Lec. 6 (Tues.

28-2-2012)
Slides 48:160
Mechanical design:
1
Reciprocating compressors
Piston Disadvantage of dry type
Cylinder reducing the rate of heat rejection
Valves to the jacket water

Liners provide renewable Hollow pistons can be used but may

surface for the wearing portion of
the cylinder.
Cooling water : ways of water
Air: fins small, special
purpose machines
Most common material used in cylinder
construction is cast iron (for larger,
low pressure cylinders) and steel for
smaller, high pressure cylinders.
For hydrocarbon service, steel is
desirable.
On larger cylinders there is normally
enough space for clearance pockets.
pose a hazard
Piton rod is made of alloy steel.
Rod loading must be kept within the
limits set by the compressor vender
because overloading can cause excess
run out of the rod resulting in
premature packing wear .this leads to
leakage, reduced efficiency and
increased maintenance expense.
In unloaded or part load operation, rod
reversals must be of sufficient
magnitude to provide lubrication to
crosshead bearings.
Purpose of the rod to pressure-balance
the piston.

Distance piece separable housing

Liners are made of cast iron.
connects the cylinder to the frame.

Single open
liners
Dry type Wet type Double closed
Most common Designed for
Shrunk type jacket water Extra long
Pressed sleeve circulation
within the immediately
original bore behind the The purpose of the longer distance
liner piece is to isolate that part of the rod
entering the crankcase and receiving

Compressors
 Lec. 6 (Tues. 28-2-2012)
Slides 48:160
lubrication from the part entering the
cylinder and contacting the gas. 2
Multiple pockets:
Compartment in the distance piece
collect and control packing leakage
when the gas is toxic or flammable.

Lubrication pages (31:36)

Cooling pages (37:39)

Capacity control: Gas piping pages (44:45)

Reduce volumetric capacity

1. Start and stop control

2. Constant speed control
Valve unloaders Alarms:
Clearance pockets Suction pressure variation
External bypassing Discharge pressure variation
Inlet temperature
Composition changes

Valve unloaders hold the inlet valves

open during the compression stroke
Features can endanger compressors
operation:
1. High discharge temperature
2. Low discharge pressure
3. Low frame oil pressure
4. High frame oil temperature
5. Low frame oil flow
6. Excessive vibratrion
7. High interstage temperature
Using clearance pockets cylinder
capacity can be lowered.

Compressors