Consequences are Mitiga- Clearly assigning responsibility for all
Robin Pitblado, Director SHE Risk Management
tion Barriers which reduce the magnitude barriers
of the potential consequences. This figure Verifying that there are sufficient barri-
is usually extended to depict Barrier Decay diagrams are shared with staff and contrac- ers in place for all threats more barri-
Mechanisms (or escalation factors), which tors for training purposes and with regu- ers for higher risks, fewer for lower risks
show how the main pathway barriers can lators to demonstrate safe control. Bow
degrade and what specific controls are Ties are the primary operational tool that The above set of barrier definitions is
put in place to prevent this (e.g. training, addresses major accident events and how good, but on-going performance monitor-
competence, inspection, preventive main- staff and contractors can manage these ing is better and more powerful. Barriers
tenance). The figure is often enhanced safely. degrade over time if not looked after and
using colour coding to show which group DNV views this as a basic implemen bow tie diagrams can become fiction if
is responsible for each barrier (operations, tation of bow ties and as not at all extract- not actively managed. Ideally, companies
maintenance, corporate, contractors, etc). ing their full potential. In the overall con- would like near real-time status on each
Many operators develop a collection of text of risk management, at design time barrier in order to be able to manage
bow ties for their major activities typically DNV sees a mix of tools as being necessary their activities safely. Some companies
10-20 and when built-out fully these regulatory and classification compliance have developed documents that specify
define all the major controls deployed to tools as well as both qualitative tools (e.g. the barriers that must be functioning for
make the offshore facility safe and protect HAZID, HAZOP) and quantitative tools every planned activity this recognises
against environmental spills. The bow tie (e.g. CFD consequence modelling and that barriers have holes and some may be

Offshore safety
Barriers to eliminate
& prevent causes of Barriers to control
hazardous event consequences & effects
e.g. flammable gas
Corrosion Hazard No ignition

Cause 1 Consequence 1
Mal-operation Ignited Jet fire

THREATS
EFFECTS
Cause 2 TOP EVENT Consequence 2
Barrier decay Barrier decay

mechanism controls Loss of containment mechanism controls
Barrier decay Barrier decay

mechanism mechanism
Risk management hierarchy

Elimination Prevention Detection Mitigation Emergency
Figure 1: Example of a simplified bow tie diagram
degraded. This is sometimes called the Conclusions

Manual of Permitted Operations (MOPO) The offshore oil and gas industry The offshore oil and gas industry is start-
or Statement of Operational Boundaries ing to use bow tie risk management for
is starting to use bow tie risk
(SOOB). A problem here is knowing what operations, but so far the use is mainly
barriers have been degraded. Inspection,
management for operations, for regulatory purposes and thus does not
preventive maintenance and audits are all but so far the use is mainly for extract the full value from the approach.
good techniques but have a cycle time that regulatory purposes and thus Ongoing performance monitoring is key
can allow a year or more between status does not extract the full value and that means tracking the performance
updates. from the approach. of all barriers to make sure they are func-
A novel method, developed by DNV, tioning adequately. This helps to ensure
provides much more frequent updates on that all the necessary barriers are function-
the barrier status the BSCAT accident routine investigations and it reinforces the ing when activities are carried out, espe-
investigation approach. In short, BSCAT risk assessment supervisors and staff for cially less frequent ones. The DNV BSCAT
is the barrier-based extension to DNVs every incident. Since demands on barriers approach is an important element of this
SCAT (Systematic Cause Analysis Tech- are now identified as amongst the most and it also provides data to feed into the
nique) method. Every incident means that useful leading indicators (e.g. API 754 and new system of leading and lagging indica-
some barriers have failed, and since many OGP 456) and many companies are com- tors being adopted in the industry.
facilities experience over 100 actual or mitted to adopting these standards, the Put simply, more control (i.e. under-
near-miss events annually, analysing these BSCAT approach and bow tie risk man- standing what controls are deployed and
for barrier failures can provide the most agement integrate powerfully into these their operational status) equates to better
frequent and up-to-date barrier status. It systems. safety.
turns out this is not much more work than

Offshore safety
Operator
Error
Steam PVC Pressure relief Watchmen Ammonia
Cleaning Control system system Pressure Vessel
Procedure (isolated) (isolated) (not implemented)
Improper operation Failure to follow Make safety

of equipment procedure device inoperative
Inadequate Make safety device Failure to

Supervision inoperative warn
Improve Operating Enhance work Inadequate

Procedure permit process communication
Enhance work
permit process
Enhance training Goodyear

system Tyre & Rubber
Company:
overpressure
Maintenance and burst
Error
Maintenance procedure WK order / LOTO
[failure inform work [Work not completed,
not completed] left in dangerous state]
Improper Servicing Failure follow work

of Eqpt control system
Failure to Inadequate pre-

communicate use inspection
Inadequate Enhance permit

procedure system
Enhance
Maintenance proc
Figure 2: Example of BSCAT build-out (from a public US Chemical Safety Board investigation report)
Occupational Safety Performance $Billion Total loss per 5 yrs

4 $8,000
$7,000
Reportable incidents per 200,000 manhours
3.5
3 $6,000
2.5 $5,000
2 $4,000
Mean/5yrs
1.5 $3,000
API
BP
1 Chevron Texaco $2,000
ConocoPhillips
0.5 Dow
ExxonMobil $1,000
Shell
0 Concawe $0
197276 197781 198286 199296 199701 200206 200711
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Figure 3: Occupational vs major accident performance. Source: M&Ms 100 Largest Losses to 2011.
Includes Refining, Petrochem, Gas processing, Terminals, Upstream.
DNV maintains records of oil, gas and past 20 years. Conversely, there has not been any been in the North Sea, where major accident
petrochemical industry safety performance and decline in inflation-adjusted major accident claims rates (as indicated by large leaks) have
these show that the industry has been as compiled by Marsh in its 100 Largest Losses significantly declined. The difference between the
tremendously successful in reducing occupational- list. DNV believes that the methods which have North Sea and other places is the focus on
related accidents, but has been much less delivered the great improvements in occupational barriers and barrier management and ensuring
successful for major accidents. Occupational safety are not appropriate for achieving a that barriers are maintained at their specified
accidents have fallen by an average factor of 3 in reduction in major accidents and that is why there performance standard throughout the facilitys
the past 10 years and nearly a factor of 10 in the has been so little improvement. An exception has lifetime.

JOINT INDUSTRY PROJECTS
The power of
joining forces
Every year DNV

invites its staff to propose
new ideas for technology and service
development. In 2012, we completed
200 development projects within the Cutting
Edge and Technology Leadership portfolios
covering the maritime, oil & gas and cleaner
energy sectors. 29 were Joint Industry Projects (JIPs),
where we worked closely with industry partners.
The following pages present six of our current

JIPs. We welcome your responses, and invite
you to seek further information, or to join
us in our efforts to solve industry
challenges.

Photo: Getty Images

Subsea forgings JIP

a winwin for the industry
A major portion of a subsea projects lead time is due to delivery times for large steel
forgings used in making key components, such as X-mas trees. Due to company-
specific requirements, suppliers will not normally stock most such forgings prior to a
project call-off, and the typical delivery time can be in excess of seven months.
Text: Bjrn Sgrd, DNV
A unified set of requirements across the to forging shops which may have limited contributions from, and the experiences
industry is expected to make procurement or no experience with the applicable of, major oil companies, subsea contrac-
easier and help to reduce quality prob- requirements in the subsea industry and tors and manufacturers of steel forgings.
lems. On this basis, and in response to ini- locations that are more remote and less DNV will contribute its own pool of
tiatives from key stakeholders in the subsea accessible for follow-up and surveillance. subject-matter experts who have wide expe-
community, DNV has taken steps to estab- rience in this field.
lish a forging-material Joint Industry Pro- ENSURING HIGH QUALITY
ject (JIP). This JIP which aims to provide The approach to ensure consistently high
a Recommended Practice for global use and repeatable quality across both the
should be seen as a contribution towards industry and geographical regions, and to
a win-win situation for the industry. build confidence in the final product, is to
adopt a unified material standard with a
BACKGROUND/CHALLENGE consistent methodology to manage all the
The motivation for the JIP is to improve steps in the supply chain processes.
the quality and reduce the cost and deliv- The project will incorporate valuable 2 5 15
ery times of forgings for the subsea indus- Quality cost with increasing batch size
try. Due to quality concerns, end users of
subsea systems typically have company-
specific requirements for subsea forgings. CONTACT INFORMATION
This makes stocking prefabricated forg-
ings, and thereby shorter lead times, diffi-
cult for the vendor industry. A prerequisite
for shortening lead times and making pro-
ject execution more efficient is the timely
Photo: Eldy/Studio E
availability of forgings that meet all likely

end users quality requirements.
The material quality and confidence
in a forging shops products are strongly
influenced by knowledge of the plant and
its resources, including company inspec- Bjrn Sgrd
tors. Today, the subsea industry is facing If you would like to know more or
participate in the JIP, please contact
Photo: DNV
increasing demands in terms of volume.

