Heriot-Watt University

Petroleum Engineering

Laboratory Report

Name Abutalib Allahverdiyev

Group Number NM-1(2)

Experiment Title Efficiency of the centrifugal pump

Date of 06.03.2015
Experiment

Demonstrator Elmeddin Aliyev

Supervisor Fuad Veliyev

Contents
Summary/Abstract...................................................................................................... 3
Introduction................................................................................................................ 3
Theory........................................................................................................................ 4
Equipment and Procedure.......................................................................................... 6
Petroleum Engineering Laboratory Report
Discussion of the Result............................................................................................. 9
Conclusion................................................................................................................ 10
Reference................................................................................................................. 10
Bibliography............................................................................................................. 11
Appendix.................................................................................................................. 11

Summary/Abstract
The experiment was carried out to record the pump characteristics of a centrifugal
pump. The main objective of the report is to determine the hydraulic power and
calculate the efficiency of the centrifugal pump. Furthermore, the equations for
calculating the required results are given in the Theory. Equipment which is used
during the experiment is also given and clearly described with pictures. The procedure
of experiment is presented with special details. In Experimental Details and Results

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section the data which is collected during the experiment is provided. After that the
obtained results and the difference from theoretical results is discussed. At the end of
report external links and bibliography for writing this report is given. In appendix, the
calculations for one trial are also given.

Introduction
The most common equipment used in industry to transport fluid through pipes is the
centrifugal pump. The centrifugal pump is applicable to circumstances requiring
moderate to high flow rates and measured increases in pump head or intake pressure.
There are several usages of centrifugal pump in industry such as, water supply
systems, circulating water heating and cooling systems for apartments, dishwashers
and cloth washing machines, and automobile engine. If the flow needs high pressure
and to be slow, the positive displacement pumps are recommended rather than
centrifugal pumps. Because the pressure rise plays a negligible role in the processing of
positive displacement pumps.

As the flow of fluid through pump cannot be predicted, some experiments are carried
out to comprehend the flow characteristics. In order to accomplish the given task two
pump curves are sketched.

During the experiment pump characteristic curve will be recorded at constant pump
speed. This will be carried out by measuring intake and delivery pressure and
determining the flow rate of fluid. Also, pump characteristic curves for different speeds
will be noted. Additionally, power and efficiency curves will be sketched by measuring
the electrical drive power, and determining the hydraulic power, and the efficiency of
centrifugal pump.

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Theory
The determining of the pump efficiency is the main objective of this report. In order to
accomplish the aim of the report input power of the drive motor and the hydraulic output
power of the pump are required.

Motor Input-Power:

The asynchronous motor input-power is obtained from the frequency converter and

Ped
presented on the digital display:

Hydraulic Pump Output Power:

The output power of the hydraulic pump is evaluated using the below formula:

Phyd =V H g

Where,

-density of water, (998 kg/m3)

g-the gravitational acceleration,(9.81 m/s 2 )

V - is a volumetric flow rate.

H- pump delivery head

V
V =
The volumetric flow rate is calculated as: t

Delivery head of pump:

The equation which is used to find the delivery head of pump is shown below:

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Petroleum Engineering Laboratory Report
PdsPis c 2ds c 2is
H= + y+
g 2g

Where,

y-is the height difference of the two manometers, and in this case it is equal to 0.18 m.

cds and cis cancel each other. Because the cross sectional area of the suction and
pressure connections are the same.

So the final equation of delivery pump is :

PdsPis
H= +0.18
g

Pump efficiency:

Lastly, the pump efficient is calculated with the help of hydraulic pump power and the

m =0.92
asynchronous motor power. The motor efficiency is 0.92 ( , the technical

specification of pump). The pump efficiency:

P hyd
P=
Ped m

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Equipment and Procedure

Figure 1: HM 150.04 with composite parts

Pos Designation Pos Designation

. .
1 Asynchronous motor 8 Alteration switch of digital display
2 Rear panel 9 On-off switch for Centrifugal pump
3 Ball valve 10 Potentiometer for speed
4 Manometer, delivery side 11 Master switch
5 Manometer, intake side 12 Emergency- off switch
6 Display of switch position 13 Centrifugal pump
7 Digital display 14 Frame
Table 1: Parts of HM150.04

The structure of module is made of anti-corrosion materials. However, the pipes and
stop valves are made of plastic. The centrifugal pump is driven by asynchronous motor
(1). With the help of frequency converter the speed of pump is controlled. The power
and speed of pump can be read from the digital display (7). The alternation switch is
used to change display from one variable to another. The function of manometers is to

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determine the pressure on the suction and discharge side (4, 5). The volumetric tank of
HM 150 is used to measure the volumetric and mass flow rate.

