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The Study Guide to

Laghu Siddhanta Kaumudi

Part 2- AjantapumlingaH to
AjantanapumsakaH
Editor : Medh Michika, AVG, Anaikatti

E Book published by:

Arsha Avinash Foundation


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Phone: + 91 9487373635
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The Study Guide
to

P ini-Stra
through
Laghusiddhntakaumud

Part 2
"! #$%& ~ ! *"#$%&
( )

Medh Michika
AVG Anaikkatti, 2016
Copyright 2016 by Medh Michika
All rights reserved.

The contents of this work may not in any shape or form be reproduced
without permission of Medh Michika.

All profit from the sales of this book goes towards the activities initiated
by r Pjya Svam Daynanda Sarasvat.

Electronic version of this book is available at:


Arsha Avinash Foundation
www.arshaavinash.in

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Table of Contents

The Study Guide to P ini-Stra


through Laghusiddhntakaumud Part 2

Table of Contents

0 12 3"#$41 "5 6$%& ....................................................................................................................... 1


-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) 9%< .................................................................................................................. 9
-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) )>?(%< #1 )>? ................................................................................................ 45
Overview of stras regarding )>?(%< in )FGH< ......................................................................... 55
-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) )>?(%< #2 >F ? etc. 9 ....................................................................................... 56
-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) )>?(%< #3 L0< etc. 6, #4 (<4 ......................................................................... 62
Summary of declensions of )>?(%< ............................................................................................. 66
-*%9% - "5 6$& (3) "( 9? .............................................................................................................. 67
O-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) ">P % ........................................................................................................... 71
O-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) Q%Q% .............................................................................................................. 81
S-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) Q"9 ................................................................................................................. 82
Summary of declension of "T-)!U*-L%"V "W*.............................................................................. 90
S-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) )"Y ................................................................................................................ 92
S-*%9% - "5 6$& (3) "V ............................................................................................................... 106
S-*%9% - "5 6$& (4) *"V .............................................................................................................. 108
S-*%9% - "5 6$& (5) "G ................................................................................................................. 117
S-*%9% - "5 6$& (6) "Z ................................................................................................................. 119
Summary of [*%9% "5 6$\]s taught in #T")^% *_<W`.......................................................... 122
[-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) ` ............................................................................................................... 123
[-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) abc4d)` ........................................................................................................ 126
[-*%9% - "5 6$& (3) "V#e`....................................................................................................... 135
[-*%9% - "5 6$& (4) Lf` ............................................................................................................... 137
[-*%9% - "5 6$& (5) (` ................................................................................................................. 144
[-*%9% - "5 6$& (6) )c`, d>H` .................................................................................................... 146

i
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[-*%9% - "5 6$& (7) \^f` ............................................................................................................ 148


[-*%9% - "5 6$& (8) )f` .............................................................................................................. 151
[-*%9% - "5 6$& (9) )Y`, )V` ...................................................................................................... 153
h-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) \i ............................................................................................................. 155
h-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) Hjk .............................................................................................................. 156
Summary of l*%9% "5 6$\]s taught in #T")^% *_<W` ........................................................ 167
l-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) mm............................................................................................................... 168
l-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) "Vn<F ........................................................................................................ 169
l-*%9% - "5 6$& (3) Y# F ........................................................................................................... 171
l-*%9% - "5 6$& (4) opF ............................................................................................................. 174
l-*%9% - "5 6$& (5) >1%?p.F ........................................................................................................... 176
l-*%9% - "5 6$& (6) qrF ............................................................................................................. 178
s-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) f%Vt ............................................................................................................. 179
s-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) " Vt.............................................................................................................. 182
s-*%9% - "5 6$& (3) (t................................................................................................................. 184
u-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) vj............................................................................................................... 186
w-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) 9x .................................................................................................................. 189
y-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) z#_ ............................................................................................................. 191
0% {G`"#$%& ................................................................................................................................ 192
O-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) 9<% .......................................................................................................... 192
O-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) )>?(%< #1 )>%?.......................................................................................... 199
O-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) )>?(%< #2 h|9 >F %?.................................................................................... 202
O-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) )>?(%< #3 "ZV`d% ...................................................................................... 204
O-*%9% -{G`"#$& (3) }% ........................................................................................................ 205
O-*%9% -{G`"#$& (4) 9% .......................................................................................................... 206
O-*%9% -{G`"#$& (5) vj % ......................................................................................................... 207
S-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) <"V ............................................................................................................ 208
S-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) "G .............................................................................................................. 215
3
S-*%9% -)G`"#$& (3) "Z .............................................................................................................. 219
[-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) v_9` ........................................................................................................... 220

ii
Table of Contents

[-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) #e` .......................................................................................................... 222


[-*%9% -{G`"#$& (3) {G` ............................................................................................................ 223
[-*%9% -{G`"#$& (4) c`.............................................................................................................. 228
h-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) f4( ............................................................................................................ 234
h-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) Hjk ........................................................................................................... 235
l-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) >fF............................................................................................................ 237
l-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) ~F ............................................................................................................. 238
l-*%9% -{G`"#$& (3) odiF ...................................................................................................... 239
s-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) o)t.......................................................................................................... 240
s-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) <%Vt .......................................................................................................... 242
u-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) j ........................................................................................................... 243
w-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) 9x ............................................................................................................... 244
y-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) (_ ............................................................................................................ 245
0% ! *"#$%& ............................................................................................................................ 246
( )
! *"#$& (1) U%( ...................................................................................................... 246
-*%9% -( )
! *"#$& (2) *V9 ..................................................................................................... 255
-*%9% -( )
! *"#$& (1) c` % .................................................................................................... 258
O-*%9% -( )
! *"#$& (1) >%"9 ....................................................................................................... 259
S-*%9% -( )
! *"#$& (2) W"f ........................................................................................................ 266
S-*%9% -( )
! *"#$& (3) "Z .......................................................................................................... 270
S-*%9% -( )
! *"#$& (4) "G .......................................................................................................... 271
S-*%9% -( )
! *"#$& (1) )f` ....................................................................................................... 272
[-*%9% -( )
! *"#$& (1) <f ........................................................................................................ 276
h-*%9% -( )
! *"#$& (1) ) ....................................................................................................... 277
l-*%9% -( )
! *"#$& (1) f%Vt ...................................................................................................... 278
s-*%9% -( )
! *"#$& (1) Lj ..................................................................................................... 281
u-*%9% -( )
! *"#$& (1) L9x ......................................................................................................... 284
w-*%9% -( )
! *"#$& (1) )(_ ..................................................................................................... 286
y-*%9% -( )
Index ............................................................................................................................................ 287

iii
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

Abbreviations:

AK d*j\& Avyaya Koa, a dictionary of indeclinables Sri V. Srivatsankacharya Samskrit


Education Society
Bh1 p x<`%% L0< p%v p`<)4( \%{G`
SK ")^% *_<W`
B a%#<(j9<%

iv
"5 6$%& . .5

0 12 3"#$41 "5 6$%&

Now, among the six "#$s, the masculine words ending with vowel will be discussed.
n3 4 d41%! V4 3
%& \]%&, <%( "#$& d41%! V4 "5 6$%&, %& n V4 "5 6$%& - "5 6$%&

Declension of L%"V "W* is discussed by grouping them into 6 categories in the


following manner:
1. - "5 6$%&
2. -{G`$%&
3. ! *"#$%&
-( )
4. Q# - "5 6$%&
5. Q# -{G`$%&
6. ! *"#$%&
Q# -( )
Under each category, L%"V "W*s are declined one by one according to their last letter
in the order of <%Q4P9)FG%".

1
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

The next two stras are the only stras which give L%"V "W*-)!U%.

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.2.45 0 ?>Wf%V9Ld& L%"V "W*< 3


A group of letters, which is meaningful, which is neither f%V nor Ld, and which
does not end with Ld, is termed L%"V "W*.

0>? V 1/1
3 f%V& 1/1 Ld& 1/1 L%"V "W*< 1/1
3

4 words in the )FG, no (>t"| is required.


3
0>? V 1/1 0&? " S"V 0>? V3 that which has meaning; adjective to \]o <; 3 this
is )!U`.1
f%V& 1/1 ( f%V& f%V& not f%V; this is )!U`.
Ld& 1/1 ( Ld& Ld& ; there are two meanings 1. not Ld&; 2. not that which
ends with Ld by the "9p%1% LdQ4 VW Q<;3 this is )!U`.
3
L%"V "W*< 1/1 This is )!U%.

[LSK] f%V< 2/1


3 Ld< 2/1
3 Ld% < 2/1
3 n 0 > "? d% 0 0>? V 1/1
3 \]o < 1/1
3 L%"V "W*)!U< 1/1
3 %V III/1
3

Excluding f%V, Ld, and Ld-ending word, the meaningful original form of word
(a group of letters) gains L%"V "W*)!U%.

This stra is applicable to \]. "| refers to this stra to define L%"V "W*
without "|. For example, 9%< as W\90 G, *jW2Q, etc.

. )" <3 S"V )FG 4 L0<< "("W


3 k< )3 a < )%f"dV
3 3
< L*91< 3
O9p<%& VG OW_ )"f_ L%"V "W*
3
Lf%(Vd% h4\(4 V!U%">f%d*)FG< OQ 0>? "W%"W
In order to make )a which was presented at the beginning in the stra 1.4.14
)" ! W<,3 the #T")^% *_<W`*%9, who is starting the group of six sections, at the

1
3 ">"QVW%W4W Q< 3 When Ld is mentioned, it should be understood
( -) LdQ4 d%V )
as the one which starts from what is enjoined with Ld and ends with the Ld. (L*t "V and Ld
together.)

2
"5 6$%& . .5

3
beginning teaches 1.2.45 0>? V, a stra which enjoins L%"V "W*-)!U%, because L%"V "W* is
predominantly an h4\ (to which ) , 3 ">f4d, is given in )""f).

3
f(< >(< 3
S%W_ 3 U%->%9%d 0>? V3 S"V
L"V>?< )!
For not giving L%"V "W*-)!U% to each letter such as f, 3 , (, 3 etc., 0>? V3 is told.
Q(3 S%W_ (#j %"W-O "|->%9%d f%V& S"V
3
In order to avoid (#j from Q( (Q( 3 #/
+ 3 *V?"9/III/1), f%V& is told.

3
. Ld& S"V G Ld W< O> ?V4, VG *& Ld 9& 9& n Ld% 9& LdQ "9p%1d% Ld\]%V 3
3
VW ">"f& V& OQ Ld< Ld% 3 S%"W
<n
In Ld&, the word Ld is repeated twice. One is conveying Ld itself, and the
other is conveying Ld% by "9p%1% LdQ4 VW Q<.3

3
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*< 3


3
That which ends with *t V-Ld or V"^VLd, and that which termed )<%), is termed
L%"V "W*.

1/3
3
*t V-V"^V-)<%)%& n 0 ~ L%"V "W*< 1/1
3

2 words in the )FG, 1 word as (>t"|


3
*t V-V"^V-)<%)%& 3 V"^V& n )<%)%& n *t |"^V)<%)%& (ID); by the "9p%1% LdQ4
1/3 *t V n
VW Q<,3 the words which are *t W and V"^V% are understood; 3.1.93 *t W"V3 , 4.1.76
3
V"^V%&, and 2.1.3 L%2%9%V )<%)&, they are all )!U%s; this is )!U`.
n 0 This brings L%"V "W*<. 3
3
L%"V "W*< 1/1 This is )!U%.

[LSK] *t |"^V% _ 1/2 )<%)%& 1/3 n 0 V0% 0 & III/3


3
Those which end with *t V-Ld and V"^V-Ld, and )<%)s are termed L%"V "W*.

By this stra, *t W and V"^V% get L%"V "W*-)!U% which was debarred by the word
Ld& in the previous stra.
The word )<%) in this stra excludes >%s from L%"V "W*-)!U% unless otherwise
termed )<%). In this sense, this word is "(d<. >% was not excluded in the previous stra,
and now )<%) is told which can be redundant. In such case, ")^4 )"V O9i& "(d<%d, it is
understood as restriction.

Note:
n, 3 * , 3 etc. )<%)% -V"^VLd-ending )<%) is considered to be V"^V% . [p x 1-162]
)<%) is for the >%. This is not considered to be Ld% because there is no suffix to
3 ">"QVW%W4W Q<
9%< + V yet. The "9p%1% LdQ4 d%V ) 3 makes it clear.

4
"5 6$%& . .5

3
The next stra enjoins 21 ) -Lds after L%"V "W*.

[">"f)FG<]3 4.1.2 o_ )<_k%%"i{4 %{")5%{)j)%!j 3 ~


3
%%"V "W*%V Ld& 9
)-5 y- )-3 <-y
3 3
3-\)-%-%< 3 -4
-"p) 3 -%<-)
3 3
-")5 3
-%<-) 3 -u)
-) 3 3
-O< 3
-"-u) 3 1/1
-) 3 ~ % -3

L%"V "W*%V 5/1


3 Ld& 1/1 n 0 Ld& 1/1

1 word in the )FG; 3 words as (>t"|


)-5 y- )-3 <-y
3 3
3-\)-%-%< 3 -4
-"p) 3 -%<-)
3 3
-")5 3
-%<-) 3 -u)
-) 3 3
-O< 3
-"-u) 3 1/1
-) 3
(SD).
3
% -L%"V "W*%V 3 5/1 After {G`Lds ` (` , 3 `1, 3 `(),3 O (%
3 , 3 2% , 3 n% ),3 and L%"V "W*
(SD); from "f*%9-)FG 4.1.1; in "Wzdjv4 <`.
Ld& 1/1 From "f*%9-)FG 3.1.1; this is )!U%.
9& 1/1 From "f*%9-)FG 3.1.2; after which is connected with "Wzdjv4 <`.
n 0 Connecting two words.

3 L0<% < y
[LSK] ) y ) S"V 3 3 "ZV`d% % %< "p)
3 \) S"V 3 3 VtV`d% 4 %< )
S"V 3 3 nV0
S"V
3
")5 %< ) 3
S"V 3
<` ) u) 3
O< 3 1` " u) )
S"V 3 S"V
3 )<`

P ini did not define L0<%, "ZV`d%, etc., terms. Hence #T")^% W_<W`*%9 gives those
terms to each triplet of ) . 3

5
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[ "f*%9)FG<]3 3
4.1.1 % -L%"V "W*%V 3
From here onward, until the end of 5th chapter, Lds are enjoined after `, O , 3 and
L%"V "W*.

3
`-O -L%"V "W*%V 5/1
3 ~ Ld& 1/1 n 0 Ld& 1/1

1 word in the )FG, 3 words as (>t"|


3
`-O -L%"V "W*%V 3 5/1 After {G`Lds ` (` , 3 `1, 3 `(),3 O (%
3 , 3 2% , 3 n% ),3 and L%"V "W*
(SD); in "Wzdjv4 <`.

This stra governs the entire 4th and 5th chapter, in which ) -Ld,
3 {G`Ld, and
V"^VLd are taught.

The significance of `-O 3 is not after `-O , 3 ) -Ld


3 should be suffixed. "9p%1%
3 tells that after suffixing {G`Ld, the word is treated as
L%"V "W*Q4 "#$">"\k%" Q<
L%"V "W*. Because this "9p%1% eliminates the necessity of `-O 3 before L%"V "W*%V,3 and
3
also there are other {G`Lds such as l 3 are not mentioned, this is not for ) -Ld. The
significance of `-O 3 is when ` or O , 3 and V"^V-Ld are applicable to a given L%"V "W*
at the same time, only after ` or O , 3 V"^V-Ld should be suffixed.

6
"5 6$%& . .5

[ "f*%9)FG<]3 3.1.1 Ld&


From here onward, until the end of 5th chapter, that which is told in the 1st case is
termed Ld.

Ld& 1/1
1 word in the )FG
Ld& 1/1 This is )!U%; as an "f*%9, this word is read with other stras, and words in
)<%(%"f*9, in 1st case, are termed Ld.

This stra governs the entire 3rd, 4th and 5th chapter, in which )(%"WLd, *t V-Ld,
3
3
"V-3 Ld, ) -Ld, {G`Ld, and V"^VLd are taught.

[ "f*%9)FG<]3 3.1.2 9
And it (Ld) is after.

9& 1/1 n 0
2 words in the )FG
9& 1/1 After; where Ld should be affixed is told; by this stra, Lds are
understood as suffix.
n 0 Connecting to the previous stra.

[LSK] S"V 0 "f*t 0 % %V 5/1


3 Oa %V 5/1
3 L%"V "W*%V 5/1
3 n 0 94 7/1 )-OWd& 1/3 Ld%& 1/3 & III/3

3
Having made the topic as thus, after `-ending word, O -ending word, and L%"V "W*,
) 5 etc., are the suffixes.

7
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.4.103 ) & ~ G`" G`" *\& *>n("Z>n(ab>n(%"(


) & 6/1 ~ G`" 1/3 G`" 1/3 *\& 0 *>n(-"Z>n(-ab>n(%"( 1/3
1 word in the )FG; 4 words as (>t"|
) & 6/1 Of ) ; 3 )}4 1`.
G`" 1/3 L%"V "W* is "G; three.
G`" 1/3 "Z"& (repetition) indicates to cover all.
3 5.4.43 ) x*>n(% >`%d%<;3 *x *<, 3 every one.
*\& 0 * + \) by
*>n(-"Z>n(-ab>n(%"( 1/3 These are )!U%s; *>n(! n "Z>n(! n ab>n(! n *>n(-"Z>n(-
ab>n(%"( (ID).

[LSK] ) & 6/1 G`" 1/3 G`" 1/3 >n(%"( 1/3 *\& 0 *>n(-"Z>n(-ab>n(-)!U%"( 1/3 & III/3
3
Each triplet of ) -Ld, each Ld is termed *>n(, "Z>n(, and ab>n( respectively.

With these two sets of )!U%s, namely seven ">p", divisions (L0<%, "ZV`d%, etc.,) and
3
three >n(s, numbers (*>n(, "Z>n(, etc.,) all the 21 ) -Lds are termed uniquely.

