Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 6

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of a passive tank stabilizing system

with those of fin stabilizers.


Advantages-
Economy and less maintenance than fin stabilizers
Did not increase resistance of water flow as like as Stabilizers
Disadvantages-
Displacement increased due to maintain amount of water in tank
Loss of stability due to Free Surface Effect
Not as effective as fin stabilizers

Sketch a passive stabilizer tank within a vessel and describe the principle in
which it operates.

To create a natural frequency of water movement between two tanks similar to but in
the opposite direction to the natural roll of the ship

Show with the aid of your sketch in above why the loss of stability due to Free
Surface is considerably large with a passive stabilizer.
Radius of gyration
Outline when the International Safety management (ISM) Code is to be
implemented for different types of vessels.
1998/7/01- Passenger ships, tankers, chemical carriers
1998/7/01- Gas carriers & bulk carriers over 500 gt
2002/7/01- General cargo ships over 500 gt and offshore
2006/7/01- All ships over 150 gt, such as warships, ships <150 gt, non-propeleld craft,
wooden ships, yachts etc.

Explain the two main certificates that vessels will need to hold for compliance
with this ISM Code, and what verifications will be necessary for these certificates
to remain valid for the full five years of their duration?
Document of Compliance (DoC) & Safety Management Certificate (SMC).
Shore side management and the ship will be audited within five yearly period..

Explain the duties of the Designated Person in relation to the ISM Code.
Ensure safe operation of each ship
Provide a link between company and those onboard
Monitoring the safety and pollution prevention aspects
Ensuring that adequate resources and shore-based support are applied

Explain the interim arrangements for a new ship and a new company with
regard to the issue of the certificates to comply with the ISM Code, for how long
do these interims documents last?
Interim DOC valid for no more than 12 months, company require to demonstrate
plans to implement an SMS meeting the full requirement of the ISM Code within the
period of validity.
Interim SMC valid for not more than six months, may extend the validity for a further
six months. It may be issued to new ship on delivery, and when a Company takes the
responsibility for the management of that ship
Draw a typical stress strain graph for mild steel used in shipbuilding indicating
on your drawing the important points of the graph.

Should the elastic limit of mild steel use in shipbuilding be a large or small
proportion of its ultimate tensile strength? Give reason for your answer.
The elastic limit of mild steel must be a large proportion of its ultimate tensile
strength.

Explain the connection between the elastic limit of the steel used in ships
construction and the permitted stress limits granted to the ship by its
Classification Society.
Classification Societies can determine the maximum stress limits of the vessel in both
seagoing and harbour conditions, to ensure that the strength members of the vessel
will remain within their elastic limits and therefore return to their original shape when
the load is removed.
Describe the various stages of ship construction in a modern ship building yard.
1. Plate stock yard
2. Marshalling area and plate preparation
3. Plate and section marking and machining
4. Sub assemblies
5. Unit fabrication
6. Erection (Berth or Building Dock)

What are the advantages of building a ship in sections away from the building
berth?
More ships can be built in any given time frame
Providing a better finished article and less corrosion
Utilising use of an automatic welding machine
Shorter building period

Name at least five of the trials conducted during sea trials of a new building, and
outline how each one is conducted.
Speed trials over a range of engine power outputs
Various steering tests and manoeurving trials
Anchor & windlass tests
Main engine control tests
Emergency stopping trials

Indicate the difference between Class and Statutory Certificates of merchant


vessel.
Statutory surveys are the requirement of the flag state, although stemming from IMO
conventions.
Classification surveys are to determine whether or not the ship is a good risk for the
underwriter, it is to do with insurance of the hull and machinery, plus insurance of the
cargo carried in that hull.

Outline the choice a ship owner has in regard to the Class surveys of his vessel.
Owner has choice for Special survey or Continuous survey regard to the Certificates
of Class.
Special survey- periods in fact lasts for Four year, Classification Society must be
invited to inspect the vessel at least every year. Intermediate Survey
What do you understand by a Condition of Class certificate, when would you
expect on to be issued?
It is a notice to owner, underwriter and master that the ship does not meet one or more
of Classification Society requirements. Condition of Class certificate will have a time
frame in which the defect must be corrected within few months or until the next
docking.

Name the six Classification Societies that are approved survey authorities under
the Australian Navigation Act.
American Bureau of Shipping (ABS)
Bureau Veritas (BV)
Det Norske Veritas (DNV)
Germanischer Lloyd (GL)
Lloyds Register of Shipping (LR)
Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (NKK)

State the five basic rules of the Load Line requirements.


1. The ship is structurally adequate for its intended service
2. The ship has adequate stability for its intended service
3. The ships hull is watertight from keel to freeboard deck and weather tight above
the freeboard deck
4. The working area for the crew is high enough from the water surface to allow
safe movement on the exposed deck in heavy weather
5. The ship has enough reserve buoyancy above the waterline so that the vessel will
not be in danger of foundering or plunging when in very heavy weather

Explain how Type A and Type B vessels differ in regard to the Assignment of
Freeboard and identify what part of their deck arrangement makes this
difference possible.
Type A being for tankers and similar type vessels that have watertight openings on
deck.
Type B being for other types of ships, that are only weather-tight on deck.

Indicate where Position 1 and Position 2 are in relation to Loadline requirements


on the freeboard and superstructure decks of a vessel.
Position1- Upon exposed freeboard and raised quarter decks, and upon exposed
superstructure decks situated forward of a point located a quarter of the
ships length from the forward perpendicular
Position 2- Upon exposed superstructure decks situated abaft a quarter of the ships
length from the forward perpendicular

Position 2 2 2 1
1 1
FP

L/4

With the aid of sketches explain how steel hatch covers on a bulk carrier are
made weather tight.

Prior to closing a steel hatch cover what do you consider is one of the most
important checks to be made to ensure that the cover remains weathertight.

Explain the purpose of the drains and the non-return valves at the concerns of
the hatch coaming.

When, if ever, would it be necessary to close off the drains mentioned in above?

Explain the difference between Special Survey and Continuous Survey with
vessel classification requirements.

When would you be expected to hold a Provisional Certificate of Class?


Explain the job of the Salvage Association.

Outline briefly the roles of both the Classification Society and the Flag State
during the following: a) the ship building process. b) Once the ship is in service.

State the precautions that must be addressed on board prior to a) placing a ship
in dry dock. b) flooding the dock prior to refloating.

Вам также может понравиться