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AC 26/02/2015 Item no. 4.66

Heat Exchanger Data Book

CHC603 Heat Transfer Operation II

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Contents

I Formulae, graphs and tables 1

1 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger 3
1.1 Log Mean Temperature difference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1.1 Correction factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Heat transfer through tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3 Shell-side heat-transfer coefficient(Kerns Method) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.4 Bells method for HTC shell side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.4.1 HTC cross flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.4.2 Fn , tube row correction factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.4.3 Fw , window correction factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.4.4 Fb , bypass correction factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.4.5 FL , Leakage correction factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.5 Pressure Drop in shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.5.1 Cross-flow zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.5.2 Pi ideal tube bank pressure drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.5.3 Fb0 , bypass correction factor for pressure drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.5.4 FL0 , leakage factor for pressure drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.5.5 Window-zone pressure drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.5.6 End zone pressure drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.5.7 Total shell-side pressure drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.5.8 Shell and bundle geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.6 Wills-Johnston Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.6.1 Streams and flow areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.6.2 Flow resistances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.6.3 Total shell-side pressure drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.7 Fouling factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.8 Tube data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2 Plate Heat Exchanger 21

2.1 Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.2 Heat transfer coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.2.1 Number of Transfer Units (NTU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.2.2 Correction factor, Ft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.3 Pressure drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.3.1 Pressure drop in flow through plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.3.2 Pressure drop in flow through port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.4 Plate sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

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3 Condenser Design 27
3.1 HTC in Vertical condenser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.2 HTC in Horizontal Condenser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.3 Condensation with subcooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.4 Condensation with desuperheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.5 Condensation in vertical tubes with vapour downflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.6 Condensation outside horizontal tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

4 Reboiler Design 31
4.1 Nucleate Boiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.1.1 The Forster-Zuber correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.1.2 The Mostinski correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.1.3 The Cooper correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.1.4 The Stephan-Abdelsalam correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.1.5 Boiling mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.1.6 Convective effects in tube bundles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.2 Critical heat flux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.2.1 Mostinski correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.3 Two Phase Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.3.1 Pressure drop correlations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.4 Convective Boiling in Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.4.1 Heat transfer coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.4.2 Critical heat flux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.5 Film Boiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.5.1 Heat transfer coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.6 Design equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.6.1 Number of nozzles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.6.2 Shell diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.7 Frictional losses in pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.7.1 Friction factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.7.2 Pressure drop in pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.7.3 Maximum gas/vapour velocity in tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.7.4 Maximum velocity of liquids in tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.7.5 Maximum velocity of two-phase flow in tubes/pipe . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.8 Design of Vertical Thermosyphon Reboiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.8.1 Pressure balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.8.2 Sensible heating zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.8.3 Mist flow limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

II Data Sheet 45

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 Part I

Formulae, graphs and tables

1
Chapter 1

Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

1.1 Log Mean Temperature difference

For counter current flow,

(Thin Tcout ) (Thout Tcin )

Tlm =   (1.1)
Thin Tcout
ln
Thout Tcin

Tm = Ft Tlm (1.2)

1.1.1 Correction factor

For one shell pass and two or more even tube passes shell and tube heat exchanger,
 
p 1 S
(R2 + 1)ln
1 RS
Ft =  p  (1.3)
2 S R + 1 (R + 1)2
(R 1) ln  p 
2 S R + 1 + (R + 1)2

where,

Tin Tout
R= (1.4)
tout tin
tout tin
S= (1.5)
Tin tin

T = Shell side temperature

t = Tube side temperature
Th = hot fluid temperature
Tc = cold fluid temperature

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Figure 1.1: LMTD Correction factor (1 Shell pass; 3 tube passes)

1.2 Heat transfer through tubes

Seider-Tate and Hausen equations,
for Re 104
N u = 0.023Re0.8 P r1/3 (/w )0.14 (1.6)
for 2100 < Re 104
h i
 2/3  1/3 0.14 2/3
N u = 0.116 Re 125 P r (/w ) 1 (D/L) (1.7)

for Re 2100
N u = 1.86 [ReP r (D/L)]1/3 (/w )0.14 (1.8)

1.3 Shell-side heat-transfer coefficient(Kerns Method)

jH = 0.5 (1 + lB /Ds ) 0.08Re0.6821 + 0.7Re0.1772


(1.9)
where,
ho de 1/3
jH = Pr (/w )0.14 (1.10)
k
lB = baffle spacing
Ds = shell ID
de = equivalent diameter

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Gs de
Re = (1.11)

ms
Gs = (1.12)
As
(pt do ) Ds lB
As = (1.13)
pt

for a square pitch arrangement:

1.27 2
pt 0.785d2o


de = (1.14)
do
for an equilateral triangular pitch arrangement:
1.10 2
pt 0.917d2o


de = (1.15)
do

1.4 Bells method for HTC shell side

hs = hoc Fn Fw Fb FL (1.16)

hoc = heat transfer coefficient calculated for cross-flow over an ideal tube bank,
no leakage or bypassing.
Fn = correction factor to allow for the effect of the number of vertical tube rows,
Fw = window effect correction factor,
Fb = bypass stream correction factor,
FL = leakage correction factor.

1.4.1 HTC cross flow

See section (1.3)
 0.14
hoc do
= jH P r1/3 (1.17)
kf w

1.4.2 Fn , tube row correction factor

1. Re > 2000, turbulent; take Fn from Figure 12.32.

2. Re > 100 to 2000, transition region, take Fn = 1.0;

3. Re < 100, laminar region,Fn (Nc0 )0.18

where Nc0 is the number of rows crossed in series from end to end of the shell.

1.4.3 Fw , window correction factor

The correction factor is shown in Figure 12.33 plotted versus Rw , the ratio of the number of
tubes in the window zones to the total number in the bundle. For Rw refer section 1.5.8

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1.4.4 Fb , bypass correction factor

"  1/3 !#
Ab 2Ns
Fb = exp 1 (1.18)
As Ncv
where,

= 1.5 for laminar flow, Re < 100,

= 1.35 for transitional and turbulent flow Re > 100,
Ab = clearance area between the bundle and the shell, refer equation (1.35),
As = maximum area for cross-flow,
Ns = number of sealing strips encountered by the bypass stream in the cross-flow zone,
Ncv = the number of constrictions, tube rows, encountered in the cross-flow section.