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

L0<% )5 y )3

"ZV`d% <3 y 3 \) 3

VtV`d% % %< 3 "p) 3

nV0 4 %< 3 ) 3

<` ")5 %< 3 ) 3

1` ) 3 u) 3 O< 3

)<` " u) 3 ) 3

8
"5 6$%& . .5

-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) 9%<

3
After defining L%"V "W* and ) -Ld, declension starts.
The first group is -ending masculine words. In #T")^% *_<W`, three types of -
ending masculine L%"V "W* are declined. They are:
1. Plain -ending, like 9%<.
2. -ending )>?(%<. There are further divisions in this category.
3. "( 9? -\]. There is a stra particularly for declining this word.

Before declining L%"V "W*, "| of the word can be studied to see how the word
3 T, 3 which does not have any particular stra for
should be declined. 9%< is made of 9< +
declension.
3
9< H`2%d%< 3 T 3
+ 3
3.3.121 Q# ~ T 3 "5 ) )!U%d%< L%d4
3
9%< + 7.2.116 V h f%d%& ~ >t"^&
9%< 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*< 3

Now, there is a ">>%, desire to tell, 9%< in first case singular.


The case is decided by ">p" section in the 2nd %d 3rd %W, which should be studied
separately.
To express singularity and duality, the next ">"f)FG enjoins *>n( and "Z>n(-)!U*
Ld.

9
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

3
) -Lds and "V-3 Lds are divided and termed *>n(, "Z>n(, and ab>n( by 1.4.102
V%4*>n("Z>n(ab>n(%&.
The next stra teaches that Lds termed *>n( and "Z>n( have to be used when
dual and singular are meant, respectively.

[">"f)FG<]3 1.4.22 4*dj"Z>n( x*>n(4


"Z-*dj& 7/2 "Z>n(-*>n( 4 1/2
2 words in the )FG
"Z-*dj& 7/2 Z_ n *& n 4*_ (ID), Vdj&; in ">1d)<`.
"Z>n(-*>n( 4 1/2 *>n(! n "Z>n(! n "Z>n(-*>n( 4 (ID).

[LSK] "Z-*dj& 7/2 V4 1/2 & III/2


3
In the sense of two-ness and oneness, these two ("Z>n( and *>n(-)!U*-) -Ld)
should be suffixed.

3
Since the ">>% is singular, this stra decides that, out of the 21 ) -ds,
*>n()!U*-Lds, i.e., ),5 <, 3 %, 4 , ")5, ), 3 " are to be used.
3
Out of the seven ) -Lds, which ">p" is used (L0<%, "ZV`d%, etc.,) is decided by
another study. Now, L0<% is taken in the example.

9%< + ) 5 3
4.1.2 o_ )<_ 3 ~ %%"V "W*%V Ld& 9
1.4.103 ) & ~ G`" G`" *\& *>n("Z>n(ab>n(%"(
1.4.22 4*dj"Z>n( x*>n( 4
9%< + ) 3 1.3.2 h W4\4 ((%")* SV 3 1.3.9 V #j &
W-)!U% 1.4.14 )" ! W< 3
9%< 5 8.2.66 )) 1j 5 : ~ W
9%< 9 3 1.3.2 h W4\4 ((%")* SV 3 1.3.9 V #j &

To apply 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&, >)%(-)!U% is required. The next stra defines
>)%(-)!U%.

10
"5 6$%& . .5

The next stra gives >)%(-)!U% to the absence of letters.

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.4.110 ">9%<j>)%(<3


">9%<& 1/1 >)%(< 1/1
3

2 words in the )FG


3 ">9%<&; in which there is cessation is called
">9%<& 1/1 This is )!U`; ">9V4 "( S"V
">9%<&; absence of letter.
3
>)%(< 1/1 This is )!U%.

[LSK] >%?(%< 6/3


3 p%>& 1/1 >)%()!U& 1/1 %V III/1
3
The absence of letters is termed >)%(.

[LSK] 5 -">)v 1/2 9%<& 1/1


5 by 8.2.66 )) 1j 5 : and ">)v? by 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&, the form 9%<& is
accomplished.

9%< + ) 5 3
4.1.2 o_ )<_ 3 ~ %%"V "W*%V Ld& 9
1.4.103 ) & ~ G`" G`" *\& *>n("Z>n(ab>n(%"(
1.4.22 4*dj"Z>n( x*>n( 4
9%< + ) 3 1.3.2 h W4\4 ((%")* SV 3 1.3.9 V #j &
W-)!U% 1.4.14 )" ! W< 3
9%< 5 8.2.66 )) 1j 5 : ~ W
9%< 9 3 1.3.2 h W4\4 ((%")* SV 3 1.3.9 V #j &
>)%(-)!U% 1.4.110 ">9%<j>)%(< 3
9%<& 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d& ~ 9&

11
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

Now, the ">>% is two Rmas, or 9%< and 9%<. The next stra tells that the L%"V "W*
should be said only once.

[">"f)FG<]3 1.2.64 ) %%<4*\41 *">p_ ~ >


) %%< 6/3
3 *\41& 1/1 *">p_ 7/1 > 0

3 words in the )FG, 1 word as (>t"|


3
) %%< 6/3 )<%(! ! d41%! V4 (116B) V41%<;3 that which have the same form; "(f%?94 1`
(among ).
*\41& 1/1 "\V4 S"V \41& *<?" T;3 *& n )_ \41& n *\41& (KT)
*">p_ 7/1 *% n )_ ">p"& n *">p"& (KT), V%<;3 in 9)<`.
> 0 From 1.2.65 >t^_ dF(% V64W>4 ">\41&, by L"V#j<%(*1?.

To begin with, the simple meaning can be understood first by 0 ? of L0<%>t"|&.


[LSK] ) %%< 6/3
3 \]%(%< 6/3
3 *">p_ 7/1 9V& 0 *\41& 1/1 p>"V III/1, 0%?V 03 *& 1/1 "\V4 III/1, SV94
1/3
"(>?V ? 4 III/1
Among the L%"V "W*s which have the same form, when one (same) ">p" is following,
one remains. That means, one remains and others will go.

For example, among the same L%"V "W*s, namely 9%<s, when one ">p" is to be
suffixed, only one L%"V "W* remains. The two-ness, or many-ness is expressed by the ) -3
Ld, even after keeping only one L%"V "W*.
9%< + 9%< + L0<% (), y, ))3
9%< + L0<% 1.2.64 ) %%<4*\41 *">p_
9%< + y 1.4.22 4*dj"Z>n( x*>n( 4

12
"5 6$%& . .5

#T")^% *_<W` gives more meaning:


For *\41 to be applied, all the L%"V "W*s should decline in the same manner in every
">p".
[LSK] *">p_ 7/1 d%"( 1/3 ) %" 1/3 > 0 qk%"( 1/3 V41%< 6/3
3 *& 1/1 > 0 "\V4 III/1

When each one ">p" follows, those L%"V "W*s, whose forms are the same, are seen,
among them, only one form remains.
This meaning covers a certain situation: two L%"V "W*s which are in the same form as
L%"V "W*, but decline differently in some places.
For example, there are two L%"V "W*s <%Vt: one is mother and the other is one which
measures. Because of the difference in "|, derivation, they decline differently in L0<%
and "ZV`d%, but in the same manner in VtV`d% to )<`, as seen in the chart below.
These two <%Vts are not qualified for *\41, since the declension should be in the
same manner in all ">p"s.

<%Vt (y%"W*Vt &, ((`) <%Vt (<% 3 <%( 4 + Vtn, 3 "94|%)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3 *>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

L0<% <%V% <%V9_ <%V9& <%V% <%V%9_ <%V%9&

"ZV`d% <%V9< 3 <%V9_ <%V& <%V%9< 3 <%V%9_ <%V( 3

VtV`d% <%G% <%Vt%< 3 <%Vt"p& <%G% <%Vt%< 3 <%Vt"p&

nV0 <%G4 <%Vt%< 3 <%Vt& <%G4 <%Vt%< 3 <%Vt&

<` <%V& <%Vt%< 3 <%Vt& <%V& <%Vt%< 3 <%Vt&

1` <%V& <%Gj& <%V%< 3 <%V& <%Gj& <%V%< 3

)<` <%V"9 <%Gj& <%Vt1 <%V"9 <%Gj& <%Vt1

)}jf(< 3 <%V& <%V9_ <%V9& <%V& <%V%9_ <%V%9&

As for two 9%<s, they decline in the same way in very ">p", thus *\41 is applied.

9%< + y 3 "QV%d%< is
Here, 6.1.88 >t"^94"n ~ OV )! 3 L%. The next stra is >%W for it.

13
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[">"f)FG<]3 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )


? >?& ~ *& W`T?& "n >F ? 9dj& *& )!"QV%d%< 3
? >?W`T ? takes place in 1st and 2nd case when * 3 is followed by n. 3
>F )

5 7
*3 n3 of L0<%/"ZV`d%

1
? >?W`T ?
>F )

L0<dj& 6/2 >F )


? >?& 1/1 ~ *& 5/1 W`T&? 1/1 "n 7/1 >F ? 9dj& 6/2 *& 1/1 )!"QV%d%< 7/1
3

2 words in the )FG, 6 words as (>t"|


L0<dj& 6/2 L0<% n L0<% n L0<4 (*\41&), Vdj&; first two ">p"s, namely L0<% and "ZV`d%
are intended; in )}4 1` to "n
? >?& 1/1 >F
>F ) ? )>?& >F )
? >?& (6T); adjective to W`T&? .
*& 5/1 L%Q%9& *;3 simple vowels; in >F ? <`.
W`T&? 1/1 This is OW4\; with the adjective >F )
? >?& and *&, the meaning is: one long
vowel which is similar to the >F ? ( *)3 .
"n 7/1 L%Q%9& n; 3 all vowels; in 9)<`; with L0<dj&, the meaning is: n of
3 the 1st

and 2nd case endings.


>F ? 9dj& 6/2 In the place of >F ? ( *)3 and 9 (L0<dj& n);3 in %(d4 jv1`.
*& 1/1 In the place of two, one substitute.
)!"QV%d%< 3 7/1 In the topic of sandhi; in ">1d)<`.

[LSK] *& 5/1 L0<%"ZV`ddj& 6/2 "n 7/1 >F )


? >?W`T&? 1/1 *%W4\& 1/1 %V III/1
3 S"V 0 L%4 7/1
3 L0<% and "ZV`d% follows, W`T ? similar to >F ? letter is the substitute
After *,3 when n of
in the place of >F ? and 9. When this is applicable

14
"5 6$%& . .5

["(14f)FG<]3 6.1.104 (%"W"n ~ L0<dj& >F )? >?& W`T?& >F ? 9dj& *& )!"QV%d%< 3
? >?W`T ? is negated when >? is followed by Sn. 3
>F )

5 7
>? Sn 3 of L0<%/"ZV`d%

1
? >?W`T ?
>F )

( 0 OV 5/1
3 S"n 7/1 L0<dj& 6/2 >F )
? >?& 1/1 W`T&? 1/1 >F ? 9dj& 6/2 *& 1/1 )!"QV%d%< 7/1
3

3 words in the )FG; 6 words as (>t"|


? >?W`T ? from happening.
( 0 Negating >F )
3
OV 5/1 >?; all )>? of by 1.1.69 "W>? n%Ld&; in >F ? <`.
S"n 7/1 L%Q%9& Sn; 3 all vowels other than >?; in 9)<`; with L0<dj&, the meaning is:
3 the 1st and 2nd case endings.
Sn of

Words other than *& 5/1 and "n 7/1, which are overridden by OV 5/1
3 and S"n 7/1, are

taken into consideration as (>t"|.


[LSK] OV 5/1
3 S"n 7/1 ( 0 >F )
? >?W`T&? 1/1 (6.1.88) >t"^94"n - 9%<_
3 L0<% and "ZV`d% follows, W`T ? similar to >F ? letter does not
After >?, when Sn of
happen. Thus >t"^ is the substitute for of 9%< and y of Ld.

9%< + y 3
4.1.2 o_ )<_ 3 ~ %%"V "W*%V Ld& 9
1.4.22 4*dj"Z>n( x*>n( 4
3 L%, but it is negated
? >?& ~ *& "n >F ? 9dj& *& )!"QV%d%< is
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
by 6.1.104 (%"W"n
9%<_ 6.1.88 >t"^94"n

15
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

Now, ">>% is 9%< in the 1st case plural.

[">"f)FG<]3 1.4.21 ab1 ab>n(< 3


ab1 7/3 ab>n(< 1/1
3

2 words in the )FG


ab1 7/3 in ">1d)<`.
3
ab>n(< 1/1 This is ">"f.

[LSK] ab">>%d%< 7/1


3 ab>n(< 1/1
3 %V III/1
3
In the sense of many-ness, a suffix termed ab>n( should be used.

3
Thus ) -Ld 3 to be suffixed.
) is

The 3 the beginning of Ld is SV by


at 3 the next stra.

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.3.7 nF ~ Ld OW4& h W4\ 4 SV 3


In the original texts of grammar, n>v? and >v? at the beginning of Ld is SV. 3

nF 1/2 Ld 6/1 O"W& 1/1 h W4\ 4 7/1 SV 1/1


3

1 word in the )FG, 4 words as (>t"|


nF 1/2 n& n & n nF (ID) n>v? and >v?; this is )!U`.
Ld 6/1 Suffix; in )}1` to O"W&.
O"W& 1/1 Beginning (of the Ld); adjective to nF.
h W4\ 4 7/1 h W4\ means the original texts of grammar; in "f*94 )<`.
SV 3 1/1 This is )!U%.

[LSK] Ld%W_ 7/1 nF 1/2 SV_ 1/2 & III/2


The letters of n>v? and >v? at the beginning of a suffix are SVs.3

16
"5 6$%& . .5

3 U% is L% by 1.3.3 Q#<,3 but negated by 1.3.4 ( ">p_ V%&. For this stra,
SV-)!
">p"-)!U% is required first, which is defined by the next stra.

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.4.103 ">p" ~ "V 3 ) 5 3


3
"V 3 and ) 5 are termed ">p".
">p"& 1/1 n 0 "V 3 1/1 ) 5 1/1
3

2 words in the )FG, 2 words as (>t"|


">p"& 1/1 This is )!U%.
n 0 Connecting "V 3 and ) 5 . 3
"V 3 1/1 From 1.4.101 "V{G`"; by ">p""> "9%< 6/1 is changed to 1/1; this is )!U`.
3
) 5 1/1 From 1.4.103 ) &; by ">p""> "9%< 6/1 is changed to 1/1; this is )!U`.
[LSK] "V-3 _ 1/2 ">p"-)!U_ 1/2 & III/2
3
"V 3 and ) 5 are termed ">p".

3
Note: By the "9p%1% )!U%">f_ LdQ4 VW Q! (%" , ) and "V 3 here in this stra are
understood as Ld themselves, not Ld- , that which ends with Ld.

( -) LdQ4 VW Q< 3 (When Ld is mentioned, that which ends with that Ld


should be understood.)
E.g., 1.2.45 Ld&, by the word 0>? V, 3 even though it is )!U%)FG, Ld% is understood.

( -) )!U%">f_ LdQ4 VW Q! (%" (In )!U%)FG, when Ld is mentioned, there is no


interpretation of that which ends with Ld.)
E.g., 1.4.14 )" ! W< 3
3
E.g., 1.1.22 V9 -V< _ T&
E.g., 1.4.103 ">p"

17
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

3 is
With the ">p"-)!U%, the next stra, which gives exceptions to 1.3.3 Q#< ,
understood.

["(14f)FG<]3 3 3 < 3
1.3.4 ( ">p_ V%& ~ h W4\ 4 SV Q#
When the last consonant is V>v?, ), 3 <, 3 in ) or
3 "V,3 it is not SV. 3

( 0 ">p_ 7/1 V-)-<%&


3 1/3 Q# 1/1
3 < 1/1
3 h W4\ 4 7/1 SV 1/1
3

2 words in the )FG, 2 words as (>t"|


( 0 not
3
">p_ 7/1 ">p" is )!U% for ) and "V 3 1.4.104 ">p" ; in "f*94 )<`.
3 1/3 V is )!U% for V>v?; V n ) n
V-)-<%& 3 < n V%& (ID); the 3 for pronunciation.
after < is
3
Q# 3 1/1 From 1.3.3 Q#< .
3
< 1/1 3
From 1.3.3 Q#< .
h W4\ 4 7/1 h W4\ means the original texts of grammar; in "f*94 )<`.
3
SV 1/1 This is )!U%.
[LSK] ">p"%& 1/3 V>v?-)-<%& 1/3 ( 0 SV& 1/3
In ">p", even if they are consonants at the end, V>v?, ), 3 and < are
3 not SVs.3

[LSK] S"V 0 ) 6/1 ( 0 S< 1/1


3
3 the ">p" does not gain the status of SV. 3
By this stra, the last ) in

[LSK] 9%<%& 1/3


When ">>% is 9%<, 9%<, and 9%<3 in L0<%, only one 9%< remains by 1.2.64 ) %%< 3
*\41 *">p_. The ")"^ of 9%<%& is as follows:

9%< + ) 3 3
4.1.2 o_ )<_ 3 ~ %%"V "W*%V Ld& 9
1.4.21 ab1 ab>n(< 3
9%< + ) 3 1.3.7 nF, 1.3.4 ( ">p_ V%& ~ Q# 3 <, 3 1.3.9 V #j &
9%<%) 3 ? >?& ~ *& "n >F ? 9dj& *& )!"QV%d%< 3
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
W-)!U% 1.4.14 )" ! W< 3
9%<%5 8.2.66 )) 1j 5 : ~ W
9%<%9 3 1.3.2 h W4\4 ((%")* SV 3 1.3.9 V #j &
9%<%& 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d& ~ 9&

18
"5 6$%& . .5

In the sense of )}jf(, calling somebody to get that persons attention, L0<% (),5 y,
))3 is used by the regulation 2.3.47 )}jf( 4 n ~ L0<%. Thus the forms in )}jf( are the
same as the ones in the first case. However the form in singular of )}jf( can be different,
while the forms in dual and plural are always identical to the ones in L0<% with any
3 )}jf( is given a special
L%"V "W*. To make this difference in the form, the L0<% *>n(< in
term by the next stra.