DNVs project manager, Bjrn Sgrd,
Consequently, manufacturing sites are
Business Development Leader
being established in new regions and sup- Well, Subsea and Risers.
ply chains are becoming increasingly glob- The JIP aims to improve the quality and reduce
bjorn.sogard@dnv.com
the cost and delivery times of forgings for the
al, generating new challenges with regard subsea industry.

Elevating the industry

to ahigher level
Jacking gears are by definition the most characteristic systems of self-
elevating units or jack-ups. Despite this prominent position, they often remain
neglected on board, with a high potential for dire consequences.
Text: SVEIN INGE LEIRGULEN, DNV
In order to achieve higher availability, professional follow-up in the inspection the initiative in a JIP and directly invite all
reduce the risk of gear failure and lower and maintenance of jacking gears is obvi- the players in the self-elevating segment
the life cycle cost, DNV invites the industry ous, but not directly straightforward from to participate. Its only by including the
to participate in a Joint Industry Project a practical point of view. The high turno- experiences and relevant considerations of
(JIP). The projects main focus will be on ver of people with specific knowledge on other industry players that the objectives
defining best practices in the maintenance board, the evolving nature of the systems of the individual partners can be reached,
and inspection of jacking gears. and the natural focus on merely the pro- he states.
The consequences of jacking gear fail- duction process and systems on board The JIPs goal is to develop a recom-
ure range from the operator being unable make this follow-up often challenging for mended practice document that describes
to reposition the platform to logistical an owner, Michiel van der Geest explains. the solution to achieve higher availability
challenges in correcting the failure. The Based on their respective backgrounds and at the same time reduces the risk of
worst case scenario is if the failure occurs as a classification society and recognised jacking gear failure. The overall life cycle
in the middle of a jacking operation, as service supplier, DNV and Dutch com- cost will also be on the agenda. The JIP
this may lead to an unstable platform that pany WillTeco have initiated a project to plans to collect and analyse experienced
is prone to wave impacts. This implies a improve the inspection and maintenance (near) incidents, mutually review current
concrete danger to the unit, says DNVs of jacking gears. In our experience, the inspection and maintenance work support-
Offshore Class product manager, Michiel best way of solving common industry chal- ed by risk-based modelling and, finally,
van der Geest. lenges is to join forces, explains Michiel define and select best practices.
Facing these risks, the need for van der Geest, so we decided to carry out
CONTACT INFORMATION
Photo: DNV
Photo: Getty Images
Michiel van der Geest

If you would like to know more or
participate in the JIP, please contact
DNVs project manager, Michiel van der
Geest, Product Manager, Offshore Class.
michiel.van.der.geest@dnv.com
Worst case scenario of jacking gear failure an unstable platform prone to wave impacts and a high
potential for dire consequences.

Determining a more accurate

vortex-induced vibration (VIV)
assessment of complex jumpers
Treating increasingly complex jumpers as free spanning pipelines
may no longer be the best approach. DNV is establishing a
joint industry project to find out whether this is a problem
and, if so, to gather the knowledge necessary to better
assess these risks and manage them more effectively.
Text: Kristian N. Linde, DNV
It has been noted lately that the industry is The JIP aims to:
increasingly considering complex jumper Address gaps in the state-of-the-art assess-
systems (such as U-shaped, M-shaped and ment of complex jumper systems

Z-shaped jumper systems), whose structure Simple Pipe
Estimate and improve the safety level
may comprise pipe sections of various ori- in the current damage calculation
entations. Even though complex jumper approach
systems are advantageous with regard to Provide the industry participants with
their increased flexibility (end displace- a first-of-a-kind design guideline docu-

ment tolerance), they also bring unique ment to address VIV assessment of the
challenges of their own, such as in the VIV
U-Shaped
complex spools.
fatigue assessment.
There are limited studies on these com-
plex jumper systems. The length of each CONTACT INFORMATION
structural member (legs), angle subtended
by the legs (for 3D systems), current
direction, shedding patterns, stress type,
etc, influence the VIV of such complex M-shaped
jumper systems. These factors result in a

system that deviates from the parameters
set forth in DNV RP F105 (Free Spanning
Pipelines) and may consequently lead to
Photo: DNV
fatigue failure that is beyond the design

predictions.
Currently no software (or validated Z-shaped
methodology) exists for VIV assessment of
Aravind Nair
complex structures. Strictly speaking, there
is also no empirical data to validate any If you would like to know more or
of the damage assessment calculations on Complex jumper systems are advantageous with participate in the JIP, please contact
regard to their increased flexibility, but they also DNVs project manager, Aravind Nair,
non-straight geometries. This JIP is part of bring unique challenges of their own, such as in the
Senior Engineer.
VIV fatigue assessment.
DNVs on-going effort to bridge this gap. aravind.nair@dnv.com

Vortex-induced motion
study for deep draft
semisubmersibles
Deep draft semisubmersibles in the Gulf of Mexico are subject to high currents
associated with the loop current and eddies that can lead to large amplitude Vortex-
Induced Motion (VIM). This can result in significant fatigue in moorings and risers.
More knowledge is needed to manage this risk adequately, as current practices are
overly conservative and costly. DNV is therefore establishing a Joint Industry Project
to develop best practices for quantifying VIM for deep draft semisubmersibles.
Operators have stated that the existing strakes, and help screen the VIM mitiga-
design practice (tow tests) for VIM is tion strategies to be model tested. Finally,
inadequate and overly conservative for the VIM and VIM mitigation will be summa-
design of mooring and riser systems. They rised in the form of VIM design guidelines.
wish to remove this conservatism by using In order to study the problem and
a combination of full-scale measurements develop a plan, background work will need
and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to be performed. Systematic CFD will then
in order to fully represent parameters that be carried out to study and improve the
cannot be included in tow tests, such as VIM performance of the semisubmersible
velocity shear, surface wave effects and hulls. Overall, the study will yield a better
velocity direction variation with depth. understanding of semisubmersible VIM
Removing present conservatism could and provide options to mitigate VIM.
reduce the cost of the mooring and riser
systems for a deepwater field development CONTACT INFORMATION
project by around USD 10M. This would
easily justify funding CFD work at an order
of magnitude of USD 100K per project
(i.e., 1% of the savings achieved in reduc-
ing mooring and riser system costs).
This project will leverage existing
model test results and field measurements
as appropriate from information available
Photo: DNV / Designimitations
Photo: DNV
in the public domain. In addition, VIM

mitigation will be explored by performing
hull geometry modifications or using VIM
mitigating devices. CFD analysis will be
ROBERT GORDON
used to understand semisubmersibles VIM
and sensitivity to various parameters by
participate in the JIP, please contact DNVs
studying the fluid flow and VIM response. Current design practice for VIM is inadequate and project manager, Robert Gordon,
CFD will also be used to evaluate and opti- overly conservative for the design of mooring and Senior Engineer.
riser systems. More knowledge is needed to manage
mise the VIM mitigation strategies, such as this risk adequately. robert.gordon@dnv.com

