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Program Description:
"FRAME" is a spreadsheet program written in MS-Excel for the purpose of plane frame analysis of por
rigid plane frames subjected to various types of loading. Specifically, the "stiffness matrix" method o
used to determine the unknown joint displacements, support reactions, and member end forces. Ind
members are also analyzed to determine the shears and intermediate moments. Plots of both the sh
moment diagrams are also produced. Also, the frame is drawn for visual confimation of geometry/co
Note: this is a metric units version, converted from the original "FRAME.xls" spreadsheet workbook.
This program is a workbook consisting of three (3) worksheets, described as follows:
1. This program uses the "stiffness matrix" method of analysis and four (4) following basic analysis a
a. Members must be of constant cross section (E and I are constant for entire length).
b. Deflections must not significantly alter the geometry of the problem.
c. Stress must remain within the "elastic" region.
d. Since this analysis is "first-order", the effects of "P-D", "P-d", and shear deformation are not
(See below for the iterative, manual procedure to approximate the P-D effects in columns of
(Significant effects due to shear deformation are limited to very short and deep members.)
2. Additional assumptions and features are as follows:
a. Frame support joints may each be either fixed or pinned.
b. Frame support joints may be at different levels (elevations).
c. Columns must be vertical (cannot be sloped).
c. For a portal frame, the top (roof) member may be flat or sloped in either direction.
3. A vertical load, horizontal load, and externally moment may be applied to any of the joints of the
joint loads are to be applied in "global" axes directions. Note: Joint loads applied directly at suppo
added directly to support reactions and are not reflected in member end force values.
4. On any individual member, this program will handle up to five (5) full uniform, partial uniform, tri
trapezoidal loads, up to ten (10) point loads, and up to four (4) externally applied moments. For v
distributed loads and point loads are input in a "X-Global" sence of direction. For flat or sloped to
members, distributed loads may be applied global over actual member length or applied global o
"projected" member length. Program designations are "Y-Global", "Y-Projected", "X-Global", and "
For a flat top (roof) member of a portal frame, "Y-Global" and "Y-Projected" loads produce the sam
Uniformly distributed gravity (dead or live) load would be an example of a "Y-Global" distributed l
top (roof) member, while lateral uniformly distributed wind load on sloped top (roof) member wou
example of an "X-Projected" distributed load. A uniformly distributed load such as wind suction p
(normal) to a sloped top (roof) member must be resolved into Y-Global and X-Global component v
5. This program will calculate the member end reactions, the member end forces (axial, shear, and
the member maximum positive and negative moments (if applicable), and the joint displacement
The calculated values for the maximum moments are determined from dividing the member into
equal segments with fifty-one (51) points, and including all of the point load and applied moment
well. (Note: the actual point of maximum moment occurs where the shear = 0, or passes through
6. The user is also given the ability to select an AISC W, S, C, MC, or HSS (rectangular tube) shape to
obtaining the required moment of inertia for input. (This facility is located off to the right of the m
7. This program contains numerous comment boxes which contain a wide variety of information in
explanations of input or output items, equations used, data tables, etc. (Note: presence of a co
is denoted by a red triangle in the upper right-hand corner of a cell. Merely move the mouse po
desired cell to view the contents of that particular "comment box".)
