General biology

Osmosis Lab

Present by :

Thanakorn Maleesut (Pru)

Vachanon Ittikraichareon (Neno)
Kanchanok Chaipitakroj (Sine)
Tawisa Atipanan (Ta)
Kanokpon Nagavajara (Ploy)

1003
Date
1 March 2017

Introduction: (separate)
Purpose: To observe how jelly and potato would occur osmosis and how they would
react in both hypotonic and hypertonic solutions. This would make students understand
more by visualizing how osmosis could have happen in cells or molecules with
semipermeable membrane.

Hypothesis: If we put the jelly and potato into hypertonic solution, then the jelly and
potato will shrink. If we put the jelly and potato into hypotonic solution, then the jelly and
potato will swell.

Materials:
- 6 Beakers (3 for jelly, 3 for potato)
- 2 Cylinders
- Electronic Balance
- Distilled water
- Concentrated salt water
- 3 Jellies
- 3 Potato Pieces
- Calculator groups bring their own calculator
- Knife
- Weighing paper
- Markers
- Gloves
- Lab Coat
- Goggles

Methods:
- Collect the materials that your group needs (3 Jelly and Half a Potato)
- Use the knife to cut the potato into 3 equal pieces
- Use the electronic balance to find the mass of your jelly. Remember to lay down a
piece of weighing paper and set to zero.
- Record your data
- Record descriptive observations about the jelly prior to the experiment.
- Measure the initial volume of the jelly and the potato and record your data.
- Fill your 1st beaker halfway with distilled water. Put one of your jelly into the beaker.
Set the beaker aside for one hour. Label the beaker using marker.
- Fill your 2st beaker with concentrated salt solution halfway. Put your 2nd jelly into that
beaker. Set beaker aside for one hour. Label the beaker using marker.
- Put your 3rd jelly into an empty beaker without putting anything in it. That should be
your control.
- Put the 4th beaker halfway with distilled water. Put one of your potato pieces into the
beaker. Set the beaker aside for one hour. Label the beaker.
- Put the 5th beaker halfway with concentrated salt solution halfway. Put your second
potato pieces into that beaker and set it aside for an hour. Label the beaker.
- Place your last piece of potato pieces into the last beaker, empty. That is your control
for the potato. Label the beaker.
- Make sure you label all the beakers distilled water or concentrated salt solution with
some markers.
- After one hour, come back and look at each of the beakers and record the data volume
and mass of both the jellies in two beaker and both the potato in two other beakers.
- Also record the descriptive data for what the jelly and the potato look like now after
being soaker for an hour.
- Calculate the percent change in the size of each jelly and potato
Percent change in volume
Percent change in mass

Data Tables:

Data A: The Mass and Volume of Jelly in Distilled Water and Salt Water
 Jelly 1 (color) Jelly 2 (color)

Dimensions Initial: Before Final: After Initial: Before Final: After

Soaking in Soaking in Soaking in Soaking ins
hypotonic Distilled Water hypertonic Salt Water
solution solution

Volume 44 45 43.5 42.5

Mass 5.08 7.54 5.12 4.59

Data B: The Mass and Volume of Potato in Distilled Water and Salt Water
Potato 1 (color) Potato 2 (color)

Dimension Initial: Before Final: After Initial: Before Final: After

Soaking in Soaking in Soaking in Soaking ins
hypotonic Distilled Water hypertonic Salt Water
solution solution

Volume 44.9 45.4 44.9 42.9

Mass 4.23 5.19 4.38 3.49

Data C: The Description of Jelly in Distilled Water and Salt Water

Jelly 1: (Color) [Hypotonic] Jelly 2: (Color) [Hypertonic]

Descriptive Observation Before Soaking Descriptive Observation Before Soaking

in Distilled Water:
Before soaking, the jelly had the
semicircle shape. It has both clear and
purple color. The texture of it is soft and
very bouncy. The surface of it is smooth.
It had the mass of 4.23 g and the volume
of 44.9 cm3 .
in Salt Water:
Before soaking, the jelly had the
semicircle shape. It has both clear and
purple color. The texture of it is soft and
very bouncy. The surface of it is smooth.
It had the mass of 4.38 g and the volume
of 44.9 cm3 .