Improved design,
analysis and testing
of umbilicals
DNV is launching a Joint Industry Project to gather
knowledge to find out how increasingly complex
and valuable umbilicals perform over time.
Subsea umbilicals are now designed with for the safe and reliable design of subsea physical tests and analytical methods. DNV
multipurpose functionality such as subsea umbilicals, DNV invites operators and will launch this Joint Industry Project (JIP)
control and monitoring, chemical injec- manufacturers to review umbilical test data together with UltraDeep.
tion, gas lift and electric power transmis- for calibrating tools and validate analytical Key deliverables of the JIP include the
sion. In deepwater, dynamic umbilicals tools and methods. development of a state-of-the-art guideline
have to withstand high-end termination Planning the umbilical qualification for testing umbilicals and a report on the
loads and fatigue issues. Calculating what test programme is extremely important design and analysis of umbilicals validated
can go wrong with these valuable and for understanding the complex cross- against test data. Findings will be directly
complex systems demands computing sectional behaviour of umbilicals. Proper applied to the HELICA and ABAQUS
power and insight. To provide the industry instrumentation of the umbilical test speci- analysis tools.
with improved methods and analysis tools men is vital to establish the link between
CONTACT INFORMATION
Photo: DNV
Illustration: DNV
MAYURESH Dhaigude
participate in the JIP, please contact DNVs
project manager, Mayuresh Dhaigude,
In deepwater, dynamic umbilicals have to withstand high end Senior Engineer.
termination loads and fatigue issues. What could possibly go wrong? mayuresh.dhaigude@dnv.com

Stimulating investment
in energy efciency
measures
In close cooperation with ship owners and charterers, DNV has compiled tools
that ship owners and charterers can use to reduce fuel consumption.
Text: Synne Opsand, DNV
The problem of split incentives is well reducing effect on fuel consumption were and propeller polishing. A common plat-
known in the shipping industry. It is an identified, including an improvement form with agreed initiatives will be much
unusual situation for a business, explains potential of 16%. The seven shipping easier to communicate and implement in
Knut Ljungberg, DNVs project manager. companies together own and operate 170 the industry.
The ship owners control the initiatives, vessels. With the vessels emitting around The last phase of the project will be
while the charterers benefit from reduced 1.7Mt of CO2 every year, the initiative will set in motion in June 2013. This is a pilot
fuel expenses. In a joint industry project have a considerable impact on the environ- project in which the guidelines, commu-
called Energy Efficient Offshore Partners, ment. Having the charterers involved cuts nication framework and incentive scheme
seven offshore support vessel (OSV) own- the charterers fuel costs and makes sure will be applied together with the imple-
ers and two charterers have been work- the initiatives spread to other vessels too. mentation of energy efficiency measures
ing together with DNV to mitigate this In phase II, practice guidelines were on several ships over a period of four
barrier to investment in energy efficiency established, as were a communication months. Successful results in the pilot may
measures. framework and an incentive scheme to make way for a common practice in the
Phase I of the project was completed split the financial reward gained from the industry.
in September 2012. In this phase, several reduction in fuel consumption. Examples
energy efficiency measures and their of key focus areas included DP operation
CONTACT INFORMATION
Photo: DNV
David Puu/Corbis
Knut Ljungberg
If you would like to know more or participate
in the JIP, please contact DNVs project
Fuel is a major cost item today and DNV can assist with all aspects of reducing fuel consumption from manager, Knut Ljungberg,
implementation of operational energy management services to technical solutions, such as retrofitting fuel Principal Consultant.
saving devices on existing ships. knut.ljungberg@dnv.com

Offshore Class
DNV enhances
offshore class rules
DNV has restructured its offshore classification rules for Mobile Offshore Units in order to improve
transparency and enhance safety. Our aim is to help the rig owner in the building process to clearly
show that the unit is constructed in compliance with reliability and safety standards. At the same
time, yards can achieve improved control of the building process and have the ability to document the
safety level of alternative solutions, says Erik Henriksen, Director for Mobile Offshore Units at DNV.
Text: Svein Inge Leirgulen, DNV
International offshore regulations and positive effect on downtime. For owners

requirements are constantly adapting to looking to achieve this advantage, DNV
new conditions, technologies and safety has added an extra level of system require-
issues. Class rules prescribe how the regu- ments defining the optional Enhanced
lations are to be met and help the owner Safety class notation.
and yard in designing and constructing Specifically, the restructured rules pro-
the newbuild. But achieving an optimal vide advantages to all parts of the value
result requires a delicate balance between chain.
detailed prescriptive vs. functional and EFFICIENCY; they enable more efficient
more general requirements. The first production that meets internationally

ensure predictable and transparent results, accepted standards without being lim-
while the latter allow the application of ited to prescriptive solutions
Photo: DNV
alternative solutions. RELIABILITY; they provide assurance
that the unit meets reliability and safety

ADDED VALUE
Erik Henriksen, Director for Mobile Offshore Units
standards without the burden of unnec-
As a class society, DNV aims to provide at DNV essary disputes
clear and updated rules to ensure that off- TRANSPARENCY; they create trust
shore units are safe, efficient and reliable. that safety and design principles are
This is where DNV gives added value, since international standards and codes. How- implemented by following detailed
a more reliable unit equals less downtime, ever, in addition, they include a compre- interpretations
says Henriksen. hensive description of interpretations.
DNV is continuously developing its This makes the rules requirements easy The enhanced and restructured format
standards and guidelines in order to be to understand and apply throughout the is now open for comments during a six-
in the forefront. We have launched an design, construction and operation of the week consultation period. Subsequently,
enhanced and restructured version of our asset, he points out. DNV will update the standards based
offshore classification rules for Mobile on the input received, followed by final
Offshore Units. Im confident that these GOING BEYOND BASIC REQUIREMENTS publication.
will provide stakeholders with a clear DNV recognises the competitive advantage
description of the technical requirements. of building in excess of the basic level
As before, the rules are aligned with the required for compliance with regulations.
IMO MODU Code, International Asso- Going beyond basic requirements will not
ciation of Classification Societies (IACS) only result in improved safety, but also Visit www.dnv.com/offshoreclass
to learn more, download the
Unified Requirements and other relevant increase reliability and hence have a direct rules and provide comments.

Offshore Class
Photo: luoman / Getty Images

DNV aims to provide clear and updated rules to ensure that offshore units are safe, efficient and reliable. This is where DNV gives added value, since a more reliable unit
equals less downtime.
About DNV Offshore

Classification Services
VOLUNTARY NOTATION ES
BEFORE NOW Improved safety and reliability
in a cost efficient manner. Stakeholders such as financial institutions,
Uniform with a renowned shareholders, insurers and society at large
quality but less transparent.
have a similar focus on the safety and
reliability of Mobile Offshore Units (MOUs).
ENHANCED
SYSTEMS Accidents are not tolerated in modern
society. DNV helps customers to ensure
adequate safety and reliability through
offshore classification during all phases of the
assets lifetime, i.e. design, construction and
MAIN CLASS
operation.
MAIN CLASS
DNV establishes basic rule requirements based

on theory and its experience of MOUs, and
A NEW DIMENSION later verifies that the required safety standards
Interpretations ensuring are incorporated into the design and that
control on the newbuild
FUNCTIONAL MAIN CLASS the safety level continues to be maintained
process and deliveries.
Aligned with the international throughout the units life cycle.
accepted safety standards.
Going beyond basic class requirements.