1.4.5 FL , Leakage correction factor

 
Atb + 2Asb
FL = 1 L (1.19)
AL
where,

L = a factor obtained from Figure 12.35,

Atb = the tube to baffle clearance area, per baffle,
Asb = shell-to-baffle clearance area, per baffle,
AL = total leakage area = (Atb + Asb ).

1.5 Pressure Drop in shell

1.5.1 Cross-flow zones
Pc = Pi Fb0 FL0 (1.20)

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1.5.2 Pi ideal tube bank pressure drop

0.14
u2


Pi = 8jt Ncv s (1.21)
2 w
where,

Ncv = number of tube rows crossed (in the cross-flow region),

us = shell side velocity, based on the clearance area at the bundle equator,
jt = friction factor obtained from Figure 12.36, at the appropriate Reynolds number,
Re = (us do /).

1.5.3 Fb0 , bypass correction factor for pressure drop

The correction factor is calculated from the equation used to calculate the bypass correction
factor for heat transfer, equation (1.18) but with the following values for the constant ,
where,

= 5 for laminar flow, Re < 100,

= 4 for transitional and turbulent flow Re > 100

The correction factor for exchangers without sealing strips is shown in Figure 12.37.

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1.5.4 FL0 , leakage factor for pressure drop

The factor is calculated using the equation for the heat-transfer leakage-correction factor,
with the values for the coefficient L taken from Figure 12.38.

1.5.5 Window-zone pressure drop

u2z
Pw = FL0 (2 + 0.6Nwv ) (1.22)
2
where

uz = the geometric mean velocity, = uw us
uw = the velocity in the window zone, based on the window area less the area occupied
by the tubes, uw = AWws
Ws = shell-side fluid mass flow, kg/s,
Nwv = number of restrictions for cross-flow in window zone, approximately equal to the
number of tube rows.

1.5.6 End zone pressure drop

 
Nwv + Ncv
Pe = Pi Fb0 (1.23)
Ncv

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CHC603

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Heat Exchanger Data Book
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1.5.7 Total shell-side pressure drop

Ps = 2Pe + Pc (Nb 1) + Nb Pw (1.24)
L
where, Nb = lB
1

L = Total tube length,

lB = baffle spacing

1.5.8 Shell and bundle geometry

Bundle diameter
 1/n1
Nt
Db = do (1.25)
K1
where
Nt = number of tubes,
Db = bundle diameter, mm,
do = tube outside diameter, mm.

Table 1.1: Constants for use in equation 1.25

Triangular pitch, PT = 1.25do
No. of passes 1 2 4 6 8
K1 0.319 0.249 0.175 0.0743 0.0365
n1 2.142 2.207 2.285 2.499 2.675
Square pitch, PT = 1.25do
No. of passes 1 2 4 6 8
K1 0.215 0.156 0.158 0.0402 0.0331
n1 2.207 2.291 2.263 2.617 2.643

Db
Hb = Ds (0.5 Bc ) (1.26)
2
Db 2Hb
Ncv = (1.27)
p0t
Hb
Nwv = 0 (1.28)
pt

Hc = baffle cut height = Ds Bc , where Bc is the baffle cut as a fraction,

Hb = height from the baffle chord to the top of the tube bundle,
Bb = bundle cut = Hb /Db ,
b = angle subtended by the baffle chord, rads,
Db = bundle diameter.
Ds = Shell ID.
p0t = pt for square pitch,
p0t = 0.87pt for equilateral triangular pitch.

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The number of tubes in a window zone Nw is given by:

Nw = Nt Ra0 (1.29)

where, Ra0 is the ratio of the bundle cross-sectional area in the window zone to the total bundle
cross-sectional area, Ra0 can be obtained from Figure 12.41, for the appropriate bundle cut,
Bb .
The number of tubes in a cross-flow zone Nc is given by

Nc = Nt 2Nw (1.30)
2Nw
Rw = (1.31)
N
 t 2
d2o
  
Ds
Aw = Ra Nw (1.32)
4 4

Ra is obtained from Figure 12.41, for the appropriate baffle cut Bc

ct do
Atb = (Nt Nw ) (1.33)
2
where ct is the diametrical tube-to-baffle clearance; the difference between the hole and tube
diameter, typically 0.8 mm.
cs Ds
Asb = (2 b ) (1.34)
2
where cs is the baffle-to-shell clearance, see Figure 1.2.
b can be obtained from Figure 12.41, for the appropriate baffle cut, Bc

Ab = lB (Ds Db ) (1.35)

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1.6 Wills-Johnston Method

1.6.1 Streams and flow areas
The bypass flow area
Sbp = B (Ds Dot + Np p ) (1.36)
where,

Ds = Shell ID
B = central baffle spacing
Dot = outer tube limit diameter
Np = number of tube pass partitions aligned with the cross-flow direction
p = pass partition clearance

Tube-to-baffle leakage flow

St = nt Do tb (1.37)
Shell-to-baffle leakage flow
Ss = Ds sb (1.38)
where

nt = number of tubes in bundle

tb = tube-to-baffle clearance
sb = shell-to-baffle clearance

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Figure 1.2: Typical baffle clearances.

2
BDot ( ot + sin ot )
SBW = BNp p (1.39)
4Ds (1 2Bc )
where,  
1 Ds (1 2Bc )
ot = 2 cos (1.40)
Dot
Here, Bc is the fractional baffle cut and ot is expressed in radians.

