. ..

. -
-
:

..

ANSYS

2006
 -
: -
-
:

.. ANSYS
. -
. ,
2006, 101 .

,
ANSYS.
.
,
,
.

..

2

............................................................................................................................... 4
1. ............................................... 5
1.1. .............................................................................................. 5
1.2. ............................................................................ 12
1.4. ............................................................................................ 30
1.5 .......................................... 49
2. ................................................................................... 61
2.1. ................................................ 61
2.2. ....... 67
2.3. ..................................................................... 69
....................................................................................................................... 102

3



ANSYS.
() ,

,
() .

, ,
- . ,
, . ANSYS
.
.
,
,
. ,
ANSYS.
, , .
ANSYS 8.1., 10.0

4
 1.

1.1.

1.1.1.

&& &
[M] {u} + [] {u} + [K]{u} = {F}, (1)

&&} , {u& }
{u} , {u
, [K], [], [M] ,
, {F} .
[C] ,
,
, .
.
[] ,
[M] [K] ( )

[] = [M] + [K].

(1)
: , , .

1.1.2.

()
.
, , ,
. , .
,

5
, . ,
, .
, .

&&
[M] {u} + [K]{u} = {0}. (2)

{u} = {}i cos i t,(3)

{}i i- , () i-
, i i- ( ), t
.
(3) (2), :

( 2i [M ] + [K ]){}i = {0}.
(4)

, {}i = {0}
([K] 2 [M]) .
. (4).
n
2 {}, n , ..
.
i fi,
:
i
fi = .
2 (5)

6
 ,
,
. .
, (-)

{}Ti [M ]{} j = ij .
(6)

(4) (6)
K (K-)

{}Ti [K ]{} j = i2 ij .
(7)

1.1.3.

, (2), []
[K]C = [K] + [K]g, [K] , [K]g
,
( . [1, 2], ANSYS, Inc.
Theory Reference, Charter 3 Structures with Geometric Nonlinearities, 3.3 Stress Stiffening).
, , ,
,
. ,
.

. .

1.1.4.

( ).

7
 u} + [C]{u& } + [K ]{u} = {Fa },
[M ]{&& (8)

&&}
[M] , [C] , [K] , {u

, {u& } , {u}
, {Fa} .
,
, , , .
.
, :

{u} = {u max e i }e it ,

umax , i , = 2f
, f , t , ( ).
, umax .

. :

{u} = {u max (cos + i sin )}e it

{u} = ({u1} + i{u 2 })e it , (9)

{u1} = {umax cos } {u2} = {umax sin }

.
:

{F} = {Fmax ei }e it
8


{F} = {Fmax (cos + i sin )}e it ,

{F} = ({F1} + i{F2 })e it , (10)

Fmax , ( ), {F1} = {Fmax cos }

, {F2} = {Fmax sin } .
(9), (10) (8), :

( 2 [M ] + i[C] + [K ])({u1 } + i{u 2 })e it = ({F1} + i{F2 })e it . (11)

(eit) ,
:

([K ] 2 [M ] + i[C])({u1 } + i{u 2 }) = ({F1 } + i{F2 }). (12)

(12): ,
[3].
1.1.4.1. . (12)
.
1.1.4.2. .
, -
, [3]. ,
-.
-, , (12),
, .
9
 1.1.4.3. . ()

.

yi

n
{u} = {i } yi ,
i =1

n .
(8),

n n n
[M ]{i }&y&i + [C]{i } y& i + [ K ]{i } yi = {F}.
i =1 i =1 i =1

j- {j}T, :

n n n
{ j }T [M ]{ j }&y&i + { j }T [C]{ j } y&i + { j }T [K ]{ j } yi = { j }T {F}.
i =1 i =1 i =1 (13)

, K .
-, (13)
n :

y j + 2 j j y& j + 2j y j = f j ,
&&
(14)

yj , j j, j
( ) j, fj ,
, fj = {j}T {F}.
fj

10
 f j = f jc e i t ,

fjc , .
(14) , yj
, fj,

y j = y jc eit ,

yj j.
(14)

2 y jc e it + 2 j j (iy jc eit ) + 2j y jc eit = f jc eit .

it
yjc e , :

( 2 + i 2 j j + 2j ) y jc = f jc ,
(15)

, yjc

f jc
y jc = .
( 2j ) + i ( 2 j j )
2

, :

{C j } = { j } y jc ,

{Cj} j, {j} j- .
, ,

11
 n
{u } = {C j },
j =1

{uc}

1.2.

1.2.1. . .

:
1. .
2. , ,
.
3. .
4. .
.
1.
. , , :
,
. . ,
,
.
,
, .
( ), () .
( , , ) .
,
() .
.
() .

12
 2. ANTYPE, MODAL (
ANTYPE, 2), MODOPT, Method, NMODE,
FREQB, FREQE, PRMODE, Nrmkey, , ,
MXPAND, NMODE, FREQB, FREQE, Elcalc, SIGNIF.
[3]. (GUI
Graphic User Interface) ,
Solution (. 1.1). (. 1.1),
(. 1.1).

) )

13
 )
. 1.1. .