Offshore Class
Free choice of class for

oaters in the Gulf of
Mexico DNV is chosen
Classification and CVA (Certified Verification Agent) contract with DNV for
Delta House floater marks a new era of choice in the Gulf of Mexico.
DNV has been awarded the classification of Safety and Environmental Enforcement
contract for a new build floating produc- (BSEE) has also appointed DNV as the
tion semi-submersible platform for the CVA for the structure, mooring and riser,
GoM. The Delta House floater will be and all this work will be executed from the
operated by LLOG Exploration Company, Houston office. The Design Basis Agree-
a premier private exploration and produc- ment for Delta House, as approved by the
tion company in the Gulf of Mexico. Coast Guard, is largely based on DNVs
Following a detailed review of DNV Photo: LLOG Exploration Company offshore rules for a FOI (Floating Offshore
rules and procedures, the U.S. Coast Installation).
Guard has confirmed it will accept plan The hull is designed on the basis of
review and inspection functions conducted EXMAR Offshore Companys proprietary
by DNV for the Delta House floater as part OPTI-11000 and will be fabricated in
of the units certification under Title 33, Korea, at Hyundai Heavy Industries. The
Code of Federal Regulations. This follows topside production system is designed by
from the general acceptance given by the The Design Basis Agreement for the Delta House New Orleans-based Audubon Engineering
U.S. Coast Guard in 2007 and provides a floater is largely based on DNVs offshore rules for a Company, and fabrication and integration
Floating Offshore Installation.
new option for owners and operators of with the hull will take place at the Kiewit
offshore floating units. Offshore Services Yard in Ingleside, Texas.
Owners have expressed a strong desire technology and, of course, reduced down- The completed FOI will be installed on the
to choose the classification society for time. We are confident that both owners Mississippi Canyon block 254 in the deep-
floating offshore installations in Ameri- and regulatory agencies will benefit from water U.S. Gulf of Mexico. Fabrication of
can waters and we know there are many this, he said. the hull starts in early 2013 for planned
owners, designers, operators and yards DNV has carried out extensive verifica- production in 2015.
that would prefer to work with DNV. tion and independent analysis work on DNV is currently also classifying eight
This contract is proof that they can do so many GoM floaters throughout the past 20 newbuilding projects as well as OSVs, div-
and be confident of legal and regulatory years, including many high profile failure ing support vessels and a U.S. flag ro-ro/
approval, said Kenneth Vareide, DNVs and accident investigations. The company container ship for the U.S. Jones Act trade.
Director of Operations for Maritime in has a wide portfolio of CVA and develop- These are at various stages of construction
North America. ment projects for the oil and gas industry in U.S. yards in the Gulf and on the East
With its local capabilities and exper- in the GoM. DNV was also the classifica- Coast.
tise, DNV is a well-established alternative tion society and CVA for the first FPSO on Globally, DNVs market shares of clas-
and experienced partner for classing float- the Cascade and Chinook field in the US sification contracts awarded for newbuild-
ers and complex projects in the Gulf of GoM. ings in 2012 were as follows: FPSO/FSRU
Mexico. We now look forward to address- DNV will carry out approvals of classi- 70%; drillships 30%; semi-submersibles
ing the industrys needs and desires for fication and verification work and surveys 60%.
increased safety, reliability, cutting-edge related to activities in the US. The Bureau

Rule Development
New class notation for

seismic vessels
DNV has developed a new class notation for seismic vessels in consultation with key
industry players such as WesternGeco, PGS and Fugro-Geoteam. The need to have
enhanced redundancy and proper deck arrangements to ensure continuous operations
without any loss of speed is the backbone of these new technical requirements.
Text: Per Wiggo Richardsen, DNV
Seismic vessels contain high-end comput-

erised technology to find resources below
the seabed, and represent a key element in
the value chain leading to future offshore
field developments. Any interruptions in
the ships forward movement can compli-
cate the seismic data processing, so contin-
uous operations with a focus on avoiding
any downtime of key functions are of the
utmost importance. With expensive seismic
streamer equipment mobilised at sea, any
sudden loss of service speed may lead to
severe consequences, such as damage to
cables that impairs the whole seismic vessel
operation.
Photo: DNV
Photo: PGS
The new notation focuses on the
increased availability of the vessels during
critical phases of the seismic operations. As
Jan Kvlsvold, Director for Market and Business Big, bold and beautiful PGS Ramform Titan
well as vessel operators, DNV has consulted Development an icon for efficient marine 3D seismic acquisition
seismic handling and high-pressure equip-
ment suppliers to ensure that all current
and future industry challenges are compre- Maintaining propulsive power is a key Beyond this, the class notation also sets
hensively dealt with. issue. The class notation has therefore a requirement for the bridge arrangement
The new notation was released last year taken the DNV concept for redundant pro- to ensure a good view of the streamers
and strengthens DNVs position in the pulsion one step further so that any failure and any workboats that are close by during
seismic classification market as the indus- on board will not lead to the loss of more normal operations. High-pressure systems
try focuses more strongly on deepwater, than 50 per cent of the forward thrust. This are also addressed in the class notation to
frontier exploration. DNV has the great- is sufficient to maintain a minimum speed ensure that deck operations can be carried
est share of this market. More than every of a few knots and will protect any high-cost out safely by the crew.
second seismic vessel is DNV-classed. By air guns and streamers that are deployed. The worlds energy demand is increas-
introducing the new class notation, we are Seismic vessels typically operate for ing, said Mr Kvlsvold. Even though new
helping owners in this high-tech special- many months continuously without seek- energy sources are being developed, fossil
vessel segment to meet future demands ing harbour. The class notation requires a fuel will maintain its dominance well into
with the utmost safety and reliability, says deck arrangement that facilitates side-by- the future. The demand for suitable seis-
Jan Kvlsvold, Director for Market and side transfers of crew and supplies from a mic exploration vessels is already high and
Business Development. seismic support vessel. will continue to grow.

Technology Leadership
Well capping technology

at your service
In the wake of the Macondo incident in the Gulf of Mexico, nine oil majors
and Oil Spill Response Ltd (OSRL) have developed new well capping stack
technology. The goal is to improve the response capability for subsea
well incidents and the first capping stack is now installed in Norway.
For the first time on this scale, nine major

oil and gas companies are working togeth-
er with a leading oil spill response player
OSRL to enhance international subsea
well incident intervention capabilities. The
Subsea Well Intervention Service (SWIS)
includes well capping and dispersant
equipment for international deployment
if a subsea well control incident occurs.
OSRL will store and maintain the equip-
ment ready for mobilisation near air- and
seaports in South Africa, Singapore, Brazil
and Norway, for rapid onward transpor-
tation to the incident site by the well
operator.
The stacks can be used in a water depth
of up to 3,000 metres and control flow
pressures of up to 15,000 psi. The first sys-
Photo: SWRP
tem is now available for use by the industry
from the Stavanger base, which was inau-
gurated by Norways Petroleum & Energy The first capping stack is available for use from the Stavanger base. Other systems will be available in South
Minister Ola Borten Moe in March. Africa, Singapore and Brazil.
The system builds on established indus-
try experience and has been designed DNV qualifies Nine majors in one team
according to research into potential inci- the new technology
The Subsea Well Response Project
dent scenarios and geographic variations DNV has been engaged by SWRP to (SWRP) is a joint project from nine
in weather, ocean and oil conditions. It undertake design verification, fabrication operators; BG Group, BP, Chevron,
includes four capping stack toolboxes and surveys and witness testing of the capping ConocoPhillips, ExxonMobil, Petrobras,
two hardware kits for the subsea applica- stack system. The project has also included Shell, Statoil and Total. Their plan is to
build four well capping stacks which will
tion of dispersant at a wellhead. The stor- elements from DNVs Qualification Pro-
be placed at different strategic locations
age locations have been chosen due to cedures for New Technology. The main in the world. These are intended to be
international coverage, strong transport fabrication and testing activities have been used as contingency if an offshore well
links and effective logistics for securing carried out in Houston, but have also blowout occurs and if the rigs BOP
maximum readiness and swift mobilisation. included fabrication surveys at different has failed. This capping stack system
provides capacity to shut in the well
The intervention system is designed to suppliers in Europe.
stream or to divert the flow into a subsea
handle most subsea oil well incident sce- containment system so the hydrocarbons
narios around the world. can be collected.

A new revision of DNVs

offshore standard for Integrated
Software Dependent Systems
A new and more user-friendly version of DNVs offshore standard for Integrated
Software Dependent Systems (ISDS) has been issued. DNV is experiencing increasing
demand from the drilling market for this kind of service and has now established
a separate dedicated section in order to better serve this growing market.
Text: Eva Halvorsen, DNV
Based on continuous dialogue with own- reliability of integrated software depend-

ers, yards and suppliers, DNVs offshore ent systems is now becoming an industry
standard OS-D203 has been revised in standard for offshore drilling units. That is
order to clarify the requirements for why it has geared up to deliver high quality
assigning an ISDS class notation to an ISDS services to this industry in key loca-
offshore unit as proof of compliance with tions such as Norway and Korea.
the standard as well as to clarify the text
in general and remove known inconsisten- Early mover
cies. In addition, the standard has become DNV was the first classification society
Photo: DNV
more user-friendly. to set the safety and reliability of inte-