1.6.2 Flow resistances

The cross-flow resistance The cross-flow resistance is given by the following equation
 b
4aDo Ds Dv (1 2Bc ) (PT Do )3 m
B Do
SBW
B = 2
(1.41)
2gc SBW
s
m
B x o
= (1.42)
m
o y B
where

a= 0.061, b= 0.088 for square and rotated-square pitch

a = 0.450, b = 0.267 for triangular pitch

1 PT2 Do2
Dv = (1.43)
Do
1 = 1.273 for square and rotated-square pitch
= 1.103 for triangular pitch

The bypass flow resistance The bypass flow resistance is computed as follows:
  0.025
1 2Bc m
o De
0.3164Ds + 2Nss
2 PT Sbp
CF = 2
(1.44)
2gc Sbp

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s
m
CF x o
= (1.45)
mo y CF
where

Nss = number of pairs of sealing strips

2 = 1.0 for square pitch
= 1.414 for rotated-square pitch
= 1.732 for triangular pitch
De = equivalent diameter for the bypass flow

2Sbp
De = (1.46)
Ds Dotl + 2B + Np (B + p )
y = w + x (1.47)
1
x =  2 (1.48)
1 + 1
B CF

The tube-to-baffle leakage flow resistance The flow resistance for the tube-to-baffle
leakage stream is given by the following equation,

0.036Bt /tb + 2.3 (Bt /tb )0.177

A = (1.49)
2gc St2
where Bt is the baffle thickness. Flow fraction,
s
m
A o
= (1.50)
m
o A

where, m
o is total mass flow.

The shell-to-baffle leakage flow resistance The flow resistance for the shell-to-baffle
leakage stream is given by an equation,

0.036Bt /sb + 2.3 (Bt /sb )0.177

E = (1.51)
2gc Ss2
s
mE o
= (1.52)
m o E

The window flow resistance The window flow resistance is given by

1.9 exp (0.6856Sw /Sm )

w = (1.53)
2gc Sw2
s
mw o
= (1.54)
mo y

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Inlet and outlet baffle spaces The cross-flow resistance in the end spaces is estimated
by the following equation
 2  
B Dotl
e = 0.5x 1+ (1.55)
Be Ds (1 2Bc )

the end baffle spaces. The flow resistance in the end windows is calculated as follows

1.9 exp [0.6856Sw B/(Sm Be )]

we = (1.56)
2gc Sw2

The pressure drop in the inlet or outlet baffle space is then given by:

2e + 0.5we m
Pe = e m 2w (1.57)
2j
Pj = j m j = A, B, CF, E (1.58)

1.6.3 Total shell-side pressure drop

Po = [(nb 1) Py + Pin + Pout ] + Pn (1.59)

= 3.646Re0.1934
B ReB < 1000
= 1.0 ReB 1000
Do m B
ReB =
Sm
2w
Py = y m

where,

nb = number of baffles.
Pin , Pout = the pressure drops in the inlet and outlet baffle spaces.
Pn = the pressure drops in the nozzles.

1.7 Fouling factor

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Fluid Coefficient (W.m-2.C-1) Resistance (m2.C.W-1)

River water 3000-12,000 0.0003-0.0001
Sea water 1000-3000 0.001-0.0003
Cooling water (towers) 3000-6000 0.0003-0.00017
Towns water (soft) 3000-5000 0.0003-0.0002
Towns water (hard) 1000-2000 0.001-0.0005
Steam condensate 1500-5000 0.00067-0.0002
Steam (oil free) 4000- 10,000 0.0025-0.0001
Steam (oil traces) 2000-5000 0.0005-0.0002
Refrigerated brine 3000-5000 0.0003-0.0002
Air and industrial gases 5000-10,000 0.0002-0.000-1
Flue gases 2000-5000 0.0005-0.0002
Organic vapors 5000 0.0002
Organic liquids 5000 0.0002
Light hydrocarbons 5000 0.0002
Heavy hydrocarbons 2000 0.0005
Boiling organics 2500 0.0004
Condensing organics 5000 0.0002
Heat transfer fluids 5000 0.0002
Aqueous salt solutions 3000-5000 0.0003-0.0002

Figure 1.3: Typical values of fouling coefficients and resistances

1.8 Tube data

Standard tube data:

Tube Size Outside diameter Wall thickness

inch inch mm BWG inch mm
1
4
0.250 6.350 8 0.165 4.191
3
8
0.375 9.525 9 0.148 3.759
1
2
0.500 12.700 10 0.134 3.404
5
8
0.625 15.875 12 0.109 2.769
3
4
0.750 19.050 14 0.083 2.108
7
8
0.875 22.225 16 0.065 1.651
1 1.000 25.400 18 0.049 1.245
1 41 1.250 31.750 20 0.035 0.889
1 21 1.500 38.100 22 0.028 0.711
2 2.000 50.800 24 0.022 0.559

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Chapter 2

Plate Heat Exchanger

2.1 Plate

Figure 2.1: Plate

2.2 Heat transfer coefficient

 0.14
hp de
= 0.26Re0.65 P r0.4 (2.1)
k w
up de
Re =

(m/n
c)
up =
Af

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Af = flow area through plates = b Lw ,

Lw = effective plate width,
de = equivalent diameter = 2b,
b = plate gap = p t,
p = pitch,
t = plate thickness.
nc = number of channels

Table 2.1: Heat transfer coefficient

Fluid Coefficient (W/m2 - C)

River water 3000 12,000
Sea water 1000 3000
Cooling water (towers) 3000 6000
Towns water (soft) 3000 5000
Towns water (hard) 1000 2000
Steam condensate 1500 5000
Steam (oil free) 4000 10,000
Steam (oil traces) 2000 5000
Refrigerated brine 3000 5000
Air and industrial gases 5000 10,000
Flue gases 2000 5000
Organic vapours 5000
Organic liquids 5000
Light hydrocarbons 5000
Heavy hydrocarbons 2000
Boiling organic 2500
Condensaing organics 5000
Heat transfer fluids 5000
Aqueous salt solutions 3000 5000

Table 2.2: Fouling factor in PHE

Fluid Fouling factor (m2 - C/W)

Process water 0.00003
Town water (soft) 0.00007
Town water (hard) 0.00017
Cooling water (treated) 0.00012
Sea water 0.00017
Lubricating oil 0.00017
Light organics 0.00010
Process fluids 0.0002 0.00005

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2.2.1 Number of Transfer Units (NTU)

to ti
NT U = (2.2)
Tlm
Corrected mean temperature difference,

Tm = Ft Tlm (2.3)

2.2.2 Correction factor, Ft

Refer figure 2.2

Figure 2.2: Log mean temperature correction factor for plate heat exchangers

2.3 Pressure drop

2.3.1 Pressure drop in flow through plates
u2p
 
Lp
Pp = 8jf (2.4)
de 2
Lp = effective plate length, = Lv dpt
jf = 0.6Re0.3 for turbulent flow.