[)!U%)FG<]3 2.3.49 *>n(! )}"^& ~ L0<%d%& )}jf(4


3 )5 in the sense of )}jf( is termed )}"^&.
L0<% *>n(< ()
*>n(< 1/1
3 )}"^& 1/1 L0<%d%& 6/1 )}jf( 4 7/1

2 words in the )FG, 2 words as (>t"|


*>n(< 3 1/1 This is )!U`; *>n( is )!U% defined by 1.4.103 ) &.
)}"^& 1/1 This is )!U%.
L0<%d%& 6/1 L0<% is )!U% given to ),5 y, and ); 3 from 2.3.46; by ">p""> "9%<, 1st case is
changed to 6th case; "(f%?94 1`.
3
)}jf( 4 7/1 In the sense of calling somebody; )v ajf(! )}jf(! ( V "p<Y`*9<%G< 3
("` in 8.2.84 9%^FV 4 n); in ">1d)<`.

[LSK] )}jf( 4 7/1 L0<%d%& 6/1 *>n(< 1/1


3 )}"^)!U< 1/1
3 %V III/1
3
In the sense of calling somebody, the singular of first case ) 5 is termed )}"^.

19
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

In the next stra, $)!U% is defined because it is needed for the next stra to come.

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.4.13 d%d">"fW%"W Ld4$< 3


After which L*t "V a Ld is enjoined, the group of letters which starts from that L*t "V
up to the Ld is termed $.

d%V 5/1
3 Ld">"f& 1/1 VW%"W 1/1 Ld4 7/1 $< 1/1
3

5 words in the )FG, no (>t"| is required.


d%V 3 5/1 After which; dV indicates
3 L*t "V, after which Ld is enjoined.
Ld">"f& 1/1 ">f%(! ">"f& p%>4 "*-Ld; injunction; Ld ">"f& Ld">"f& (6T);
injunction to give Ld.
3 "V < O"W&
VW%"W 1/1 VV L*t 3 3
d \]o VV VW%"W (116B).
Ld4 7/1 In 9)<`.
3
$< 1/1 This is )!U%.

[LSK] d& 1/1 Ld& 1/1 d%V 5/1


3 "HdV4 III/1 VW%"W-\]o < 1/1 3 (Ld4 7/1) $< 1/1
3 V"( 7/1 3 %V III/1
3
After which L*t "V a Ld is enjoined, the group of letters which starts from that L*t "V
up to the Ld is termed $.

3 enjoined after pF f%V. With reference to "V , 3 the $ is the


For example, say "V is
group of letters starting from its L*t "V, which is pF f%V, and ending at itself. Thus the $ for
3 pF + \ .3
"V is
3
L (h )v?) + pF (f%V) + \ (Ld) 3
+ "V (Ld)

In the example of 9%< with )}"^, the $ for )}"^ is 9%<, by 1.4.13
3
d%d">"fW%"W Ld4$< .
9%< (L%"V "W*) + ) 5 (Ld)

20
"5 6$%& . .5

The next stra is for making )}jf( *>n( form.

[">"f)FG<]3 6.1.69 3 o%}^4& ~ Q# 3 #j &


) 5 of )}"^ is elided after 3 and o-ending $.

5 1
3 o
/ 3 )}"^
) of

1
#j (V4)

-3 o%V 5/1
3 )}^4& 6/1 ~ Q# 1/1
3 #j & 1/1

2 words in the )FG, 2 words as (>t"|


3
-3 o%V 5/1 3
L%Q%9& 3 and short vowels; 3 n o& n 3 o< (SD), V%V;3 in >F ? <`.
)}^4& 6/1 In )}4 1`; connected to Q#;3 together, Q# 3 of )}"^, namely the ). 3
3 "V
Q# 3 1/1 From 6.1.68 Q# 3 %j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ; L%Q%9& Q#;3 all the consonants; this
should be read with #j &.
3 that which is elided is #j ;
#j & 1/1 From 6.1.66 #j j j>?"#; V4 S"V #j & *<?" T ;
together, Q# 3 should be elided.
)}"^ is a )!U% given to a Ld. Ld implies $ which is in front of Ld. This is
3
understood by the definition of $ by 1.4.13 d%d">"fW%"W Ld4$< .
Hence, when a word indicating Ld, such as )}"^, is heard after 5th case, then $%V 3
in 5th case is implied. Then, between -3 o%V 5/1
3 and $%V 5/1
3 the VW ">"f by 1.1.72 d4(

">"fW is applied. Thus the >t"| will become as follows:

[LSK] -3 %V 5/1
3 o- %V 5/1
3 n 0 $%V 5/1
3 Q# 3 V4 III/1 )}^4& 6/1 n4V 03

After $ which ends with 3 or o, Q# 3 is elided if it is of )}"^.


[LSK] Q4 9%< Q4 9%<_ Q4 9%<%&
To express 9%< in the ">>% of )}jf( in singular,
9%< + ) 5 2.3.47 )}jf( 4 n ~ L0<% and 1.4.22 4*dj"Z>n( x*>n( 4
)}"^-)!U% for ) 5 by 2.3.49 *>n(! )}"^&
9%< 6.1.69 o%}^4&
For dual and plural, ")"^ is the same as in the normal 1st case.

21
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

Now, in the ">>% of 2nd case dual, 9%< + <, 3 6.1.101 *& )> W`T&? is L%, but 6.1.102
? >?& is the
L0<dj& >F ) >%W. Then the next stra is further >%W.

[">"f)FG<]3 6.1.107 "< >F &? ~ *& "n >F ? 9dj& *& )!"QV%d%< 3
The form >F ? is the one substitute in the place of the >F ? and 9 when * 3 is preceding
3
and n in 3 following.
< is

5 7
*3 3
n in <3

1
>F ?

"< 7/1 >F &? 1/1 ~ *& 5/1 "n 7/1 >F ? 9dj& 6/2 *& 1/1 )!"QV%d%< 7/1
3

2 words in the )FG, 5 words as (>t"|.


"< 7/1 L%Q%9& <; 3 L0<% *>n(< of
3 ) , 3 and also h|< 1& *>n(< of
3 "V;3 in "f*94

)<`.
? <. 3
>F &? 1/1 This is OW4\; >F
*& 5/1 From 6.1.101 *& )> W`T&? ; L%Q%9& *;3 simple vowels; in >F ? <`.
"n 7/1 From 6.1.77 S*j d"n; L%Q%9& n; 3 in 9)<`.
>F ? 9dj& 6/2 From "f*%9)FG 6.1.84 *& >F ? 9dj&; in the place of >F ? ( *)3 and 9 (L0<dj&
n);3 in %( 4djv1`.
*& 1/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.1.84 *& >F ? 9dj&; in the place of two, one substitute.
3
)!"QV%d%< 7/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.1.72; in the topic of sandhi; in ">1d)<`.

[LSK] *& 5/1 "< 7/1 "n 7/1 >F


? < 1/1
3 *%W4\& 1/1 %V III/1
3 9%<< 2/1
3 9%<_ 2/2

The form >F ? is the one substitute in the place of the two when * 3 is preceding and
3
n in 3 following.
< is
9%< + < 3
9%<< 3 6.1.107 "< >F &? ~ *& "n *& >F ? 9dj&
The process of 2/2 is the same as 1/2.

22
"5 6$%& . .5

Now, the ">>% is 2nd case plural. In 9%< + \), 3 \ is


3 SV by
3 the next stra.

[)!U%)FG<]3 3
1.3.8 #\V"^V4 ~ h W4\ 4 SV O"W& Ld
In the original texts of grammar, #,3 \, 3 and *>v? letters at the beginning of a Ld
which is not V"^V is SV. 3

#-\-* 1/1 V"^V4 7/1 Ld 6/1 O"W& 1/1 h W4\ 4 7/1 SV 1/1
3

2 words in the )FG, 4 words as (>t"|


#-\-* 1/1 #& n \& n *& n #\* (SD) #,3 \, 3 and letters in *>v?; 3
after # 3 and \ are for
pronunciation (h%9%0&? ); this is )!U`.
V"^V4 7/1 ( V"^V& V"^V& (NT) that which is not V"^V; in "f*94 )<`.
Ld 6/1 Suffix; in )}1` to O"W&.
O"W& 1/1 Beginning (of the Ld); adjective to nF.
h W4\ 4 7/1 h W4\ means the original texts of grammar; in "f*94 )<`.
3
SV 1/1 This is )!U%.

[LSK] V"^V-> -? Ld%%& 1/3 #\*>v%?& 1/3 SV& 1/3 & III/3
#,3 \, 3 and *>v? letters at the beginning of a suffix other than V"^V are termed SV. 3

9%< + \) 3
9%< + ) 3 1.3.8 #\V"^V4 , and 1.3.9 V #j &
9%<%) 3 ? >?& ~ *& "n *& >F ? 9dj& )!"QV%d%< 3
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
? >?& in "! #$, the next stra should follow to
Now, after applying 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
3 (. 3
change the last ) to

23
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[">"f)FG<]3 6.1.103 V%)j (& "! ) ~ )!"QV%d%< 3


? >?W`T ? by 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
After >F ) 3 \) is
? >?&, ) of 3 masculine.
3 replaced by ( in

5 6
? >?W`T ?
>F ) 3 \) 3
) of

1
(3

V%V 5/1
3 \)& 6/1 (& 1/1 "! ) 7/1 )!"QV%d%< 7/1
3

4 words in the )FG, 6 words as (>t"|


3
V%V 5/1 L%"V "W* VW 3 refers to >F )
? >?W`T ? in the previous stra; in >F ? <`.
\)& 6/1 In %(d4 jv% 1`; with 1.1.52 #j, and the meaning is: in the place of ) 3
of \). 3
(& 1/1 This is OW4\; the 3 h%9%0 ?.
after ( is
"! ) 7/1 In ">1d)<`.

? >?W`T%?V 5/1
[LSK] >F ) 3 9& 1/1 d& 1/1 \)& 6/1 )& 1/1 ()*%9& 1/1) V 6/1 (& 1/1 %V III/1
3 "! ) 7/1
? >?W`T ? by 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
After >F ) 3 the substitute in the place of ) of
? >?&, ( is 3 \) 3

in masculine.
? >?W`T%?V 5/1
With all the "9p%1%, >F ) 3 h|9& 1/1 d& 1/1 \)& 6/1 & 1/1 )& 1/1 ()*%9& 1/1) V
6/1
%( 4 7/1 (& 1/1 %V III/1
3 "! ) 7/1

9%< + \) 3
9%< + ) 3 1.3.8 #\V"^V4 , and 1.3.9 V #j &
9%<%) 3 ? >?& ~ *& "n *& >F ? 9dj& )!"QV%d%< 3
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
9%<%( 3 6.1.103 V%)j (& "! )
Now, the 94 can cause , change into , 3 on the last ( by
3 the next stra, but it is

negated by the following stra.

24
"5 6$%& . .5

[">"f)FG<]3 8.4.2 3*%(3 >%d4" ~ 91%%< (&


3 & )<%( W4

3
( after 3 replaced by , 3 even though 3, *, , O,3 or (< are
3 is
9/1 3 intervening.

5
Any of 6
W 3 3
9/1 (3
3 (< 3
3/*/ /O/

1
3

7/1 0
3
3-*-%-3 (<->%d4 " 91%%< 5/2
3 (& 6/1 & 1/1 )<%( W4 7/1

2 words in the )FG, 4 words as (>t"|


3
3-*-%-3 (<->%d4 7/1 L%%Q%9& 3; all the vowels and Q 3, d, 3 >, 3 and 9;3 *5 and 5 are h"WV, 3
3 Ov<; 3 n *& n & n O 3 n (< n
representing their )>?s; O 3 is in L%"W, (< is 3 3-*-%-3
3
(<& (ID), V&x >%d& >f%(< (3T), V"(3 in )"V)<`.
" 0 Even though.
3
91%%< 5/2 3
9& n 1& n 91_ (ID), V%%< ; 3 h%9%0 ?; in >F ? <`.
after both 9 3and 1 is
(& 6/1 L%"V "W* is (; 3 in %(d4 jv% 1`.
& 1/1 This is OW4\; the 3 h%9%0 ?, not intended.
after is
3
)<%( W4 7/1 )<%(! W< )<%( 3
W< (KT), V"(;3 *"( 3 W4; in one word; in "f*94 )<`.

[LSK] 3 *>v?& >v?& O 3 (< -3 V&x 3/3 x& 3/3 d0%)i>< 03 "<"#V&x 3/3 n 0 >f%( 4 7/1 " 0
91%%< 5/2
3

9 6/1 ( 6/1 & 1/1 )<%( W4 7/1 S"V 0 L%4 7/1


Even when there is intervention by 3, *, , O,3 or (<, 3 any one of them or any
3 the substitute in the place of ( after
possible combination of them, is 3 3 one word.
9 3or 1 in
When this is applicable

25
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

["(14f)FG<]3 8.4.37 W% ~ (& & (


does not take place at the end of W.

5
Any of 6
W 3 3
9/1 (3
3 (< 3
3/*/ /O/

1
3

W% 6/1 (& 6/1 & 1/1 ( 0


1 word in the )FG, 3 words as (>t"|
W% 6/1 W & W% &, V.
( 0 Negation of ; from 8.4.34 ( p%pF to 8.4.39 %"W1 n; these stras are teaching
conditions where should not happen.
(& 6/1 L%"V "W* is (; 3 in %(d4 jv% 1`.
& 1/1 This is OW4\; the 3 h%9%0 ?, not intended.
after is

3
[LSK] ( 6/1 & 1/1 ( 0 9%<%( 2/3
3
will 3 the end of W.
not become substitute for ( at

26
"5 6$%& . .5

[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.12 %")5)%"<(%%& ~ V& $%V 3


3
%, ")5, and ) are replaced by S(, OV, 3 and , respectively, after short -ending $.

5 6
$ V3 %/")5/) 3

1
3
S(/OV/

%-")5-)%< 6/3
3 S(-OV-%&
3 1/3
V& 5/1 $%V 5/1
3

2 words in the )FG, 2 words as (>t"|


3
%-")5-)%< 6/3 %& n ")& n & n %")5)& (ID), V41%<;3 in %(d4 jv% 1`.
3
S(-OV-%& 3 & n S(%%& (ID); by d0%)<W4\& )<%(%<,3
1/3 This is OW4\; S(& n OV n
%"((s3 and OW4\s are connected respectively.
3 because this word is ">\41 (adjective) to $%V, 3
V& 5/1 From 7.1.9 Vj "p) w) ;
3
VW ">"f is applied by 1.1.72 d4(">"fW , and it becomes W %V with $%V. 3
3
$%V 5/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $; by ">p""> "9%<, the 6th case is changed to 5th
case; in >F ? <`.

Even though it is under 6.4.1 $ "f*%9, the section starting from 7.1.1 d>j9(%*_
to 7.1.57 vj W% 4 gives OW4\s and Ov<s to Lds. Thus the 6th case ending word $
should undergo ">p""> "9%< to 5th case.

[LSK] W %V 5/1
3 %W`(%< 6/3
3 S(%Wd& 1/3 & III/3

S( OV, 3 and are substitutes in the place of %, ")5, and ), 3 respectively, when they
are preceded by -ending $.
[LSK] < -3 9%<4
9%< + %
9%< + S( 7.1.12 %")5)%"<(%%& ~ V& $%V 3
9%<4( 6.1.87 O& ~ "n )!"QV%d%< 3
9%<4 3 & )<%( W4
8.4.2 %>%d4" ~ 91%%< (&

27
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[">"f)FG<]3 7.3.102 )"5 n ~ V& W`T?& d" $


3
The last letter of short -ending $ becomes W`T,? when followed by d-beginning
3
) -Ld.
6 7
$ V3 d 3 ) 5 3

1
W`T ?

7/1
)"5 n 0 V& 6/1 W`T&? 1/1 d" 7/1 $ 6/1
2 words in the )FG, 4 words as (>t"|
)"5 7/1 L%Q%9& ) 5 ; 3 indicating all 21 ) -Lds;
3 in 9)<`.
n 0 Connecting with the previous stra 7.3.101 Vj W`T d" ~ )%>?f%V*4 .
V& 6/1 From 7.3.101 Vj W`T d" ; because this word is ">\41 (adjective) to $,
VW ">"f is applied by 1.1.72 d4(">"fW , and it becomes W with $.
W`T&? 1/1 This is OW4\.
d" 7/1 L%Q%9& d; 3 because this word is #-Q
3 (mentioning of letters) and
)<%(%"f*9 to 7th case ending word )"5 , VW%"W">"f is applied by (>%-) d4( ">"fW%W%>Q4,
3
and it becomes d%W_ with )"5 ; d-beginning 3
) 5 -Lds are: %<, 3 "p), 3 and ). 3
$ 6/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $; in %(d4 jv% 1`.

[LSK] d%W_ 7/1 )"5 7/1


V& 6/1 $ 6/1 W`T&? 1/1
W`T ? is the substitute in the place of the last letter of short -ending $, when it is
3
followed by d-beginning 3
) 5 -Ld.
1.1.52 #j is required to decide the %"((. 3 To decide which W`T ? sound, 1.1.50
%(4 9V<& is required. O is the most similar sound to %"((, 3 which is .
3
[LSK] 9%<%%<
9%< + %< 3
9%<%+ %< 3 7.3.102 )"5 n ~ V& W`T&? d" $
9%<%%< 3

28
"5 6$%& . .5

[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.9 Vj "p) w) 3 ~ $%V 3


3 replaced by w). 3
After short -ending $, "p) is

5 6
$ V 3 "p) 3

1
w) 3

V& 5/1 "p)& 6/1 w) 1/1


3 ~ $%V 5/1
3

3 words in the )FG; 1 word as (>t"|


V& 5/1 Because this word is ">\41 (adjective) to $%V, 3 VW ">"f is applied by 1.1.72
3
d4(">"fW , and it becomes W %V with $%V. 3
"p)& 6/1 L%"V "W* "p); 3 VtV`d% ab>n(< of
3 ) -Ld;
3 in %( 4djv% 1`.
3
w) 1/1 This is OW4\.
3
$%V 5/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $; by ">p""> "9%<, the 6th case is changed to 5th
case; in >F ? <`.

