INSERTS FOR PLASTICS

F L

τ=FxL

Cover1
 WHY INSERTS?
Inserts provide reusable threads and secure tight threaded joints.
An additional benefit is high load carrying capability.

PRESERVATION OF THE THREADED JOINT

The primary benefit for using an Insert is that it preserves the threaded joint
integrity for the life of the application. An additional benefit is the unlimited
reusable thread.

PROPER SEATING TORQUE

During the assembly process of a

mating component, the screw has
to be tightened with sufficient torque
to introduce the recommended axial Force L
tension in order to achieve the required
load between the screw and Insert
threads to prevent loosening. The
larger body diameter and body design
of the Insert allow the appropriate
installation torque to be applied to Torque
the screw. Friction Force
FxL
Plastic

Bolt
UNAFFECTED BY Axial Load
STRESS RELAXATION (Tension)

A common problem with bolted joints

in plastic applications is that plastic
is susceptible to creep or stress Insert
relaxation. Under loads well below Torque
the elastic limit, plastics will lose
their ability to maintain a load. When
this occurs, the threaded connection Torque
becomes loose. The brass thread Tension =
μ x Bolt ø
provides permanent creep resistance
μ = Coefficient of Friction ≈ 0.2
for the entire load path of the thread.

ENHANCE LOAD CARRYING

The load carrying ability of the joint is enhanced by the larger diameter of the
Insert as compared to the screw. Inserts are generally twice the diameter of
the screw and that increases the shear surface fourfold. Pull-out resistance
can further be enhanced by increased Insert length.

Cover2
 WHY SPIROL INSERTS?

TECHNICAL SUPPORT

Since SPIROL’s inception in 1948, we have lead the industry in application BROAD PRODUCT
engineering support for fastening, joining and assembly. Our Inserts are RANGE/CAPABILITY
designed to maximize and balance tensile (pull-out) and rotational torque
performance. Our Application Engineers have the technical know-how and Our leading edge production
experience to work together with our customers to develop a cost-effective technology is suitable to meet all
solution to meet the application requirements. your specific needs for both long and
short run requirements at competitive
pricing. We offer a broad range of
standard products and cost-effective
methods of producing special features.

Heat/Ultrasonic

Self Tapping

Press-In Molded-In

Expansion INSTALLATION SUPPORT

We offer installation technical support

and installation equipment. Our
standardized, time-tested, modular
designs are robust, reliable and
easily adjustable – allowing simple
customization to meet the specific
needs of an application.
QUALITY

Our comprehensive quality concept encompasses not only product quality,

but also quality of design and service. Process control, operational discipline
and continuous improvement are the foundation of our mission to exceed our
customers' expectations. We are ISO/TS16949, ISO9001 and ISO14001
certified.
LOCAL DESIGN, GLOBAL SUPPLY

SPIROL has Application Engineers throughout the world to assist you in your
designs, supported by state-of-the-art manufacturing centers and worldwide
stocking facilities to simplify the logistics of delivering your product.
1
 INSERT DESIGN
The objective is to design an Insert with sufficient torque resistance to accommodate the tightening torque
necessary to achieve sufficient axial tension load on the threaded joint to keep it together and prevent loosening,
while also achieving pull-out values necessary for the load conditions that the Insert will be exposed to while
in service.

In general, resistance to torque is a function of diameter and resistance to pull-out is a function of length. These
functions, however, are interactive and the challenge for the designer is to achieve the optimum combination
of both.

Post-Mold Installed with Heat or Ultrasonic Installation

Types of Knurls Knurls are used to increase resistance to torque. Straight knurls, as opposed
to diamond knurls, are the preferred design. Coarser knurls increase resistance
to torque but they also induce greater stress on the plastic. In addition, the
circumference of the Insert determines the knurl pitch so there are practical
limitations on knurl design. Helical knurls, in comparison to straight knurls,
Diamond Straight Helical
lower torque resistance but increase axial pull-out resistance. In practice,
knurl angles between 30 and 45 degrees have a positive impact on pull-out
resistance with a minimal loss of torque value. In some Inserts, different helical
knurl bands as well as straight and helical knurls can be combined on the same
Insert to achieve an optimum combination of torque and pull-out resistance.

Some Inserts are designed with a slightly larger diameter knurl

band between two slightly smaller diameter knurl bands on
either side separated from the larger knurl band by grooves.
With a properly designed Insert and in a hole manufactured as Finally for best performance, it is
recommended, the plastic will flow over the larger knurl band essential that the Insert is installed
into the groove and knurls behind the larger knurl band in the axially square to the hole. This can
opposite direction of installation, significantly increasing pull-out be facilitated with tapering the Insert or
resistance. All the plastic above the larger knurl band in effect by providing a pilot. Pilots need to be
becomes a shear plane. A head facilitates plastic flow into the of sufficient length and have a plain,
upper grooves of the Insert. unknurled diameter the same size or
slightly smaller than the hole.

Self-Tapping Inserts provide the best pull-out resistance for a post-mold

installed Insert. The threads are designed with a thin profile to minimize
inducing stress into the plastic and a relative coarse pitch to provide the
maximum plastic shear surface to resist pull-out.

Installation torque is not a problem in that tightening increases the friction

between the plastic and threads, and the larger diameter of the external Insert
thread increases the frictional surface. Back-out torque performance relies
totally on the greater surface area of the external Insert thread and the tension
between the threads and plastic.

Again, to facilitate installation square to the hole, a good pilot is essential.