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2.3.2 Pressure drop in flow through port

u2pt
Ppt = 1.3 NP (2.5)
2
NP = number of passes,
m
d2pt
upt = velocity in port = , where Ap =
Ap 4

2.4 Plate sizes

L2 B

PP
A D

C
E

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University of Mumbai CHC603 Heat Exchanger Data Book

Table 2.3: Plate dimensions

Plate Max A B C D E L2 PP Port
No. Pressure size
bar mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
PL01 16 460 160 336 65 85 150 600 pcs. 2.4 1
PL02 16 800 160 675 65 85 150 600 pcs. 2.4 1
PL03 16 837 310 590 135 132 250 1000 pcs. 2.4 2
PL04 16 1066 310 819 135 132 250 1000 pcs. 2.4 2
PL05 25 470 185 381 70 45 250 1000 pcs. 2.7 1
PL06 25 765 185 676 70 45 250 1000 pcs. 2.7 1
PL07 25 733 310 494 126 128 250 1000 pcs. 2.9 2
PL08 25 933 310 694 126 128 250 1000 pcs. 2.9 2
PL09 25 1182 310 894 126 128 250 1000 pcs. 2.9 2
PL10 16 1080 440 650 202 200 500 2500 pcs. 3.1 DN80
PL11 25 1160 480 719 225 204 500 2500 pcs. 3.1 DN100
PL12 25 1332 480 894 225 204 500 3000 pcs. 3.1 DN100
PL13 25 1579 480 1141 225 204 500 3000 pcs. 3.1 DN100
PL14 25 1826 480 1388 225 204 500 3000 pcs. 3.1 DN100
PL15 25 2320 480 1882 225 204 500 3000 pcs. 3.1 DN100
PL16 25 1470 620 941 290 225 500 4000 pcs. 3.5 DN150
PL17 25 1835 620 1306 290 225 500 4000 pcs. 3.5 DN150
PL18 25 2200 620 1671 290 225 500 4000 pcs. 3.5 DN150
PL19 25 1470 620 941 290 225 500 4000 pcs. 3.1 DN150
PL20 25 1835 620 1306 290 225 500 4000 pcs. 3.1 DN150
PL21 25 2200 620 1671 290 225 500 4000 pcs. 3.1 DN150
PL22 25 2687 620 2157 290 225 500 4000 pcs. 3.1 DN150
PL23 25 1380 760 770 395 285 500 4000 pcs. 3.1 DN200
PL24 25 1740 760 1130 395 285 500 4000 pcs. 3.1 DN200
PL25 25 2100 760 1490 395 285 500 4000 pcs. 3.1 DN200
PL26 25 2460 760 1850 395 285 500 4000 pcs. 3.1 DN200
PL27 25 1930 980 1100 480 365 1780 5280 pcs. 3.8 DN300
PL28 25 2320 980 1490 480 365 1780 5280 pcs. 3.8 DN300
PL30 25 2710 980 1879 480 365 1780 5280 pcs. 3.8 DN300
PL31 25 3100 980 2267 480 365 1780 5280 pcs. 3.8 DN300
PL32 25 2500 1370 1466 672 480 1980 5980 pcs. 4.1 DN500
PL33 25 2855 1370 1822 672 480 1980 5980 pcs. 4.1 DN500
PL34 25 3211 1370 2178 672 480 1980 5980 pcs. 4.1 DN500
PL33 25 3567 1370 2534 672 480 1980 5980 pcs. 4.1 DN500

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University of Mumbai CHC603 Heat Exchanger Data Book

Table 2.4: Pipe sizes for PHE

Outside Wall Inside

Pipe Size
Diameter Thickness Diameter
NB DN OD -t- ID
(inches) mm (inches) (inches) (inches)
1/8 6 0.405 0.0680 0.2690
1/4 8 0.54 0.0880 0.3640
3/8 10 0.675 0.0910 0.4930
1/2 15 0.84 0.1090 0.6220
3/4 20 1.05 0.1130 0.8240
1 25 1.315 0.1330 1.0490
1 1/4 32 1.66 0.1400 1.3800
1 1/2 40 1.9 0.1450 1.6100
2 50 2.375 0.1540 2.0670
2 1/2 65 2.875 0.2030 2.4690
3 80 3.5 0.2160 3.0680
4 100 4.5 0.2370 4.0260
6 150 6.625 0.2800 6.0650
8 200 8.625 0.3220 7.9810
10 250 10.75 0.3650 10.0200
12 300 12.75 0.4060 11.9380
14 350 14 0.4380 13.1240
16 400 16 0.5000 15.0000
18 450 18 0.5620 16.8760
20 500 20 0.5940 18.8120

26
Chapter 3

Condenser Design

3.1 HTC in Vertical condenser

Heat transfer coefficient for condensation on vertical tubes is given by Nusselt theory,
1/3
k 3 L (L v ) g

h = 1.47 L for Re 30 (3.1)
2L Re
1/3
Re [kL3 L (L v ) g/2L ]
h= for 30 Re 1600 (3.2)
1.08Re1.22 5.2
1/3
Re [kL3 L (L v ) g/2L ]
h= for Re 1600 and P r 10 (3.3)
8750 + 58P rL0.5 (Re0.75 253)

4
Re =
L
where
m
=
nt D

3.2 HTC in Horizontal Condenser

Heat transfer coefficient for condensation on horizontal single tube or a single row of tubes is
given by Nusselt theory,
1/3
kL3 L (L v ) g

h = 1.52 for Re 3200 (3.4)
2L Re

4
Re =
L
where
m

=
nt L

kL = thermal conductivity of condensate at average film temperature

L = density of condensate at average film temperature
v = density of vapour

27
University of Mumbai CHC603 Heat Exchanger Data Book

L = viscosity of condensate at average film temperature

m = rate of condensation at average film temperature
nt = number of tubes in tube bank
L = tube length
for Nr tube rows stacked vertically,
h
hNr = 1/6
(3.5)
Nr
for circular tube bundles used in shell-and-tube condensers,
 3 1/3
kL L (L v ) g
h = 1.52 (3.6)
4L
where,
m

= 2/3
nt L
Average film temperature,
Tf = 0.75Tw + 0.25Tsat (3.7)

3.3 Condensation with subcooling

Sadisivan and Lienhard equation,
   1/4
h 0.228
= 1 + 0.683 for P rL 0.6 (3.8)
hN u P rL
where,
CpL L
P rL =
kL
CpL (Tsat Tw )
=

where
hN u = is the heat-transfer coefficient given by the basic Nusselt theory.
Tsat = condensation temperature
Tw = tube wall temperature
= latent heat of condensation.