The following are the main improve- grated software dependent systems on the
ments in the revision: agenda. The basis for the Enhanced Sys-
It has established scope and confidence Knut Ording, manager of DNVs newly established tem Verification (ESV) class notation was
Systems and software reliability section.
levels for selected drilling and well-inter- launched in 2005 and ISDS was introduced
vention-unit systems in the standard; in 2009. The demand for these services is
The information and defined expecta- The revision means that yards, owners growing rapidly.
tions related to roles and responsibilities and suppliers may now more easily deter- Its also important to underline that all
for each involved party in an ISDS pro- mine the scope and efforts related to DNVs technology development takes place
cess have been structured and clarified; implementing ISDS, says Knut Ording, in close cooperation with our customers
The standard text has been restruc- manager of the newly established Systems and end-users, says Knut Ording.
tured to make information more easily and software reliability section. Besides,
available; the standard is now more user-friendly and
Security requirements have been its easier to find information, he says.
introduced. DNV realises that addressing the safety and

HHI changes approach to

systems and software on
semi-sub newbuilding
Hyundai Heavy Industries and Dolphin Drilling are implementing DNVs ISDS class
notation for integrated software dependent systems on the semi-sub newbuilding
drilling rig Bollsta Dolphin. Key stakeholders discuss expectations and challenges.
Text: Wendy Laursen
Mr Seong Cho, project manager at Hyun- STRUCTURED

dai Heavy Industries (HHI), admits reti- COLLABORATION
cence about taking on DNVs ISDS stand- So far, Mr Cho has found DNV to be very
ard for complex systems in the building supportive and Einar Tyssen, technical
of Dolphin Drillings new semi-sub, Bollsta director for Fred. Olsen Energy, Dolphin
Dolphin. At the beginning, some of us Drillings mother-company, agrees. They
were not very positive about this program appear very proactive and dedicated to
because we had lots of new activities to make the project a success, says Mr Tys-
perform and many documents needed to sen. Being involved in various other
be prepared, he says. But as our under- projects without ISDS, I have been very
standing grows and the more activities positive from the offset. Even though the
are progressed, the more we feel positive project is in the early phases our main
about ISDS. goal was to define a scope for the project
Photo: Nina Eirin Rangy
so that the constraints could be defined

MINIMISING ERRORS AND DELAYS and we could establish clearer interfaces
The ISDS notation establishes a methodol- between each system.
ogy that aims to minimise software inte- This will be the second project that Dol-
gration errors and delays in projects that phin Drilling has had with HHI. ISDS for
involve integrating software dependent Einar Tyssen, Technical Director, Fred.Olsen Energy the Bollsta Dolphin has provided so far, a
systems. The notation includes the devel- very good relationship between all parties,
opment of quality assurance processes that Dolphin, HHI and DNV. HHI is commit-
will last throughout the semi-subs opera- REVISED STANDARD ted in learning and developing ISDS into
tional lifetime. We are aware that the current edition of a quality assurance (QA) and integration-
Hyundai Heavy Industries is the worlds the Offshore Standard for ISDS has been a tool for the systems that they are providing
largest yard and DNV is providing the bit academic and not very well structured, for the Bollsta Dolphin.
full ISDS package including integration says Knut Ording, the Head of Section for By combining the QA efforts towards all
consulting. Mr Cho is positive about the Systems and Software Reliability in DNV key vendors and by doing extensive hard-
potential benefits. We expect a clearer and responsible for DNVs ISDS classifica- ware in the loop testing upfront of factory
interface between systems and fewer prob- tion services. In order to improve this, the acceptance tests, Tyssen aims to reduce the
lems during commissioning. OS-D203 has been revised this year based need for rectifications during commission-
All the parties, owner, yard, suppliers on inputs from owners, yards and sup- ing and testing significantly. We expect
and DNV, will have to work very closely pliers, with the aim of offering a clearer the critical systems to be operational sys-
as a team for successful implementa- scope and improved ease of use. The tems from day one after delivery and to
tion, he says. He believes change will be revised standard was launched December have a reduced risk for hidden failures
progressive. 2012, Ording continues. and thereby a reduced risk for failures on

Photo: Dolphin Drilling

The Bollsta Dolphin project a game-changer for the industry in how to design, build, install and test software systems.
safety critical systems while in operation, from previous projects with Seadrill, yard had assumed the supplier was writ-
he says. Odfjell, Total and Statoil indicates that ing the functional design specifications
Tyssen wants to treat changes in the applying the ISDS class notation can eas- for the mud system. The supplier assumed
software system in the same structured ily save USD 6-20 million by addressing the yard was writing it. ISDS assessments
manner as they handle changes on other potential problems early in a project and identified that it was not being handled.
critical components on the rig. For thereby avoiding the delays caused by the In another case, interface design activities
me ISDS is about planning things right need to re-work software. required by ISDS detected that the inter-
and facilitating structured collaboration faces for the rig data recorder were not
between all the key vendors including ISDS SUCCESS STORIES GROW being handled during design. Additionally,
the yard to ensure that when all the sys- As DNVs experience grows, so do exam- it was determined that some suppliers were
tems are installed its just plug and play. ples of ISDS success, says David Card, sen- proposing software solutions based on
Our experience from the pilot we ran on ior principal specialist, Ships and Offshore the Windows XP, no longer supported by
Borgland Dolphin is that we significantly Electrical at DNV. Most suppliers have no Microsoft.
reduced the commissioning time after structured way of making sure all software DNV hopes that the Bollsta Dolphin
installation on board. functionality has been verified, says Card. project will be a game-changer for the
DNV applies methodologies that have This is corrected with the creation of veri- industry on how to design, build, install
proven effective in the aerospace, telecom- fication strategies and traceability from and test software systems.
munications, defence and automotive requirements to verification procedures.
industries. Their experience with ISDS In an earlier project we found that the

Shale gaS
Shale gas risk management: the

importance of being trusted
The unconventional resource boom is in full swing, but public concerns
about the environmental impact of developing these resources have mired
the industry in controversy. To contribute to a solution, DNV has issued a
recommended practice (RP) for the entire lifecycle of shale gas extraction based
on risk management principles and industry best practices and standards.
Text: CATHRINE TORP, DNV
The RP is intended to form the basis for gas industry. In China, too, both custom-
the future development of a worldwide ers and media are gathering to learn more
recognised standard for safe and sustain- about DNVs risk-based approach to man-
able shale gas extraction. The RP has been aging the extraction of unconventional
presented in London, Houston and, most resources. At the inaugural meeting of the
recently, Beijing. IEA Unconventional Gas Forum, DNV was
According to Steinar Thon, DNVs invited, as one of four industry players, to
associate director who was in charge of the present how the RP compares to the IEAs
development of the RP, DNVs creation of Golden Rules.
the recommended practice grew out of the Srum hopes to spark a debate about
companys core purpose: to safeguard life, risk management between all stakeholders.
property and the environment. We could Obviously, the element of communication
Photo: DNV
see there were certain guidelines and is very important, he says. Currently, the
design standards for individual aspects of debate is very polarised both in academia
shale gas, he says. What we set out to do and between the industry and other stake-
was to develop a more complete document Steinar Thon, Associate Director, DNV holders. Having rational conversations and
to cover a wide range of risk categories. discussions based on facts is one of the
We also ensured that this recommended best risk management methods out there.
practice was in line with DNVs experience HIGH LEVEL OF INTEREST
with the oil and gas value chain. This fits The market has shown much initial inter- Collaborative
well with our vision to have a global impact est in our approach, says Lars Srum, development approach
for a safe and sustainable future. Director of Technology and Services for Thon believes some of the success is due
Controversy and polarised debate DNV Europe and North Africa. We are to the way in which the recommended
are constant themes as proponents and continuously receiving requests to speak practice has been developed. The frame-
opponents discuss the extraction of uncon- at conferences and present papers and work was developed over an 18-month
ventional resources, says Thon. Since are now established as the leading voice period, which included collaboration with
the RP combines current best practices for risk management on the subject in stakeholders as well as a review of existing
and standards in the industry with a risk- Europe. We are also getting good response practices and guidelines. Multiple organi-
based approach, it can serve as a common in North America. DNV will be presenting sations have already developed recommen-
reference point and help bridge the gap its views, services and the RP throughout dations and guidelines, but no complete
between parties with opposing views. Our the year at various conferences and to dif- risk management framework has existed.
recommended practice ensures that con- ferent regulators around the world. Although the practices are risk-based, they
tentious issues are managed in an accu- The launch of the final version of the are technology-neutral, allowing for local
rate, balanced, transparent and traceable RP in Houston in January 2013 was met differences, and are complementary to
way. with keen interest in the mature US shale existing regulations.