2
 Installed Flush Expansion Inserts

Expansion Inserts are designed for non-critical applications. Ease of

installation, not torque and pull-out resistance, is the primary design
criteria. Diamond knurls are a cost-effective solution to increase friction
enhancing interference between the Insert and the hole wall.

Torque is an issue to the extent that the Insert must not spin
when the bolt is installed. The Insert diameter is designed
2 Full Threads
Minimum
slightly larger than the hole diameter and slots are provided
to reduce interference during Insertion. A generous lead-in is
provided to assure straight insertion. Installation of the screw expands the Insert
and forces the diamond knurl into the hole wall providing reasonable torque
and pull-out resistance for applications with non-demanding load requirements.

Press-In Inserts

These Inserts are designed to reduce installation cost at a sacrifice of torque

and pull-out performance.

Helical knurls are used to provide both torque and pull-out resistance
and to ensure good plastic flow as the Insert rotates into the hole.
Installation torque to achieve sufficient tension between the threads is
not a problem in that the helical knurls are designed so that the direction
of the installation torque will have the tendency to drive the Insert into the
hole — which of course is not possible — as the threaded joint is tightened.

A pilot only slightly smaller than the hole and of sufficient length is designed
to assure straight Insertion into the hole.

Molded-In Inserts

This process, although generally more costly in getting the Insert into place
than the post-mold installation process, provides the best performance.

Both length and diameter have an impact on pull-out resistance and torque.
The challenge is to find the most cost-effective solution that provides/meets
the installation torque requirements to achieve a good threaded joint, and the
pull-out values that meet the application load requirements.

A hexagonal exterior is the designer’s choice to maximize the torque resistance

Blind-ended Inserts provide an additional
alternative to prevent plastic from flowing
into the inside of the Insert.
for a given diameter. The length of the hexagonal shape of the Insert needs
to be long enough to meet the installation torque requirements for a good
threaded joint.
The length of the Insert above the hexagonal section must be sufficient to
achieve the pull-out resistance to which the Insert is subjected while in service.
The design also needs to consider material usage to provide the lowest cost
solution.

In order to facilitate installation square to the hole, the tolerance of the minor
thread diameter is reduced for a good fit between the Insert and mold guide
pins. Countersinks are designed to simplify the placing of the Insert on the pin.

3
 PLASTIC OVERVIEW
There are four main commercial categories of plastics: thermoset, thermoplastics, foam and elastomers.
The latter two have limited suitability for Insert installation and should an Insert be required, a unique analysis
is suggested. Accordingly, these categories are not covered here.

Thermoset plastics, once formed, undergo an irreversible chemical change Thermoset Plastics
and cannot be reformed using heat and pressure. These plastics are tough • Phenolic (Bakelite)
and heat-resistant. Examples are Bakelite, urea and polyester resins. Heat/ • Epoxies
Ultrasonic Inserts are not suitable for these plastics. Thermoset plastics require • Polyimide
the use of Molded-In, Press-In, Expansion or Self-Tapping Inserts. • Vulcanized Rubber

Thermoplastics are rigid and solid at normal temperatures but at elevated Molecular arrangement of
temperatures they soften and melt. Some of the more common plastics in this polymer chains
category are ABS, Nylon, PVC and Polycarbonate. Heat/Ultrasonic, as well
as other types of Inserts, are suitable for plastics in this category.

Thermoplastics are further delineated into amorphous and semi-

crystalline polymers. Amorphous polymers have a random molecular
structure that does not have a sharp melting point. Instead, amorphous
material softens gradually as temperature rises. Amorphous materials are more
sensitive to stress failure due to the presence of hydrocarbons. ABS and PVC
are common amorphous thermoplastics. Semi-crystalline polymers have a
highly ordered molecular structure. These do not soften as the temperature
rises, but rather have a defined and narrow melting point. This melting point
is generally above that of the upper range of amorphous thermoplastics. PET
and PEEK are common semi-crystalline plastics.
Amorphous
Semi-Crystalline
Thermoplastics
Amorphous polymers Semi-crystalline polymers
• Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), • Polyethelyne (PE)
Acrylic • Polypropylene (PP)
• Polystyrene (PS) • Polybutylene terephtalate (PBT)
• Polycarbonate (PC) • Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
• Polysulfone (PS) • Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
• PVC
• ABS

• Polyamide (Nylon)
This can be both amorphous and semi-crystalline based on the blending.

A wide variety of fillers and plasticizers are used to achieve the desired characteristics for the application such as
strength, stability, stiffness, conductivity, thermal properties and resistance to creep. Fillers are also used to reduce
cost. Fillers and plasticizers increase the stress sensitivity. All fillers generally increase the flow or melt point and
therefore, they impact post-mold Insert installation. The impact not only correlates to the type of filler, but also to the
percentage used.