3.4 Condensation with desuperheating

 1/4
h Cpv (Tv Tsat )
= 1+ (3.9)
hN u
where
hN u = is the heat-transfer coefficient given by the basic Nusselt theory.
Cpv = specific heat of vapour
Tsat = condensation temperature
Tv = vapour temperature
= latent heat of condensation.

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University of Mumbai CHC603 Heat Exchanger Data Book

3.5 Condensation in vertical tubes with vapour down-

flow
The correlation of Boyko and Kruzhilin,

h = hLo [1 + x (L v ) /v ]0.5 (3.10)

where

x = vapour weight fraction

hLo = heat-transfer coefficient for total flow as liquid

3.6 Condensation outside horizontal tubes

McNaught developed the following simple correlation for shear-controlled condensation in
tube bundles:
h
= 1.26Xtt0.78 (3.11)
hL
where,

Xtt = Lockhart-Martinelli parameter, (refer section 4.3)

hL = heat-transfer coefficient for the liquid phase flowing alone through the bundle.
(refer chapter 1)

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Chapter 4

Reboiler Design

4.1 Nucleate Boiling

4.1.1 The Forster-Zuber correlation
kL0.79 CpL0.45 0.49
L gc
0.25
Te0.24 Psat
0.75
hnb = 0.00122 (4.1)
0.5 L0.29 0.24 0.24
v
where,
hnb = nucleate boiling heat-transfer coefficient, Btu/hft2 F(W/m2 K)
kL = liquid thermal conductivity, Btu/hft F (W/mK)
CpL = liquid heat capacity, Btu/lbm F(J/kg K)
L = liquid density, lbm/ft3 (kg/m3 )
L = liquid viscosity, lbm/fth (kg/ms)
= surface tension, lbf/ft(N/m)
v = liquid density, lbm/ft3 (kg/m3 )
= latent heat of vaporization, Btu/lbm (J/kg)
gc = unit conversion factor = 4.17 108 lbmft/lbfh2 (1.0 kgm/Ns2 )
Te = Tw Tsat , F(K)
Tw = tube-wall temperature, F(K)
Tsat = saturation temperature at system pressure, F(K)
Psat = Psat (Tw ) Psat (Tsat ), lbf/ft2 (Pa)
Psat (T ) = vapor pressure of fluid at temperature T, lbf/ft2 (Pa)
Any consistent set of units can be used with Equation - 4.1, including the English and SI
units shown above.

4.1.2 The Mostinski correlation

In English unit,
hnb = 0.00622Pc0.69 q0.7 F p (4.2)
where,
hnb = nucleate boiling heat-transfer coefficient, Btu/hft2 F
Pc = fluid critical pressure, psia
q = heat flux, Btu/hft2 = hnb Te
Fp = pressure correction factor, dimensionless

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University of Mumbai CHC603 Heat Exchanger Data Book

In SI units,
hnb = 0.00417Pc0.69 q0.7 F p (4.3)
where,
hnb = nucleate boiling heat-transfer coefficient, W/m2 K
Pc = fluid critical pressure, kPa
q = heat flux, W/m2 = hnb Te

The pressure correction factor given by:

h
1 i 2
F p = 2.1Pr0.27 + 9 + 1 Pr2 Pr (4.4)

where, Pr = P/Pc = reduced pressure.

4.1.3 The Cooper correlation

In English unit same as that of equation 4.2,

q 0.67 Pr0.12 ( log10 Pr )0.55 M 0.5

hnb = 21 (4.5)

In SI unit same as that of equation 4.3,

q 0.67 Pr0.12 ( log10 Pr )0.55 M 0.5

hnb = 55 (4.6)

where M is the molecular weight of the fluid.

4.1.4 The Stephan-Abdelsalam correlation

qdB
Z1 = (4.7)
kL Tsat
2 L
Z2 = L (4.8)
gc dB
gc d2B
Z3 = (4.9)
L2
v
Z4 = (4.10)
L
L v
Z5 = (4.11)
L
 0.5
2gc
dB = 0.0146c (4.12)
g (L v )
where,
dB = theoretical diameter of bubbles leaving surface, ft(m)
c = contact angle in degrees
g = gravitational acceleration, ft/h2 (m/s2 )
gc = 4.17 108 lbmft/lbfh2 (1.0 kgm/Ns2 )

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University of Mumbai CHC603 Heat Exchanger Data Book

L = liquid thermal diffusivity, ft2 /s (m2 /s)

q Btu/hft2 (W/m2 )
kL Btu/hft F (W/mK)

Tsat R (K)
lbf/ft (N/m)
L , v lbm/ft3 (kg/m3 )
ftlbf/lbm (J/kg)
1 Btu = 778 ftlbf

The heat-transfer coefficient is given by the following equation:

hnb dB
= 0.23Z10.674 Z20.35 Z30.371 Z40.297 Z51.73 (4.13)
kL

Fluid group Contact angle (c ) in
Water 45
Hydrocarbons (including alcohols) 35
Refrigerants (including CO2 , propane, n-butane) 35
Cryogenic fluids (including methane, ethane) 1

4.1.5 Boiling mixtures

The coefficient, hideal , is an average of the pure component values that is calculated as follows:
" n #
X xi
hideal = (4.14)
i=1
hnb,i

where hnb,i is the heat-transfer coefficient for pure component i. So heat transfer coefficient
for mixture is,
    1
BR hideal q
hnb = hideal 1 + 1 exp (4.15)
q L
where

BR = TD TB = boiling range
TD = dew-point temperature
TB = bubble-point temperature
= 0.0003 m/s (SI units) = 3.54 ft/h (English units)

4.1.6 Convective effects in tube bundles

The average boiling heat-transfer coefficient, hb , is expressed as follows:

hb = hnb Fb + hnc (4.16)

where hnc is a heat-transfer coefficient for liquid-phase natural convection and Fb is a factor
that accounts for the effect of the thermosyphon-type circulation in the tube bundle. The

33
University of Mumbai CHC603 Heat Exchanger Data Book

bundle convection factor is correlated in terms of bundle geometry by the following empirical
equation,  0.75
0.785Db
Fb = 1.0 + 0.1 1.0 (4.17)
C1 (PT /Do )2 Do
where,
Db = bundle diameter (outer tube-limit diameter)
Do = tube OD
PT = tube pitch
C1 = 1.0 for square and rotated square layouts
= 0.866 for triangular layouts
For larger temperature differences, therefore, Palen suggests using a rough approximation
for hnc of 250 W/m2 K (44 Btu/h ft2 F) for hydrocarbons and 1000 W/m2 K (176 Btu/h
ft2 F) for water and aqueous solutions.

