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During the Renaissance, from roughly the 14th to 16th century, there were
many advances in science, math, philosophy, and art. One of the most
monumental advances in art was the development of linear perspective.
Linear perspective uses principles of math to realistically portray space and
depth in art. Renaissance artists were largely concerned with painting
realistic scenes, and linear perspective gave them a reliable method to
accomplish this realism, which helped make their paintings all the more
captivating.
A common theme artists used during the Baroque period was divine figures
intervening on earth. These scenes were described as miraculous and were
intended to be emotionally persuasive to their viewers.
Along with millions of idealistic young men who were cut to pieces by
machine guns and obliterated by artillery shells, there was another major
casualty of World Wars: traditional ideas about art. The relations between art
and war can be articulated around two main issues. First, art (and, more
generally, culture) found itself at the centre of an ideological war. Second,
during World War II, many artists found themselves in the most difficult
conditions (in an occupied country, in internment camps, in death camps)
and their works are a testimony to a powerful urge to create. Such creative
impulse can be interpreted as the expression of self-preservation, a survival
instinct in critical times.
As a result of their close history, Indonesia and the Philippines also display
similar cultural characteristics, though less than of Malaysia. The people of
both nations share some similar lifestyles, such as the tradition with eating
with the hands and eating on banana leaves. Both countries also share
similar dishes, such as bakpia, or commonly known as "hopia" in the
Philippines, a Chinese-influenced pastry as well as the lumpia spring-roll.
Shah Jahan was the fifth ruler of the Mughal dynasty. During his third
regnal year, his favorite wife, known as Mumtaz Mahal, died due to
complications arising from the birth of their fourteenth child. Deeply
saddened, the emperor started planning the construction of a suitable,
permanent resting place for his beloved wife almost immediately. The result
of his efforts and resources was the creation of what was called the Luminous
Tomb in contemporary Mughal texts and is what the world knows today as
the Taj Mahal.
In general terms, Sunni Muslims favor a simple burial, under an open sky.
But notable domed mausolea for Mughals (as well as for other Central Asian
rulers) were built prior to Shah Jahans rule, so in this regard, the Taj is not
unique. The Taj is, however, exceptional for its monumental scale, stunning
gardens, lavish ornamentation, and its overt use of white marble.
Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal in Agra, where he took the throne in 1628.
First conquered by Muslim invaders in the eleventh century, the city had
been transformed into a flourishing area of trade during Shah Jahans rule.
Situated on the banks of the Yamuna River allowed for easy access to water,
and Agra soon earned the reputation as a riverfront garden city, on
account of its meticulously planned gardens, lush with flowering bushes and
fruit-bearing trees in the sixteenth century.
The following are some art forms during the Philippine Pre-colonial period:
1 MUSIC - the ancient Filipinos had music practically for all occasions, for
every phase of life, from birth to death. Some musical instruments were
Bamboo Zither, Gaddang and Kulintang.
2 ARCHITECTURE - the ancient Filipinos had first dwelt in caves and has
learned the art of architecture as they move and hunt for food. Some
architectures built were Tausog house, Torogan, Ifugao house BALE.
3 SCULPTURE - The ancient Filipinos had attained a high artistic level
through pottery, jewelry, and wood carving.
4 PAINTINGS - The ancient Filipinos had expressed paintings through
tattoos and cave carvings
5 CRAFTS
Balangay Paggiyod Galis
Pamiling
Sangka Agda
Kotkot
Batuk Ambahan Linoping
Bangat
Tosok Panika
Malong Kamagi