4
 DESIGN GUIDELINES
l Holes for post-mold installed Inserts should always be deeper than the length
of the Insert. For Self-Tapping Inserts, a minimum depth of 1.2 times the Insert
length is recommended. For other Inserts, the recommended depth is the Insert
length plus two (2) Insert thread pitches. The assembly screw should never
bottom out on the hole, as jack-out would result.

l Counterbores are not recommended for any Insert types except

≥A A
Self-Tapping and Headed Inserts. Counterbores are recommended
for Self-Tapping Inserts to reduce the risk of flaking. The outside
diameter of the counterbore should be equal to or larger than the
outside diameter of the Self-Tapping Insert.
≥1.2L L L
Counterbores are also recommended for Headed Inserts so that
the top of the Insert will be flush with the surface of the plastic after
installation. The diameter of the counterbore should be 0.5mm (.02”)
to 1.3mm (.05”) larger than the head diameter of the Insert. The
minimum depth of the counterbore should
Correct Incorrect
be specified as the thickness of the head.
D
The top of the installed Insert should be
flush with the surface of the plastic part
with maximum protrusion from the host of
Top Of Insert Should Be Flush With Surface. 0.13mm (.005”).
Insert Should Never Protrude From Host Part.

l Correct hole size is critical. Larger holes decrease performance. Smaller

holes induce undesirable stresses and potential cracks in the plastic. Undersized
holes may also result in flash at the hole edge. The recommended holes need
to be reviewed if fillers are used. If the filler content is equal to or greater than
15%, it is suggested to increase the hole 0.08mm (.003”), and if the content is
equal to or greater than 35%, the suggested hole increase is 0.15mm (.006”).
For intermediate contents interpolation is suggested. Due to the great variety
of fillers and plastics and combinations thereof, consultation with SPIROL
Engineering is strongly recommended. Taper 1° Max
ØD
l Molded holes are preferred over drilled holes. The strong, Straight Hole
denser surface of the molded hole increases performance.
Core pins should be large enough to allow for shrinkage. Minimum Hole Depth / Boss Height
Insert Length + 2 Thread Pitches
For straight holes, the taper should not exceed a 1˚ included
angle. Tapered holes should have an 8˚ included angle.

l Tapered holes reduce installation time and ensure proper

alignment of the Insert to the hole. Only tapered Inserts
Minimum Boss Dia.
should be used in tapered holes. Easier release from the 2-3 Times Insert Dia.
core pin is an additional benefit.
8°
l Insert performance is affected by the plastic boss diameter and/or wall
thickness. Generally the optimum wall thickness or boss diameter is two Tapered Hole ØE

(2) to three (3) times the Insert diameter with the relative multiple decreasing
as the Insert diameter increases. The wall thickness has to be enough to
avoid bulging during installation, and for boss diameters to be strong enough Minimum Hole Depth / Boss Height
Insert Length + 2 Thread Pitches
for the recommended assembly screw installation torque. Poor knit lines will
cause failures and reduced Insert performance.

l Post-mold installed Inserts that are cold-pressed into the hole require
larger boss diameters and/or wall thickness to withstand the greater stresses
induced during installation. Installing the Inserts while the plastic is still warm Minimum Boss Dia.
from the molding process generally eliminates this need. 2-3 Times Insert Dia.

5
 l The diameter of the clearance hole in the Incorrect Correct
mating component is very important. The Insert
and not the plastic must carry the load. The hole
in the mating component must be larger than the Mating Part Hole ØH
outside diameter of the assembly screw but smaller Pilot ØP
than the pilot or face diameter of the Insert. This Host
prevents jack-out. If a larger hole in the mating
component is required for alignment purposes, a
headed Insert should be considered. Inserts should Hole In Mating Part Must Be Smaller Than Insert Pilot Diameter
be installed flush (or no more than 0.13mm (.005”) In Host To Prevent The Insert From Pulling Through The Assembly –
Known As “Jack-Out”.
above the hole).

l If the mating component is plastic,

the use of a Compression Limiter
should be considered to maintain
the preload of the threaded joint. In With Compression Limiter
order for the Compression Limiter
to work properly, it should abut the
Insert so that the Insert, and not the
plastic, carries the load. For additional
information see page 21.

Pull-Through Configuration l Insert heads provide a larger Tapered Inserts should NOT be
bearing surface and a conductive used in pull-through applications or in
surface if this is a requirement. The thin walled bosses as this will cause
Mating Part head also facilitates plastic flow cracking of the plastic.
into the upper knurls and grooves
for Heat/Ultrasonic Inserts. In high
Host load applications, locating the head
opposite the load in a pull-through
configuration warrants design
Headed Insert
consideration.

l The assembly screws for

Expansion Inserts have to be long
enough to fully penetrate the Inserts
by at least two threads to achieve full
expansion. (See illustration at top of GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
page 3.)
Material: Free-Cutting Brass
The SPIROL Application ASTM B16 UNS 36000
Engineering Center can provide EN12164 CW603N CuZn36Pb3
impartial advice relative to RoHS compliant
specifically defined requirements
based on extensive experience
in the field of Insert design and
application. Testing facilities are
available, and testing and a report
of the results is a free service
ORDER DESCRIPTION
provided to our customers.
INS (Series #) / Thread Size / Length
Examples: INS 29 / 8-32 / .321

6
 SPIROL INSERTS
SPIROL has a broad range of Inserts for post-mold installation as well as a series of Molded-In Inserts. Installation
of Inserts after molding reduces in-place cost by shortening molding time and eliminating secondary cleaning. This
method also reduces rejects and mold damage resulting from dislodged Inserts. Molded-In Inserts are placed into the
mold cavity prior to plastic injection and offer exceptional torque and pull-out resistance.

Pages 8, 9 and 10 HEAT/ULTRASONIC INSERTS are designed for post-mold installation in

thermoplastics. Heat and ultrasonic installation yield outstanding performance
results. Available in long and short variations, long for maximum torque and
pull-out resistance; short for less stringent requirements with the benefits of
lower cost and reduced installation time.