4.2 Critical heat flux

The equation for critical heat flux is generally used in the following form:

qc = 0.149 v [ggc (L v )]0.25 (4.18)

4.2.1 Mostinski correlation

Boiling on single tube. For English unit,
qc = 803Pc Pr0.35 (1 Pr )0.9 (4.19)
where qc Btu/hft2 and Pc in psia.
For SI unit,
qc = 367Pc Pr0.35 (1 Pr )0.9 (4.20)
where qc W/m2 and Pc in kPa.
For tube bundles, Palen presented the following correlation:
qc,bundle = qc,tube b (4.21)
where
qc,bundle = critical heat flux for tube bundle
qc,tube = critical heat flux for a single tube
b = bundle correction factor
= 3.1b for b < 1.0/3.1
= 0.323
= 1.0 otherwise
Db L
b = dimensionless bundle geometry parameter =
A
Db = bundle diameter
A = bundle surface area = nt Do L for plain tubes
Do = tube OD
L = tube length
nt = number of tubes in bundle

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University of Mumbai CHC603 Heat Exchanger Data Book

4.3 Two Phase Flow

4.3.1 Pressure drop correlations
The Lockhart-Martinelli correlation
The two-phase pressure gradient is expressed as,

(Pf /L)tp = 2L (Pf /L)L (4.22)

where
2L = two-phase multiplier
(Pf /L)L = negative pressure gradient for liquid alone
(Pf /L)tp = negative two-phase pressure gradient
The two-phase multiplier is a function of the parameter, X, which is defined as follows:
(Pf /L)L 0.5
 
X= (4.23)
(Pf /L)v
where (Pf /L)v is the pressure gradient that would occur if the vapor phase flowed alone in
the conduit.The relationship between 2L and X was given in graphical form by Lockhart and
Martinelli, and subsequently expressed analytically by Chisholm as follows:
C 1
2L = 1 + + 2 (4.24)
X X
The constant, C, depends on whether the flow in each phase is laminar or turbulent, as shown
in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1: Values of the Constant in Equation 4.24

Liquid Vapour Notation ReL ReV C
Turbulent Turbulent tt > 2000 > 2000 20
Viscous (laminar) Turbulent vt < 1000 > 2000 12
Turbulent Viscous (laminar) tv > 2000 < 1000 10
Viscous (laminar) Viscous (laminar) vv < 1000 < 1000 5

For the turbulent-turbulent case,

 0.9  0.5  0.1
1x v L
Xtt = (4.25)
x L v
where, x is vapour mass fraction.

The Chisholm correlation

The two-phase pressure gradient is expressed as,

(Pf /L)tp = 2LO (Pf /L)LO (4.26)

where,

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University of Mumbai CHC603 Heat Exchanger Data Book

2LO = two-phase multiplier

(Pf /L)LO = negative pressure gradient for liquid alone
(Pf /L)tp = negative two-phase pressure gradient

The correlation for the two-phase multiplier is the following:

2 2

n (2n)/2 2n
o
LO = 1 + Y 1 B [x (1 x)] +x (4.27)

 0.5  n/2
L v
Y = (4.28)
v L
where n = 0.2314
For English unit with G in units of lbm/h f t2 :

B = 1500/ G (0 < Y 9.5)
 
= 14250/ Y G (9.5 < Y 28) (4.29)
 
= 399000/ Y 2 G (Y > 28)

For calculations in SI units, the following conversion can be used:

G(lbm/h f t2 ) 737.35G(kg/s m2 )

The Friedel correlation

The two-phase pressure gradient is expressed in the same manner as the Chisholm method,
Equation 4.26 with the following correlation for the two-phase multiplier:
3.24F H
2LO = E + 0.045 (4.30)
Fr We0.035
where,

E = (1 x)2 + x2 (v /L )0.2314 (L /v )
F = x0.78 (1 x)0.24
H = (L /v )0.91 (v /L )0.19 (1 v /L )0.7
G2
Fr = = Froude numbar
gDi 2tp
G2 Di
We = = Weber number
gc tp
Di = internal diameter of conduit
tp = two-phase density

For the purpose of this correlation, the two-phase density is calculated as follows:

tp = [x/v + (1 x) /L ]1 (4.31)

where, x is vapour mass fraction.

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University of Mumbai CHC603 Heat Exchanger Data Book

Slip ratio,
L
r
SR = (4.32)
tp

void fraction is computed

x
v = (4.33)
x + SR (1 x) v /L

Finally, the average two-phase density is computed as,

tp = v v + (1 v ) L (4.34)

The M
uller-Steinhagen and Heck(MSH) correlation

The correlation is reformulated in the Chisholm format of Equation 4.26 with the two-phase
multiplier given by the following equation:

2LO = Y 2 x3 + 1 + 2x Y 2 1 (1 x)1/3


(4.35)

where x is the vapor mass fraction and Y is the Chisholm parameter (equation 4.28).