[LSK] W %V 5/1
3 9 5/1 9 6/1 "p)& 6/1 w) 1/1
3 %V III/1
3
3 the substitute in the place of all the letters of "p), 3 when it is preceded by -
w) is
ending $.
First, 1.1.52 #j is negated by "9p%1% 1.1.54 OW4& 9 because a 5th case
ending word is indicating where the OW4\ should take place, hence the situation where the
3 to be replaced is L%. This is negated by 1.1.55 (*
first letter of "p) is 3 because
4 %"V )>?
3
w) is 4 %#,3 more than one letter, and this stra is 9. By the force of 1.4.2 ">L"V14f 4 9! *%d?<,3
(*
3 is effective. Thus all the letters of "p) are
4 %"V )>?
1.1.55 (* 3 to be replaced.
3 (1.1.55) 9%<x& 3/3
[LSK] ( 4*%"V )>?
9%< + "p) 3
9%< + w) 3 7.1.9 Vj "p) w) 3 ~ $%V 3
9%<x) 3 3 "QV%d%< 3
6.1.88 >t"^94"n ~ OV )!
9%<x& 5 ">)v

29
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.13 4 d ?& ~ V& $%V 3


4 is replaced by d, after short -ending $.

5
6
$ V3 4

1
d

4 & 6/1 d& 1/1 ~ V& 5/1 $%V 5/1


3

2 words in the )FG; 2 words as (>t"|


3 ) -Ld;
4 & 6/1 L%"V "W* 4 ; nV0 *>n(< of 3 in %(d4 jv% 1`.
d& 1/1 This is OW4\.
3 because this word is ">\41 (adjective) to $%V, 3
V& 5/1 From 7.1.9 Vj "p) w) ;
3
VW ">"f is applied by 1.1.72 d4(">"fW , and it becomes W %V with $%V. 3
3
$%V 5/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $; by ">p""> "9%<, the 6th case is changed to 5th
case; in >F ? <`.

[LSK] V& 5/1 $%V 5/1


3 4 & 6/1 d-OW4\& 1/1

d is the substitute in the place of 4 , when it is preceded by -ending $.


9%< + 4
9%< + d 7.1.13 4 d&? ~ V& $%V 3
9%<% + d 7.3.102 )"5 n ~ V& W`T&? d" $
3
Now, to apply 7.3.102 )"5 n , d-O"W 3
) Ld should follow. Here there is only d
which is OW4\, not Ld.
The next stra extends the status of Ld which belongs to 4 to OW4\ d, by teaching
3 inherited by OW4\.
the status of %"(( is

30
"5 6$%& . .5

[ "VW4\)FG<]3 1.1.56 %"(>W%W4\j("f_


OW4\ is like %"( for a ">"f which is not depending on letter ( #)3 of %"((. 3

%"(>V 03 OW4\& 1/1 ("f_ 7/1


3 words in the )FG, no word is required as (>t"|.
3 like %"((; 3 by 5.1.115 V4( V! "Hd% n4W 3 >"V&.
%"(>V 03 %"((% V< ;
OW4\& 1/1 A substitute.
("f_ 7/1 #%/ #&/ #&/ "# ">"f& ""f& (3, 5, 6, 7T), V"(; 3 a ">"f which is
enjoined through/after/on/before #;3 in whatever the )<%), a ">"f whose condition
depends on #;3 in ">1d)<`.

[LSK] OW4\& 1/1 %"(>V 03 %V III/1


3 , ( 0 V 0 %"(- #-Ocd-">f_
3 7/1

OW4\ is like %"((, 3 but not with reference to a ">"f which depends on # 3 of %"((. 3

"`*%9 makes it more clear.


[LSK "`] %"(<` 1/1 d& 1/1 # 1/1 3
3 VV-"("<|*4 7/1
">f_ 7/1 (*%d 7/1) %"(>%>& 1/1 ( 0 S"V 0 0&?
1/1

%"(>%> (being like %"(()3 is not there in the rule (effect) which is caused by the
letter ( #)3 belonging to %"(.

[LSK] S"V 0 %"(>%V 5/1


3 )" n (7.3.102) S"V 0 W`T&? 1/1 9%<%d 4/1 9%<%%< 4/2
3

Thus d-OW4\ being %"(>V, 3 W`T ? by 7.3.102 )" n is applied.


9%< + 4
9%< + d 7.1.13 4 d&? ~ V& $%V 3
9%<% + d 7.3.102 )"5 n ~ V& W`T&? d" $
3
The d is considered to be ) -Ld 3
by 1.1.56 %"(>W%W4\j("f_ . The condition d is
seen on the OW4\, not %"((. 3

31
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

3
[K] f%V- $-*t V-V"^V- 3
d-) -"V-3 W-OW4\%& 1/3
OW4\ can inherit these status from %"((: 3 f%V, $, *t , V"^V, d, ), "V,
W.
[K] f%V-OW4\& 1/1 f%V>V 03 p>"V III/1 4p&F ? (2.4.52) p">V%, p">V<, 3 p">V< 3
3 f%V. In Of?f%V*">>% -
) is
pF 2.4.52 4p&F ? ~ Of?f%V*4
pF + Vtn 3 3.1.113 >tn_ ~ f%Vj& Ld&
The OW4\ pF is treated like f%V by 3.1.113 >tn_ .
3
[K] $-OW4\& $>V p>"V 7.2.103 "*<& *& *4 (, *%%<, 3 *x &
3 %< 3
"*< + 3
"*< is $.
* + %< 3 7.2.103 "*<& *& ~ ">p_
*% + %< 3 7.3.102 )" n ~ V& W`T&? d" $
The OW4\ * is treated like $ by 7.3.102 )" n .
3 \& *t ZV p>"V
[K] *t V-OW4 3 L*t , L
L + *t + % 3
% is *t V-Ld.
L + *t + 3 7.1.37 )<%)4( >F j 3
L + *t V* 3 + d 6.1.71 o " "V *t "V V* 3
3 treated like *t V-Ld
The OW4\ is 3 by 6.1.71 o " "V *t "V V* 3 .
3
[K] V"^V-OW4\& V"^V>V p>"V W%"f*<, 3 V(< 3
W"f + * 3 * 3 is V"^V-Ld.
W"f + S* 7.3.50 4*&
W%"f + S* 7.2.117 V"^V4n%<%W4& ~ ""V >t"^&
3 S*
W%f + 6.4.148 d4"V n
The OW4\ S* is treated like V"^V-Ld by 6.4.148 d4"V n .
+ is V"^V-Ld.
+ V 3 d 4.3.23 )%d!"n9... -#_ V 3 n
+V3 ( 7.1.1 d>j9(%*_
The OW4\ ( is treated like V"^V-Ld by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*<. 3
3
[K] d-OW4\& d>V p>"V L, L
L + + %

32
"5 6$%& . .5

L + + 3 7.1.37 )<%)4( >F j 3


L + V* 3 + d 6.1.71 o " "V *t "V V* 3
L + )
L 2.4.82 d%W% & ~ * 3
3 treated like %. Thus d-)!U% is given to a
The OW4\ is words by 1.1.40
%Vj))(& .
3 \& )V p>"V
[K] ) -OW4 3 >t%d
See the example of 9%<%d.
3
[K] "V-3 OW4\& "VV p>"V *V%< 3
*t + # 3 3.2.111 ((V4 # 3
*t + V) 3 3.4.78 "V"{ ~ #
*t + V%< 3 3.4.101 V"< %! V% %<&
*t + h + V%< 3 3.1.79 V(%"W*t h&
*9 3+ h + V%< 3 7.3.84 )%>?f%*%f?f%V*dj& ~ v&
*9 3+ h + V%< 3 6.4.110 V h%>?f%V*4
3 + *V%?< 3 6.4.71 ##t 2W%|&
3 treated like "V-3 Ld by 3.4.113 "V"3 \V )%>?
The OW4\ V%< is 3 f%V*< .
3
3
[K] W-OW4\& W>V p>"V %<j >& o< 3
3 W
d %*< is
>) 3 8.1.21 ab>n( > )_
>& 8.2.66 )) 1j &, 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&
3 treated like W by 8.2.66 )) 1j & and 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&.
The OW4\ >) is

33
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

1) #% ">"f&
F j9 4 (
3 )5
F + ) 5 + h9) + 4 < W%0 ~ ab `"Q& )<%)&
2.2.24 (*
3 * 3
F j9) + 5.4.151 h9&Lpt"V& * 3
F j95 + * 8.2.66 )) 1j &
F j9& + * 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&
3 *
F j9 ) + 8.3.38 )j W%W_
Now, the L%"V "W* is declined in 3/1.
F j9 4 (
3 \ as ">)v?,
94 can be the "("<| for by 8.4.2 %>%d4" by considering ) OW4
%"(>V. 3 Note that ">)v? is counted in 3 as djv>%Q.
%(` = : (">)v?&)
OW4\& = ) 3
#% ">"f& = 8.4.2 %>%d4"
3
In the view of 8.4.2 %>%d4" , ) cannot be %"(>V, 3 like ">)v?, because 8.4.2
%>%d4" is ""f, that which depends on #.3

2) #& 5/1 ">"f& ( #& 9& ">"f&)


_&
3 )5
"W> +
"W y + ) 3 "W> yV 3
3 ) 5 after Q# 3 is elided by 6.1.68 Q# 3 %j W`T%?V )
) of 3 "V
t ! Q# 3 ~ #j &. This stra is
""f (5T) because the change is depending on #,3 which is told in 5th case.
%(` = > 3
OW4\& = y
3 "V
#& ">"f& = 6.1.68 Q# 3 %j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ~ #j &
In the view of 6.1.68, being ""f, y OW4\ is not considered to be >, 3 %"(>V. 3

34
"5 6$%& . .5

3) #& 6/1 ">"f&


*%<&
3 *%<
"W> +
"W h + *%< "W> hV 3
3
> followed by ># 3 is elided by 6.1.66 #j j j>?"# . This stra is ""f (6T) because
the change is depending on # 3 which is %"((, 3 told in 6th case.
%(` = > 3
OW4\& = h
#& ">"f& = 6.1.66 #j j j>?"#
In the view of 6.1.66 #j j j>?"# , being ""f, h OW4\ is not considered to be >, 3
%"(>V. 3

4) "# 7/1 ">"f&


* Sk&
3
d + 3.2.102 "(%
S 3 V
+ 6.1.15 >"no" d %W`(%! "*"V ~ ) )%9< 3
3 V
S + ? <3
6.1.108 ) )%9% ~ >F
3 V
S1 + 8.2.36 ~{ )t <t d 9% ~% \%! 1&
3
S1 + 8.4.41 k(% k&
Now, ">)v?)" between *& and Sk& is done.
3 Sk&
*) +
*5 + Sk& 8.2.66 )) 1j &
h is the substitute in the place of 5 which is followed by Q\, 3 by 6.1.114 Q"\ n.
6.1.114 Q"\ n stra is ""f (7T) because the change is depending on # 3 which is 9"("<|,
told in 7th case.
%(` = d 3
OW4\& = S
#& ">"f& = by 6.1.114 Q"\ n
In the view of 6.1.114 Q"\ n , being ""f, S OW4\ is not considered to be d, 3 %"(>V. 3

35
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[">"f)FG<]3 7.3.103 ab>n(4 4V 3 ~ V& )" $


3
The last letter of short -ending $ becomes , when followed by #-beginning ) -3
Ld in plural.
6 7
$ V3 3 ab>n(
# 3 ) 5 in

ab>n( 4 7/1 "# 7/1 V 1/1


3 V& 6/1 )"5 7/1
$ 6/1
2 words in the )FG, 4 words as (>t"|
ab>n( 4 7/1 ab>n( is )!U% given to ), 3 \), 3 "p), 3 ), 3 ), 3 O<, 3 ) by
3 1.4.103 ) &;

adjective to )"5 .
"# 7/1 L%Q%9& #;3 because this word is #-Q
3 and )<%(%"f*9 to 7th case ending
word )"5 , VW%"W">"f is applied by (>%-) d4( ">"fW%W%>Q4, and it becomes #%W_ with
3
)"5 ; #-beginning 3
) 5 -Lds which are termed ab>n( are: "p), 3 ), 3 and ) . 3
3
V 1/1 This is OW4\; V 9*9 is just for clarity.
V& 6/1 From 7.3.101 Vj W`T d" ; because this word is ">\41 (adjective) to $,
VW ">"f is applied by 1.1.72 d4(">"fW , and it becomes W with $.
)"5 7/1 L%Q%9& ) 5 ; 3 indicating all 21 ) -Lds;
3 in 9)<`.
$ 6/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $; in %(d4 jv% 1`.

[LSK] #%W_ 7/1 ab>n( 4 7/1 )"5 7/1


V& 6/1 $ 6/1 *%9& 1/1
is the substitute in the place of the last letter of short -ending $, when it is
3
followed by #-beginning 3
) 5 -Ld which is termed ab>n(.
[LSK] 9%<4& 4/3
9%< + ) 3
9%<4+ ) 3 7.3.103 ab>n( 4 4V 3 ~ V& )"5 $
9%<4& 5 -">)v

36
"5 6$%& . .5

7/1
[LSK] )" "*< 03 ? n < II/3
3
3 #j 3/*V?"9/II/3
n+
3
n+ <3 3.4.78 "V"{... ~ #
3
n+ 4 3.4.79 "V O ( 4 W%(%! 4 94
3
n+ <3 3.4.91 )>%%! >%<_ ~ #j&
3 \ +
n+ 3 <3 3.1.68 *V?"9 \ 3 ~ )%>?f%V*4
n+ <3
3 #%"W ab>n( Ld, and $ is W . However, because
< is 3 not ) , 3 7.3.103
< is
ab>n( 4 4V 3 ~ V& )"5 $ is not applicable.

37
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[">"f)FG<]3 3 3
8.4.56 >%>)%(4 ~ #%< n9
The replacement of # 3 with n9 3is optional when >)%(, the absence of letter follows.

6 7
# 3 >)%(

1
n9 3
Optional

>% 0 >)%( 4 7/1 ~ #%< 6/3


3 n9 1/1
3

2 words in the )FG, 2 words as (>t"|


>% 0 This rule is optional.
>)%( 4 7/1 >)%( is )!U% defined as the absence of letter, by 1.4.110 ">9%<j>)%(<;3 in
9)<`
3
#%< 6/3 L%Q%9& #;3 in %(d4 jv% 1`.
n9 31/1 This is OW4\; L%Q%9& n9;3 letters in the 1st of the class and \, 3 1, 3 ). 3

[LSK] >)%( 4 7/1 #%< 6/3


3 n9& 1/3 >% 0

n9 3are the optional substitutes in the place of # 3 when >)%( follows.


[LSK] 9%<%V 5/1
3 , 9%<%W 35/1

9%< + ")5
9%< + OV 3 7.1.12 %")5)%"<(%%& ~ V& $%V 3
9%<%V 3 6.1.101 *& )> W`T&? ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
9%<%W 3 8.2.39 #%! \j 4
9%<%V 3 8.4.56 >%>)%( 4 ~ #%! n9 3

[LSK] 9%<%%< 5/2


3 9%<4& 5/3 9%< 6/1

7.3.102 )" n , 7.3.103 ab>n( 4 4V, 3 7.1.12 %")5)%"<(%%& are used respectively.
Note that all of them are for W - $.

38
"5 6$%& . .5

[">"f)FG<]3 7.3.104 u") n ~ V 3 V& $


the last letter of short -ending $ becomes , when followed by u). 3

6 7
$ V3 u) 3

u") 7/1 n 0 ~ V 1/1


3 V& 6/1 $ 6/1
2 words in the )FG; 3 words as (>t"|
u") 7/1 L%"V "W* u); 3 in 9)<`.
n 0 Connecting the previous stra.
3
V 1/1 This is OW4\; V 9*9 is just for clarity.
V& 6/1 From 7.3.101 Vj W`T d" ; because this word is ">\41 (adjective) to $,
VW ">"f is applied by 1.1.72 d4(">"fW , and it becomes W with $.
$ 6/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $; in %(d4 jv% 1`.

[LSK] V& 6/1 $ 6/1 *%9& 1/1


is the substitute in the place of the last letter of short -ending $, when it is
followed by u). 3
[LSK] 9%<dj& 6/2
9%< + u) 3
9%<4+ u) 3 7.3.104 u") n ~ V 3 V& $
3 u) 3
9%<d + 6.1.78 njd>%d%>& ~ "n
9%<dj& 5 -">)v

39
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[">"f)FG<]3 3
7.1.54 o(% j ( 3 ~ $%V O<&
( 3-Ov< comes before O<, 3 when o, (W`, or O" -ending $ precedes.

5 6
o/(W`/
$ O< 3
O 3
1
( 3

o-(% & 5/1 ( 1/1


3 $%V 5/1
3 O<& 6/1

2 words in the )FG, 2 words as (>t"|


3 o-(% (SD),
o-(% & 5/1 o& n (W` n O n 3 V ; because this word is ">\41
(adjective) to $%V, 3 VW ">"f is applied by 1.1.72 d4(">"fW , and it becomes o% %V, 3
(W`- %V, 3 and Oa %V with
3 $%V. 3
( 3 1/1 This is Ov<; by 1.1.46 O _ "*V_, ( 3 is O"W- >d> to the 6th case-ending
word, O<. 3
O<& 6/1 From 7.1.52 O"< )>?(% & ) 3 ; by ">p""> "9%<, it changes to 6th case, since
the Ov< is for O<; 3 in %(d4 jv% 1`.
3
$%V 5/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $; by ">p""> "9%<, it changes to 5th case; in
>F ? <`.

[LSK] o% %V 5/1
3 (W`- %V 5/1
3 Oa %V 5/1
3 n 0 $%V 5/1
3 9 6/1 O<& 6/1 ( 3-Ov<& 1/1
3
( 3 is the Ov< to O< which 3
is after o-ending, (W`-ending, or O -ending $.

40
"5 6$%& . .5

[">"f)FG<]3 6.4.3 (%"< ~ $ W`T?&


The last letter of 3
- $ is elongated when (%< follows.

6 7
$ n3 (%< 3

1
W`T ?

(%"< 7/1 ~ $ 6/1 W`T ?& 1/1


1 word in the )FG, 2 words as (>t"|
(%"< 7/1 L%"V "W* (%<; 3 ) -Ld
3 3
O< with ( 3-Ov<; in 9)<`.
W`T&? 1/1 This is OW4\; from 6.3.111 #j 4 >F
? W`T& .

$ 6/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $; in %(d4 jv% 1`.