.
, , . 1.1.
1.1

.

.

( 40)
. ,
2- 3-

14
 . ,


.
,
50% ,


( 40)
. ,

.


Power Dynamics
( 20)
.
-
, , 105
.

.


( 10000
).
( 40)

- ,
-
.
15
 .
. ANSYS expand,
, . expansion
.
- .
expansion
. , expanding the modes
,
. , ,
.
Lumped mass matrix ,
, ,
.
Incl prestress effects
. .
,
().
, , ,
, . , ,

.
Load Step Opts
(): (. 1.2).

16
 . 1.2. .

Solve\Current LS (. 1.3).

. 1.3. .

1.2.2.

.

File\Read Input From.
ANSYS
Cyl_model.txt. - .
! ,
! ( )
!

L=0.4 !
R=0.15 !
h=0.001 !

!
E=2E+011 !
v=0.3 !
ro=7800 !

/PREP7 !

ET,1,SHELL63 !

17
 R,1,h, , , , , , ! : h
RMORE, , , ,
RMORE
RMORE, ,

MPTEMP,,,,,,,, !
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,E
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,v
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,DENS,1,,ro

!
FLST,2,2,8
FITEM,2,0,0,0
FITEM,2,R,0,0
CIRCLE,P51X, , , ,360, ,! R

K, ,,,, !
""
K, ,,,L,

LSTR, 5, 6 !
""

FLST,2,4,4,ORDE,2
FITEM,2,1
FITEM,2,-4

18
 ADRAG,P51X, , , , , , 5 !

LESIZE, 7, , ,30, , , , ,0 !
LESIZE, 1, , ,25, , , , ,0 !
LESIZE, 2, , ,25, , , , ,0
LESIZE, 3, , ,25, , , , ,0
LESIZE, 4, , ,25, , , , ,0

MSHAPE,0,2D !
MSHKEY,1

AMESH,1 !
AMESH,2
AMESH,3
AMESH,4

FLST,2,8,4,ORDE,6
FITEM,2,1
FITEM,2,-4
FITEM,2,6
FITEM,2,9
FITEM,2,11
FITEM,2,13
/GO
DL,P51X, ,ALL, !
FINISH !

(. 1.4), -
(. 1.4) (. 1.4).

19
 )

. 1.4.
, Cyl_mod.txt.
Cyl_mod.txt.
/SOL ! SOLUTION
20
 ANTYPE,2 ! -
MSAVE,0
MODOPT,LANB,6 ! , 6
EQSLV,SPAR ! . -
! (SPAR)
MXPAND,6, , ,0 !"" 6
LUMPM,0
PSTRES,0 !
MODOPT,LANB,6,0,0, ,OFF

SOLVE !
FINISH ! SOLUTION

1.3.2.1. .
General Postprocessor (. 1.5).

. 1.5. .
Results Summary ,
(. 1.6).

21
 . 1.6. .
, ,
.

Read Results (. 1.7).

. 1.7.

.

. . 1.8 .

22
 . 1.8. .

, ,
. . 1.9
, . 1.9 , . 1.9
.

23
 )

)
. 1.9. .

1.3.3.
()

. ,
.

.
. -,
(ANTYPE, STATIC). Solution Control

24
 Calculate prestress effects (.
1.10).

. 1.10. .

,
. , (. 1.11).
HE, EF, FG, GH, UZ = 0.
, E, G UY = 0,
F UX = 0. AB, BC, CD DA p = 200 000 /,
Z.
z = 200 .

25
 . 11.
.
,
, ,
(. 12).

. 12. .

Cyl_pstress_modal.txt .
, .
1.3.2.

! ,
!
!, -

! -
/SOLU ! SOLUTION
ANTYPE,0 ! -

26
 PSTRES,1 !

!
!
FLST,2,4,4,ORDE,2
FITEM,2,1
FITEM,2,-4
/GO
DL,P51X, ,UZ,0 ! ""

!
!
!
FLST,2,2,3,ORDE,2
FITEM,2,1
FITEM,2,3
/GO
DK,P51X, ,0, ,0,UY, , , , , , ! Y

FLST,2,1,3,ORDE,1
FITEM,2,2
/GO
DK,P51X, ,0, ,0,UX, , , , , , ! X

FLST,2,4,4,ORDE,4
FITEM,2,6
FITEM,2,9
FITEM,2,11
FITEM,2,13
/GO
SFL,P51X,PRES,-200000, ! ( )
27
 !""

SOLVE !
FINISH !

! -

/SOL ! SOLUTION
ANTYPE,2 ! -
MSAVE,0
MODOPT,LANB,6 ! , 6

EQSLV,SPAR
MXPAND,6, , ,0 !"" 6
LUMPM,0
PSTRES,1
MODOPT,LANB,6,0,0, ,OFF !

LSCLEAR,ALL !
!

FLST,2,8,4,ORDE,6
FITEM,2,1
FITEM,2,-4
FITEM,2,6
FITEM,2,9
FITEM,2,11
FITEM,2,13
/GO

28
 DL,P51X, ,ALL,0 ! -

SOLVE !
FINISH ! SOLUTION

. 1.13.