4.4 Convective Boiling in Tubes

4.4.1 Heat transfer coefficient
The Chen correlation
hb = SCH hnb + Fx hL (4.36)

where

hb = convective boiling heat-transfer coefficient

hnb = nucleate boiling heat-transfer coefficient
1
SCH = (1 + 2.53 106 Re1.17 )
0.736
= 2.35 Xtt1 + 0.213


Fx for (Xtt < 10)
= 1.0 for (Xtt 10)
Re = ReL (Fx )1.25

The heat flux is calculated as follows:

q = SCH hnb (Tw Tsat ) + hL (Tw Tb ) (4.37)

whereas convective heat transfer coefficient, hL , can be calculated using Dittus-Boelter equa-
tion,
hL = 0.023 (kL /Di ) Re0.8
L P rL
0.4
(4.38)

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University of Mumbai CHC603 Heat Exchanger Data Book

4.4.2 Critical heat flux

The following simple correlation for vertical thermosyphon reboilers was given by Palen

0.35 0.61 0.25
qc = 16070 D2 /L Pc P r (1 P r) English Unit (4.39)
0.35
qc = 23660 D2 /L Pc0.61 P r0.25 (1 P r)


SI units (4.40)
where
qc = critical heat flux, Btu/h f t2 (W/m2 )
D = tube ID, ft (m)
L = tube length, ft(m)
Pr = reduced pressure in tube
Pc = critical pressure of fluid, psia (kPa)
For flow in horizontal tubes, the dimensionless correlation of Merilo is recommended by
Hewitt et al.
 0.511  1.27
qc L L v
= 575H0.34
(1 + Hin /)1.64 (4.41)
G D v
where 1.58  1.05  6.41
2L (L v ) gD2
 
GD L
H = (4.42)
L gc DL gc v
The correlation cover the ranges 5.3 D 19.1 mm, 700 G 8100 kg/sm2 , 13 L /v
21.

4.5 Film Boiling

4.5.1 Heat transfer coefficient
A combined heat-transfer coefficient, ht , for both convection and radiation can be calculated
from the following equation:
4/3 4/3 1/3
ht = hf b + hr ht (4.43)
For saturated film boiling on the outside of a single horizontal tube,
0.25
gv (L v ) Do3 ( + 0.76Cp,v Te )

hf b Do
= 0.62 (4.44)
kv kv v Te
Here, Do is the tube OD. hr is the radiative heat-transfer coefficient calculated from the
following equation:
SB (Tw4 Tsat
4
)
hr = (4.45)
Tw Tsat
where,
= emissivity of tube wall
SB = Stefan-Boltzmann constant
= 5.67 108 W/m2 K 4 = 1.714 109 Btu/h f t2 R4
If hr < hf b , Equation 4.43 can be approximated by the following explicit formula for ht :
ht = hf b + 0.75hr (4.46)

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University of Mumbai CHC603 Heat Exchanger Data Book

4.6 Design equations

4.6.1 Number of nozzles
For a tube bundle of length L and diameter Db , the number, Nn , of nozzle pairs (feed and
return) is determined from the following empirical equation,

L
Nn = (4.47)
5Db

4.6.2 Shell diameter

Vapour loading,
 0.5

VL = 2290v (4.48)
L v
where

VL = vapor loading (lbm/h f t3 )

v , L = vapor and liquid densities (lbm/f t3 )
= surface tension (dyne/cm)

The dome segment area, SA, is calculated from the vapour loading as follows:

m
V
SA = (4.49)
L VL
The segment area till semicircle is given by,

Ds2
SA = ( sin ) (4.50)
8  
1 2h
= 2 cos 1 (4.51)
Ds

where, Ds Shell ID and h is height of the segment. When segment exceeds semicircle the
segment area is area of circle minus area of segment whose height in the circle diameter minus
height of the given segment.

4.7 Frictional losses in pipe

4.7.1 Friction factor
Reynolds number
dv
NRe =

Friction factor in Laminar flow:

16
f=
NRe

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University of Mumbai CHC603 Heat Exchanger Data Book

Friction factor in turbulent flow:

A. For smooth pipe/tubes (Turbulent)
i) f = 0.046NRe 0.2 for 50000 < NRe < 1 106
0.125
ii) f = 0.0014 + for 3000 < NRe < 3 106
NRe 0.32
iii) von-Karman equation
1  p 
p = 2.5 ln NRe f /8 + 1.75
f /2
B. For Commercial pipes (Turbulent)

i) Colebrook equation  
1 D
= 2 log + 1.74
4f 2
ii) Generalised equation
0.2314
f = 0.3673NRe

4.7.2 Pressure drop in pipe

  2
L v
P = 4f
d 2

4.7.3 Maximum gas/vapour velocity in tubes

For plain carbon steel tube in English unit,
1800
vmax = (4.52)
PM
in SI units,
1440
vmax = (4.53)
PM
where,
vmax = maximum velocity, ft/s (m/s)
P = gas pressure, psia(kPa)
M = molecular weight of gas
Multiply equation (4.52) or (4.53) with 1.5 for stainless steel and 0.6 for copper tube.

4.7.4 Maximum velocity of liquids in tubes

i. Maximum recommended velocity of water in plain carbon steel tube is 10 ft/s (3 m/s).
ii. Multiply above value with 1.5 for stainless steel and 0.6 for copper tube.
p
iii. Multiply above value with the factor (water /liquid ) if liquid is other than water.

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University of Mumbai CHC603 Heat Exchanger Data Book

4.7.5 Maximum velocity of two-phase flow in tubes/pipe

English unit, s
4000
vmax = (4.54)
tp
SI unit, s
5924
vmax = (4.55)
tp

vmax = maximum velocity, ft/s (m/s)

tp = density of two-phase mixture, lbm/ft3 (kg/m3 )

4.8 Design of Vertical Thermosyphon Reboiler

Figure 4.1: Configuration of vertical thermosyphon reboiler system.

4.8.1 Pressure balance

G2in
 
Lin
PB PA = L (g/gc ) (zA zB ) 4f (4.56)
Din 2L
The subscript in refers to the inlet line to the reboiler.
G2t
 
LBC
PC PB = L (g/gc ) LBC 4f (4.57)
Dt 2L

41
University of Mumbai CHC603 Heat Exchanger Data Book

The subscript t in this equation refers to the reboiler tubes.

PD PC = Pstatic,CD Pf,CD Pacc,CD (4.58)

Pstatic,CD = tp (g/gc ) LCD (4.59)

LCD G2t 2LO
 
Pf,CD = 4f (4.60)
Dt 2L
2
G
Pacc,CD = t (4.61)
L

Fair recommends calculating tp at a vapour weight fraction equal to one-thirds the value at
the reboiler exit using equation (4.34). where,

(1 xe )2 L x2e
= + 1
1 v,e v v,e

In this equation, xe and v,e are the vapour mass fraction and the void fraction at the reboiler
exit.
Fair recommends calculating 2LO at a vapour weight fraction equal to two-thirds the value
at the reboiler exit.