Reference: "Structural Analysis" - by Russel C. Hibbeler, Macmillan Publishing Company (1985), pag
Formulas Used to Determine FEM's and Shear and Moment in Individual Frame Members
Loading functions for each uniform or distributed load evaluated at distance x = L from left end of me
FvL = -wb*(L-b-(L-e)) + -1/2*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((L-b)^2-(L-e)^2)+(we-wb)*(L-e)
FmL = -wb/2*((L-b)^2-(L-e)^2) + -1/6*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((L-b)^3-(L-e)^3)+(we-wb)/2*(L-e)^2
FqL = -wb/(6*E*I)*((L-b)^3-(L-e)^3) + -1/(24*E*I)*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((L-b)^4-(L-e)^4)+(we-wb)/(6*E
FDL = -wb/(24*E*I)*((L-b)^4-(L-e)^4) + -1/(120*E*I)*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((L-b)^5-(L-e)^5)+(we-wb)/(2
Loading functions for each uniform or distributed load evaluated at distance = x from left end of mem
If x >= e:
Fvx = -wb*(x-b-(x-e)) + -1/2*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((x-b)^2-(x-e)^2)+(we-wb)*(x-e)
Fmx = -wb/2*((x-b)^2-(x-e)^2) + -1/6*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((x-b)^3-(x-e)^3)+(we-wb)/2*(x-e)^2
Fqx = -wb/(6*E*I)*((x-b)^3-(x-e)^3) + -1/(24*E*I)*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((x-b)^4-(x-e)^4)+(we-wb)/(6*
FDx = -wb/(24*E*I)*((x-b)^4-(x-e)^4) + -1/(120*E*I)*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((x-b)^5-(x-e)^5)+(we-wb)/(
else if x >= b:
Fvx = -wb*(x-b) + -1/2*(we-wb)/(e-b)*(x-b)^2 else: Fvx =
Fmx = -wb/2*(x-b)^2 + -1/6*(we-wb)/(e-b)*(x-b)^3-(x-e)^3 else: Fmx =
Fqx = -wb/(6*E*I)*(x-b)^3 + -1/(24*E*I)*(we-wb)/(e-b)*(x-b)^4 else: Fqx =
FDx = -wb/(24*E*I)*(x-b)^4 + -1/(120*E*I)*(we-wb)/(e-b)*(x-b) else: FDx =
Loading functions for each point load evaluated at distance x = L from left end of member:
FvL = -P
FmL = -P*(L-a)
FqL = -P*(L-a)^2/(2*E*I)
FDL = P*(L-a)^3/(6*E*I)
Loading functions for each point load evaluated at distance = x from left end of member:
If x > a:
Fvx = -P else: Fvx =
Fmx = -P*(x-a) else: Fmx =
Fqx = -P*(x-a)^2/(2*E*I) else: Fqx =
FDx = P*(x-a)^3/(6*E*I) else: FDx =
Loading functions for each applied moment evaluated at distance x = L from left end of member:
FvL = 0
FmL = -M
FqL = -M*(L-c)/(E*I)
FDL = M*(L-c)^2/(2*E*I)
Loading functions for each applied moment evaluated at distance = x from left end of member:
If x >= c:
Fvx = 0 else: Fvx =
Fmx = -M else: Fmx =
Fqx = -M*(x-c)/(E*I) else: Fqx =
FDx = M*(x-c)^2/(2*E*I) else: FDx =
Formulas Used to Determine FEM's and Shear and Moment in Individual Frame Members (continued)
Initial summation values at left end (x = 0) for shear, moment, slope, and deflection:
Simple beam:
Vo = -1/L*S(FmL)
Mo = 0
qo = 1/L*S(FDL)+L/(6*E*I)*S(FmL)
Do = 0
Summations of shear, moment, slope, and deflection at distance = x from left end of member:
Shear: Vx = Vo+S(Fvx)
Moment: Mx = Mo+Vo*x+S(Fmx)
Slope: qx = qo+Mo*x/(E*I)+Vo*x^2/(2*E*I)+S(Fqx)
Deflection: Dx = -(Do-qo*x-Mo*x^2/(2*E*I)-Vo*x^3/(6*E*I)+S(FDx)
The effect of P-D produces a secondary (second order) moment in a member which is equal to the ax
force in the member times the frame displacement of the member. This is commonly referred to as P
Long, slender columns of a frame are typically the frame members most sensitive to the effects of P-
The steps to account for the effects of P-D in the columns of a frame are as follows:
1. Solve the problem for the original applied loads.
2. Calculate the secondary shears for each column.
3. Add (superimpose) the secondary shears to the original loads and re-calculate the results.
4. Compare the new displacements of the latest results to the results obtained from the previous calc
5. If the new displacements vary only very small amount (convergence tolerance) from the previous d
then the solution has converged.