. 1.13. .

, 7%
. ,
7,7% (. 1.14).

29
 . 1.14. .

1.4.

1.4.1.

ANSYS :
, . ,

(Transient Dynamic Analysis),
.
.
1.4.1.1. . :
, -
, ;
,
;
, ;
;
: , ,
() ( ).
,
, .
JCG- ICCG- .
1.4.1.2. . ,
- .
- , .
:
, ;
.
:

30
 - ;
;
-
, :
(, ..)
1.4.1.3. .
( ) ,
. :
;
, ,
LVSCALE
( , Power Dynamics);
,
, ;
;
(
).

.
, :

;
, ;
(, ) ;
( ), ()
;
, , .
,
(transient dynamic analysis), .
,
.

31

.

1.4.2.

(Harmonic 3) (. 1.15).

. 1.15. .

Analysis Option (. 1.16),

(, )
(+ +).

. 1.16.

32
 1.4.3.

1.4.3.1. .
, , ,
().
, : ,
.
,
. 1.17.

. 1.17.

(. 1.18, ). ,
. . 1.18
, . 1.18
.

33
 )

. 1.18. .

:
(HARFRQ) (. 1.19);
(. 1.20).

. 1.19.

34
 . 1.20. .

,
.
( ) :
Alpha Damping (ALPHAD) ,
, ;
Beta Damping (BETAD) ,
, ;
Constant Damping Ratio (DMPRAT) ,
, ( )
;
Material Dependent Damping Multiplier (MP,DAMP) ,
, ;
Constant Material Damping Coefficient (MP,DMPR) ,
, .
( )
, .

.
[2,4].
VM86, VM87 VM88 Verification Manual [3].
, .
Cyl_model.txt.
Cyl_Harmic.txt

! -

/SOLU ! SOLUTION
ANTYPE,3 ! -
HROPT,FULL !

35
HROUT,OFF !OFF - /
LUMPM,0
EQSLV,FRONT,1e-008,
PSTRES,0 !

FLST,2,8,4,ORDE,6
FITEM,2,1
FITEM,2,-4
FITEM,2,6
FITEM,2,9
FITEM,2,11
FITEM,2,13
/GO

DL,P51X, ,ALL, !

FLST,2,1,1,ORDE,1
FITEM,2,96
/GO

F,P51X,FX,1, ! 96

HARFRQ,520,780, ! 520 780

NSUBST,25, !25
KBC,0

ALPHAD,0,
BETAD,0,
DMPRAT,0.01, ! 1%

SOLVE

36
 FINISH

.

POST26.
.
POST26
() , . 1.21.
, , .. ,
().
, .
.

. 1.21. ()

FREQ, , ,
. UX
96 ( UX_2, ).
, . 1.21,
(. 1.22) (. 1.22) ,
(. 1.22) (. 1.22) .

37
 )

38
 )

. 1.22. - .
.

, -
. .
712 740 10 .
, , !

HARFRQ,712,740, ! 712 740

NSUBST,10, !10

, . 1.22,
(. 1.23).

39
 )

40
 )

. 1.23. - .
.

POST1,
. Result Summary
(.
1.24). , 2 ,
. ,
By Pick, By Time/Freq, By Set Number (.
.1.7).

41
 . 1.24.

734 ,
UX
(. 1.25, ).

42
 )

. 1.25. UX 734

,
.

1.4.4. .

.
:
.
.
.
.
.
, . .
1.4.4.1. .
:

43
 : ,
, , PowerDynamics QR damped;
unsymmetric damped ;
, ;
PowerDynamics, ;
PowerDynamics ,
LVSCALE ;
-
,
;
QR damped ,
(ALPHAD, BETAD, MP,
DAMP, , ),

( ANSYS ,
).
( ) (DMPRAT),
(MP, DMPR)
(MDAMP);

(, , ..),
. ANSYS ,
(load vector)
(Jobname MODE).
. ,
, , :

.
SURF153 SURF154;

44

. ,
;
.
1.4.4.2. .
.
. , , :
, .
. ,
50% ;
(HROUT )

,
.
- .
:
,
, .
LVSCALE ( . 1.26 ,
, , 10 ).

. 1.26.

. , .
, (MDAMP).
NSUBST ,
(HROUT). ,

45
 2 20. , ,
.

(MODOPT, LANB SUBSP),
OUTRES, NSOL,
Jobname.RFRQ. ,
.RFRQ-.
, , -, OUTRES, NSOL, NONE, -
, OUTRES, NSOL, ALL, component.
OUTRES ,
.RFRQ-.
(SAVE) .
(SOLVE).
(
).
(POST26), .
SOLUTION (FINISH).
, ,
Jobname.RFRQ, ,
( , , PowerDynamics QR
damped) .
.
SOLUTION , , ExpansionPass (.1. 27).
Load Step Opts ExpansionPass. Range
of Solus (. 1.27).

46
 ) )
. 1.27.

(. 1.28) ALL

. 1.28.

1.4.4.3. .
, .
- .
1.4.4.4. .
.
Cyl_model.txt.
Cyl_mod_Harmon.txt.