Shale gas
Photo: DNV
Lars Srum, Director of Technology and Services for DNV Europe and North Africa.

Shale gaS
succeed. In some countries, before a com-

pany even starts to work in the country,
it has to demonstrate to regulators that
it has identified all the risks and has the
governance needed to handle the risks. By
applying the process of independent verifi-
cation and demonstrating compliance with
recommended practices, an operator can
Photo: Chesapeake / Statoil

build trust among regulators too, Srum
explains. DNVs role as an independ-
ent third party provides a level of trust
between operators and the public. The
recommended practice encourages opera-
Abundant shale and tight gas, and oil resources have begun to transform the global energy outlook. tors to be transparent.
We hope to see a positive response
Risk-based not prescriptive from the public, he added. We want to
Thon says that many regulators aim to be able to assist the industry and alleviate
prescribe in detail how to ensure environ- Currently, the debate is very some of the publics concerns. Theres
mentally friendly and safe unconventional polarised both in academia and a fundamental lack of trust between the
resource extraction, but he believes that between the industry and other public and operators. As an independent
focusing on the key risk elements is a stakeholders. Having rational third party that has developed a set of rec-
more effective and yet safe way forward. conversations and discussions ommended practices, we have the basis for
We have in various chapters addressed based on facts is one of the best verifying that the operators are doing what
different risk categories and elements, risk management methods out they say theyre doing.
and weve offered a series of risk-mitiga-
there.
tion strategies that can be applied, he Lars Srum, Director of Technology and
Potential unconventional
explains. What we do not do is set up Services for DNV Europe and North Africa resource revolution in China
some kind of risk assessment, ranking risks Europe seems to be following on the back
against each other. This has, of course, to of the relative maturity of unconventional
be determined from site to site and project trust and confidence among the general resource developments in North America,
to project. public and other stakeholders. Companies but may develop more slowly due to its
can build confidence by implementing complex regulatory and social structures.
Transparency internationally recognised operational So will the next revolution be in China?
Openness and transparency is another best practices and industry standards to With recoverable resources of up to 36.1
issue DNV strongly believes will contribute document that their activities are being trillion cubic metres, China has the worlds
to positive developments. Unconventional executed in a safe and responsible man- largest deposits of shale gas and has set
resource operations must be monitored ner, Srum emphasises. ambitious targets for shale gas exploita-
and publicly reported. Another impor- He adds that: This recommended tion. In its 12th Five-Year Plan, China
tant factor is to establish independently practice is not meant to replace what is states it aims to produce as much as 6.5
verifiable baselines, thus establishing already there in terms of regulations and billion cubic metres of shale gas a year by
proper points of reference and consist- standards, but rather to complement 2015, which would be equivalent to 3 per
ent monitoring prior to, during and after them. Throughout the chapters, we make cent of Chinas total gas production in
operations. These baseline surveys must reference to several others standards and 2015. By 2020, China intends to produce
be openly disclosed to all stakeholders, guidelines. up to 100 billion cubic metres of shale gas.
including the general public. Chinas shale gas ambitions match our
In addition to robust governance to Social Licence to operate introduction of the RP. We believe the RP
ensure risk management, the independent In Europe, the governments of different as such will contribute to the regulation
verification of critical operations, equip- countries with unconventional resources of, and framework set-up for, the sustain-
ment and processes is an important tool require companies that want to embark able development of Chinas shale gas
for the industry. We believe that com- on exploring for these to demonstrate industry, says Stone Zhang, DNVs Direc-
panies that embrace our approach and to the authorities that they have robust tor of Operations for Oil & Gas in Greater
recommended practice will earn increased enough capabilities and competence to China.

FLNG
FLNG
an old idea comes of age
In its 2011 World Energy Outlook, the IEA asked the question Are we entering
a golden age of gas? Nothing, of course, can ever be certain but there are
very many signs pointing to a positive answer to that question.
Text: Conn Fagan, DNV
The current and projected future availabil- units (FSRUs) currently in operation, and
ity of natural gas, from both conventional our work on the most complex FPSOs in
and unconventional sources, the widening some of the most challenging locations,
demand and increasing range of applica- together with the verification and con-
tions, the focus on the need for supply sultancy work which we have performed
security and diversification, and the rela- for many years for the land-based LNG
tive environmental benefit compared to industry, enable us to continue to play an
other fossil fuels all point in the direction important role in developments in floating
of a bright future for natural gas. LNG applications.
As a means of bringing this gas to
market, transport as LNG is a flexible The current surge
Photo: DNV
solution and in many cases the only techni- In the last 10 years, we have seen FLNG
cally feasible solution in competition with concepts and technologies maturing so
pipeline transport. For offshore gas wells, that today the first construction projects
Conn Fagan, Vice President, DNV Maritime and
the option of producing this LNG at the Oil & Gas. are under way. These reflect the confi-
offshore location rather than first piping dence of investors, operators and regula-
it to shore for LNG production has now tors that the work of the past 30 years has
become a viable solution in terms of both resulted in a technology capable of being
the availability of technology and project assessments of FLNG concepts. For exam- deployed and considered as a viable field
economics. In that development, DNV has ple, an FLNG unit was originally proposed development option.
and has had a key role to play. for the Kangan field in Iran and DNV car- At the time of writing, there are two
ried out a design assessment of the Kvrn- FLNG units under construction for opera-
The History er/Moss barge-mounted liquefaction plant tion in the Asia-Pacific region, one of
DNV has had a long involvement in the design. This resulted in the development which is being built to DNV class. While
LNG industry, indeed from its very start. of the first rules and recommendations for much of the focus today is on this geo-
We have, of course, played a central role FLNG units in 1979. graphical area, with a significant number
in the marine transportation of LNG, class- We have naturally followed the develop- of FLNG units being proposed to tackle
ing a large number of the gas carriers cur- ment of FLNG concepts since then, from the planned development of Australian
rently in operation and having had a key concrete barge structures to the current gas fields, such units are currently being
role in the initial development of the main designs using ship-shaped structures which proposed as the solution for gas fields in
technologies for LNG containment. How- parallel the development of oil FPSOs. very many geographical locations, includ-
ever, our engagement in floating liquefied Our long involvement with the marine ing both North and South America,
natural gas (FLNG) units also stretches LNG industry, including with many of the East and West Africa and the Eastern
back in time to some of the earliest fleet of LNG floating storage regasification Mediterranean.

FLNG
Photo: DNV/Designimations
We foresee that FLNG units will move into similar areas as oil FPSOs and perhaps into areas where gas development may be more acceptable than oil development,
such as the Arctic region.
Many of the presently planned projects from benign environmental areas of the DNVs Offshore Technical Guidance for
Floating Liquefied Gas Terminals
are entering the pre-FEED or FEED phases world to more challenging areas. Develop-
and DNV has been involved in helping ment is likely to involve both ultra large This publication compiles the essence of more than 30
designers and project owners to ensure a scale production capacities on large float- years of DNV research into one document. It presents
safe and effective design. These projects ing units and much smaller scaled units a guideline for the design and classification of floating
involve concepts with variations in vessel capable of economically exploiting smaller installations for handling liquefied natural gas.
size, production capacity, gas composition reserves. The range will stretch from using
The guideline describes principles and procedures
and key technologies, such as liquefaction- some of the most complex floating units and provides guidance on classification requirements.
plant, containment and LNG-transfer ever built to much simpler units, perhaps It further addresses a number of technical issues
systems. To address these developments, involving barges in combination with a considered to be especially relevant for floating
DNV has developed specific Rules and storage vessel. It is anticipated that floating LNG installations. This document is intended for
guidance only and should be used together with
Guidelines for such concepts which bring units may also serve to process gas from
the relevant DNV Rules, DNV OSS 103 Rules for the
together DNVs long experience within the land wells, including both shale gas and Classification of Floating LNG/LPG Production, Storage
area. coal seam gas, given the possibility of build- and Loading Units and the associated DNV Offshore
ing such units at a reasonable cost and Standards which specifically address the relevant
The Future within a reasonable time frame compared engineering disciplines. For classification purposes,
the requirements given in the DNV Rules are to be
If the outlook for gas and LNG continues to a land-based development.
used. A prime objective is to address the risks specific
as anticipated, we foresee that FLNG units With its wide range of services and long to floating liquefied gas concepts and how they
will move into similar areas as oil FPSOs and ongoing history within the FLNG can be managed by applying offshore classification
and perhaps also into areas where gas industry, DNV aims to continue developing systematics.
development may be more acceptable than its technology and business knowledge in
Download the publication
oil development, such as the Arctic region. order to serve its clients within this exciting
More valuable information
The development of current technology business area. covering the entire LNG
relating to transfers, containment and value chain available from
processing will permit the concept to move blogs.dnv.com/lng