Pages 8 and 9 Series 19 and 29 are designed for straight holes using standard core pins.
The same hole diameter applies to all Inserts within these Series. Seating and
installation are facilitated with a pilot and a tapered knurl and groove design.
The Series 29 is symmetrical to eliminate the need for orientation.

Pages 8 and 9 Series 20 and 30 are headed versions using the same body style as Series
19 and 29 respectively.

Page 10 Series 14 are designed for use in tapered holes. The tapered hole facilitates
proper seating and maximizes the surface contact between the Insert and hole
wall prior to the application of heat or ultrasonic vibration.

Page 11 SELF-TAPPING INSERTS are available in Series 10 which is a Thread

Forming Insert for soft, flexible thermoplastics.

Page 12 PRESS-IN INSERTS are ideal for use in softer plastics to provide a
reusable thread which can meet the tightening torque requirements for a
threaded joint. Moderate pull-out and good torque requirements are provided
by the helical knurl which also facilitates good plastic flow. Easy and quick to
install, the Series 50 Inserts are symmetrical with generous pilots. Series 51
is the headed version which is also suitable for pull-through applications where
high pull-out force is a requirement.

Page 13 EXPANSION INSERTS provide permanent, reusable threads for light duty
applications. Insertion of the screw expands the Insert pressing the diamond
knurl surface into the hole wall. Available in Series 15 (standard), Series 16
(headed) and in Series 18 which is a Reverse Expansion Insert that offers
exceptional pull-out resistance when the screw is installed from the non-headed
end of the Insert.

Page 14 MOLDED-IN INSERTS are designed for maximum pull-out and torque
performance, and are often the Insert of choice for thermosets and engineered
plastics with a high percentage of filler. The minor thread diameter tolerance
is controlled to ensure positive positioning and perpendicularity of the Insert on
the core pin during the molding process. Series 41 is symmetrical eliminating
orientation and Series 45 is the same body style in a blind ended version.
7
 HEAT-ULTRASONIC INSERTS
STRAIGHT HOLE SERIES

Series 19 Short Series 20 Short

L L

A P H A P

DIMENSIONAL DATA
Inch Metric Equivalent
Thread Size
A A P L L T H Recommended A A P L L T H Recommended
Hole Hole
Inch Metric Short Long Short Long Diameter Short Long Short Long Diameter
+.003 +0.08

2-56 M2 .141 .143 .123 .125 .157 .018 .185 .126 3.6 3.6 3.1 3.2 4 0.4 4.7 3.2
M2.5
4-40 .182 .187 .154 .140 .226 .021 .216 .157 4.6 4.7 3.9 3.5 5.7 0.5 5.5 4
M3
6-32 M3.5 .213 .218 .185 .150 .281 .027 .247 .188 5.4 5.5 4.7 3.8 7.1 0.7 6.3 4.75
8-32 M4 .246 .251 .218 .185 .321 .033 .278 .221 6.2 6.4 5.5 4.7 8.1 0.8 7.1 5.6
10-24
M5 .277 .282 .249 .250 .375 .040 .310 .252 7 7.2 6.3 6.3 9.5 1 7.9 6.4
10-32
1/4-20 M6 .340 .345 .312 .312 .500 .050 .372 .315 8.6 8.8 7.9 7.9 12.7 1.3 9.4 8
5/16-18 M8 — .407 .374 — .500 .050 .435 .377 — 10.3 9.5 — 12.7 1.3 11 9.55

Series 19 Long Series 20 Long

L L

A P H A P

8
 HEAT-ULTRASONIC INSERTS
STRAIGHT HOLE SERIES

Series 29 Short Series 29 Long

L L

A P A P

DIMENSIONAL DATA
Inch Metric Equivalent
Thread Size
A P L L T H Recommended A P L L T H Recommended
Hole Hole
Inch Metric Short Long Diameter Short Long Diameter
+.003 +0.08

2-56 M2 .143 .123 .125 .157 .018 .185 .126 3.6 3.1 3.2 4 0.4 4.7 3.2
M2.5
4-40 .187 .154 .140 .226 .021 .216 .157 4.7 3.9 3.5 5.7 0.5 5.5 4
M3
6-32 M3.5 .218 .185 .150 .281 .027 .247 .188 5.5 4.7 3.8 7.1 0.7 6.3 4.75
8-32 M4 .251 .218 .185 .321 .033 .278 .221 6.4 5.5 4.7 8.1 0.8 7.1 5.6
10-24
M5 .282 .249 .250 .375 .040 .310 .252 7.2 6.3 6.3 9.5 1 7.9 6.4
10-32
1/4-20 M6 .345 .312 .312 .500 .050 .372 .315 8.8 7.9 7.9 12.7 1.3 9.4 8
5/16-18 M8 .407 .374 — .500 .050 .435 .377 10.3 9.5 — 12.7 1.3 11 9.55

Series 30 Short Series 30 Long

L L

H P A H P A

T T

9
 HEAT-ULTRASONIC INSERTS
TAPERED HOLE SERIES

Series 14 Short Series 14 Long

L L

A P 8˚ E DA P 8˚ E D

L + 2 Thread
Pitches

DIMENSIONAL DATA
Short Long
Thread Size Inch Metric Equivalent Inch Metric Equivalent
A P L D E A P L D E A P L D E A P L D E
Inch Metric +.002 +.002 +0.05 +0.05 +.002 +.002 +0.05 +0.05