47
ANTYPE,2 ! -
MSAVE,0
MODOPT,LANB,30 ! , 30
EQSLV,SPAR ! . -
! (SPAR)
MXPAND,30, , ,0 !"" 30
LUMPM,0
PSTRES,0 !
MODOPT,LANB,30,0,0, ,OFF

FLST,2,8,4,ORDE,6
FITEM,2,1
FITEM,2,-4
FITEM,2,6
FITEM,2,9
FITEM,2,11
FITEM,2,13
/GO
DL,P51X, ,ALL, !

FLST,2,1,1,ORDE,1
FITEM,2,96
/GO
F,P51X,FX,1, ! 96

ALPHAD,0,
BETAD,0,
DMPRAT,0.01, ! 1%
SOLVE !
FINISH ! SOLUTION

48

Cyl_MSM_Harmon.txt

/SOLU ! SOLUTION
ANTYPE,3 ! -
HROPT,MSUP !
HROUT,OFF !
LUMPM,0
HROPT,MSUP,30,1, ! , 1 30
HROUT,OFF,ON,1 !
!OFF - /
!ON - -
!
!1-
HARFRQ,500,1200, ! 500 1200
NSUBST,10, !
KBC,0
SOLVE
FINISH

/SOL
EXPASS,1 !""
NUMEXP,all,0,0,1 !
HREXP,ALL,
SOLVE
FINISH

1.5

:
49
 , ,
( ),
.
, ,
.

[5].
- , -,

.
;
, , ..
(, )
.
,
,
.
,
.
.
: ,
, .
.
.1.29 [5]:

50
 .1.29.

m, k
c. ,
, ,
.

.
:

;

;
.
COMBIN14,
,
( MASS21).
:

= k m , (16)

51
 - ,

, k- (
k COMBIN14), m - ( MASS21).
, P
K
( P ), (16).
COMBIN14 (C V )1 ,

(C V )2 .

BEAM188.
(.1.2).
1.2

1 2 3 4 5

262,7 455,6 742,2 1229 1248

,
. ,

(.1.30, .1.31). . 1.30
.

.1.30 1.31.

52
 .

(- ),
(C V )1 ,

(.1.32):

2,50E-04

2,00E-04
CV1=0
,

1,50E-04

CV1=50
1,00E-04

CV1=100

5,00E-05
CV1=500
CV1=200

0,00E+00
260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268
,

.1.32 -
.

. 1.32 (C V )1 =0 . ,

.
.
()
MS Exel (
).

53

.

k = 5000 , k 2 = 25000 , k 3 = 50000
1

(C V )1 =0 (. 1.33) (C V )1 =200 / (. 1.34).

1,20E-03

1,00E-03

k=25000
8,00E-04
,

6,00E-04 k=10000

4,00E-04 k=5000

2,00E-04

0,00E+00
260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268

-2,00E-04
,

. 1.33 -
( (
C V
)1 =0).

54
 2,50E-05
k=50000

2,00E-05

1,50E-05 k=25000

k=5000
1,00E-05

5,00E-06

0,00E+00
260 262 264 266 268
,

. 1.34 -
( ( C V
)1 =200 /).

. ,
. .1.35 ,

.
.

55
 3,00E-05

2,50E-05 350

2,00E-05
264
,

1,50E-05

1,00E-05 262,733 (.)

5,00E-06

0,00E+00
260 265 270 275 280
,

.1.35 -

.
/PREP7
ET,1,BEAM188 !
MPTEMP,,,,,,,, !
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,2e11
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.3
MPDATA,DENS,1,,7800
SECTYPE, 1, BEAM, RECT, , 0 !
SECOFFSET, CENT
SECDATA,0.05,0.09,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0

FLST,3,2,8 !
56
FITEM,3,0,0,0
FITEM,3,0,1,0
K, ,P51X

FLST,3,1,8
FITEM,3,1,0,0
K, ,P51X

LSTR, 1, 3 !
ESIZE,,10 !
LMESH, 1 !
/CFORMAT,32,0
FINISH !

/SOL !

FLST,2,1,3,ORDE,1 ! ()
FITEM,2,1
/GO
DK,P51X, ,0, ,0,ALL, , , , , ,

FLST,2,1,3,ORDE,1
FITEM,2,3
/GO
DK,P51X, ,0, ,0,ALL, , , , , ,

ANTYPE,2 !
MSAVE,0
MODOPT,LANB,6 ! 6
EQSLV,SPAR
MXPAND,6, , ,0
57
LUMPM,0
PSTRES,0
MODOPT,LANB,6

SOLVE !