(G2t G2ex ) ( + 1) 4fex Lex G2ex 2LO,ex

PA PD = (4.62)
L 2L Dex
In this equation, the subscript ex designates conditions in the exit line from the reboiler.
The relationship between the circulation rate and the exit vapour fraction in the reboiler
in SI units is,

1.234Dt5 L (g/gc ) (L LAC tp LCD )

2i =
m "  4 # (4.63)
Dt 1
2D ( + 1)

t

2
Dex nt



 5    5
Dt ft 2 + fex Lex 2

Dt

+ f in Lin + 2
LBC + L CD LO LO,ex


Din nt Dex

where,

mi = tube-side mass flow rate (kg/s)

nt = number of tubes in reboiler

4.8.2 Sensible heating zone

TC TB (T /L)
= (4.64)
PC PB (P/L)
Tsat TA
= (T /P )sat (4.65)
Psat PA

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University of Mumbai CHC603 Heat Exchanger Data Book

LBC (T /P )sat
= (4.66)
LBC + LCD (T /L)
(T /P )sat
(P/L)
The pressure gradient in the sensible heating zone is calculated as follows:

(P/L) = L (g/gc ) + Pf,BC /L (4.67)

The temperature gradient in the sensible heating zone is estimated as follows:

nt Do UD Tm
T /L = (4.68)
m
i CpL
Here, UD and Tm are the overall coefficient and mean driving force, respectively, for the
sensible heating zone.

4.8.3 Mist flow limit

Tube-side mass flux at onset of mist flow,

Gt,mist = 1.8 106 Xtt (lbm/h f t2 ) (4.69)

Gt,mist = 2.44 103 Xtt (kg/s m2 ) (4.70)

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 Part II

Data Sheet

45
1 Heat Exchanger Specification Sheet
2 Company:
3 Location:
4 Service of Unit:
5 Item No.: Prepared by:
6 Date: Rev No.: Job No.:
7 Size mm Type Connected in parallel series
8 Surf/unit(eff.) m2 Shells/unit Surf/shell (eff.) m2
9 PERFORMANCE OF ONE UNIT
10 Fluid allocation Shell Side Tube Side
11 Fluid name
12 Fluid quantity, Total kg/h
13 Vapor (In/Out) kg/h
14 Liquid kg/h
15 Noncondensable kg/h
16
17 Temperature (In/Out) C
18 Dew / Bubble point C
19 Density kg/m3
20 Viscosity cp
21 Molecular wt, Vap
22 Molecular wt, NC
23 Specific heat kJ/(kg*C)
24 Thermal conductivity W/(m*K)
25 Latent heat kJ/kg
26 Pressure mmH2O(g)
27 Velocity m/s
28 Pressure drop, allow./calc. mmH2O
29 Fouling resist. (min) m2*K/W
30 Heat exchanged kcal/h MTD corrected C
31 Transfer rate, Service Dirty Clean W/(m2*K)
32 CONSTRUCTION OF ONE SHELL Sketch
33 Shell Side Tube Side
34 Design/Test pressure kgf/cm2
35 Design temperature C
36 Number passes per shell
37 Corrosion allowance mm
38 Connections In
39 Size/rating Out
40 mm Intermediate
41 Tube No. OD Tks- avg mm Length mm Pitch mm
42 Tube type Material Tube pattern
43 Shell ID OD mm Shell cover
44 Channel or bonnet Channel cover
45 Tubesheet-stationary Tubesheet-floating
46 Floating head cover Impingement protection
47 Baffle-crossing Type Cut(%d) Spacing: c/c mm
48 Baffle-long Seal type Inlet mm
49 Supports-tube U-bend Type
50 Bypass seal Tube-tubesheet joint groove/expand
51 Expansion joint Type
52 RhoV2-Inlet nozzle Bundle entrance Bundle exit kg/(m*s2)
53 Gaskets - Shell side Tube Side
54 Floating head
55 Code requirements TEMA class
56 Weight/Shell Filled with water Bundle kg
57 Remarks
58
59
60
61
62
Company PLATE-AND-FRAME HEAT EXCHANGER Engineering contractor
DATA SHEET (SI UNITS)
PROCESS
PO No.: Doc. No.: Page 1 of

Customer: Vendor:
Project: Order/enq. No.:
Location: Model:
Item No.: Serial No.:
Service:

01 CASE HOT SIDE COLD SIDE

02 Fluid
03 Total flow (kg/s)
04 Flow per exchanger (kg/s)
05 Design temperature (max.) ( C)
06 Minimum design metal temp. ( C)
07 Design pressure [kPa (ga)]
08 Pressure drop allow./calc.- (kPa) / /
09 Wall temperature min./max. ( C) / /
10 Fouling margin a (%)
11 OPERATING DATA INLET OUTLET INLET OUTLET
12 Liquid flow (kg/s)
13 Vapour flow (kg/s)
14 Non-condensables flow (kg/s)
15 Operating temperature ( C)
16 Operating pressure [kPa (ga)]
17 LIQUID PROPERTIES
18 Density (kg/m3)
19 Specific heat capacity (kJ/kgK)
20 Dynamic viscosity (mPas)
21 Thermal conductivity (W/mK)
22 Surface tension (N/m)
23 VAPOUR PROPERTIES
24 Density (kg/m3)
25 Specific heat capacity (kJ/kgK)
26 Dynamic viscosity (mPas)
27 Thermal conductivity (W/mK)
28 Relative molecular mass (kg/kmol)
29 Relative molecular mass, (kg/kmol)
non-condensables
30 Dew point/bubble point ( C)
31 Solids maximum size (mm)
32 Solids concentration (% volume)
33 Latent heat (kJ/kg)
34 Critical pressure [kPa (abs)]
35 Critical temperature ( C)
36
37 Total heat exchanged (kW)
38 U a (W/m2K) Clean condition: Service:
39 LMTD ( C) /
40 Heat transfer area (m2)
41 Stream heat transfer coefficient (W/m2K)
a Fouling margin = [(U 100 % where U = Overall heat transfer coefficient (thermal transmittance).
clean /Uservice) 1]

Rev. No. Revision Date Prepared by Reviewed by