2-56 M2 .141 .119 .115 .117 .122 3.6 3.0 2.9 2.95 3.1 .141 .112 .188 .106 .122 3.6 2.8 4.8 2.7 3.1
4-40 M2.5 .174 .156 .135 .152 .158 4.4 4.0 3.4 3.85 4.0 .174 .146 .219 .140 .158 4.4 3.7 5.6 3.55 4.0
M3
6-32 .221 .203 .150 .198 .205 5.6 5.1 3.8 5.05 5.2 .221 .190 .250 .184 .205 5.6 4.8 6.4 4.65 5.2
M3.5
8-32 M4 .249 .230 .185 .225 .233 6.3 5.8 4.7 5.7 5.9 .249 .213 .312 .207 .233 6.3 5.4 7.9 5.25 5.9
10-24
– .297 .272 .225 .266 .276 – – – – – .297 .251 .375 .245 .276 – – – – –
10-32
– M5 .330 .309 .265 .302 .314 8.4 7.8 6.7 7.65 7.95 .330 .283 .438 .277 .314 8.4 7.2 11.1 7.05 7.95
1/4-20 M6 .378 .356 .300 .348 .362 9.6 9.0 7.6 8.85 9.2 .378 .326 .500 .320 .362 9.6 8.3 12.7 8.15 9.2
5/16-18 M8 – – – – – – – – – – .469 .406 .562 .400 .447 11.9 10.3 14.3 10.15 11.35

10
 SELF-TAPPING INSERTS

Reduced thread profile and coarse pitch minimizes radial stress and potential
hole wall damage. The coarse thread also maximizes the pull-out strength of
these Self-Tapping Inserts.

Series 10
Thread Forming

≥A
L

≥1.2L

DIMENSIONAL DATA
Inch Metric Equivalent
Thread Size
A L D A L D
Inch Metric +.003 +0.08

4-40 M3 .188 .250 .169 4.8 6.3 4.3

6-32 M3.5 .219 .281 .199 5.6 7.1 5.05
8-32 M4 .250 .312 .228 6.3 7.9 5.8
10-24
M5 .281 .375 .250 7.1 9.5 6.35
10-32
1/4-20 M6 .344 .438 .312 8.7 11.1 7.9

11
 PRESS-IN INSERTS

Series 50 Series 51

L L
T

A P H P A

DIMENSIONAL DATA
Inch Metric Equivalent
Thread Size
A P L T H Recommended A P L T H Recommended
Hole Diameter Hole Diameter
Inch Metric +.003 +0.08

2-56 M2 .134 .121 .125 .018 .185 .124 3.4 3.1 3.2 0.4 4.7 3.15
M2.5
4-40 .165 .152 .140 .021 .216 .155 4.2 3.9 3.5 0.5 5.5 3.95
M3
6-32 M3.5 .196 .183 .150 .027 .247 .186 5 4.6 3.8 0.7 6.3 4.7
8-32 M4 .227 .214 .185 .033 .278 .217 5.8 5.4 4.7 0.8 7.1 5.5
10-24
M5 .259 .246 .250 .040 .310 .249 6.6 6.2 6.3 1 7.9 6.3
10-32
1/4-20 M6 .321 .308 .312 .050 .372 .311 8.1 7.8 7.9 1.3 9.4 7.9
5/16-18 M8 .384 .371 .375 .050 .435 .374 9.7 9.4 9.5 1.3 11 9.5

12
 EXPANSION INSERTS

Series 15 Series 16 Series 18

Standard Headed Reverse Expansion

L L L

A H A A H

T T

DIMENSIONAL DATA
Inch Metric Equivalent
Thread Size
A L T H Recommended A L T H Recommended
Hole Diameter Hole Diameter
Inch Metric +.003 +0.08

4-40 M3 .166 .188 .022 .218 .156 4.2 4.8 0.5 5.5 3.95
6-32 M3.5 .199 .250 .028 .250 .188 5 6.3 0.7 6.3 4.75
8-32 M4 .230 .313 .035 .281 .219 5.8 7.9 0.9 7.1 5.55
10-24
M5 .262 .375 .043 .312 .250 6.6 9.5 1.1 7.9 6.35
10-32
1/4-20 M6 .326 .500 .050 .375 .313 8.3 12.7 1.3 9.5 7.95
5/16-18 M8 .389 .563 .050 .437 .375 9.9 14.3 1.3 11.1 9.5

13
 MOLDED-IN INSERTS

Series 41 Series 45
Through Hole Blind End

F F L L L L

A A H HA A H H

DIMENSIONAL DATA - Series 41

Inch Metric Equivalent
Thread F H A L Thread F H A L
Size Max. Size Max.
4-40 .188 .173 .221 .147 M3 4.8 4.4 5.6 3.7
6-32 .250 .235 .292 .234 M3.5 6.3 6 7.4 5.9
8-32 .281 .266 .328 .234 M4 7.1 6.7 8.3 5.9
10-24
.344 .317 .401 .328 M5 8.7 8 10.2 8.3
10-32
1/4-20 .375 .360 .433 .378 M6 9.4 9.1 10 9.6
5/16-18 .500 .475 .569 .425 M8 12.4 12.1 14.4 10.8
3/8-16 .625 .610 .714 .500 M10 15.5 15.2 18.1 12.7