FINISH

/PREP7 !
ET,2,COMBIN14,,,2 !
ET,3,MASS21,,,4 !
*GET,FREQ,MODE,1,FREQ ! 1 FREQ
*SET,M
*SET,K,50000 !
M=K/(FREQ*FREQ) !
R,2,K,700 !
R,3,M
TYPE,2
REAL,2
N,99,0.5,0.1 !
E,7,99 !
D,99,UY
TYPE,3
REAL,3
E,99 !
M,99,UY
/FINI
/SOLU !
ANTYPE,3 ! ,
!
FLST,2,1,1,ORDE,1
58
FITEM,2,7
F,P51X,FY,50,
HARFRQ,260,280, !
NSUBST,50,
KBC,0

SOLVE !
FINISH

/POST1
RSYS,1
SET,1,1
PLNSOL,U,SUM

/POST26
FILE,'tmp_work_file','rst','.'
/UI,COLL,1
NUMVAR,200
SOLU,191,NCMIT
STORE,MERGE
! PLCPLX,0
! PRCPLX,1
FILLDATA,191,,,,1,1
REALVAR,191,191
!*
NSOL,2,7,U,Y, UY_2
STORE,MERGE

59
60
 2.

2.1.

2.1.1. ANSYS

. ,
, .
. -,
, ,
. -, .
, . ,
, .
2.1.1.1. : rigid-to-flexible flexible-to-flexible.
: (rigid-
to-flexible) (flexible-to-flexible).
,
, (, ),
(
). ,
, .
2.1.1.2. : , , .
ANSYS ,
.
ANSYS.
( ) .
2.1.1.3. . ANSYS

: rigid-to-flexible flexible-to-flexible.
(target surface) (contact
surface). :

61
 TARGE169 TARGE170 ( 2D
3D );
CONTA171, CONTA172, CONTA173
CONTA174.
,
, , ().

CONTA175.
:

;
, ;
.
, ( ).
.
, ,
. , ,
.

2.1.2. - .

ANSYS
(Contact Wizard).
.
.
.

.
:
- () ;
;

62
 , ;
;
;
;
;
.
2.1.2.1. . ,
.
( ) (
). , ,
,
.
(
) .
. .
: (contact) (target)
.
. ,
.

, . flexible-to-flexible
.
, ,
. :
,
;

;
,
;

63
 ,
,
( 3D-
,
);
, ,
, () .
.
,
.
, .
,
(, ).
:
;
.

, .
,
,
.
.
2.1.2.2. .
. ANSYS
:
STAT = 0 ;
STAT = 1 ;
STAT = 2 ();
STAT = 3 , .
, ,
( , )

64
 ( )
. pinball region
, . Pinball region (
2D) ( 3D) . pinball region
, GUI, .
2.1.2.3. .
KEYOPT(12).
:
KEYOPT(12) = 0 .
;
KEYOPT(12) = 1
.
MU;
KEYOPT(12) = 2 (no separation),
( )
, ;
KEYOPT(12) = 3 (bonded) ,
,
;
KEYOPT(12) = 4 ,
, ,
,
( );
KEYOPT(12) = 5 ,
, ,
,
( );
KEYOPT(12) = 6 (bonded) ,
, ,
, ,
, .

65
 2.1.2.4. .
ANSYS .
2 (KEYOPT(2)):
(penalty) (KEYOPT(2) = 1);
(augmented Lagrangian) ( ) (KEYOPT(2) =
0);

(KEYOPT(2) = 3);

(KEYOPT(2) = 4);
(MPC) (KEYOPT(2) = 2).
2.1.2.5. ,
. ,
, ,
, .
.
. :
,
, ;
, (gaps),
, ,
.

.
,
. , ,
. ,
,
CNCHECK . ,
.

66
 ANSYS
. .
.

2.2.

2.2.1.

,
(. 2.1).

)
. 2.1.

. 2.1. ,
.
(. 2.2). (.
2.2) , : ,
. (. 2.2)

67
 : ( ),
. (. 2.2)
Contact.

) )
. 2.2. .

, MainMenu
(Preprocessor, Postprocessor).
(. 2.3).

. 2.3. .

68
 ,
. (.
2.4). ,
.
Initial Adjustment ( )
(. 2.4).

) )
. 2.4.

, , , ,
, .
. -
,
.
MM\Solution\Analysis Options ( UnAbridged Menu),
Full N-R unsymm.

2.3.

2.3.1.

,
. . -
. . 2.5.
69
 ,
. .

. 2.5.

twobricks.txt .
!
!
!

!a1=10 !
b1=10
a2=5 !
b2=2
E=2e11 !
nu=0.3
P=500 !

/prep7 !

et,1,plane42 !
mp,ex,1,E !
mp,nuxy,1,nu

70
k,1,,, !
k,2,a1,
k,3,a1,b1,
k,4,a2+1,b1
k,5,,b1
l,1,2 !
l,2,3
l,3,4
l,4,5
l,5,1
al,1,2,3,4,5 ! 1
rectng,0,a2,b1,b1+b2 !2
fk,9,fy,-P !
dl,1,1,all, !
dl,5,1,ux !
dl,9,2,ux

lesize,1,0.5,, !
lesize,2,0.5,,
lesize,3,0.5,,
lesize,4,0.5,,
lesize,5,0.5,,
lccat,3,4 ! ( )
mshkey,1
amesh,1 !
lesize,6,,,12 !
lesize,8,,,12
lesize,7,,,5,
lesize,9,,,5,
amesh,2 !

! number of elements 460

71
 et,2,169 !
et,3,172
lsel,s,,,4 !
cm,_target,line
type,2
nsll,s,1
esln,s,0
esurf,all
lsel,s,,,6 !
cm,_contact,line
type,3
nsll,s,1
esln,s,0
esurf,all
allsel

finish !
/solu
solve !

finish

. 2.6. ,
.