The word W`T ? as OW4\ brings n& 6/1 by 1.2.28 n. n& 6/1 is ">\41 of $ 6/1, thus
VW ">"f by 1.1.72 d4( ">"fW is applied. Read together, $ is understood.
1.1.52 #j is applied.

[LSK] - $ 6/1 W`T&? 1/1


3
W`T&? is the substitute in the place of the last letter of n-ending 3
$ when (%< follows.
[LSK] 9%<%%< 6/3
3

9%< + O< 3
3
9%< + ( O< 3 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3 ~ O<&
9%<% + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ~ W`T&? $
9%<%%< 3 3 & )<%( W4
8.4.2 %>%d4" ~ 91%%< (&

[LSK] 9%<4 7/1 9%<dj& 7/2


9%< + "
9%< + S (a#j &
9%<4 6.1.87 O&
7/1
[LSK] )" 4 7/1 *t V4 7/1

41
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

9%< + ) 3
9%< + ) (a#j &
9%<4 + ) 7.3.103 ab>n( 4 4V 3

[">"f)FG<]3 8.3.59 OW4\Lddj& ~ S*j& ? &


W% )& <Ff
W% 3 Ld or
) of W% 3
) which is OW4\ is replaced by 1, 3 when preceded by S*.

5 6
W% 3 Ld, or
) of
3
S/*
W% 3
) which is OW4\

1
? (1)3
<Ff

OW4\-Lddj& 6/2 ~ S*j& 6/1 W% 6/1 )& 6/1 <Ff


? & 1/1
1 word in the )FG; 4 words as (>t"|
OW4\-Lddj& 6/2 OW4\& n Ld& n OW4\Ld_ (ID), Vdj; in )}1`.
3 *& n S* (SD), V; L%Q%9& S; 3 all vowels
S*j& 6/1 From "f*%9)FG 8.3.57 S*j&; S n
except >?, and Q 3, d, 3 >, 3 9,3 #;3 * represents all *>v?; in >F ? <`.
W% 6/1 From "f*%9)FG 8.3.55 ? &; adjective to )&.
W% <Ff
)& 6/1 From 8.3.56 )Q4& )%2& )&; in %(d4 jv% 1`.
? & 1/1 This is OW4\; from "f*%9)FG 8.3.55
<Ff ? &.
W% <Ff

3 )}1`, but of two different types.


OW4\ and Ld are connected to ) in
3
The 1` of OW4\ is p4W-O" *% 1`, telling that ) and OW4\ are identical, excluding
OW4\s such as "V)t by 7.2.99 "GnV9j& "{Gd%! "V)tnV)t. The form should be "V &, "V)t"p&, etc.,
? .
without <Ff
3 a part of Ld. Just like in the case of 9%< + ).
The 1` of Ld is >d>1`. ) is
[LSK] S*%< 5/2
3 9 6/1 W% 6/1 OW4\ 6/1, Ld- >d>& 1/1 n 0 )& 1/1 V 6/1, <Ff
? -OW4\&
1/1

3
? is the substitute in the place of ) which
<Ff 3 not at
is OW4\ or a part of Ld. The ) is
the end of W, and is after S*.

42
"5 6$%& . .5

? OW4\ is decided by 1.1.50 %(4 9V<&


<Ff
[LSK] [1W 3">>tV 6/1 ) 6/1 V%q\& 1/1 > 0 1& 1/1 9%<41
9%< + ) 3
9%< + ) (a#j &
9%<4 + ) 7.3.103 ab>n( 4 4V 3
9%<4 + 1 8.3.59 OW4\Lddj& ~ ? & S*j&
W% )& <Ff

[LSK] >< 03 *t -OWd& 1/3 " 0


W %& 1/3

43
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

Summary of declension of 9%< ( - -! 1)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


9%< + ) 5 9%< + y 9%< + ) 3
9%<5 8.2.66 6.1.102 is L%, but negated by 9%<%) 3 6.1.102
1
9%<& 8.3.15 6.1.104. 9%<%5 8.2.66
9%<_ 6.1.88 9%<%& 8.3.15
9%< + ) 5
S1 same as above same as above
9%< 6.1.69
9%< + < 3 9%< + \) 3
9%<< 3 6.1.107 9%<%) 3 6.1.102
2 same as above 9%<%( 3 6.1.103
8.4.2 is L%, but negated
by 8.4.37.
9%< + % 9%< + %< 3 9%< + "p) 3
9%< + S( 7.1.12 9%<% + %< 3 7.3.102 9%< + w) 3 7.1.9
3 9%<4( 6.1.87 9%<%%< 3 9%<x) 3 6.1.88
9%<4 8.4.2 9%<x5 8.2.66
9%<x& 8.3.15
9%< + 4 9%< + ) 3
9%< + d 7.1.13 9%<4 + ) 3 7.3.103
4 same as above
%"(>%> for d-OW4\ 1.1.56 9%<45 8.2.66
9%<% + d 7.3.102 9%<4& 8.3.15
9%< + ")5
9%< + OV 3 7.1.12
5 9%<%V 3 6.1.101 same as above same as above
9%<%W 3 8.2.39
9%<%V 3 8.4.56
9%< + ) 3 9%< + u) 3 9%< + O< 3
9%< + 7.1.12 9%<4 + u) 3 7.3.104 9%< + (%< 3 7.1.54
6 9%< 9%<d +3 u) 3 6.1.78 9%<% + (%< 3 6.4.3
9%<dj5 8.2.66 9%<%%< 3 8.4.2
9%<dj& 8.3.15
9%< + " 9%< + ) 3
7 9%<4 6.1.87 same as above 9%<4 + ) 7.3.103
9%<41 8.3.59

44
"5 6$%& . .5

-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) )>?(%< #1 )>?

The second paradigm of *%9% - "5 6$ is of )>? and other L%"V "W*s which are termed
)>?(%< by the next stra. These L%"V "W*s decline in a different manner because of four
3 U%.
stras which use )>?(%< )!
The basic paradigm of -*%9% )>?(%< L%"V "W* is similar to 9%<-\], except in five
places. The difference is made by four stras which have )>?(%< as a condition.

The difference from 9%<-\] ( - -! 2 )(%?< #1)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

)>? + ) 3
1 )>? + \` 7.1.17
)>
S1 same as above

)>? + 4
4 )>? + x 7.1.14
)>? x
)>? + ")5
5 )>? + %V 3 7.1.15
)>?%V 3
)>? + O< 3
)>? + ) 3 O< 3 7.1.52
6 )> + )%< 3 7.2.103
)> + 1%< 3 8.3.59
)>1%< 3
)>? + "
7 )>? + "( 3 7.1.15
)>?"( 3
The rest declines like 9%<.

45
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

The next stra defines )>?(%< )!U%.

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.1.27 )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"(


The members of )>%?"W-v (a group starting from )>?) are termed )>?(%<.

)>%?W`"( 1/3 )>?(%<%"( 1/3


2 words in the )FG, no (>t"| is required.
)>%?W`"( 1/3 This is )!U`; a group (v) of words starting with )>?.
)>?(%<%"( 1/3 This is )!U%.

The members of )>%?"W-v are enumerated in the >t"|.


3 (<4 )< ")< >F -? 9- >9-W"-h|9-
[LSK] )>? ">P hp hpd 2V9 2V< V9 SV9 V 9-
f9%" >%d%< 3 )!U%d%< 3 o< 3 U%"V-f(-O%d%< 3 3
9< a"Qdv-h )!%(dj& W 3 VW 3 dW 3 VW 3
SW< 3 W) *
3 "Z d W 3 W 3 p>V 5 "*< 3

The members of )>%?"W-v are of 35 types.


1. )>? all
2. ">P all
3. hp both ("("Z>n(% &)
4. hpd 3
that which contains two things (V "Z>n(! (%")
5. 2V9 V"^V-Ld to "*<, 3 VW 3, dW 3, * to make *V9, VV9, dV9, and *V92
6. 2V< V"^V-Ld to "*<, 3 VW 3, dW 3, * to make *V<, VV<, dV<, and *V<
7. another, other
8. V9 one of the two
9. SV9 the other
10. V 3

2
2V9 is suffixed to "*<, 3 dW 3, and VW 3 by 5.3.92 "*! d|Wj "(f%?94 Zdj94* 2V9n 3 to make *V9, dV9, and VV9.
2V< is optionally suffixed to "*<, 3 dW 3, and VW 3 by 5.3.93 >% am(%! %"V "9L 4 2V<n 3 to make *V<, dV<, and
VV<. These 2V9 and 2V< are suffixed to * optionally by 5.3.94 *% L%n%< 3 to make *V9 and *V<.
)>?(%<-)!U% is given to 2V9, 2V<-ending words. Even though there is a "9p%1% )!U%">f_ LdQ4 VW Q!
3 taken here.
(%", if Ld itself is taken, it becomes 0 ?, meaningless. Thus VW Q< is

46
"5 6$%& . .5

11.
12. (<4 half
13. )< )>? (not same)
14. ")< )>? d%?d&

>F -? 9- >9-W"-h|9- 9- f9%" >%d%< 3 )!U%d%< 3


This is an v?-)FG, a stra in the v. This v?-)FG teaches that in order to be
counted in the v these seven words should necessarily require a referential point, should
not be proper nouns.
15. >F ? east, before, etc.
16. 9 latter, another, superior
17. >9 inferior
18. W" south
19. h|9 north, latter one
20. 9 another
21. f9 lower

3
9< a"Qdv-h )!%(dj&
This v?-)FG teaches that in order to be counted in the v the word o should
indicate O % (oneself) or O `d (that which belongs to oneself).
22. o oneself, that which belongs to oneself

o< 3 U%"V-f(-O%d%< 3
This v?-)FG teaches that in order to be counted in the v the word should
indicate a"Qdv (that which is outside) or h )!%( (that which is covered).

23. 9 that which exists outside, inner layer of cloths


24. W 3 that
25. VW 3 that
26. dW 3 that which
27. VW 3 this

47
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

28. SW< 3 this


29. W) 3 that
30. * one, some
31. "Z two
32. d W 3 you
33. W 3 I, we
34. p>V 5 revered you
35. "*< 3 what

In this section, only -*%9% L%"V "W*s in masculine gender are studied. Among
)>?(%<s, -*%9% L%"V "W*s are: )>? ">P hp hpd 2V9 2V< V9 SV9 (<4 )< ")< >F ? 9 >9
W" h|9 9 f9 o 9 and *.
3
Note that W 3 VW 3 dW 3 VW 3 "*< also decline like -*%9% )>?(%< L%"V "W*.

48
"5 6$%& . .5

[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.17 )& \` ~ V& )>?(% &


3 replaced by \`, after short -ending )>?(%<.
) is

5
6
)>?(%< V3 )3

1
\`

)& 6/1 \` 1/1 ~ V& 5/1 )>?(% & 5/1


2 words in the )FG; 2 words as (>t"|
)& 6/1 L%"V "W* ); 3 L0<% ab>n(< of
3 ) -Ld;
3 in %(d4 jv% 1`.
\` 1/1 This is OW4\.
3 because this word is ">\41 (adjective) to )>?(% &,
V& 5/1 From 7.1.9 Vj "p) w) ;
3
VW ">"f is applied by 1.1.72 d4(">"fW , and it becomes W %V with )>?(% &.
)>?(% & 5/1 From 7.1.14 )>?(% & x ; L%"V "W* which is termed )>?(%< by 1.1.27 )>%?W`"(
)>?(%<%"(; in >F ? <`.

[LSK] W %V 5/1
3 )>?(% & 5/1 )& 6/1 \` 1/1 %V III/1
3
\` is the substitute in the place of ), 3 when it is preceded by -ending )>?(%<.
4 %%V 5/1
[LSK] (* 3 )>?-OW4\& 1/1

The OW4\ \` is (* 3
4 %# 3 (\ and 3 replaced.
4 %">?, the whole ) is
[). By 1.1.55 (*
Only after getting %"(>%> by 1.1.56 %"(>W%W4\j("f_, \` gets the status of Ld, then \ 3
3 1.3.8 #\V"^V4 .
is termed SV by
[LSK] )> 1/3
)>? + ) 3
)>? + \` 4 %">?
7.1.17 )& \` ~ V& )>?(% &, With the help of 1.1.55 (*
)>? + [ \` gains the status of Ld by 1.1.56 %"(>W%W4\j("f_.
3 termed SV by
Then \ is 3 1.3.8 #\V"^V4 , thus elided by 1.3.9 V #j &

)> 6.1.87 O&

49
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.14 )>?(% & x ~ V& 4


4 is replaced by x, after short -ending )>?(%<.

5
6
)>?(%< V3 4

1
x

)>?(% & 5/1 x 1/1 ~ V& 5/1 4 & 6/1


2 words in the )FG; 2 words as (>t"|
)>?(% & 5/1 L%"V "W* which is termed )>?(%< by 1.1.27 )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"(; in >F ? <`.
x 1/1 This is OW4\.
3 because this word is ">\41 (adjective) to )>?(% &,
V& 5/1 From 7.1.9 Vj "p) w) ;
3
VW ">"f is applied by 1.1.72 d4(">"fW , and it becomes W %V with )>?(% &.
3 ) -Ld;
4 & 6/1 L%"V "W* 4 ; nV0 *>n(< of 3 in %(d4 jv% 1`.
[LSK] V& 5/1 )>?(% & 5/1 4 & 6/1 x 1/1
x is the substitute in the place of 4 , when it is preceded by -ending )>?(%<.
[LSK] )>? x 4/1
)>? + 4
)>? + x 7.1.14 )>?(% & x ~ V& 4 &

50
"5 6$%& . .5

[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.15 ")j& %" (_ ~ V& )>?(% &


3
")5 and " are replaced by %V and "(, 3 respectively, after short -ending )>?(%<.

5
6
)>?(%< V3 ")5/"

1
3
%V/"( 3

")-j& 6/2 %V-"(_


3 1/2
~ V& 5/1 )>?(% & 5/1
2 words in the )FG; 2 words as (>t"|
3
")-j& 6/2 ")& n "& n ")` (ID), Vdj& ; <` *>n(< and 3 ) -Ld;
)<` *>n(< of 3

in %(d4 jv% 1`.


3
%V-"(_ 1/2 This is OW4\; %V n 3 %"
3 "( n (_ (ID) .
3 because this word is ">\41 (adjective) to )>?(% &,
V& 5/1 From 7.1.9 Vj "p) w) ;
3
VW ">"f is applied by 1.1.72 d4(">"fW , and it becomes W %V with )>?(% &.
)>?(% & 5/1 From 7.1.14 )>?(% & x ; L%"V "W* which is termed )>?(%< by 1.1.27 )>%?W`"(
)>?(%<%"(; in >F ? <`.

[LSK] V& 5/1 )>?(% & 5/1 Vdj& 6/2 V_ 1/2 & III/2
[LSK] )>?%V 5/1
3

)>? + ")5
)>? + %V 3 7.1.15 ")j& %" (_ ~ V& )>?(% &
)>?%V 3

51
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[">"f)FG<]3 3
7.1.52 O"< )>?(% & ) 3 ~ $%V OV 3
) 3-Ov< comes before O<, 3 when >?-ending )>?(%< precedes.

5 6
$ termed
>? O< 3
)>?(%<

1
) 3

O"< 7/1 )>?(% & 5/1 ) 1/1


3 ~ $%V 5/1
3 OV 5/1
3

3 words in the )FG; 2 words as (>t"|


O"< 7/1 L%"V "W* O<; 3 1` ab>n(< of
3 ) -Ld;
3 in %( 4djv% 1`.
)>?(% & 5/1 L%"V "W* which is termed )>?(%< by 1.1.27 )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"(; in >F ? <`.
) 3 1/1 This is Ov<; by 1.1.46 O _ "*V_, ( 3 is O"W- >d> to the 6th case-ending
word, O<. 3
3
$%V 5/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $; by ">p""> "9%<, it changes to 5th case; in >F ? <`.
3
OV 5/1 From 7.1.50 O )49)* 3 ; because this word is ">\41 (adjective) to $%V, 3
VW ">"f is applied by 1.1.72 d4(">"fW , and it becomes >?- 3
%V with $%V. 3

[LSK] >?- %V 5/1


3 9 6/1 )>?(% & 5/1 ">"QV 6/1 O<& 6/1 ) 3-Ov<& 1/1
3
) 3 is the Ov< to O< which is enjoined after >?-ending )>?(%< $.
Since there is no 6th case ending word but both 5th and 7th case ending words are
3
present, the Ov< is attached to 7th case-ending word by hpd"(W\ 4 <`"(W\j a#`d%( .

[LSK] -14 7/1 )>1%< 6/3


3

)>? + O< 3
3 O< 3 7.1.52 O"< )>?(% & ) 3 ~ $%V OV
)>? + ) + 3 3

)> + )%< 3 7.3.103 ab>n( 4 4V 3 ~ V& $


)> + 1%< 3 8.3.59 OW4\Lddj& ~ S*j&
)>1%< 3

52
"5 6$%& . .5

3
[LSK] )>?"( 7/1
)>? + "
)>? + "( 3 7.1.15 ")j& %" (_ ~ V& )>?(% &
)>?"( 3
[LSK] \41< 1/1
3 9%<>V 03

The rest of the declension is like 9%<.


[LSK] >< 03 ">P-OWd& 1/3 " 0
W %& 1/3
In the same manner, ">P etc., *%9% )>?(%< in masculine decline like )>?.
Those -*%9% )>?(%< L%"V "W*s which decline like )>? in "5 6$ are namely: )>?, ">P, hp,
hpd, 2V9-ending words (*V9, dV9, VV9, *V9), 2V< ending words (*V<, dV<, VV<, *V<),
, V9, SV9, , )<, ")<, and *.
Some of the -*%9% )>?(%< L%"V "W*s do not decline exactly like )>? because of the
optional )>?(%<-)!U% which will be studied later.

Now, each word of the )>%?"W-v is explained and declined.


[LSK] hp-\]& 1/1 "(< 03 "Z>n(- & 1/1 hp_ p%%< 3 hpdj&
hp always ends with "Z>n(-)!U* Lds. hp_ x 2, p%%< x3 3, hpdj& x 2.

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 hp_

S1 hp_

2 hp_

3 hp%%< 3

4 hp%%< 3

5 hp%%< 3

6 hpdj&

7 hpdj&

[LSK] V 6/1 (hp-\]) SQ 0 ()>%?"Wv4) %& 1/1 *n-3 0&? 1/1


There is no specialty as )>?(%< in dual forms. Then why is hp counted in )>%?"W-v?
This is answered in this >t"|.

