A unique trick which simplifies calculation of square roots without any

calculator:-

Ex.1: 39.876.

39 comes between two perfect squares 36(6) and 49(7). So from initial guess 39 should
be something 6.xxxx.

Now half of work is done and just we have to find decimal part which is found based on
formula.

(N - L) / (U - L)

N: given number (39.876 in this case)

L: lower perfect square to given number like 36.

U: upper perfect square like 49.

Now use the above formula for given number 39.876.

(39.876 - 36) / (49 - 36) = 0.30

So 39.876 = 6 + 0.30 = 6.30 (which is 99.95% correct).

Ex. 2: 129.39

129 comes between 121(11) and 144(12).

Using formula,

(129.39 - 121) / (144121) = 0.36

So, 129.39 = 11 + 0.36 = 11.36 (which is 99.9% correct).

Just a little practice is needed to make it familiar to the mind.

NOTE:-

Logic : The formula is based on simple observation of equal distribution between two perfect
squares. For ex: You take any two adjacent perfect squares like 4 & 9. They are 5 digits away
from each other whose square roots 2 & 3 are just 1 digit away. Take ratio of 1 and 5 which is 0.2
or 1/(U -L). You can see that as 2 moves to 3, 4 moves to 9. It means that for every unity
increment in lower perfect square (4), 0.2 should increase into its lower perfect square root, i.e.
2. So multiplication factor (N - L) comes into play which finally gives the aggregate formula
(N - L) / (U - L).

Now one exception: the above formula fails for numbers less than 1.

As square root of a complete fractional number like 0.76 always comes greater than it, it cannot
be found out directly. Again with the help of a little trick, this problem can be overcome.

For example to find 0.76, Ignore decimal and find 76 using above formula given by me, then
divide the answer by 10. You will get the accurate answers.

If you are finding difficulty in calculating formula, a very simple and common trick can be
used to simplify the ratio.

For ex: 57.694 =

7 + (57.694 - 49) /(64 - 49) = 7 + 8.694 / 15

Remember, the method gives a little lesser than exact value, so while simplification you can
either increase numerator or decrease denominator slightly without affecting accuracy much.

So, 8.694/15 = 9 / 15 = 0.6

Which gives 57.694 = 7.6 (pretty close to 7.596)

For logic, here is the proof.

Let sqrt(N) = x + del(x) where del(x) is between 0 and 1 and x is an integer.

For N = 39.876, x = 6 and del(x) is the decimal part.

Now, The formula given above is (N-L)/(U - L), here U = (x + 1)^2 and L = x^2 .

N = (x + del(x))^2

Let cal_del(x) be the estimated value from above formula.

i.e cal_del(x) = (N-L)/(U - L)

Plug the values into equation,

cal_del(x) ={(x + del(x))^2 - x^2} / ((x+1)^2- x^2),

Simplifying by a^2- b^2 = (a-b)(a+b), you will get

cal_del(x) = (2x + del(x)) * del(x)/(2x + 1)

Now, You see ((2x + del(x))/(2x+1) will always be less than 1 and that will be multiplied with
del(x). This means that the more you are closer to (x+1)^2, the more accurate your answer will
be.

Since, del(x) will be more closer to 1 and hence, the value ((2x + del(x))/(2x+1) will be closer to
1.

So, When you are closer to (x+1) or you have large x, mostly you will get,

cal_del(x) = del(x) [approx.]

You can calculate (U - L) in an alternate way:

(U - L) = U + L

Therefore: 49 - 36 = 7 + 6

Logic behind this is: the difference between the squares of two consecutive numbers is equal to
the sum.

What if you need to find a bigger number (in the case where i do not know the lower and
upper perfect square)? Is there any trick for that?

Divide the number by a perfect square like 25, 36, 64 etc. And then find square root of remainder
by my formula. Multiply the square root of remainder with the perfect square root used like 5, 6,
8 etc (for 25, 36, 64 respectively).