72
 . 2.6. :
y. .

, .. KEYOPT(12)=0 .
KEYOPT(12)=1 ( ),
. . 2.7
.

. 2.7. . .

73
 , .

2.3.2.

.
.
100 .
1/4 (. 2.8).
,
(refine) .
(. 2.9).
, .
.
,
( 20% ).

. 2.8.

74
 . 2.9.

CNCHECK. (. .2.1,) .
*** NOTE *** CP= 60.197
TIME= 23:57:18
Rigid-deformable contact pair identified by real constant set
3 and
contact element type 3 has been set up. Please verify
constraints on
target nodes which may be automatically fixed by ANSYS.
Contact algorithm: Augmented Lagrange method
Contact detection at: Gauss integration point
Contact stiffness factor FKN 1.0000
The resulting contact stiffness 0.35180E+14
Penetration tolerance factor FTOLN 0.10000
The resulting penetration tolerance 0.11370E-01
Frictionless contact pair is defined
Update contact stiffness for each sub-load step
75
 Average contact surface length 0.14749
Average contact pair depth 0.11370
Default pinball region factor PINB 1.5000
The resulting pinball region 0.17055
*WARNING*: Initial penetration is included.

*** NOTE *** CP= 60.197

TIME= 23:57:18

Min. Initial gap 5.668105958E-05 was detected between

contact element
677 and target element 647.
You may move entire target surface by: x= -5.518465781E-07,
y=
5.667784722E-05, z= -2.441631292E-07, to bring it in contact.
****************************************

*** WARNING *** CP= 60.197

TIME= 23:57:18
All selected contact pairs are initially open. Rigid body
motion can
occur. You may use auto CNOF/ICONT by setting KEYOPT(5) to
close
small gaps.

1 CONTACT PAIR IS SELECTED

CONTACT PAIR HAVING REAL ID = 3 IS INITIALLY OPEN
, , .
,
, , .
, . 2.10.

76
 . 2.10.

CNCHECK , .
.
*** NOTE *** CP= 63.441 TIME=
00:08:53

Min. Initial gap 5.668105958E-05 was detected between

contact element
677 and target element 647.
The gap is closed due to initial adjustment.
****************************************

1 CONTACT PAIR IS SELECTED

CONTACT PAIR HAVING REAL ID = 3 IS INITIALLY OPEN
BUT MAY BE AUTOMATICALLY CLOSED

77
 4 . . 2.11.
y . 2.11, .
2.11.

. 2.11.

78
 , ,
.
Hertz.txt .
! 3D
!
!
!
/PREP7
ET,1,SOLID95 !
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,2e11 !
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.3

SPH4, , ,1 ! :
VSBW, 1 ! ()
VDELE, 2, , ,1 !
wpro,,90.000000, ! 90 Z
VSBW, 3 !
VDELE, 1, , ,1 !
wpro,,90.000000, !
wpro,,,90.000000 !
VSBW, 2 !
!WPSTYLE,,,,,,,,0
VDELE, 3, , ,1 !
!WPSTYLE,,,,,,,,1
wpro,,90.000000,
wpoff,,,-1 !
RECTNG,-0.5,0.5,-0.5,0.5, ! -
!WPSTYLE,,,,,,,,0
MSHAPE,1,3D !
MSHKEY,0
79
VMESH,1 !
!
FLST,5,1,3,ORDE,1
FITEM,5,5
CM,_Y,KP
KSEL, , , ,P51X
CM,_Y1,KP
CMSEL,S,_Y
CMDELE,_Y
KREFINE,_Y1, , ,1,1,1,1 !1-
CMDELE,_Y1
FLST,5,1,3,ORDE,1
FITEM,5,5
CM,_Y,KP
KSEL, , , ,P51X
CM,_Y1,KP
CMSEL,S,_Y
CMDELE,_Y
KREFINE,_Y1, , ,1,1,1,1 !2-
CMDELE,_Y1
FLST,5,1,3,ORDE,1
FITEM,5,5
CM,_Y,KP
KSEL, , , ,P51X
CM,_Y1,KP
CMSEL,S,_Y
CMDELE,_Y
KREFINE,_Y1, , ,1,1,1,1 !3-
CMDELE,_Y1
FLST,5,1,3,ORDE,1
FITEM,5,5
CM,_Y,KP
80
 KSEL, , , ,P51X
CM,_Y1,KP
CMSEL,S,_Y
CMDELE,_Y
KREFINE,_Y1, , ,1,1,1,1 !4-
CMDELE,_Y1
!