53
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

3
The reading of hp-\] in )>%?"Wv is meant for *n-Ld.
3
*n-Ld 3 3 4 &. For achieving the
is enjoined after )>?(%< by 5.3.71 d)>?(% %<*n L%*
form hp*, hp-\] is included in )>%?"Wv.
[LSK] hpd-\] "Z>n(< (3 " hpd& hpd4 hpd< 3 hpd%( 3 hpd4( hpd x& hpd x hpd4&
hpd%V 3 hpd4& hpd hpd41%< 3 hpd"( 3 hpd41

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 hpd& hpd4

S1 hpd hpd4

2 hpd< 3 hpd%( 3

3 hpd4( hpd x&

4 hpd x hpd4&

5 hpd%V 3 hpd4&

6 hpd hpd41%< 3

7 hpd"( 3 hpd41

[LSK] 2V92V<_ 1/2 Ld_ 1/2, Ld-Q4 7/1 VW Q< 1/1


3 S"V 0 VW %& 1/3 % %& 1/3

2V9 and 2V< in )>%?"Wv are Lds. By the "9p%1% LdQ4 VW Q<,3 words which
end with these suffixes are understood.
They are namely *V9, dV9, VV9, *V9, *V<, dV<, VV<, *V<. They all decline like )>? in
masculine.
[LSK] (<4 S"V 0 f 7/1
3
(<4 is in the sense of half. Its )>?(%<-)!U% is optional when ) follows. This is told by
1.1.33 L0<n9<Vd% %?*"V d(<4 %.
[LSK] )<& 1/1 )>? d%?d& 1/1 V d%?d& 1/1 V 0 ( 0, d0%)<(W4\& )<%(%< (1.3.10)
3 S"V 0 U% *%V 5/1
3

)< can mean both all and same. In )>%?"Wv, )< is a synonym of )>?, all. If it
3 6/3 as seen in P inis own stra 1.3.10
means V, same, it declines as )<%(%< in
d0%)<(W4\& )<%(%<.3
When )< is a synonym of )>?, )>?(%<-)!U% is given and it declines like )>?.

54
"5 6$%& . .5

Overview of stras regarding )>?(%< in )FGH<

Now, some more stras related to )>?(%< are introduced.


To have a better grasp, see the following stras in k%%d`)FG %.

()>?(%<-)!U%-L*9<)3
1.1.27 )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"( )>?(%<%"( 36
1.1.32 ">p%1% ") 36
1.1.33 L0-n9<-Vd- -f?-*"V d-(<4 % ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(
1.1.34 >F ? 9%>9W"j|9% 9%f9%" >%d%<)!U%d%< 3 ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(
1.1.35 o<U%"Vf(%%d%< 3 ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(
1.1.36 9! a"Qdvj )!%(dj& ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(

3
By 1.1.27, )>?(%<-)!U% is L% for all the 35 types of L%"V "W* in )>%?"W-v in all 21 ) -Lds.
From 1.1.32 to 1.1.36, )>?(%<-)!U% is told to be optional (">p%1%) for certain L%"V "W*s
3
when ) follows.
Since (<4 , and nine L%"V "W*s starting from >F ? are listed in )>%?"W-v, )>?(%<-)!U% was
L%% by 1.1.27. However, the following stras teach that )>?(%<-)!U% is ">p%1% for them when
3
) follows. This kind of option is called L%% ">p%1%, option to what was available.
Since 6 types of L%"V "W*s starting from L0<, in 1.1.33 are not listed in )>%?"W-v, )>?(%<-
)!U% was not L%% by 1.1.27. 1.1.33 teaches that optional )>?(%<-)!U% is given for them when ) 3
follows. This kind of option is called L%% ">p%1%, option to what was not available.

These are the stras which modify the suffixes after )>?(%<s.
7.1.14 )>?(% & x ~ 4 &
7.1.15 ")j& %" (_ ~ )>?(% &
7.1.16 >F %?"Wj (>j >% ~ ")j& %" (_ )>?(% &
7.1.17 )& \` ~ )>?(% &

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) )>?(%< #2 >F ? etc. 9

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.1.34 >F ? 9%>9W"j|9% 9%f9%" >%d%<)!U%d%< 3


~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(
>F -? 9- >9-W"-h|9- 9- f9%" 1/3 >%d%< 7/1
3 )!U%d%< 7/1
3 ">p%1% 1/1 ") 7/1 )>?(%<%"( 1/3

2 words in the )FG, 3 words as (>t"|


>F -? 9- >9-W"-h|9- 9- f9%" 1/3 Seven words are compounded in ID.
>%d%< 37/1 L%"V "W* is >%; that which requires a referential point; in ">1d)<`.
)!U%d%< 3 7/1 ( )!U% )!U% (NT), V%< ;
3 )!U% here means proper noun; in ">1d)<`.

">p%1% 1/1 The )!U% is optional; this type of ">p%1% is called L%-">p%1%, an option for what
is already given; here, )>?(%<)!U% is already given to those seven L%"V "W*s in a certain
sense, but the )!U% becomes optional because of this stra.; Such option is called L%-
">p%1%.
") 7/1 L%"V "W* is ); 3 L0<% *>n(< of
3 ) -Ld;
3 in 9)<`.
)>?(%<%"( 1/3 This is )!U%.

[LSK] V41%< 6/3


3 >%d%< 7/1
3 )!U%d%< 7/1
3 n )>?(%<)!U% 1/1 v)FG%V 5/1
3 )>?G 0 d% 1/1 L%% 1/1 )% 1/1 ")
7/1
>% 0 %V III/1
3
For those seven words in the sense of that which requires a referential point, and
3
not a proper noun, )>?(%<)!U%, which was applicable everywhere (when any of ) follows)
3
by 1.1.27 )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"(, is optional when ) follows.
This sentence is explaining L%-">p%1%.
[LSK] >F 1/3, >F %?& 1/3
Because )>?(%<)!U% is optional, there are two forms in ). 3

W*t is done for two conditional words.


[LSK] )!U%d%<3 "*< 03 ? h|9%& 1/3 *9>& 1/3
What is the necessity of )!U%d%<3 word? The answer is given by the example
where >F ? is used in the sense of proper noun. The North Kuru. It is just like North
America.

56
"5 6$%& . .5

The word >% in the stra is explained.


[LSK] o- "pf4d- 4 - >"f-"(d<& 1/1 >% 1/1

>% is that which necessarily requires the referential point which is desired to be
known by the meaning of its own word ( >F ,? 9, etc.)
[LSK "`] o >F %?"W W "pf4d& "WzW4\*%# & 0&? V4( 4 <%& " U%<%(& >f4& "(d<&
The necessity of the referential point which is desired to be known by the meaning
of the word such as >F ,? in the form of direction (north, south, etc.), place (upper, lower,
etc.), and time (before, after, etc.)
o- "pf4d- 4 - >"f-"(d<&

6T

3T
KT
6T

o "pf4d& o%"pf4d& (6T), V4( o%"pf4d(4 4 &(


3 *<?" T)3 o%"pf4d%
+ [ + 4 & (3T),
4 & > >"f& o%"pf4d%
o%"pf4d% 4 %>"f& (KT), o%"pf4d%
4 %>f4& "(d<& (6T)
[LSK "`] *%\` >F %?, *V& *F >%?? Ld%v%V3 S"V >! & )& >% S"V
*%\` is east from where (of what) is it east? from Ld%v, *%\` is east such type
is called >%.

[LSK] >%d%<3 "*<?3 W"%& 1/3 v%0*%& 1/3, *\#%& 1/3 S0&? 1/1
3 Skilful singers of Pur as. Here
What is the necessity of the word>%d%<?
W" means *\#, skilful, which does not necessarily require a referential point.

57
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.1.35 o<U%"Vf(%%d%< 3 ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(


o< 1/1
3 U%"V-f(-O%d%< 7/1
3 ">p%1% 1/1 ") 7/1 )>?(%<%"( 1/3

2 words in the )FG, 3 words as (>t"|


3
o< 1/1 This is )!U`.
U%"V-f(-O%d%< 37/1 U%"V& (a relative) n f(< (wealth)
3 n U%"Vf( 4 (ID), Vdj& O% )!U%
U%"Vf(%% (6T), ( U%"Vf(%% U%"Vf(%% (NT), V%<3 not in the sense of a relative and
wealth; in ">1d)<`.
">p%1% 0 The )!U% is optional; this type of ">p%1% is called L%-">p%1%.
") 7/1 L%"V "W* is ); 3 L0<% *>n(< of
3 ) -Ld;
3 in 9)<`.
)>?(%<%"( 1/3 This is )!U%.

The word o has four meanings: 1. O % oneself, 2. O `d& that which belongs to
3
oneself, 3. U%"V& a relative, 4. f(< wealth. By this stra, only in the sense of the first two, o
optionally gains )>?(%<-)!U% in ). 3

[LSK] U%"V-f(- ->%"n(& 6/1 o\] 6/1 L%% 1/1 )!U% 1/1 ") 7/1 >% 0
For the word o, indicating things other than a relative and wealth, the )!U% which is
3
already gained by 1.1.27 )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"( is optional when ) follows.
[LSK] o4 1/3, o%& 1/3 ; O `d%& 1/3, O %(& 1/3 S"V 0 >% 0
By this stra, two forms are available in ). 3 The meaning should be that which
belongs to oneself.
[LSK] U%"V-f(- ->%"n(& 6/1 V 0 o%& 1/3 U%Vd& 1/3 0%?& 1/3 >% 0
Whereas, the form of the word o indicating relatives and wealth is only one, o%&,
meaning relatives or wealth.

58
"5 6$%& . .5

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.1.36 9! a"Qd?vj )!%(dj& ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(


9< 1/1
3 a"Qdv-h )!%(dj& 7/2 ">p%1% 1/1 ") 7/1 )>?(%<%"( 1/3

2 words in the )FG, 3 words as (>t"|


3
9< 1/1 This is )!U`.
a"Qdv-h )!%(dj& 7/2 a"Q& (outside) (%>tV& (unenclosed) W4\& (place), V4( djv& )}&
d )& (that which has connection with outer place) a"Qdv& (316B) h )!>`dV4 "9f`dV4 S"V
3
h )!%(< (that which is covered up, like under-garment); in ">1d)<`.
">p%1% 0 The )!U% is optional; this type of ">p%1% is called L%-">p%1%.
") 7/1 L%"V "W* is ); 3 L0<% *>n(< of
3 ) -Ld;
3 in 9)<`.
)>?(%<%"( 1/3 This is )!U%.

[LSK] a% 4 7/1 "9f%(`d4 7/1 n 0 7/1 9\] 6/1 L%% 1/1 )!U% 1/1 ") 7/1 >% 0
For the word o, indicating outer and under-garment, the )!U% which is already
3
gained by 1.1.27 )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"( is optional when ) follows.
[LSK] 94 1/3, 9%& 1/3 vtQ%& 1/3; a% %& 1/3 S"V 0 0&? 1/1
Houses which are located in outer area.
[LSK] 94 1/3, 9%& 1/3 \%"*%& 1/3; "9f%(`d%& 1/3 S"V 0 0&? 1/1
Under-garment.

3
The last three )!U%)FGs give option to )>?(%<-)!U% for nine L%"V "W*s when ) follows.
And this type of option is called L%-">p%1% because those L%"V "W*s are listed in )>%?"Wv, thus
)>?(%<-)!U% had already been given by 1.1.27 )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"(.

3
The next stra gives option to %V and 3
"( 7.1.15 ")j& %" (_ .

59
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.16 >F %?"Wj (>j >% ~ ")j& %" (_


3
For >F %?"W nine )>?(%<s, the replacement of %V and 3 optional.
"( is

5 6
>F %?"W nine ")5/"

1
Optional
3
%V/"( 3

>F %?"W& 5/3 (>& 5/3 >% 0 ")-j& 6/2 %V-"(_


3 1/2

2 words in the )FG, 2 words as (>t"|


>F %?"W& 5/3 >F &? O"W& d41%! V4 >F %?Wd& (116B), V4&; a group of )>?(%< starting from >F ? by
1.1.34 >F ? 9%>9 to 1.1.36 9! a"Qdvj..; in >F ? <`.
(>& 5/3 >F %?"W consists of nine )>?(%<s, namely, >F ,? 9, >9, W", h|9, 9, f9, o,
9; adjective to >F %?"W&.
>% 0 This is optional.
3
")-j& 6/2 ")& n "& n ")` (ID), Vdj& ; <` *>n(< and 3 ) -Ld;
)<` *>n(< of 3

in %(d4 jv% 1`.


3
%V-"(_ 1/2 This is OW4\; %V n 3 %"
3 "( n (_ (ID) .

[LSK] & 5/3 ")j& 6/2 %" (_ 1/2 >% 0 & III/2
? %V, 3 >F %?V 3 >F "? (, 3 >F
[LSK] >F
>F ? + ")5
>F ? + %V 3 7.1.16 >F %?"Wj (>j >% ~ ")j& %" (_
? %V 3
>F
4
>F ? + ")5
>F ? + OV 3 7.1.12 %"))%"<(%%&
? %V 3
>F
[LSK] >< 03 9%W`(%< 6/3
3 \41< 1/1
3 )>?>V 03

In the same manner, 9 etc. declines. The rest declines like )>?.

60
"5 6$%& . .5

-*%9% - "5 6$-)>?(%< Type B: >F ,? 9, >9, W", h|9, 9, f9, o, 9 (9)

Declension of >F %?"W nine \]s ( - -! 2 )(%?< #2)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 >F /
>F %?&

S1 >F /
>F %?&

5 ? %V/3 >F %?V 3


>F

7 >F "? (/3 >F

\41 ! )>?>V 3

3
)>?(%< is optional when ) follows
1.1.34 >F ? 9%>9W"j|9% 9%f9%" >%d%<)!U%d%< 3 ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(
1.1.35 o<U%"Vf(%%d%< 3 ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(
1.1.36 9! a"Qd?vj )!%(dj& ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(

3
%V/"( 3 \ is optional
OW4
7.1.16 >F %?"Wj (>j >% ~ ")j& %" (_

61
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) )>?(%< #3 L0< etc. 6, #4 ( 4<

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.1.33 L0<n9<Vd% %^?*"V d(4<% ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(


L0<-n9<-Vd- - ^?-*"V d-(<4 %& 1/3 n 0 ">p%1% 1/1 ") 7/1 )>?(%<%"( 1/3
2 words in the )FG, 3 words as (>t"|
L0<-n9<-Vd- - ^?-*"V d-(<4 %& 1/3 Seven words are compounded in ID.
1. L0< first, foremost, principal
2. n9< last, ultimate, final
3. Vd V"^V suffix by 5.2.42 )!%d% >d>4 Vd 3 and 5.2.43 "Z"G%! Vd%d >%
3 (that

which has two parts, etc.)


4. small, little, insignificant
5. ^? half
6. *"V d some, several
7. (<4 half
n 0 Connecting .
">p%1% 1/1 The )!U% is optional; this type of ">p%1% is called hpd-">p%1% because it
contains both L%">p%1% and L%">p%1%. L%">p%1% is for (<4 because )>?(%<)!U% was already
gained by 1.1.27 )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"( as (<4 is listed in the )>%?"Wv. L%">p%1% is for other
L%"V "W*s, starting from L0< and ending with *"V d, as they had never been given
)>?(%<-)!U% before.
") 7/1 L%"V "W* is ); 3 L0<% *>n(< of
3 ) -Ld;
3 in 9)<`.
)>?(%<%"( 1/3 This is )!U%.

[LSK] V4 1/3 ") 7/1 h)!U%& 1/3 >% 0 & III/3


These seven L%"V "W*s optionally gain )>?(%<)!U% when followed by ). 3
[LSK] L0<4 1/3, L0<%& 1/3 Vd& 1/1 Ld& 1/1 "ZVd4 1/3, "ZVd%& 1/3
Vd is a V"^V suffix. By LdQ4 VW Q<,3 L%"V "W* "ZVd, "GVd, etc., are meant.
[LSK] \41< 1/1
3 9%<>V 03

For the first six L%"V "W*s, which have got )>?(%<-)!U% as L%">p%1%, the rest other than
3
) declines like 9%<.

62
"5 6$%& . .5

-*%9% - "5 6$-)>?(%< Type D: L0<, n9<, Vd-ending, , f?, and *"V d (6)

Declension of ( 4< nine \]s ( - -! 2 )(%?< #3)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 L0<4/L0<%&

S1 L0<4/L0<%&

\41 ! 9%<>V 3

[LSK] (<4 4 1/3, (<4 %& 1/3 \41< 1/1


3 )>?>V 03
3
As for (<4 , since it is L%">p%1%, the rest other than ) declines like )>?.
-*%9% - "5 6$-)>?(%< Type C: (<4 (1)

Declension of ( 4< nine \]s ( - -! 2 )(%?< #4)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 ( 4<4/( 4<%&

S1 ( 4<4/( 4<%&

\41 ! )>?>V 3
3
)>?(%< is optional when ) follows
1.1.33 L0<n9<Vd% %^?*"V d(<4 % ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(

63
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

Side note:
There are three types of ">p%1%.

1. L%">p%1% That which is already gained is given an option.


2. L%">p%1% That which is not gained is given an option.
3. hpdG">p%1% Both L% and L% are there.

In L%">p%1%, what is already given is first negated (( p>"V), then optionally given
again (p>"V). This is called ">"f<Y.
On the other hand, in L%">p%1%, what is not gained is given first (p>"V), then
optionally negated (( p>"V). This is called "(14f<Y.
In the case of hpdG">p%1%, the option cannot be told in both ">"f<Y and "(14f<Y at the
same time. To solve this problem, ">p%1% is defined as ( >% S"V.
The )!U%)FG 1.1.44 (>4"V ">p%1% teaches that first "(14f (() is given so that both L%">p%1%
and L%">p%1% are evened out ()<`*9). Only after then ">* (>%) is given to both.

64
"5 6$%& . .5

(>%"V?*<)3 V`d " >% ~ )>?(%<V%


The status of )>?(%< is optionally given to V`d-ending words when followed by "V 3
Lds.