DIMENSIONAL DATA - Series 45

Inch Metric Equivalent
Thread F H A L Minimum # of Thread F H A L Minimum # of
Size Max. Engaged Threads Size Max. Engaged Threads
4-40 .188 .173 .221 .265 5.5 M3 4.8 4.4 5.6 6.7 7
6-32 .250 .235 .292 .313 5 M3.5 6.3 6 7.4 7.9 7
8-32 .281 .266 .328 .344 6 M4 7.1 6.7 8.3 8.7 6
10-24 5
.344 .328 .401 .406 M5 8.7 8.3 10.2 10.3 7
10-32 7
1/4-20 .375 .360 .433 .485 5.5 M6 9.4 9.1 10 12.3 7
5/16-18 .500 .475 .569 .578 6 M8 12.4 12.1 14.4 14.7 7
3/8-16 .625 .600 .714 .671 6.5 M10 15.5 15.2 18.1 17 7

14
SPECIAL INSERTS AND
MACHINED PRODUCTS

SPIROL’s Design Engineers assist customers to identify the best standard

Insert to meet the installation and application performance requirements. At
your request, documented performance tests and installation criteria can be
provided. If a special Insert for cost, installation or performance requirements
is a better solution, SPIROL will design and produce a special for either low-
or high-volume applications.

Examples of special offerings:

• Threaded studs
• Special knurl configurations and external features for unique
installation and performance requirements
• Special materials:
300 Series Austenitic Stainless Steel
12L14 Steel
Aluminum
• Special plating requirements:
Nickel Plate
Zinc Plate
Black Zinc Plate
• Cross-drilled holes
• Special internal threads and hole dimensions
• Tighter than standard tolerances
• Unique diameter and length combinations
• Special designs for non-traditional plastics

15
 INSERTS TESTING &
PERFORMANCE
Testing Methods and Terminology

Spacer

TENSILE (PULL-OUT) STRENGTH ROTATIONAL TORQUE ROTATIONAL & TENSILE APPLIED

OPPOSITE HEADED END
The axial force required to pull the The rotational force required to (PULL-THROUGH)
Insert out of the plastic material. This rotate the Insert in the plastic material.
test is performed using a qualified In practice, the friction between the This is recommended for high tensile
tensile testing machine. A load screw head and mating component load applications. Appropriate
curve is recommended for analysis comes into play providing an additional consideration has to be given to
purposes. safety factor. A calibrated torque friction between the screw head and
wrench can be used for this test. mating part.
Performance
The following factors impact Insert performance: SPIROL Inserts are designed to
maximize and balance tensile (pull-
• Insert type, design within type and quality of Insert features, out) and rotational torque performance.
• Plastic specifications, Attention to knurl and thread quality
• Design and quality of the plastic components including further enhances performance.
hole tolerance consistency, and Quality Control assures the
• The installation process and quality thereof. consistency of performance.

Thread Size INS 19 Short INS 19 Long INS 29 Short INS 29 Long
Tensile Torque Tensile Torque Tensile Torque Tensile Torque
lbs. in-lbs. lbs. in-lbs. lbs. in-lbs. lbs. in-lbs.
Unified Metric (N) (N-m) (N) (N-m) (N) (N-m) (N) (N-m)

100 4 150 5 125 4 175 5

2-56 M2 (445) (0.4) (665) (0.5) (555) (0.4) (780) (0.5)

M2.5 175 14 325 28 225 14 425 28

4-40 (780) (1.5) (1,445) (3) (1,000) (1.5) (1,890) (3)
M3
275 30 500 55 325 30 625 55
6-32 M3.5 (1,220) (3.5) (2,220) (6) (1,445) (3.5) (2,780) (6)
375 53 650 80 446 62 850 90
8-32 M4
(1,670) (6) (2,900) (9) (2,000) (7) (3,800) (10)

10-24 550 90 850 125 650 100 1,100 135

M5
10-32 (2,450) (10) (3,800) (14) (2,900) (11) (4,900) (15)

750 140 1,050 185 900 150 1,400 200

1/4-20 M6
(3,350) (16) (4,650) (21) (4,000) (17) (6,200) (23)
900 250 1,300 290 1,200 250 1,800 310
5/16-18 M8
(4,000) (28) (5,800) (33) (5,350) (28) (8,000) (35)

16
 Thread Size INS 14 Short INS 14 Long
Tensile Torque Tensile Torque
lbs. in-lbs. lbs. in-lbs.
Unified Metric (N) (N-m) (N) (N-m)
50 3 125 9
2-56 M2 (220) (0.3) (560) (1)
The variety of plastic materials 175 18 300 27
4-40 M2.5 (780) (2) (1,330) (3)
and fillers and the complexity
of component design makes M3 225 27 450 35
it impossible to provide Insert 6-32 (1,000) (3) (2,000) (4)
M3.5
performance data which can be
300 30 575 45
applied to specific applications. The 8-32 M4 (1,350) (3.5) (2,550) (5)
data provided herein should only
be used as a general comparative 10-24 450 45 750 70
—
10-32 (2,000) (5) (3,330) (8)
guide.
550 88 950 135
— M5 (2,450) (10) (4,200) (15)
850 140 1,300 220
1/4-20 M6 (3,800) (16) (5,800) (25)
1,200 265 2,000 355
5/16-18 M8
(5,350) (30) (8,900) (40)

The correct installation settings are critical to Heat/Ultrasonic Insert

performance. The tapping process for Self-Tapping Inserts has to be set to
avoid hole reaming. Improper installation can have devastating effects on
performance.

