Passive transport -> doesnt require molecules (water) travel from areas

energy of high concentration of water to

low concentration of water (through
semi-permeable membrane)
Is a type of diffusion

Is the movement of water Meaning

Diffusion

Hypertonic higher concentration of solute

A low water concentration
means a high
concentration of solutes
(ex. Salt, sugar, or things
that can be dissolved in
water (solvent)
Osmosis
Must be comparing to something
In osmosis, water moves to the hypertonic side.
Hypotonic lower
concentration of solute Isotonic equal concentration on
two sides
Hypo = low

Example of osmosis in real life

Semi-permeable
membrane only allows
something to pass 1. IV pack contains isotonic solution. If it a pure water (
through like water and hypotonic) , the water molecules will move to the red blood
gases, but not solutes. cell and the red blood cell will swell and burst. If it is hypertonic
solution, the red blood cell will shrink.

2. If salt water fish (hypertonic) is placed in fresh water (hypotonic), the

Water moves to area where
there is a higher
concentration of solutes
(low water concentration)
fish will swell and eventually will die.
Salt and fresh water fish are not necessarily isotonic to their surrounding
but they have special adaptation

Salmon has adaptation that can switch fresh and salt water

For example, a box has semi-permeable

membrane in the center and pure
moving water molecules on each side.
The net movement at equilibrium of
water on the two sides is zero. Meaning
the overall change in direction of
movements is zero.
3. Osmosis helps plants get their water
After the rain, the soil will have lower conc. of solutes (hypotonic) and
the water will go up to the plant roots (hypertonic).
If the salt is dumped in the soil, the soil will become hypertonic and the
water will move out of the plant, causing the plants to die.

4. If a salt is dumped on a slug, it will die.

Later, salt molecules are added to one side of the box. Salt
molecules cannot pass through the semi-permeable
membrane. As a result, water molecules will move to that
side where there is a higher concentration of solutes to
maintain the net movement to zero. Water movement still
occurs.
The outside environment of slugs is hypertonic because
of the salt. The slug is hypotonic. So the water (the
moisture that slugs need) travel out of the slugs. It will
dehydrate and die.