V`d 6/1 " 7/3 >% 0 )>?(%<V% 1/1


3 words in the >%"V?*, 1 word is understood by context.
V`d 6/1 That which ends with V`d suffix; V`d is suffixed to "Z and "G by 5.2.54 Z4`d&
and 5.2.55 G4& )!L)%9! n ; )}4 1` to )>?(%<V%.
" 7/3 L%"V "W* is "V; 3 3 SV d4
3 1%! V4 "V& (116B), V41 ; "Vs3 are 4 , ")5, ), 3 and "; in

9)<`.
>% 0 )>?(%<-)!U% is optional.
)>?(%<V% 1/1 )>?(% & p%>& )>?(%<V%, the status of )>?(%<.

[LSK] "ZV`d x 4/1, "ZV`d%d 4/1 S%"W 1/1 >< 03 VtV`d& 1/1

-*%9% - "5 6$-)>?(%< Type E: V`d-ending (1)

Declension of ( 4< nine \]s ( - -! 2 )(%?< #5)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

S1

4 "ZV`d x/"ZV`d%d

5 "ZV`d%V/3 "ZV`d%V 3

7 3
"ZV`d"(/"ZV`d4

\41 ! 9%<>V 3
3
)>?(%< is optional when "V Ld follows
(>%"V?*<)3 V`d " >% ~ )>?(%<V%

65
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

Summary of declensions of )>?(%<

There are five types of declension in -*%9% )>?(%<.


A. Basic -*%9% )>?(%< declension
)>?, ">P, hp, hpd, 2V9-ending words (*V9, dV9, VV9, *V9), 2V< ending words
(*V<, dV<, VV<, *V<), , V9, SV9, , )<, ")<, and *
B. Basic -*%9% 3
)>?(%< declension + optional )>?(%<-)!U% for ) (L%-">p%1%), and optional
forms in ")5, and "
>F ,? 9, >9, W", h|9, 9, and f9 in the sense of that which requires referential
3
point, and not proper noun, o in the sense of O ( and O `d, 9 in the sense
of outer and inner garment
3 1.1.34
The difference is made by optional )>?(%<-)!U% when followed by ) by
3 1.1.35 o<U%"Vf(%%d%< ,
>F ? 9%>9W"j|9% 9%f9%" >%d%<)!U%d%< , 3 and 1.1.36

9! a"Qdvj )!%(dj& ~ ">p%1% "), and optional forms when ")5 and " are
following by 7.1.16 >F %?"Wj (>j >% ~ ")j& %" (_
C. Basic -*%9% 3
)>?(%< declension + optional )>?(%<-)!U% for ) (L%-">p%1%)
(<4
The difference is made by optional )>?(%<-)!U% by 1.1.33 L0<n9<Vd% %?*"V d( 4<%

The following L%"V "W*s which are not enumerated in )>%?"Wv can decline like )>?(%<
optionally in certain places.

D. Basic -*%9% (9%<>V)3 declension + optional )>?(%<-)!U% for ) (3 L%-">p%1%)


L0<, n9<, Vd-Ld-ending words, f?, *"V d
The optional )>?(%<-)!U% is given by 1.1.33 L0<n9<Vd% %?*"V d(<4 %
E. Basic -*%9% (9%<>V)3 declension + optional )>?(%<-)!U% for "V-Lds
3 ( L%-">p%1%)
V`d-Ld-ending words (only two words: "ZV`d and VtV`d)
The optional )>?(%<-)!U% is given by (>%-) V`d " >%

66
"5 6$%& . .5

-*%9% - "5 6$& (3) "( ?9

The third paradigm of -ending masculine is "( 9? .


"(v?V& 9%d%& "( 9? & (PT) (>%-) "(9%Wd& H% %0 % ~ )<%)&, "(9 3etc., in the sense of H% etc.,
is compounded with a 5th case suffix-ending word, and it is termed )<%).
"(9 3+ 9% + ")5 By being )<%), this is L%"V "W* by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% .
"(9 3+ 9% 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ~ * 3
9% is h ) (? , the one whose meaning is secondary in compound.
"( 9? The last vowel becomes o by 1.2.48 vj"{Gdj ) (? ~ o&.
[LSK] "( 9? &
The declension of this word is special because of the next stra.

[">"f)FG<]3 7.2.101 9%d% 9)V9%< 3 ~ "n ">p_


3
When vowel-beginning ">p" follows, 9% is replaced by 9) optionally.

6 7
9% n 3 ">p"

1
Optional
9) 3

9%d%& 6/1 9) 1/1


3 V9%< 03 ~ "n 7/1 ">p_ 7/1
3 words in the )FG, 2 words as (>t"|
9%d%& 6/1 L%"V "W* 9%; in %(d4 jv% 1`.
3 replaced by 1.1.55 (*
9) 31/1 This is OW4\; the whole %"(( is 4 %">?.
V9%< 03 This is optional.
"n 7/1 From 7.2.100 "n 9 sV&; since this is ">\41 to ">p_, VW%"W">"f is applied by
(>%-) d"" "fW%W>Q4, and it becomes %W_ 7/1 ">p_ 7/1.
3 1.4.104
">p_ 7/1 From 7.2.84 k( O ">p_; ">p" is )!U% given to "V 3 and ) by
">p"; in 9)<`.

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[LSK] %W_ 7/1 ">p_ 7/1


9) is 3
3 the substitute in the place of 9% when n-beginning ">p" follows.
This stra gives L%">p%1%.

Now a question arises. The L%"V "W* "( 9? is derived from 9%, but not exactly 9%. The stra
7.1.101 9%d% 9)V9%< 3 is for 9%. Can this stra still be applicable to 9)?3 The answer
is given by the next "9p%1%.

( "9p%1%) W%$%"f*%94 V n VW n
In the section of W and $, the entity mentioned in a stra indicates itself and
that which ends with that.

W- $- "f*%94 7/1 V 6/1 n 0 VW 6/1 n 0


5 words in the "9p%1%
3
W- $- "f*%94 7/1 In W- "f*%9 and $- "f*%9; W- "f*%9 starts from "f*%9)FG< 8.1.16
3
W up to 8.3.54 S2%d% >%; $- "f*%9 starts from "f*%9)FG< 6.4.1 $ up to 7.4.end;
in "f*94 )<`.
V 6/1 what is mentioned is an indication for that.
n 0 and.
VW 6/1 what is mentioned is also an indication for that which ends with that.
n 0 and.

By this "9p%1%, not only the word 9% (V) but also the word "( 9? (VW ) is
understood because the stra 7.1.101 9%d% 9)V9%< 3 is in $- "f*%9.

Note: This "9p%1% is a L (elaboration) by 1.1.72 d4( ">"fW .

68
"5 6$%& . .5

By the previous "9p%1%, it is understood that 7.1.101 9%d% 9)V9%< 3 is applicable


for "( 9? , that which ends with 9%. Now, 1.1.55 (*
4 %">? is L%. However, should the
3 \? The answer is given by the next "9p%1%.
whole "( 9? -\] be replaced by the 9)-OW4

( "9p%1%) "("W d<%(%W4\% p>"


The OW4\ is for what is presented in the stra only.

"("W d<%( 6/1 OW4\%& 1/3 p>" III/3



3 words in the "9p%1%
"("W d<%( 6/1 of what is presented.
OW4\%& 1/1 substitute.
p>" III/3 are.

By this "9p%1%, only 9 part of "( 9? is replaced by 9). 3

Here, another question arises. The stra 7.1.101 9%d% 9)V9%< 3 tells 9% should
be replaced by 9).3 Here, "( 9? has 9, not 9%. The last long vowel has shortened by
1.2.48 vj"{Gdj ) (? ~ o& in the process of compound. The next "9p%1% gives the
answer.

( "9p%1%) *W4\">*t V<(>V 3


When one part of an entity is modified, the entity does not become another entity. It
retains its own original status.

*W4\">*t V< 1/1


3 (>V 03
2 words in the "9p%1%
*W4\">*t V< 3 1/1 *W4\(4 ">*t V<, 3 that which is modified in one place; 3rd case by 2.3.20
d4(%$">*%9&.
(>V 03 ( & (& (4( V< >V?
3 V 4 5.1.115 V4( V! "Hd% n4Z"V&; it is treated as

the same.

By this "9p%1%, 9 part of "( 9? is considered to be 9%.

69
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[LSK] S"V 0 9-\] 6/1 9) 1/1


3 "( 9? )_ 1/2 "( 9? )& 1/3 S%"W 1/1

By all these "9p%1%s, 7.1.101 9%d% 9)V9%< 3 is applicable to the word 9). 3 And
")"^ is as follows:

"( 9? + y
3 y
"( 9? ) + 7.1.101 9%d% 9)V9%< 3 ~ "n ">p_
"( 9? )_
4
"( 9? _
3
[LSK] 4 Q#%W_ n 9%<>V
3 \ is not taken, and also in the place where Q#%"W-Ld follows, thus
When 9)-OW4
7.1.101 9%d% 9)V9%< 3 is not applicable, "( 9? -\] declines like 9%<.

Declension of "( ?9 ( - -! 3)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 "( ?9)_/"( 9? _ "( ?9)&/"( ?9%&

S1 "( ?9)_/"( 9? _ "( ?9)&/"( ?9%&

2 "( ?9)_/"( 9? _ "( ?9)&/"( ?9%( 3

3 "( ?9)%/"( 9?
4

4 "( ?9)4/"( 9? %d

5 "( ?9)&/"( ?9%V 3

6 "( ?9)&/"( ?9 3
"( ?9)j&/"( 9? dj& "( ?9)%</"( 9? %%< 3

7 "( ?9")/"( 9? 4 "( ?9)j&/"( 9? dj&

\41 ! 9%<>V 3
3 \ when
Optional 9)-OW4 %"W-Ld follows
7.1.101 9%d% 9)V9%< 3 ~ "n ">p_

70
"5 6$%& O. .5

Now, O-ending masculine starts.


There are two types of O-ending masculine L%"V "W*s taught in #T")^% *_<W`.
1. f%V- >d>-O-ending L%"V "W* - ">P %
2. Non-f%V- >d>-O-ending L%"V "W* - Q%Q%

O-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) ">P %

The first type is ">P %, O-ending f%V-ending L%"V "W*.


">P! %"V ">P % (UT) The compound is made by 2.2.19 h W<"V 3 ~ )<%)&.
3 % 94 (2P) to protect + ">5n 3
">P + ) + 3.2.75 4j" q d 4 ~ ">5n 3
By being )<%) this is L%"V "W* by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%
">P + % 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ~ * 3
">P %
[LSK] ">P %& 1/1
">P % + ) 5 4.1.2 o_ )..3
">P % + 5 8.2.66 )) 1j 5 :
">P %& 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&

">P % + y ? >?& is L%, but negated by the next stra.


6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[">"f)FG<]3 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n ~ ( >F )? >?& W`T?& S"n >F ? 9dj& *& )!"QV%d%< 3
3
? >?W`f? does not happen when W`T ? is preceding and Sn or
>F ) 3 following.
) is

5 7
3 L0<%/"ZV`d%
Sn of
W`T ?
or ) 3

1
? >?W`T ?
>F )

W`T%?V 5/1
3 ") 7/1 n 0 ( 0 S"n 7/1 L0<dj& 6/2 >F )
? >?& 1/1 W`T&? 1/1 >F ? 9dj& 6/2 *& 1/1 )!"QV%d%< 7/1
3

3 words in the )FG, 8 words as (>t"|


3
W`T%?V 5/1 In >F ? <`.
") 7/1 Ld ); 3 in 9)<`.
n 0 This connects S"n with ").
? >?W`T ? from happening.
( 0 Negating >F )
S"n 7/1 L%Q%9& Sn; 3 all vowels other than >?; in 9)<`; with L0<dj&, the meaning is:
3 the 1st and 2nd case endings.
Sn of

[LSK] W`T%?V 5/1


3 ") 7/1 S"n 7/1 n 0 94 7/1 ( 0 >F )
? >?W`T&? 1/1
3 L0<% and "ZV`d% or ) follows,
After W`T,? when Sn of 3 ? >?W`T ? does not happen.
>F )

[LSK] ">P _ 1/2


">P % + y 3
4.1.2 o_ )<_ 3 ~ %%"V "W*%V Ld& 9
1.4.22 4*dj"Z>n( x*>n( 4
3 L%, but it is negated
? >?& ~ *& "n >F ? 9dj& *& )!"QV%d%< is
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
by 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n
">P _ 6.1.88 >t"^94"n
In ">P % + y, 6.1.104 (%"W"n would bring the same result. However, 6.1.105 W`T%? ")
n is applied because of 9.

72
"5 6$%& O. .5

Examples of situations that 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n can cover while 6.1.104 (%"W"n
cannot are:
1) ">P % + ) 3 3 not following ( ) is
>? is preceding, but Sn is 3 -beginning)
= ">P %&
2) `+y >? is not preceding. Instead, W`T ? precedes.
= _
3) `+ )3 3 not following.
>? is not preceding, Sn is
= &

[LSK] ">P %& 1/3


">P % + ) 3
">P % + ) 3 1.3.7 nF ~ Ld OW4& h W4\ 4 SV, 3 1.3.9 V #j &
6.1.102 L0<dj& 9F )>?& is applicable, but negated by 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n
">P %) 3 6.1.101 *& )> W`T&?
">P %& 8.2.66 )) 1j 5 :, 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&

[LSK] Q4 ">P %& 8/1 ">P %< 2/1


3 ">P _ 2/2

The steps are the same in )}"^ as in 1/1. Forms in )}jf( in dual and plural are
always the same as L0<%, thus not mentioned.
">P % + < 3
">P %< 3 6.1.107 "< >F &? This negates 6.1.102 L0<dj& 9F )>?&

">P % + \) 3
">P % + ) 3
3
">P + )3 6.4.140 OVj f%Vj& ~ p $ #j &
This operation requires p-)!U% which is introduced by the next four stras, followed
by the ">"f)FG.

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.1.43 ! * ~ )>?(%<%(< 3


)2( )
3
) 3 (the first five ) -Lds, i.e., ),5 y, ), 3 <, 3 and y 3), not in neuter is termed
)>?(%<%(.

) 1/1
3 ! * 6/1 ~ )>?(%<%(< 1/1
( ) 3

2 words in the )FG, 1 word as (>t"|


) 3 1/1 This is )!U`.
( ) ! *< 3 ( )
! * 6/1 ( ( %0 ()3 ( ) 3
! *< (NT), V; in )}4 1` to ) 3.
)>?(%<%(< 3 1/1 This is )!U%; from 1.1.42 "\ )>?(%<%(<;3 "\, OW4\ for ) and
3 3
\) in
! * gain )>?(%<%(-)!U%.
( )

[LSK] )-O"W- >n(%"( 1/3 )>?(%<%(-)!U%"( 1/3 & III/3 `a 6/1


Five words (suffixes) starting from ) 5 of non-neuter should become the ones whose
)!U% is )>?(%<%(.
The )!U% )>?(%<%( is given by >F %?n%d?. The word itself does not have significance.
If one wonders whether ) 3 is Ov<, the stra 6.4.8 )>?(%<( 4 n%)}^_ uses )}"^ as
an adjective to )>?(%<%(. From this, it is understood that ) 3 is not Ov<.

3
) -Lds which are termed )>?(%<%(

In neuter In masculine and feminine

"\ )5 y )3

"\ <3 y 3

3
"\ is OW4\ to ) and 3 neuter by 7.1.20
\) in ! *%V. 3 This "\ is termed
\)j& "\ ~ ( )
3
)>?(%<%( by 1.1.42 "\ )>?(%<%(< .

74
"5 6$%& O. .5

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.4.17 o%"W)>?(%<%(4 ~ W< 3


W-)!U% is given to a group of letters which is followed by Lds starting from ) in
3 the end of 5th chapter, other than )>?(%<%(.
4.1.2 to * in

o%"W1 7/3 )>?(%<%( 4 7/1 ~ W< 1/1


3

2 words in the )FG, 1 word as (>t"|


o%"W1 7/3 ):5 O"W& d41%! V4 o%Wd& (116B), V41; in 9)<`.
3
)>?(%<%( 4 7/1 ( ( %0 ()3 )>?(%<%(< (NT), 3 this is ">\41 to o%"W1; *>n( is
V"( ;
O1?<. 3
3
W< 1/1 This is )!U%; from 1.4.14 )" ! W<.3

3
[LSK] * -Ld- >"f1 7/3 o%"W1 7/3 )>?(%<%( 41 7/3 >F <
? 1/1
3 W< 1/1
3 %V III/1
3
When suffixes starting with ) and ending with * , 3 other than )>?(%<%( follow, that
which is before them is termed W.
The word >F < 3
? comes ? .
from 1.1.66 V"""V "("Wk 4 >F

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.4.18 d"n p< 3 ~ o%"W1 )>?(%<%(4


3
p-)!U% is given to a group of letters which is followed by Lds beginning with d or
n, 3 among the Lds starting from ) in 4.1.2 to * in
3 the end of 5th chapter, other than

)>?(%<%(.

d"n 7/1 p< 1/1


3 ~ o%"W1 7/3 )>?(%<%( 4 7/1

2 words in the )FG, 2 words as (>t"|


3
d"n 7/1 d n 3 dn (SD),
nn 3 V"(;3 by VW%"W">"f, it is understood d-O"W1
3 and %"W1.
p< 3 1/1 This is )!U%.
o%"W1 7/3 ):5 O"W& d41%! V4 o%Wd& (116B), V41; in 9)<`.
3
)>?(%<%( 4 7/1 ( ( %0 ()3 )>?(%<%(< (NT), 3 this is ">\41 to o%"W1; *>n( is
V"( ;
O1?<. 3

[LSK] d%"W1 7/3 %"W1 7/3 n 0 * -Ld-


3 >"f1 7/3 o%"W1 7/3 )>?(%<%( 41 7/3 >F <
? 1/1
3 p-)!U< 1/1
3 %V 3
III/1

3
When d or 3
n-beginning suffixes starting with ) and ending with * , 3 other than
)>?(%<%( follow, that which is before them is termed p.

