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A

PROJECTREPORT
ON

AUTOMATICOPENANDCLOSEBRIDGE
IN
REPORTSUBMITTEDINFULFILMENTOFTHEREQUIREMENTFORTHEAWARDOFTHE
DEGREE
OF
BACHELOROFTECHNOLOGY
IN
MECHANICALENGINEERING

RAJASTHANTECHNICALUNIVERSITY,KOTA

SUBMITTEDTO: SUBMITTEDBY:
MR.SHAILENDRASINGH AZADSINGH
(H.O.D.M.E.DEPARTMENT) SHIVRAJ
NIET,ALWAR YOGESHKUMAR
AABID
GUIDEDBY: JERGESH
ARVINDKHATRISIR TRILOK
MANISHGUPTA
SHUBHAMGUPTA

DEPARTMENTOFMECHANICALENGINEERING

NORTHERNINSTITUTEOFENGINEERINGTECHNICALCAMPUS,
ALWARRAJASTHAN301028
RAJASTHANTECHNICALUNIVERSITY,KOTA
NORTHERN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
TECHNICAL CAMPUS, ALWAR RAJASTHAN-
301028

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify, AZAD SINGH, SHIVRAJ, YOGESH KUMAR, AABID,
JERGESH, TRILOK, MANISH GUPTA, SHUBHAM GUPTA, of VIIth
Semester B.Tech (Mechanical Engineering) , have worked for their Project
entitled as Automatic Open and Close Bridge under my guidance being
submitted in partial fulfillment of award of degree of B.Tech. from Rajasthan
Technical University, Kota during the session 2016-17.

Date:

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Mr. Shailendra Singh Mr. Arvind Khatri

H.O.D. E.E. Deptt. Project Guide

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Apart from my efforts the success of any PROJECT depends largely on the encouragement
and guidelines by many other. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the people
who have been instrumental in this PROJECT.

I am grateful to our esteemed educational institution NORTHERN INSTITUTE OF


ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CAMPUS, ALWAR for providing us with high quality
technical education, hence adding a new dimension to our career.

I would also like to express my gratitude towards our Head of Department Mr. Shailendra
Singh (HOD) and Mr. Arvind Khatri (Project Guide) for showing confidence in us & for
their motivation & encouragement.

Last but not least, I am grateful to my parents and friends for their love, support and
patience in every phase of my life.

Date: AZAD SINGH

SHIVRAJ
YOGESHKUMAR
AABID
JERGESH
TRILOK
MANISHGUPTA
SHUBHAMGUPTA

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ABSTRACT
The addition of Project Report in the curriculum of the degree of B.Tech. by the Rajasthan
Technical University, Kota is an appreciable act which enables us to learn to work in a team
& where we have to stress during the course of Project Programs. The Project on
AUTOMATIC OPEN AND CLOSE BRIDGE is infecting the honest work as per the
spirit of the Project report. While working in company, we come to know how to face the
difficulties & to cooperate within a team.

We do not claim the originality of the materials presented in this report. We have taken
assistance from a large no. of books & literatures for presenting the Report. In the end we
hearty thankful to Mechanical Department, NIET for taking extra pain in completing our
Project.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
S.No.Particulars PageNo.

CoverPage i
Certificate ii
Acknowledgement iii
Abstract iv
TableofContents v
ListofFigures vii
ListofTables viii
INDEX
S.NO. TOPIC Page No.
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 History and background 2
1.3 Method of Study 3
1.4 Objectives 4
1.5 Parts 4
1.6 Block Diagram 5
Chapter 2 PRINCIPLES OF WORKING AND MANUFACTURING 6
2.1 Principle of working 6
2.2 Principles for sustainability 7
2.3 Manufacturing 7
CHAPTER 3 MECHANICAL PARTS REQUIRED 10
3.1 Mild Steel Rod 10
3.2 Pulley 11
3.3 Silk Rope 12
3.4 Hings 12
3.5 Wooden Ply 13
3.6 Spring 13
Chapter 4 ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS USED 14
4.1 Obstacle detection (IR sensor) 14
4.2 Ultrasonic Sensor 15
4.3 Arduino 20

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4.4 LCD 16*2 interfacing with 328 26
4.5 Crystal oscillator 31
4.6 Transistors 32
4.7 Diodes 33
4.8 Zener diodes 34
4.9 Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) 35
4.10 Variable Resistors 36
4.11 Capacitors 37
4.12 Servo Motors 39
Chapter 5 CALCULATIONS 43
Chapter-6 FUTURE OF THE PROJECT 48
Chapter 7 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 51
7.1 Advantages 51
7.2 Disadvantage 51
CONCLUSION 52
REFERENCES 53

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Particulars Page No.

Figure 1.1 Diagram of automatic open and close bridge 1


Figure 1.2 Different Sensors used for obstacle avoidance Robotic vehicle 5
Figure 2.1 A typical draw bridge 7
Figure 3.1 Mild steel rod 10
Figure 3.2 Pulley 11
Figure 3.3 Silk rope 12
Figure 3.4 Hings 12
Figure 3.5 Wooden ply 13
Figure 3.6 Spring 13
Figure 4.1 Path Detection 14
Figure 4.2 Ultrasonic Sensor Diagram 15
Figure 4.3 Ultrasonic Sensor working diagram 16
Figure 4.4 Distance Measurement 17
Figure 4.5 HC-SR04 Module 18
Figure 4.6 HC-SR04 Timing Chart 19
Figure 4.7 ARDUINO 20
Figure 4.8 LCD Interfacing 26
Figure 4.9 Crystal Oscillator 31
Figure 4.10 Resonator and Quartz 32
Figure 4.11 Transistors 32
Figure 4.12 Transistor symbols 33
Figure 4.13 Characteristics of silicon diode 33
Figure 4.14 Zener Diode 35
Figure 4.15 LEDs 35
Figure 4.16 Testing LED 36
Figure 4.17 Variable Resistor 37
Figure 4.18 Capacitors 38
Figure 4.19 Hitec HS-322HD Standard Heavy Duty Servo 40
Figure 4.20 The guts of a servo motor (L) and an assembled servo (R) 40
Figure 4.21 Variable Pulse width control servo position 41

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LIST OF TABLES
Table Particulars Page No.

Table 4.1 ATmega328 Configuration 21

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