Reading Comprehension Test

Submitted by Phatsakorn Rodphol (field) 1002

Passages 1
All living things are made up of tiny units called cells. The cells are surrounded by a covering called
a membrane. The membrane controls what moves in and out of the cell. Cells need many kinds of
materials in order to thrive. They must have water, oxygen, glucose (sugar), sodium, potassium and a
variety of other minerals. The body has to have a delivery system to get these materials where they
need to go. In addition, every cell produces waste materials that it needs to get rid of. The body has to
have a method of waste collection and disposal. Like a fleet of trucks form a transport system to the
(line 7) pickup and deliver goods in the world, the body has a transport system, too. There are two types of
transport: active transport, and passive transport.

Passive transport is easiest for the cells because they dont need to use any energy to make it
happen. Diffusion is the simplest and most common form of passive transport. During the diffusion
process, tiny particles of the materials that need to be delivered to the cells are spread through either a
gas, like oxygen, or a liquid, like water. Areas with high concentrations of the materials slowly diffuse
them to areas of low concentration of the materials. Osmosis is a unique form of passive transport that
allows water to pass through the cell membrane but keeps most other materials out.

Active transport is used when the concentration of materials inside the cell is high, and the cell
needs to push materials into areas of high concentration of the materials. Unfortunately, this kind of
(line 19) transport requires the cell to work against the natural direction of diffusion. This causes the cell use
energy. One example of this is how nerve cells work. They pump sodium out and pull potassium in.
(line 22) Although they must expend energy in this process, doing so allows them to thrive.

Source:http://www.k12reader.com/reading-comprehension/Gr5_Wk5_Active_Passive_Transport.pdf

Question
1) The word fleet in line 7 is closet in meaning to
A) impatience
B) speed
C) cursor
D) distance

2) The word this in line 19 refers to

A) cell membrane
B) tiny particles
C) active transport
D) diffusion process

3) The word thrive in line 22 is closest in meaning to

A) be successful
B) prosper
C) flourish
D) ascend

4) According to the passage, what types of transport used energy?

A) passive transport
B) active transport
C) osmosis
D) diffusion

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 5) According to the passage, which of the following is true about passive transport?
A) It is the movement of water molecules against the concentration gradient
B) It requires to use energy to transport the materials in and out of the cell
C) It is considered to be non-natural way of membrane transport
D) It is considered to be automatic way of membrane transport

6) According to the passage, which type of transports allow only water to pass through the cell
membrane?
A) diffusion
B) active transport
C) facilitated diffusion
D) osmosis

7) What is the main topic of the first paragraph?

A) How cell membrane transport help cell to survive
B) The different between simple diffusion and osmosis
C) The definition and description of cell and cell membrane transport
D) The specific explanation about the types of membrane transport

8) Which of the following information is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A) The advantages of osmosis
B) How cell membrane transport help cell to survive
C) How concentration effect the movement of the particles
D) The reason why cell need to have cell membrane transport

9) The second paragraph talks about

A) How the function of passive transport work
B) The example of osmosis
C) How passive and active transport be different
D) The definition and description of cell and cell membrane

10) What can be inferred about the active transport?

A) It is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration
B) The active transport is not natural process
C) It is the easiest way to transport the material in and out of the cell
D) It doesnt need to use energy to transport

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 Passage 2
Saturation is a versatile term that can be applied to various fields such as economics,
(line 2) telecommunications or art. In chemistry, a solution is saturated simply when it cannot absorb
more solute, which may be in a solid, liquid, or gaseous phase. When saturated, the solution is at
equilibrium; for example, the rate at which the solvent dissolves a solid solute equals the rate at which
that solute crystallizes and thereby leaves the solution.

A solution in which the amount of dissolved solute exceeds the amount required for saturation at a
certain temperature or pressure is known as a supersaturated solution. Supersaturated solutions can be
(line 8) naturally or artificially created by altering the condition of an already saturated solution, adding more
solute and then gradually returning conditions to normal. This type of solution is exceedingly volatile
and the excess solute is therefore easily removed.

In order for crystals to nucleate and grow from a solution, certain conditions must exist, including
saturation. The first stage of crystallization is nucleation, in which stable clusters of crystal form from
molecules of solute. In order for these clusters, or nuclei, to be stable, free solute molecules that
cannot redissolve into the solution must exist. Once the nuclei have reached critical size, the second
stage of crystallization, crystal growth, can occur. As long as the solution remains saturated, both
stages of crystallization will continue to occur.

Supersaturation is one factor of many that plays a role in polymorphism, the phenomenon in which a
(line 19) crystal has the potential to form in a variety of crystal structures. Any of these structures may form in
a metastable or stable form and may transform from the metastable form to the stable one, depending
on the temperature. A polymorph's likelihood of forming in the metastable form increases as the
number of molecules that cannot be absorbed by the solvent increases.

Source:https://gmat.economist.com/gmat-practice-question/reading-comprehension/c9ab4/reading-
comprehension-detail-function-questions

Question

1) The word it in line 2 refers to

A) solid
B) gaseous phase
C) saturated
D) solution

2) The word altering in line 8 is closet in meaning to

A) reorganize
B) obvious
C) vary
D) distinct

3) The word potential in line 19 is closet in meaning to

A) possible
B) lurking
C) sneaking
D) calculating

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4) According to the passage, what is the first step of crystallization called?
A) supersaturation
B) nucleation
C) solution
D) polymorphism

5) According to the passage, why supersaturated solution is the best stage for crystallization to
happen?
A) All of the solute can be dissolve by solvent
B) It is the stages that solution contains more solute than the solvent can dissolve
C) The concentration of solute and solvent are equal
D) The temperature increases the solubility of solids in liquids

6) Which of the following property that the author mentioned about saturated solution?
A) It is the solution that cant dissolve any more solute without heat
B) It is the stage that the crystal begins to grow
C) Not all of the solute can be dissolve in saturated solution
D) The solution contains more solute than solvent

7) Which of the following statements does the passage support?

A) Saturated solution is the solution that cant add more solute
B) Crystallization process will happen after the solution becomes supersaturated
C) The second stage of crystallization is nucleation
D) Supersaturation isnt one factor of many that plays a role in polymorphism

8) According to the passage, which condition is the most suitable for growing crystal?
A) Before the stage of nucleation
B) When the solution is saturated solution
C) After a solution becomes supersaturated solution
D) After adding more sugar to unsaturated solution

9) Which of the following information is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A) How to change saturated solution to supersaturated solution
B) The process of crystallization
C) The advantage of crystallization
D) The example of solution is at equilibrium

10) What is the main topic of the third paragraph?

A) How to make supersaturated solutions
B) The definition and description of crystallization
C) The condition that suitable for crystal to grow
D) Compare and contrast between saturated and supersaturated solutions