FLNG
DNV to class PETRONAS

FLNG Unit, expected to be
the worlds rst in operation
DNV has been awarded the contract to class PETRONAS first floating LNG unit
(PFLNG 1), destined for the Kanowit field offshore Sarawak, Malaysia.
TEXT: Per Wiggo Richardsen, DNV
The unit will be 360m long and 60m wide

and is to be moored 180km from shore.
It will produce 1.2 million tonnes a year
(mtpa) of LNG, and is expected to be the
worlds first floating liquefaction unit in
operation when completed by the end of
2015.
The scope of DNVs contract includes
the floating structure, mooring arrange-
ment and natural gas liquefaction
technology.
The floating LNG unit negates the need
for a costly or technically problematic off-
shore pipeline to transport the gas back
to a land-based liquefaction plant and
includes liquefaction technology designed
for use on a floating facility.
The ability to process and offload
LNG offshore will increase the viability
Photo: PETRONAS
of significant gas reserves in remote and
stranded fields and, beyond that, we fore-
see a number of these very high invest-
ment projects being built throughout the
world as a means of developing gas fields Producing 1.2 million tonnes a year (mtpa) of LNG, PFLNG 1 is expected to be the worlds first floating
and transporting the gas economically to liquefaction unit in operation when completed by the end of 2015.
market, says Conn Fagan, Vice President

of Floating Gas Project Business Develop- providing flexibility of supply for consum- competence around the world to support
ment at DNV. ers currently reliant on pipeline gas. This PETRONAS in this project and other
There is currently a high demand demand, coupled with the presence of customers who are entering the field.
for LNG, says Mr Fagan. It can be a large offshore gas reserves, some in remote This is cutting-edge technology for the oil
cost-effective solution for supplying the locations, has made the floating LNG pro- and gas industry and will have a dramatic
energy needs of rapidly growing cit- duction unit an interesting technical and impact on the nature of upstream business
ies such as those in Bangladesh, China, economic option. DNV is at the forefront around the world.
India, Indonesia and Vietnam, as well as of FLNG technology and we are building

ARCTIC OPERATIONS
Can Arctic risk

be managed?
Exploration for natural resources in the Arctic carries a set of
additional risk factors. It is a challenging act to balance, but
I think Arctic risks can be managed provided some principles
are followed. Collaboration and development in a stepwise
manner are key elements, says Knut rbeck-Nilssen, COO
of DNVs operations in Norway, Finland and Russia.
I agree that it is a paradox that the melt- Diversity calls for Therefore, in order to ensure safe opera-
ing ice cap opens up for more hydro- a stepwise approach tions in the Arctic, the industry will benefit
carbon extraction, but global warming Many speak about the Arctic as one place, from starting exploration in areas whose
requires global solutions. And it is a fact but it is not one homogeneous area with conditions are not so different from those
that the need for rare minerals, oil and the same set of opportunities and chal- we are used to today. Hence, we should
gas will drive the need for activities further lenges everywhere. Actually, it is a very not move to the more unexplored areas
north the coming decades. Another impor- diverse part of the world, rbeck-Nilssen before improved technology has been
tant driver is that the Arctic is actually a highlights. developed and sound experience has been
politically stable area. This strengthens its Some areas, such as the southern part gained in the easier areas. This is what we
relative position regarding safe and pre- of the Barents Sea, can be considered very refer to as a stepwise approach, he says.
dictable access to resources and transport similar to the North Sea with respect to cli-
routes in particular through the North mate conditions. But, in contrast, the east Manage the risks
East passage, explains rbeck-Nilssen. coast of Greenland is a far more remote not only consequences
Most people dont realise that much and difficult area for offshore operations. According to rbeck-Nilssen each Arctic
of the legal framework is in place as most Generally, its remoteness and harsh region has its individual set of risks and
of the undiscovered oil and gas is within environment make the Arctic a challeng- these have to be managed. But even
national jurisdictions determined by UN ing place for possible rescue operations though risk is the combination of Prob-
Resolutions, for example. Concerns about and oil spill response operations, for ability and Consequence many tend
a race to exploit these resources are instance. Since there is not one Arctic, but to focus on the consequence only and
somewhat misguided so what we are talk- many Arctics the challenges faced in one neglect the associated probability of an
ing about is harmonisation. Also, the polar area may not be an issue in others. And, accident happening. In order to have a
code issued by the International Maritime practically speaking, technologies and pro- complete risk overview, both the probabili-
Organisation will be critical to regulate cedures suitable to one area may not be ty and consequence need to be thoroughly
positively shipping and maritime activity, fit for purpose in others, rbeck-Nilssen identified and analysed. And I would like
he says. emphasises. to point out that all industrial activity

ARCTIC OPERATIONS
Photo: DNV
Knut rbeck-Nilssen, COO of DNVs operations in Norway, Finland and Russia

ARCTIC OPERATIONS
Managing Mitigating the

threats to prevent consequences of
an accident an accident
Top left and two pictures lower right: Getty Images. Top picture right side: Thinkstock/Ranieri Meloni.
Illustration: Coor Media. Photo credits: 2nd from top left: Webcast, 3rd from top left: DNV.
= Safety barriers
Managing safety barriers: Risk management means identifying, assessing, prioritising, minimising and mitigating risks. (Complex systems fail in complex ways).
involves risk. The risk can never be zero this, a thorough discussion between the The consequences of an accident in the
unless an activity is prohibited, meaning industry, regulatory bodies, authorities and Arctic are likely to be more severe than in
zero activity. especially the society at large needs to be other areas. So achieving a risk level in
done. Most probably the views will differ, the Arctic that is equivalent to the level in
Society must agree on an but transparency and openness will foster the North Sea will require a special focus
acceptable risk level understanding and mutual respect for the on reducing the probability of incidents.
Acknowledging that there will be Arctic different viewpoints. However, accidents may occur and we
activity, rbeck-Nilssen recommends that should not forget appropriate prepared-
a risk-based approach is the most appropri- Safe as the North Sea? ness to mitigate their consequences, he
ate one, since both possible probabilities The oil and gas industry has learned a lot points out.
and possible consequences are to be con- from its operations during the past few Appropriate preparedness capability is
sidered in a transparent manner. In this years. Not least major offshore accidents in some cases challenging. For instance, in
way, the risks and benefits of activities are have led to great improvements in regula- response to oil spills in ice, the best option
also balanced. tions and technologies so that risk can be today is dispersants and burning while
However, the society must determine better managed. For instance, the occupa- there is no mechanical recovery option.
the optimum balance between the risk tional risk on the Norwegian Continental rbeck-Nilssen explains that to address
and the associated benefits of activity in Shelf has improved significantly. some of the capacity challenges relating
the Arctic. Willingness to accept risk also For DNV, it is an important principle to oil spill preparedness, DNV has for
means that society can harvest the ben- that the risk level in the Arctic must be instance looked into using the fishing fleet
efits, he explains. equivalent to or better than the best with the innovative Catchy fishing vessel
But a very relevant question is what performance in the industry today. In this concept. Here the gear is adaptable to a
is acceptable risk? That means how much context it might be fair to say that the wide range of other uses, such as remotely
risk is society willing to take in order to North Sea is one of the safest continental operated vehicle operations and oil spill
harvest such benefits and, in even more shelves with respect to oil & gas activities. recovery.
practical terms: How safe is safe enough? Accident statistics indicate this to be true,
rbeck-Nilssen says that to answer rbeck-Nilssen says.