!
CM,_NODECM,NODE
CM,_ELEMCM,ELEM
CM,_KPCM,KP
CM,_LINECM,LINE
CM,_AREACM,AREA
CM,_VOLUCM,VOLU
MP,MU,1,
MAT,1
MP,EMIS,1,7.88860905221e-031
R,3
REAL,3
ET,2,170
ET,3,174
R,3,,,1.0,0.1,0,
RMORE,,,1.0E20,0.0,1.0,
RMORE,0.0,0,1.0,,1.0,0.5
RMORE,0,1.0,1.0,0.0,,1.0
KEYOPT,3,4,0
KEYOPT,3,5,0 !
1
KEYOPT,3,7,0
KEYOPT,3,8,0
KEYOPT,3,9,0
81
KEYOPT,3,10,1
KEYOPT,3,11,0
KEYOPT,3,12,0
KEYOPT,3,2,0
KEYOPT,2,1,0
KEYOPT,2,2,0
KEYOPT,2,3,0
KEYOPT,2,5,0
ASEL,S,,,2
CM,_TARGET,AREA
AATT,-1,3,2,-1
TYPE,2
AMESH,ALL
ASEL,S,,,3
CM,_CONTACT,AREA
TYPE,3
NSLA,S,1
ESLN,S,0
ESURF
*SET,_REALID,3
ALLSEL
ESEL,ALL
ESEL,S,TYPE,,2
ESEL,A,TYPE,,3
ESEL,R,REAL,,3
ASEL,S,REAL,,3
ALLSEL,ALL

!
FLST,2,2,5,ORDE,2
FITEM,2,5
FITEM,2,-6
82
 DA,P51X,SYMM

!
FLST,2,1,5,ORDE,1
FITEM,2,1
/GO
SFA,P51X,1,PRES,100000000
ALLSEL,ALL

FINISH

2.3.3.

(
).
.
( 2108 , 21010 )
.
:
KEYOPT,3,5,1 !

TB,BISO,1,1,2, !

TBTEMP,0
TBDATA,,2e8,2e10,,,, !

NLGEOM,1 !

. 2.12 .

83
 . 2.12.

33 ,
. . 2.13.

. 2.13.

. 2.14: ) y, )
( ),) .

84
 )

85
 )

. 2.14.

2.3.4. .

-
.
Posadka.txt
.
!

!
Rv=0.03 !
Rd=0.1 !
Hd=0.01 !
Hv=0.04 !
/PREP7

ET,1,PLANE82 !
86
KEYOPT,1,3,1
KEYOPT,1,5,0
KEYOPT,1,6,0
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0

MPDATA,EX,1,,2e11 !
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.3
MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
UIMP,1,REFT,,,
MPDATA,ALPX,1,,1.2e-5

RECTNG,Rv+0.7e-4,Rd+0.24e-3,0,Hd, !
RECTNG,0,Rv+0.7e-4,,Hd+0.001, !
RECTNG,0,Rv+0.7e-4,Hd+0.001,Hv, !

!
LESIZE, 1, , ,20,4, , , ,0
LESIZE, 3, , ,20,1/4, , , ,0
LESIZE, 2, , ,10,1/4, , , ,0
LESIZE, 4, , ,10,4, , , ,0
LESIZE, 5, , ,5, , , , ,0
LESIZE, 9, , ,5, , , , ,0
LESIZE, 8, , ,5, , , , ,0
LESIZE,12, , ,7, , , , ,0
MSHAPE,0,2D
MSHKEY,1
AMESH, 1
AMESH, 2
AMESH, 3

87
!
FLST,5,2,5,ORDE,2
FITEM,5,2
FITEM,5,-3
ASEL,S, , ,P51X
ALLSEL,BELOW,AREA

NUMMRG,NODE, , , ,LOW !
ALLSEL,ALL

DL, 1, ,SYMM !
DL, 5, ,SYMM
DL, 8, ,SYMM
DL,12, ,SYMM

BFA,1,TEMP,-200 ! -200
!
CM,_NODECM,NODE
CM,_ELEMCM,ELEM
CM,_KPCM,KP
CM,_LINECM,LINE
CM,_AREACM,AREA
CM,_VOLUCM,VOLU
MP,MU,1,
MAT,1
R,3
REAL,3
ET,2,169
ET,3,172
KEYOPT,3,9,0
KEYOPT,3,10,1
R,3,
88
RMORE,
RMORE,,0
RMORE,0
LSEL,S,,,6
CM,_TARGET,LINE
TYPE,2
NSLL,S,1
ESLN,S,0
ESURF
CMSEL,S,_ELEMCM
LSEL,S,,,4
CM,_CONTACT,LINE
TYPE,3
NSLL,S,1
ESLN,S,0
ESURF
ALLSEL
ESEL,ALL
ESEL,S,TYPE,,2
ESEL,A,TYPE,,3
ESEL,R,REAL,,3
ESEL,ALL
ESEL,S,TYPE,,2
ESEL,A,TYPE,,3
ESEL,R,REAL,,3
CMSEL,A,_NODECM
CMDEL,_NODECM
CMSEL,A,_ELEMCM
CMDEL,_ELEMCM
CMSEL,S,_KPCM
CMDEL,_KPCM
CMSEL,S,_LINECM
89
 CMDEL,_LINECM
CMSEL,S,_AREACM
CMDEL,_AREACM
CMSEL,S,_VOLUCM
CMDEL,_VOLUCM
CMDEL,_TARGET
CMDEL,_CONTACT
FINISH
/SOL !
SOLVE
FINISH

,
(- , )
. 2.15

) -

90
 )

)
. 2.15.