Thread Size INS 10 Thread Size INS 15 INS 50

Tensile Tensile Torque Tensile Torque
lbs. lbs. in-lbs. lbs. in-lbs.
Unified Metric (N)
Unified Metric (N) (N-m) (N) (N-m)
600 30 18 75 18
4-40 M3 (2,650) 4-40 M3 (130) (2) (330) (2)
900 55 27 90 27
6-32 M3.5 (4,000) 6-32 M3.5 (240) (3) (400) (3)
1,225 100 45 115 50
8-32 M4 (5,500) 8-32 M4 (450) (5) (500) (5.5)

10-24 1,700 10-24 175 70 150 75

M5 (7,500) M5 (775) (8) (675) (8.5)
10-32 10-32
2,250 250 125 180 135
1/4-20 M6 (10,000) 1/4-20 M6 (1,100) (14) (800) (15)
2,800 325 220 225 230
5/16-18 M8 (12,500) 5/16-18 M8 (1,450) (25) (1,000) (26)

SPIROL has extensive historic performance data on which to base an

initial recommendation. It is, however, SPIROL's preference to test the Insert
in your application and determine the installation criteria that will yield the best
performance. You will receive a written report. We suggest consultation at the
earliest stages in product development.

NOTES:
• All of the Inserts were installed into drilled holes in Nylon 6/6 with no filler material.
• The INS 10’s were threaded into the holes, and the INS 15’s and INS 50’s were pressed into the holes.
All of the other Inserts were heat installed.
• The performance of the headed versions of any Insert will be the same or slightly better than the non-headed versions.
17
 POST-MOLD INSERT
INSTALLATION

HEAT INSTALLATION
Heat installation is a highly versatile method to install Inserts into
thermoplastics with only temperature and pressure as variables. Care
has to be taken to assure that the heated Insert softens and not melts
the plastic. This will avoid flash and keep the Insert in place as the
plastic re-solidifies. A piloted tip should be used to guide the Insert
during installation and extended tips provide access to recessed holes. The
Insert should be installed flush with the surface, and this is usually accomplished
with a positive stop.

Fixturing is simple when installing with heat; the sole purpose being positioning
the hole under the installation tip. Rigidity is not an issue. The radial stresses
are minimal. This makes heat insertion ideal for thin walls or components
which are difficult to fixture with the rigidity required for ultrasonic
installation. Since only a low insertion pressure is used and there is no
vibration, the contact area between the driver and Insert is not critical, making
this process ideal for symmetrical Inserts with small bearing surfaces.

There are two methods of applying heat to the Insert: 1) with a heat tip that
transfers heat to an Insert which has been manually placed into the hole, Model HA
and 2) with a pre-heat chamber which heats the Insert to the appropriate
temperature and the installation is with a non-heated quill. The latter method
is utilized in the SPIROL Model HA Automatic Heat Insert Driver. Since the
Insert cools during installation, this method is not suitable for plastics with a
high filler content. The pressure and temperature settings for these machines
are programmed into the controller, and these drivers are set up for a specific
Insert/plastic combination.

The heated tip method is employed in the SPIROL Model HP pneumatic

and Model PH platen multi-tip heat Insert drivers. Here, it is recommended
to start with a temperature 10˚C (50˚F) above the initial softening temperature
for the plastic in question. For plastics with fillers, this initial differential should
be 65˚C (150˚F). Pressure is Insert-size dependent and should be as low as
possible in the 0.03 to 0.10 MPa (5 to 15 PSI) range. The pressure should be
just enough to push the Insert into the hole as the plastic melts.

The process of determining the right

temperature/pressure combination Model PH
Model HP is not complex, but it takes some
experimentation. It is suggested
that an installed Insert be sectioned
through its center line, and that the
Insert halves then be removed from
the plastic material. The plastic
material should then reveal a negative
image of the Insert profile. This
defines the correct settings and
assures optimum performance.

We also offer the SPIROL Model HM

manual insertion press.

Model HM
18
PRESS-IN INSERT INSTALLATION
This is the easiest installation method. Place the Insert pilot into
the hole and use a hammer or arbor press to seat it. A piloted,
extended punch can be used for recessed locations. In high volume
applications, an automatic Insert Driver such as a SPIROL Model
PR or Model CR can be used to feed the Inserts into position and press
them into place. Series 50 Inserts are symmetrical, and Series 51 can be
Model CR
easily oriented.

EXPANSION INSERT INSTALLATION

When the Insert is pressed into the hole, the slots allow the Insert to
compress into position. The insertion pressure is low and it can be
easily pressed into position with the methods suitable for Press-In
Inserts. Once in place, the Insert is expanded by the assembly screw.
The screw should project from the bottom of the Insert at least two A bench press with a
threads to assure full expansion. simple ram for Press-In
and Expansion Insert
installation
ULTRASONIC INSERT INSTALLATION
Ultrasonic installation is a very effective—but complex—method of installing Inserts.
The effective application of this technology requires expertise to assure consistent
quality. The variables are amplitude, down speed, pressure and weld time. A special
hardened steel or carbide-faced horn is required to minimize wear.

The Insert is placed into the hole and the horn of the ultrasonic inserter
is pressed down on the Insert. The horn transmits ultrasonic vibration
to the Insert and the friction from the vibration of the Insert melts a thin
film of plastic to the metal-plastic interface. Pressure from the horn
forces the Insert into the hole. When the horn is removed, the melted
plastic next to the Insert solidifies. The Inserts should be installed flush with
the surface. The horn travel needs to be limited either mechanically or with
switches.