ARCTIC OPERATIONS
Photo: DNV/Magne A. Re
Given that further exploration in the Arctic will take place, DNV believes that the industry can develop ways to safely explore the Arctic region provided some guiding
principles are followed.
Deal with barriers for a holistic risk management approach standards and foster transparency of data
Complex systems fail in complex ways is which covers all relevant risk areas, from and knowledge. Further, the exploration
a clear conclusion after the 2010 Macondo environmental risks to financial and politi- should be stepwise, starting with the areas
disaster in the Gulf of Mexico. Here, many cal risks, he explains. comparable to the best-performing conti-
barriers didnt work as intended. nental shelves and then later moving into
According to rbeck-Nilssen that is why Can it be done safely? even more challenging areas. And finally,
a complex and comprehensive risk man- Given that further exploration in the Arc- any activity should follow a risk-based
agement approach needs to be applied to tic will take place, DNV believes that the approach. And all the risk elements should
control the risks. industry can develop ways to safely explore be included in order for the risk picture
Offshore oil & gas operations are the Arctic region provided some guiding to be holistic and manageable, concludes
complex and this complexity in itself rep- principles are followed. Knut rbeck-Nilssen.
resents a significant risk that needs to be It will be necessary with an extensive
managed. This makes it even more critical collaboration between stakeholders in
to have robust risk management covering order to share experience, develop tech- Read more about Arctic risks here:
all risk areas. The Arctic risk reality calls nical solutions, harmonise regulatory www.dnv.com/arctic

ARCTIC OPERATIONS
DNV and Statoil cooperate to

enhance Arctic competence
DNV and Statoil have launched a competence
programme that aims to enhance the two organisations
knowledge about particular Arctic challenges.
Due to Arctic-specific risks such as

remoteness, darkness, ice and low tem-
peratures, it is utterly important to take
a stepwise approach in which we learn
and improve from the experience gained.
Our complementary roles as operator and
risk-management expert in challenging
environments are the best reason for shar-
ing best practices and enhancing our own
expertise, says Knut rbeck-Nilssen, COO
DNV Norway, Finland and Russia.
The growing interest in the commercial
use and exploitation of Arctic resources
is driven by the high demand for energy.
To be able to meet the particular Arctic
challenges with sound knowledge and safe
technologies, Statoil and DNV launched
the Arctic Competence Escalator (ACE)
programme. This has been developed to
Photo: DNV/Graham Davies

enhance the expertise of our own special-
ists and to share and improve solutions for
specific Arctic issues.
We will implement the ACE Pro-
gramme as a joint effort because we have
similar ambitions and backgrounds and
not at least a long history of successful The ACE programme was launched to enhance the expertise of Statoil and DNV specialists and to share and
improve solutions for specific Arctic issues.
technology collaboration. Although this is
an internal programme, the aim to share highly diverse part of the world and oper- with respect for the Arctics particular
our developments with the industry, says ating in the more challenging areas, with conditions will be necessary to manage the
rbeck-Nilssen. longer distances, lower temperatures and risks in this promising but sensitive part
Statoil already has many years of expe- ice-covered waters, may require enhanced of the world, says Morten Karlsen, head
rience of Arctic offshore operations, for knowledge and solutions. I hope the ACE of Statoils Arctic Technology Research
example in the Barents Sea and at New- programme will be an important driver Programme.
foundland in Canada. But the Arctic is a in obtaining these. Deep insight matched

ARCTIC OPERATIONS
DNV launches a design

framework for floating
structures in ice
The oil and gas industry has lacked adequate and transparent design practices for floating structures
in ice-covered Arctic waters. Now, DNV and key industry players have developed an enhanced
design framework for such structures, adapted from existing and established design practices used
for open waters in other harsh areas. The approach represents a shift in Arctic design philosophy.
DNV-led joint industry project (JIP), ICES- the design of offshore floating structures
TRUCT, has since 2009 worked to develop in ice.
a designer-friendly and reliable framework The advantage of the new framework is
based on the ISO 19906 Arctic Offshore that the same design practice can be used
Structure standard. irrespective of the type of structure and
Per Olav Moslet, Arctic technology environment Arctic or open sea. That
research programme director at DNV said, the nature and variability of the ice
explains that The governing design loads and its complex interaction with structures
for offshore structures in Arctic areas need to be taken into account, Moslet
are usually based on interaction with ice, says.
and it is very important that these loads The JIP received wide industry support
and their effects are treated consistently. and sponsorship from oil companies, yards
Due to the lack of a common industry and engineering companies, including
Photo: DNV
approach for floating structures in ice, it Transocean, Shell, Statoil, ENI, Repsol,
has previously been difficult for designers SBM Offshore, Daewoo Shipbuilding
to establish the appropriate design loads Per Olav Moslet, Arctic technology research and Marine Engineering, Hyundai Heavy
effects. programme director at DNV Industries, Multiconsult, Keppel Offshore
Because of its nature, ice can gener- and Marine, Marin, Huisman Equipment
ate considerable loads, and structures and Dr. techn. Olav Olsen. In addition,
designed for Arctic operations may look This JIP developed a methodology valuable work-in-kind contribution has
different to structures in open seas. How- for determining ice load effects. Rather been provided by several key international
ever, ice loads and associated load effects than having a specific custom-made universities and companies such as Pro-
should be treated in the same way as any Arctic design practice for ice loads, the fessor Ove T. Gudmestad, Professor Karl
other environmental load when designing methodology developed is consistent with Shkhinek, Aker Arctic and the Hamburg
a structure since, in principle, an Arctic existing methods for determining other Ship Model Basin (HSVA). The project
offshore structure is no different from any environmental load effects. Consequently, ended in December 2012.
other offshore structure when it comes to the existing offshore design practice that
assessing adequate structural strength, he has been used for several decades in the
says. North Sea and elsewhere can be used for

Global DNV is a global provider of services for managing risk,
helping customers to safely and responsibly improve
presence
their business performance.
DNV is an independent foundation with
presence in more than 100 countries.

Update: DNV Enhances Offshore Class Rules

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Update: DNV Enhances Offshore Class Rules

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

new revision of FLNG Can Arctic Risk

DNVs ISDS STANDARD comes of age be managed?

oil & gas

Photo: luoman / Getty Images

Photo: Chesapeake / Statoil

To view this update in PDF format on your

New class notation for seismic vessels........................................................... 19 Online publications:

2 | oil & gas update NO. 1 2013

Time for collaboration

oil & gas update NO. 1 2013 | 3

Aasta Hansteen DNV to evaluate two dry-tree semi-submersible

4 | oil & gas update NO. 1 2013

Classification of New Chairman

oil & gas update NO. 1 2013 | 5

More control better safety

stop a threat from propagating through to share them. This requires:

6 | oil & gas update NO. 1 2013

Corrosion Hazard No ignition

Mal-operation Ignited Jet fire

Barrier decay Barrier decay

Barrier decay Barrier decay

Risk management hierarchy

Figure 1: Example of a simplified bow tie diagram

degraded. This is sometimes called the Conclusions

oil & gas update NO. 1 2013 | 7

Improper operation Failure to follow Make safety

Inadequate Make safety device Failure to

Improve Operating Enhance work Inadequate

Enhance training Goodyear

Improper Servicing Failure follow work

Failure to Inadequate pre-

Inadequate Enhance permit

Occupational Safety Performance $Billion Total loss per 5 yrs

8 | oil & gas update NO. 1 2013

Every year DNV

The following pages present six of our current

oil & gas update NO. 1 2013 | 9

Subsea forgings JIP

availability of forgings that meet all likely

increasing demands in terms of volume.

10 | oil & gas update NO. 1 2013

Elevating the industry

Michiel van der Geest

oil & gas update NO. 1 2013 | 11

Determining a more accurate

systems (such as U-shaped, M-shaped and ment of complex jumper systems

their increased flexibility (end displace- a first-of-a-kind design guideline docu-

jumper systems. These factors result in a

fatigue failure that is beyond the design

12 | oil & gas update NO. 1 2013

in the public domain. In addition, VIM

oil & gas update NO. 1 2013 | 13

14 | oil & gas update NO. 1 2013

oil & gas update NO. 1 2013 | 15

International offshore regulations and positive effect on downtime. For owners

more general requirements. The first production that meets internationally

alternative solutions. RELIABILITY; they provide assurance

that the unit meets reliability and safety

16 | oil & gas update NO. 1 2013

Photo: luoman / Getty Images

About DNV Offshore

DNV establishes basic rule requirements based

Going beyond basic class requirements.