Descriptive Observation After Soaking in Descriptive Observation After Soaking in

Distilled Water: Distilled Water:
After soaking, the jelly had the semicircle After soaking, the jelly had the semicircle
shape, but it looks bigger (swell). It has
both clear and purple color. The texture of
it is softer and very bouncier. The surface
of it is smoother, because it is soaked and
still very wet. It had the mass of 5.19 g
and the volume of 45.4 cm3 . Its mass
increases by 48.43% and its volume
increases by 2.27%
shape, but it looks smaller (shrink). It has
both clear and purple color. The texture of
it is still soft and bouncy. The surface of it
is smoother because it is still very wet. It
had the mass of 3.49 g and the volume of
42.9 cm3 . Its mass decreases by 10.35%
and its volume decreases by 2.3%

Data D: The Description of Potato in Distilled Water and Salt Water

Potato 1: (Color) [Hypotonic] Potato 2: (Color) [Hypertonic]

Descriptive Observation Before Soaking Descriptive Observation Before Soaking

in Distilled Water:
Before soaking, it had a rectangular
shape with light yellow color. It was solid,
but not too hard. It had a bit of bouncy
texture. The surface of it had the smooth
and wet texture. The volume of it is 44.9
cm3 and its mass is 4.23 g.
in Salt Water:
Before soaking, it had a rectangular
shape with light yellow color. It was solid,
but not too hard. It had a bit of bouncy
texture. The surface of it had the smooth
and wet texture.The volume of it is 44.9
cm3 and its mass is 4.38 g.

Descriptive Observation After Soaking in Descriptive Observation After Soaking in

Distilled Water:
After soaking in hypotonic solution for
about an hour, the potato one is still have
the rectangular shape, but it a bit swells
up and have a bigger shape and size. It is
even more bouncy and a bit spongy. It still
maintain smooth and wet texture. The
volume of it is 45.4 cm3 and its mass is
5.19 g. Its mass increases by 22.7% and
its volume increases by 1.11%
Salt Water:
After Soaking shrink and have a bit
smaller shape and size. It is less bouncy.
It still maintain smooth and wet texture.
The volume of it is 42.9 cm3 and its mass
is 3.49 g. Its mass decreases by 20.32%
and its volume decreases by 4.45%

Data E: The Change Percentage of Jelly in Distilled Water and Salt Water
Jelly 1(Color): Soaked in Jelly 2(Color): Soaked in
Distilled Water: Salt Water:

Percent Change in Volume 2.27% Decrease 2.3%

Percent Change in Mass 48.43% Decrease 10.35%

Data F: The Change Percentage of Potato in Distilled Water and Salt Water
Potato 1 (Color): Soaked in Potato 2(Color): Soaked in
Distilled Water: Salt Water:

Percent Change in Volume 1.11% Decrease 4.45%

Percent Change in Mass 22.7% Decrease 20.32%

Analysing Results
1. What happened to the jellies after being soaked in distilled water and salt
water water for an hour? Why? Be descriptive and detailed in your answer. Use
your knowledge of membrane transport.

After the jellies being soaked in distilled water and salt water for an hour, the jelly with
the distilled look a bit bigger and smooth. The jelly with the salt water look a bit smaller and
smooth. The mass of the jelly with distilled water is increased by 48.43 %, and the volume is
increased by 2.27%. The mass of the jelly with salt water is decreased by 10.35%, and the
volume is also decreased by 2.3%. The reason that why the jelly with distilled water is bigger
and heavier because the concentration of the solution inside the jelly is higher than outside of
the jelly, so the water move into the jelly. By the way, the jelly with salt water is smaller and
lesser in mass and volume because the concentration of the solution outside of the jelly is
higher than inside the jelly, so the water move out of the jelly.

2. What happened to the potato after being soaked in distilled water and salt water
for an hour? Be descriptive and detailed in your answer. Use your knowledge of
membrane transport.

After the potatoes being soak in distilled water and salt water. Each of them has a little
bit change in physical, but mostly change in volume and mass. The potato with distilled water
still has the rectangular shape, but it is a bit bigger and heavier. The volume is increased by
1.11% and the mass is also increased by 22.7%. On the other hand, the potato with salt water
is decreased in both volume and mass. The volume is decreased by 4.45% and the mass is
decreased by 20.32%. As you can see, the mass and the volume of the potato with distilled
water are increased, but the mass and the volume of the potato with salt water are decreased.
All these phenomenons happened because of the membrane transport especially osmosis.
When the solution outside the cell is higher than inside, the water will move out of the cell and
that cause the cell shrink like in this case. At the same time, when the solution inside the cell is
higher than outside, the water will move into the cell and cause the cell swell like in this case.

Conclusion

Osmosis would go from the place where there is less solute or high water concentration
gradient to the side the side that has high concentration gradient of solute or low water
concentration gradient, which those two sides are separated by semi-permeable membrane.
Worklog

Names Job/Role Date Homework Completed or

not

Neno Making data 2/03/17 Making data completed

table A, methods table b
and materials

Ploy Conclusion 2/03/17 To complete the completed

Descriptions conclusion
Purpose

Pru Analyse the 2/03/17 Analysing the completed

question question
Bar graphs

Sine Making data 2/03/17 Making data completed

table C, title, table D
hypothesis

Ta Making data 2/03/17 Making data completed

table E and F table F