Fixturing of the plastic component is very important when ultrasonically

installing an Insert. It has to be held rigid to get the desired vibration between
the Insert and the plastic. 20% of the Insert area should be in contact with
the plastic prior to the application of vibration and pressure. A tapered hole
combined with a tapered Insert facilitates a sufficient contact
area. A pre-trigger switch is recommended to prevent cold- As a general guideline, the preferred
pressing the Insert into place. A large contact area between parameter for the ultrasonic
the horn and Insert is also desirable. Insert installation process can be
summarized as follows:
The ultrasonic method is limited to thermoplastics
and is particularly suitable for amorphous polymers • Low to medium amplitude
which have a broad softening temperature range. • Low to medium pressure
This allows the plastic material to soften gradually, • Pre-trigger
thus tolerating a wide range of pressure/amplitude combinations. Semi- • Slow-down speed
crystalline polymers have a sharp, comparatively higher melting point and • Minimum weld time
resolidify rapidly. This requires more energy, i.e. a higher amplitude, and • Hardened horn
special consideration to the variable settings. • Rigid fixturing
19
 SELF-TAPPING INSERT INSTALLATION
Since the Insert is driven by its internal thread, a different driving stud
is required for each Insert size. For applications in recessed areas or
close to walls, an extension driver is the solution. The Insert is threaded
onto the driver by hand and the manual press is brought down to line
the Insert up with the hole. The plastic component should be located
against a stop to prevent rotation during installation, or fixtured to prevent
rotation as well as to ensure consistent alignment of the hole. After the Insert
is seated, releasing the pressure automatically reverses and raises the driver. Model TA
The depth of installation is controlled by a stop on the manual press such as
the SPIROL Model TM Manual Self-Tapping Insert Driver. The Insert should
always be installed flush or slightly below the surface.
If multiple Insert locations are required,
a Radial Arm Driver can be used. It
is important that whatever is used
provides rigidity to assure straight
axial insertion of the Insert into the
hole.

Model TM Radial Arm The SPIROL Model TA Automatic

Driver Self-Tapping Insert Driver eliminates
the need to manually place Inserts.
The Inserts are automatically fed
to and fixed onto the driving stud
while the operator unloads the
assembled component and loads a
new component. The sequence of
this cycle is shown below.

Model TA Insert installation sequence

Advance Start Finish Unscrew, Retract Shuttle

Threading Threading Shuttle Back Forward
20
 COMPRESSION LIMITERS
In applications where the mating component is also plastic, a Compression SPIROL offers three different styles
Limiter is necessary to avoid the creep or stress relaxation in the mating of standard Compression Limiters
component from reducing the frictional load in the threaded joint. enabling the most cost effective
component to be chosen for each
Similar to Inserts, Compression Limiters are particular assembly depending on
used to ensure bolted joint integrity in plastic performance requirements and
assemblies. As the bolt is tightened to achieve installation method.
the required friction between threads, the
plastic is compressed. The Compression
Limiter absorbs the force generated during
tightening of the bolt, and isolates the plastic
from excessive compressive loads. Without
the Compression Limiter, plastic will creep
resulting in the loosening and eventual failure
Series CL200, CL250 and CL350
of the joint. The Compression Limiter ensures
that the joint remains intact throughout the life
of the product.

It is essential for the Compression Limiter to

be in contact with the Insert and the condition
described in the first paragraph on page 6
needs to be avoided. The Insert – and not
the plastic – must carry the load. A jack-out
condition is not acceptable.
Series CL500

Series CL600 and CL601

Proper configuration Jack-out Plastic creep

Headed Inserts – SPIROL Series 16, 20, 30 and 51
are designed to increase the contact surface for the
Compression Limiters. In addition, SPIROL Series 14,
19, 41 and 45 generally have adequate surface area. In
any event, at the design stage proper contact needs to
be evaluated.
In applications using multiple Inserts where misalignment
needs to be accommodated, the standard solution is to
increase the clearance between the internal diameter
of the Compression Limiter and the external diameter of
the assembly screw. This obviously has the potential of
the Compression Limiter not aligning satisfactorily with
the Insert. In these situations a Headed Insert is always
recommended. Consideration can also be given to
increasing the wall thickness of the Compression Limiter.
If the pilot diameter of the Insert being used is too small
for the inside diameter of the Compression Limiter, then
a special Compression Limiter with reduced clearance
between the assembly screw may resolve the problem.
This of course also reduces permissible misalignment.
If the surface area of the Insert is inadequate for proper
contact with the Compression Limiter, then the only solution
is using a plastic in the mating component which has
good anti-creep characteristics and using a Compression
Limiter with maximum wall thickness for better distribution
of the load. Jack-out in these situations will be a concern
and needs to be addressed by avoiding over-torquing the
assembly screw.

21
 Innovative fastening solutions. Technical Centers
Lower assembly costs. Americas SPIROL International Corporation
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Tel. +1 860 774 8571
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Disc Springs Barcelona, Spain
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Sokola Tůmy 743/16
Ostrava-Mariánské Hory 70900
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Tel/Fax. +420 417 537 979
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Technology ul. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 7E / 2
Pin Installation Parts Feeding 56-400, Oleśnica, Poland
Technology Technology Tel. +48 71 399 44 55
Asia SPIROL Asia Headquarters
Please refer to www.SPIROL.com for the most current specifications and standard offering. Pacific 1st Floor, Building 22, Plot D9, District D
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