Figure 2: The bottom of apparatus

Pos Designation Pos Designation

. .
15 Storage tank 19 Quick fit
16 Drain 20 Ball valve
17 Hose connection 21 Water supply connection with cap
18 Diverting cap
Table 2: Bottom parts of HM150.04

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Before carrying out the experiment some ambient conditions are needed to be set. For
example, the procedure is performed in a closed room. The whole system is freed from
dirt and moisture. Lastly, the apparatus must be set in a fixed table.

Procedure:

After that the experiment is started with following steps:

The unit HM150.04 is placed on the HM150 module. Then , it is ensured that the
return pipe conducts the water into the channel.
The drain is opened.
The ball valve is opened.
The storage tank is filled with water.
The unit is connected to the electrical supply. Note: the power supply must meet
the specifications of the unit.
Vent the pump.
The HM150 and the HM 150.04 are connected with the hose.

Results

After the experiment is finished, and all the calculations are performed, the following
results are obtained for 1550 rpm and 1720 rpm.

1
Rotational speed of the impeller=1550 min
V(L) Time(s) Flowrate H( m) Pm (W ) Phyd (W ) p
ps pdis
(l/hr)
-0.25 0.12 10 17.8 2022.47 4 200 22 12
-0.21 0.21 10 19.05 1889.76 4.5 197 23.13 12.76

-0.19 0.37 10 27.5 1309.09 5.9 202 21 11.13

-0.14 0.55 10 44.76 804.35 7.23 194 15.81 8.86
-0.29 0.55 10 67.5 533.33 8.76 205 12.71 6.74
Table 3: Results for 1550 rpm

1
Rotational speed of the impeller=1720 min

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V(L) Time(sec) Flowrate (l/hr) H( m) Pm (W ) Phyd (W ) p
ps pdis

-0.31 0.07 10 15.52 2319.59 4,06 243 25.61 11.46

-0.3 0.16 10 18 2000.65 4,9 238 26.65 12.17

-0.26 0.24 10 20.87 1725.13 5.29 238 24.82 11.33

-0.23 0.39 10 25.90 1390.93 6,51 237 23.85 11
-0.35 0.5 10 37.5 960 8,9 235 23.24 10.75
Table 3: Results for 1720 rpm

Discussion of the Result

Pump characteristic curve

10

6
1550 rpm
Pump head (m) 5
1720 rpm
4

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Flow rate (L/h)

Figur
e 3: Pump characteristic curves

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So, it is clearly seen from the graph that maximum efficiency of pump occurs when the
pump head is between 4 and 5 meters, and the flow rate is nearly 2000 l/hr. On the
other hand, the least efficiency of pump is experienced when the pump head is more
than 7 meters and the flow rate of water is less than 1500 l/hr. Therefore, it is obvious
that the most optimal regime for this pump is observed when pump head is 4-5 meters
and flow rate is 2000 l/hr.
However, the obtained results are not the exact theoretical results for the centrifugal
pump. There are some factors that affect the result of the experiment. First example
would be frictional losses in the flow. Frictional loss is caused by pipe wall, fittings
centrifugal pump and its compositions. Secondly, the vibration of the unit is the source
of some errors, because it increases the frictional loss. Also, cavitation caused by
impellers can cause such errors. Additionally, the recordings of manometers cannot be
as accurate as desired. Final reason for the error is stopwatch usage. It also causes
some errors. In order to minimize such errors, vibration of the module can be
decreased; the cavitation can be taken into account.

Conclusion
In general, the experiment could be taken as successful experiment. Of course, results
are expected with some errors. The reasons for such errors are vibration of unit,
frictional losses, cavitation, and indication of manometer, . In order to diminish the
errors, the water can be distillated; the process can be freed from vibrations and
bubbles.

Reference
HM150 Basic Hydraulic Bench manual
http://www.mutiaranata.com/product/detail/hm-150-04-variable-speed-
centrifugal-pump

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Bibliography
Process Engineering A lecture notes
T.Al-shemmeri Engineering Fluid mechanics

Appendix
There have been many trials for different rotational speed of impeller and for different
flow rates. So the calculations are only presented for one case.

The capacity of tank and time needed to fill it are obtained from experiment data :

Q=10 l

t=17.8 se c

Volumetric flow rate can be found:

Q 10 103 m 3
Q= = =0.56 103 m3 /s
t 17.8 s

Pressure of suction and delivery sides are also given in experiment data:

Pds=0.12 ba r

Pis =0.25 bar

So, delivery head can be evaluated:

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PdsPis 5
0.12 10 +0.25 10
5
H= +0.18= +0.18=3.78 4 m
g 998 9.81

After that the hydraulic power of pump can be determined:

Phyd =0.568 103 3.96 9.81 998=22.02 W

Finally, overall efficiency of the centrifugal pump is calculated:

P hyd 22
P= 100 = 100 =12
Ped m 200 0.92

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