91
 2.3.5.

,
, . ,
,
, ( )
.
:
x(r , ) = r cos( ),
y (r , ) = r sin( ),
z (r , ) = d sin( n ),
r, ,
n ,
d ( , ).
: n = 8, d = 0.6

. 2.16.

. 2.16. .

,
Maple ( ).
AnSys.
,
, .
. ,

92
 .
.

. 2.17. ( ) .

. 4
SHELL181.

. 3. .

, .

. 2.18. -
0.8
( 2).
2.1:

93
 . 2.1

E (/2 ) 130 000
0.335
() 1 250

() 1 370

,
,
1.0 .
. 2.19
. 2. ,
,
. , ,
(~6200 ) t=0.2.

.
.

94
 .2.19. . .

. 2.20 -
. ,
.

95
 . 2.20 -

.
,
.
/PREP7 !

ET,1,SHELL181

wpro,,-90.000000,
wpro,,-90.000000,
R,1,0.8, , , , , ,
RMORE, , , , , , ,

MPTEMP,,,,,,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,1.3e5
96
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.335

!
K, ,16.18295713, -3.218990315, -.6000000000,
K, ,16.30796492, -2.510035872, -.5638155726,
K, ,16.40192958, -1.796303436, -.4596266659,
K, ,16.46467223, -1.079151632, -.3000000000,
K, ,16.49607345, -.3599456030, -.1041889066,
K, ,16.49607345, .3599456030, .1041889066,
K, ,16.46467223, 1.079151632, .3000000000,
K, ,16.40192958, 1.796303436, .4596266659,
K, ,16.30796492, 2.510035872, .5638155726,
K, ,16.18295713, 3.218990315, .6000000000

!
K, ,20.59649089, -4.096896764, -.6000000000,
K, ,20.75559172, -3.194591110, -.5638155726,
K, ,20.87518310, -2.286204373, -.4596266659,
K, ,20.95503739, -1.373465714, -.3000000000,
K, ,20.99500257, -.4581125856, -.1041889066,
K, ,20.99500257, .4581125856, .1041889066,
K, ,20.95503739, 1.373465714, .3000000000,
K, ,20.87518310, 2.286204373, .4596266659,
K, ,20.75559172, 3.194591110, .5638155726,
K, ,20.59649089, 4.096896764, .6000000000

!
FLST,3,10,3
FITEM,3,1
FITEM,3,2
97
 FITEM,3,3
FITEM,3,4
FITEM,3,5
FITEM,3,6
FITEM,3,7
FITEM,3,8
FITEM,3,9
FITEM,3,10
BSPLIN, ,P51X, , , , ,-0.1950903221, -0.9807852804, 0 , -
0.1950903221, 0.9807852804 , 0,

FLST,3,10,3
FITEM,3,11
FITEM,3,12
FITEM,3,13
FITEM,3,14
FITEM,3,15
FITEM,3,16
FITEM,3,17
FITEM,3,18
FITEM,3,19
FITEM,3,20
BSPLIN, ,P51X, , , , ,-0.1950903221, -0.9807852804, 0 , -
0.1950903221, 0.9807852804 , 0,

GPLOT
!
LSTR, 20, 10
LSTR, 11, 1

FLST,2,4,4

98
FITEM,2,3
FITEM,2,2
FITEM,2,4
FITEM,2,1
AL,P51X

wpro,,90.000000,

ASBW, 1

!
LESIZE, 4, , ,5, , , , ,0
LESIZE, 5, , ,5, , , , ,0
LESIZE, 8, , ,5, , , , ,0

MSHAPE,0,2D
MSHKEY,1
AMESH, 3
AMESH, 2

!
K, ,15 ,-5 ,-0.6, !
K, ,15 , 5 ,-0.6
K, ,25 , 5 ,-0.6
K, ,25 ,-5 ,-0.6,

K, ,15, -5 ,0.6,
K, ,15 , 5 ,0.6,
K, ,25 , 5 ,0.6,
K, ,25 ,-5 ,0.6,

99
 FLST,2,4,3
FITEM,2,23
FITEM,2,24
FITEM,2,25
FITEM,2,26
A,P51X
FLST,2,4,3
FITEM,2,27
FITEM,2,28
FITEM,2,29
FITEM,2,30
A,P51X

! ,

FLST,2,2,4,ORDE,2
FITEM,2,3
FITEM,2,-4
DL,P51X, ,SYMM !

FLST,2,1,1,ORDE,1
FITEM,2,99
/GO
D,P51X, ,-1.05, , , ,UZ, , , , , !

FINISH

/SOL
ANTYPE,0
NLGEOM,1
NSUBST,10,0,0

100
OUTRES,ERASE
OUTRES,ALL,ALL
TIME,1

101

1. . . .: ,
1987.
2. . , . . .:
, 1982.
3. ANSYS 8.1 ANSYS. .
4. . . . .: , 1984.
5. ANSYS 6.1. CADFEM. ., 2003.
6. A. ,
ANSYS,
ANSYS. , .: - CFDFEM, 2003.

102