6. If not, then return to Step 2, repeating (iterating) the process as required.
Notes: 1. Compression in a column will result in P-D tending to de-stabilize the column by increas
moment, while tension in a column will result in P-D tending to stabilize (straighten) the
reducing the moment. (See illustration above at right.)
2. P-D effects can be reduced and controlled by using heavier members and/or a stiffer fra
3. P-d refers to the effects of the axial load in a member subject to deflection (curvature)
This is commonly referred to as P-"Little" d, and is not addressed by procedure above.
rame analysis of portal and gable
ess matrix" method of analysis is
mber end forces. Individual frame
Plots of both the shear and
ation of geometry/configuration.
adsheet workbook.
r direction.
y of the joints of the frame. These
plied directly at supports are merely
or entire frame
and displacements (typ. Dk = 0, all)
ctions and displacements
of partitioned stiffness matrix, K
where: Dk = 0, all
Qu, from Equation 2
where: Dk = 0, all
ch member:
acements vector
e frame analysis end forces to get
-wb)/2*(L-e)^2
-e)^4)+(we-wb)/(6*E*I)*(L-e)^3
-(L-e)^5)+(we-wb)/(24*E*I)*(L-e)^4
-wb)/2*(x-e)^2
x-e)^4)+(we-wb)/(6*E*I)*(x-e)^3
-(x-e)^5)+(we-wb)/(24*E*I)*(x-e)^4
0
0
0
0
f member:
0
0
0
0
end of member:
nd of member:
0
0
0
0
(continued)
embers (continued)
nd of member:
Input Data:
Joint Coordinates:
Support Constraints:
Joint Loads:
Member Loads:
Distributed Loads:
Point Loads:
Subject:
Originator: Checker:
Y (kips) (kips)
0 0
0 0
(kips) (kips)
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
X 0 0
ly c/L (kips)
1 e/L 0
0.076696 b/L 0
1 a/L 0
P M we 0
wb 0
0
x or y L
Support Reactions:
(ft-kips) Member NoJoint No. Axial (kN) Shear (kN) Moment (kN-m)
0 1 1 0 0 0
0 2 0 0 0
0 2 2 0 0 0
0 3 0 0 0
0 3 4 0 0 0
0 3 0 0 0
Joint Displacements:
Member Loads:
Distributed Loads:
Point Loads:
Applied Moments:
oint Load #3 Point Load #4 Point Load #5 Point Load #6 Point Load #7
P (kips) a (ft.) P (kips) a (ft.) P (kips) a (ft.) P (kips) a (ft.)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Moment #3 Moment #4
M (ft-kips) c (ft.) M (ft-kips)
0 1.00E-009 0
0 1.00E-009 0
0 1.00E-009 0
For Distributed Load #2
ctions Evaluated at x Loading Functions Evaluated at x = L Loading Functions Evaluated at x
Fqx FDx FvL FmL FqL FDL Fvx Fmx
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
0 0 --- --- --- --- --- ---
Distributed Load #4 Distributed Load #5
wb (k/ft.) e (ft.) we (k/ft.) b (ft.) wb (k/ft.) e (ft.) we (k/ft.)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iy (cm^4)
49947.77
43704.3 Caution: Do not use "Space Bar" to clear contents of
20395.34 unused input cells for loadings. "Highlight" those
38584.65 cells which are to be cleared and click on the
18106.07 Right Mouse Button and select "Clear Contents".
33132.02
16274.65
13985.38
119042.2
104890.3
91570.91
85327.44
80748.9
42039.37
71591.81
70343.11
64099.64
33423.38
59104.86
57439.94 Steel Beam:
26805.3 Size: W14x68
69094.42 A= #N/A cm^2
26638.81 Ix = #N/A cm^4
50780.23 Iy = #N/A cm^4
49531.54
62018.48
45369.23
21685.66
43288.07
54942.55
20520.21
38543.03
48699.08
18480.68
41123.66
33132.02
16233.03
28928.08
32049.82
13985.38
22518.12
11779.35
9531.7
189385.3
174817.2
hlight" those
Convert Metric Units Input Data back to English Units:
r Contents".
Joint Coordinates:
Support Constraints:
Joint Loads:
Member Loads:
Distributed Loads: