Rates and energy

How fast?
What do we mean by the rate of a chemical reaction?
Why is understanding the rate of reactions so important in industry?

Make notes on the three practicals set out in this topic

Write out the equation for the rate of reaction

Collision theory and surface area

What must happen before two particles have a chance of reaction?

Particles must have a minimum amount of energy to be able to react. What is this energy called?

Which has the larger surface area a log or the same mass of small pieces of wood?

How does the surface area of a solid affect its rate of reaction?

The effect of temperature

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How does an increase in temperature increase the rate of reaction?

How much does a 10oC rise in temperature increase reaction rate at room temperature?

Summarise the practical the effect of temperature on rate of reaction. What happens to the
time it takes the solution to go cloudy as the temperature increases?

The effect of concentration or pressure

Why does increasing concentration or pressure increase reaction rate?

How do we investigate the effect of concentration on rate of reaction?

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Which line on the graph above shows the fastest reaction? How can you tell?

The effect of catalysts

Apart from using a catalyst, how can we speed up a reaction?

How is a catalyst affected by a chemical reaction?

Why is a catalyst in the form of pellets more effective than a whole lump of the catalyst?

Summarise a practical used to investigate catalysis

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Catalysts in action
Why do catalysts save a chemical company money?

Why could it be unsafe to use compounds of transition metals to catalyse reactions to make
drugs?

Exothermic and endothermic reactions

What do we call a reaction that releases energy to its surrounding?

What do we call a reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings?

Give two examples of exothermic reactions?

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Give an example of an endothermic reaction

Energy and reversible reactions

How does the energy change for a reversible reaction in one direction compare with the energy
change for the reaction in the opposite direction?

Define the term anhydrous

What can anhydrous copper sulfate be used to test for?

Why does blue cobalt chloride turn pink if left out in the open air?

When water is added to blue cobalt chloride is energy released or absorbed?

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Using energy transfers from reactions
Common salt is used as a catalyst in some disposable hand warmers. What does this mean?

Which solid is usually used in the base of self-heating coffee cans?