3
Note: Being )>?(%<%( is a prerequisite for p-)!U%. In neuter, only "\ (substitute for ) and
\))3 are termed )>?(%<%(. Thus, a L%"V "W* which is followed by \` (content is [, OW4\ for y
! `.
and y 3 in neuter) gains p-)!U%. Its examples are ) 0` and ) )
3 y
) "0( +
3 \`
) "0( + ! *% ~ y& \`
7.1.19 ( )
3 [
) 0+ t %< 3
7.1.88 p 4 # & ~ "0< p

3 y
! +
) )
) ) 3 \`
! + ! *% ~ y& \`
7.1.19 ( )
! `
) ) ! j) 3 ~ )>?(%<%( 4 is not applicable.
7.1.89 )

76
"5 6$%& O. .5

[ "f*%9)FG<]3 1.4.1 O*2%9%W4*% )!U%


From here (1.4.1) to 2.2.38 *2%9%& *<?f%9d4, only one )!U% is to be taken.

O 0 *2%9%V 5/1
3 *% 1/1 )!U% 1/1

4 words in the )FG, no word is required as (>t"|.


O 0 O 3 <d%?W%"p">f_, in the sense of limit; here it is inclusive limit. Refer back the
"` of the stra 1.1.14 "( %V *% (%3 .
*2%9%V 3 5/1 *2%9 is the word found in the stra 2.2.38 *2%9%& *<?f%9d4; in "Wzdjv4 <` to
O,3 which requires a referential point; with O,3 it means up to the stra 2.2.38.
*% 1/1 one.
)!U% 1/1 technical term.

? 03 (2.2.38) *2%9%& *<?f%9d4 S"V 0 V& 0 L%* 3 0 * 6/1 *% 1/1 > 0 )!U% 1/1 U4d% 1/1
[LSK] SV& 0 l <
After this stra, and before the stra 2.2.38 *2%9%& *<?f%9d4, only one )!U% is given for
one entity.
When only one )!U% is to be taken, how is it decided? This is answered here.
[LSK] d% 1/1 9% 1/1 (>*%\% 1/1 n 0
That which is told in 9)FG, or the one which does not have scope outside the scope
of another one.
The word "(9>*%\ is explained in the "`.
[LSK "` ] "(9>*%\! n hv?- L%"-#4 n%"9V% -? p%> < 3
"(9>*%\ is the absence of utility where hv?)GF is not applicable.
For example, hv? is 6.1.87 O&, and >%W is 6.1.88 >t"^94"n, which is "(9>*%\.
hv?-L%"-# is >? + n. 3 hv?- L%"-# is other than that, such as Sn +
3 n. 3 The >%W
? ) only within hv?-L%"-#, not in hv?- L%"-#.
stra 6.1.88 >t"^94"n works (has n"9V- 0
Thus, 6.1.88 >t"^94"n is considered to be "(9>*%\.

hv?- L%"-#

hv?
>%W

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

The word hv? is also explained in the "`.


[LSK "` ] hv?& )"V L"Va*4 >V?<%(&, ht V4 a%f*-)%>4 V4 S"V V |4&
hv? works when there is no L"Va*, obstacle ( >%W). The derivation of hv? is that
which is to be given up when the negator ( 3 abandon + T *<?
>%W) is there. (hW 3 + )t to 3 ")

3 masculine and feminine, both W-)!U% and p-)!U% are applicable. Since
As for \) in
this is not ">L"V14f (refer back 1.4.2.">L"V14f 4 9! *%d?<3 and the meaning of Va#">9jf), 9-)FG is
not justified. In ">L"V14f, where two stras are applicable in one occasion, both the stras
should have their scope of operation ()%>*%\), while p is "(9>*%\ to W.

[LSK "` ] Objection: This stra tells the absence of two )!U%s in one target. This stra
does not determine either p)!U% or W)!U% in one target. Then, how do I know that p)!U% only
is to be taken in ">P %-\]? >t"|*%9 tells the answer to the person who is doubting such.

[LSK "` ] "(9>*%\! n hv?- L%"#4 n%"9V% -? p%> < 3


The status of >%W is in the form of not having usefulness outside the scope of hv?.
In other words, >%W is totally within the scope of hv?.

[LSK "` ] hv?& n )"V L"Va*4 >V?<%(&


hv? words only when there is no >%W.

Note that p x<`*%9 has a different opinion from >t"|*%9 and "`*%9. p x<`*%9 does not
accept 9 because there is no ">L"V14f situation between p and W. On the other hand,
>t"|*%9 and "`*%9 take "(9>*%\ as well as 9 in this.

(W` and "T h )v? and *<?L>n(`d


#T and v v"V and *<?L>n(`d
W and p 9 x W and O ( 4 W
*%9*s ab `"Q Z

78
"5 6$%& O. .5

[">"f)FG<]3 6.4.140 OVj f%Vj& ~ p $ #j &


For p- $ which ends with O-ending f%V, there is elision of the last letter.

6
p f%V OV 3

1
#j

OV& 6/1 f%Vj& 6/1 ~ p 6/1 $ 6/1 #j & 1/1


2 words in the )FG, 3 words as (>t"|
OV& 6/1 L%"V "W* is OV; 3 because this is a ">\41 to f%Vj&, VW ">"f is applied to make
OW f%Vj&.
This V 9-*9 (making it V 9, V*%9& 9& d%V)3 is not meant for *%#"(d< by 1.1.70
V 9 %#. Since O is not heard in <%Q4P9)FG%", O is not in . 3 Thus 1.1.69 "W>?
n%Ld& is not applicable to O. 1.1.70 V 9 %# is applicable only to what is applicable
to 1.1.69 "W>? n%Ld&. Therefore, this V 9*9 is not for *%#"(d<, but just for clarity.
f%Vj& 6/1 This is a ">\41 to $, VW ">"f is applied to make OW -f%V- $.
p 6/1 From "f*%9-)FG 6.4.129 p ; p is a type of $.
$ 6/1 From "f*%9-)FG 6.4.1 $.
#j & 1/1 From 6.4.134 6j j(& . This is OW4\.

[LSK] O*%9% & 1/1 d& 1/1 f%V& 1/1 VW 6/1 p 6/1 $ 6/1 #j & 1/1 (1.1.52) #j
There is #j in the place of the last letter of the $ termed p, which ends with O-
ending f%V.

[LSK] ">P & 2/3 ">P % 3/1 ">P %%< 3/2


3 S%"W 1/1

">P % + \) 3
3
">P + )3 6.4.140 OVj f%Vj& ~ p $ #j &
">P & 8.2.66 )) 1j 5 :, 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&

79
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

Declension of ">P % (O- -! 1)


(f%V- >d>-O*%9% &)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


">P % + ) 5 ">P % + y ">P % + ) 3
">P %5 8.2.66 6.1.102 is L%, but negated by 6.1.102 is L%, but negated
1 ">P %& 8.3.15 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n. by 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n.
">P _ 6.1.88 ">P %) 3 6.1.101
">P %& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
S1 same as above same as above same as above
">P % + < 3 ">P % + \) 3
">P %< 3 6.1.107 ">P +3 ) 3 6.4.140 OVj
2 same as above
f%Vj& ~ p $ #j &
">P &
">P % + % ">P % + %< 3 ">P % + "p) 3
3 ">P +3 O 6.4.140 ">P %%< 3 ">P %"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
">P %
">P % + 4 ">P % + ) 3
4 ">P +3 6.4.140 same as above ">P %& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
">P 4
">P % + ")5
5 ">P +3 ) 3 6.4.140 same as above same as above
">P &
">P % + ) 3 ">P % + u) 3 ">P % + O< 3
6 ">P +3 ) 3 6.4.140 ">P +3 u) 3 6.4.140 ">P +3 O< 3 6.4.140
">P & ">P j& ">P %< 3
">P % + " ">P % + ) 3
7 ">P +3 S 6.4.140 same as above ">P %)
">P"

3
In p, the last O is dropped, ">P + ), 3 O, etc.
6.4.140 OVj f%Vj& ~ p $ #j &

? >?W`T ? is denied.
>F )
? >?& W`T&?
6.1.105 W`T%? ") n ~ S"n L0<dj& >F )

80
"5 6$%& O. .5

[LSK] >< 03 \ !%-OWd& 1/3


In this manner, \ !%, etc., also decline the same way.
\ ! \ 4( >% f<"V S"V \ !%&
\ + ) + 3
3 !% \]%"")!djvdj& (1P) to blow + ">n/" 3

O-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) Q%Q%

W*t on the word in the stra f%Vj& is made.


3
[LSK] f%Vj& 6/1 "*< 03 ? Q%Q%( 2/3
Q%Q% is a name for a type of v>?, denizen of heaven.
The last letter O is not a part of f%V since this word is not grammatically derived.

Declension of Q%Q% (O- -! 2)


( -\]&)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


Q%Q% + ) 5 Q%Q% + y Q%Q% + ) 3
Q%Q%5 8.2.66 6.1.102 is L%, but negated by 6.1.102 is L%, but negated
1 Q%Q%& 8.3.15 6.1.105. by 6.1.105.
Q%Q_ 6.1.88 Q%Q%) 3 6.1.101
Q%Q%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
S1 same as above same as above same as above
Q%Q% + < 3 Q%Q% + \) 3
2 Q%Q%< 3 6.1.107 same as above Q%Q%) 3 6.1.102
Q%Q%( 3 6.1.103
Q%Q% + % Q%Q% + %< 3 Q%Q% + "p) 3
3
Q%Q% 6.1.101 Q%Q%%< 3 Q%Q%"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Q%Q% + 4 Q%Q% + ) 3
4 same as above
Q%Qx 6.1.88 Q%Q%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Q%Q% + ")5
5 same as above same as above
Q%Q%& 6.1.101
Q%Q% + ) 3 Q%Q% + u) 3 Q%Q% + O< 3
6
Q%Q%& 6.1.101 Q%Q_& 6.1.88 Q%Q%< 3 6.1.101
Q%Q% + " Q%Q% + ) 3
7 same as above
Q%Q4 6.1.87 Q%Q%)

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

Now, S-ending masculine starts.


There are six types of S-ending masculine L%"V "W*s taught in #T")^% *_<W`.
1. Q"9 "T-)!U*-\]&
2. )"Y Non-"T-)!U*-\]& with special stras
3. "V Non-"T-)!U*-\]&
4. *"V 1 3-)!U*-\]&
5. "G \]& with special stras
6. "Z W%"W-)>?(%<-)!U*-\]&

S-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) Q"9

The speciality of the word Q"9 is that it gains "T-)!U%.

Q9"V % %"( S"V Q"9&


Q94 (1U) to take away + S( 3 (h-) 4.120 " "1"Q>"V">"W""W*`"V? ~ S( 3
Q9 3+ S )%>?f%V*%f?f%V*dj& ~ v&
Q"9
3
h%"WLds are considered to be *t V-Ld by 3.3.1 h%Wdj ab#< 3
By being *t W , this is L%"V "W* by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%

[LSK] Q"9& 1/1


Q"9 + ) 5 4.1.2 o_ )..3
Q"9 + 5 8.2.66 )) 1j 5 :
Q"9& 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&

[LSK] Q9` 1/2


Q"9 + y 4.1.2 o_ )..3
Q9` ? >?&
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )

82
"5 6$%& S. .5

[">"f)FG<]3 7.3.109 ") n ~ o v& $


3
v takes place for o-ending $ when ) follows.

6 7
$ o )3

1
v

") 7/1 n 0 ~ o 6/1 v& 1/1 $ 6/1


2 words in the )FG, 3 words as (>t"|
") 7/1 Ld ); 3 in 9)<`.
n 0 This connects with the previous stra.
o 6/1 This is ">\41 to $, thus VW ">"f is applied to make o% - $.
v& 1/1 This is OW4\.
$ 6/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $; in %(d4 jv% 1`.

[LSK] o- 6/1 $ 6/1 v& 1/1


3
v is the substitute in the place of the last letter of o-ending $, when ) follows.
1.1.52 #j is applied.

[LSK] Q9d& 1/3


Q"9 + ) 3 3
4.1.2 o_ )<_ 3 ~ %%"V "W*%V Ld& 9
1.4.21 ab1 ab>n(< 3
Q94 + ) 3 7.3.109 ") n ~ o v& $
3
Q9d + )3 6.1.78 njd>%d%>& ~ "n
Q9d& 8.2.66 )) 1j 5 :, 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[">"f)FG<]3 7.3.108 o v& ~ )}^_ $


v takes place for o-ending $ when )}"^ () 5 in )}jf() follows.

6 7
$ o )}"^

1
v

o 6/1 v& 1/1 ~ )}^_ 7/1 $ 6/1


2 words in the )FG, 2 words as (>t"|
o 6/1 This is ">\41 to $, thus VW ">"f is applied to make o% - $.
v& 1/1 This is OW4\.
)}^_ 7/1 From 7.3.106 )}^_ n ; )}"^ is )!U% given to ) 5 in )}jf( by 2.3.49 *>n(!
)}"^&; in 9)<`.
$ 6/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $; in %(d4 jv% 1`.

[LSK] )}^_ 7/1


v is the substitute in the place of the last letter of o-ending $, when )}"^
follows.
[LSK] Q4 Q94 S1/1
Q"9 + ) 5 3
4.1.2 o_ )<_ 3 ~ %%"V "W*%V Ld& 9
1.4.22 4*dj"Z>n( x*>n( 4 , 2.3.47 )}jf( 4 n ~ L0<%
Q94 + ) 3 7.3.108 o v& ~ )}^_ $
with the help of 1.1.52 #j and 1.1.50 %(4 9V<&
Q94 3 ^4& ~ #j &
6.1.69 -3 o%V )}
3 ^4&
Site note: 7.3.108 o v& should be applied before 6.1.69 -3 o%V )}
because of "(< 3
[LSK] Q"9< 2/1 3
3 Q9` 2/2 Q9`( 2/3
3
When < follows, 6.1.107 "< >F &? is applied. 2/2 is always the same as 1/2. When
3
\) follows, ? >?& , ) is
after 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F ) 3 6.1.103 V%)j (& "! ) .
3 replaced by ( by

84
"5 6$%& S. .5

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.4.7 \41j $)"Y ~ o& dF


"T is the )!U% given to L%"V "W*s ending with o S, h, which did not gain (W`-)!U%,
excluding )"Y.

\41& 1/1 "T 1/1 )"Y 1/1 ~ o& 1/1 dF 1/2


2 words in the )FG; 2 words as (>t"|
3 U*%V 3 & \41& ; that which is other than (W`-)!U* which is already
\41& 1/1 h%V (W`)!
told in the previous stra.

1.4.6 ""V o ~ dF %%_ (W` gives optional (W`-)!U% to o S-ending or o h-ending


feminine word. Thus, here \41 indicates:
1. o S-ending or o h-ending masculine and neuter L%"V "W*
2. o S-ending or o h-ending feminine L%"V "W*, which did not gain optional (W`-
)!U%

"T 1/1 This is )!U%; this is artificial name.


)"Y 1/1 ( ( %0 ()3 )Y% S"V )"Y (NT).
o& 1/1 This is adjective to dF.
dF 1/2 S& (S>?&) n h& (h>?&) n dF (ID) S + h = d by 6.1.77 S*j d"n , then it declines as
d&, dF, d>&, etc.; this is adjective to \41&.

\]-o <3 is supplied ( %Q%9), and qualified by the words in the stra, for
applying VW ">"f. \]o , a group of letters which ends with o-S or o-h, which is not
of the one termed (W`.

[LSK] \41& S"V 0 k- 0<? 1/1


3

This stra works even without the word \41&, because 1.4.6 ""V o is >%W to
this stra. This statement is just for easy understanding.
[LSK] o_ 1/2 d_ 1/2 SW 3-hV_ 1/2 VW < 1/1
3 )"Y-> <? 1/1
3 "T-)!U< 1/1
3

Those o S and h ending words, which are not termed (W` are termed "T, excluding
the word )"Y.

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

By 1.4.7 \41j $)"Y , L%"V "W* Q"9 gained "T-)!U%.


"T-*%d?<, 3 effect of "T, in terms of declension is seen in 3/1 in the next stra and when
"Vs3 (4/1, 5/1, 6/1, 7/1) follow.

[">"f)FG<]3 7.3.120 Oj (%"{Gd%< 3 ~ T4&


O 3 (an old term for %) is replaced by (% after "T-)!U*-\], but not in feminine.

5 6
"T %

1
(%

O& 6/1 (% 1/1 " d%< 7/1


3 ~ T4& 5/1

3 words in the )FG, 1 word as (>t"|


O& 6/1 L%"V "W* is O,3 a )!U% for % used by >F %?n%d?s; in %(d4 jv% 1`.
(% 1/1 This is OW4\; the absence of ">p" is O1?.
3
" d%< 7/1 ( {G` S"V {G` (NT), V%<;3 in ">1d)<`.
T4& 5/1 From 7.3.119 T4& ; in >F ? <`.

[LSK] T4& 5/1 9 6/1 O& 6/1 (% 1/1 %V III/1


3 " d%< 7/1
3 O 3 1/1 S"V 0 %-)!U% 1/1

(% is the substitute in the place of O,3 a term for %, after "T-)!U*-\].


[LSK] Q"9% 3/1
Q"9 + %
Q"9 + (% 7.3.120 Oj (%"{Gd%< 3 ~ T4&
Q"9% 8.4.2 3*%(3 >%d4" ~ (& &
[LSK] Q"9%< 3/2
3 Q"9"p& 3/3

No special effect in them.

86
"5 6$%& S. .5

[">"f)FG<]3 7.3.111 T4"? "V ~ v& )"5


3
"T-)!U*-\] takes v when "V follows.

6 7
"T 3 5 3
"V )

1
v

T4& 6/1 ""V 7/1 ~ v& 1/1 )"5 7/1

2 words in the )FG, 2 words as (>t"|


T4& 6/1 "T termed by 1.4.7 \41j $)"Y; in %(d4 jv% 1`.
3
""V 7/1 3 SV d 3
)& "V (116B), V"(;3 this is ">\41 to )"5 .
v& 1/1 This is OW4\; which one of the v letters is decided by 1.1.50 %( 4 9V<&.
)"5 7/1 L%Q%9 ) 5 ; 3 in 9)<`.

[LSK] "T-)!U* 6/1 ""V 7/1 )"5 7/1


v& 1/1
v is the substitute in the place of the last letter of "T-)!U*-\], when followed by
3 5 -Ld.
"V ) 3

[LSK] Q9d4 4/1


Q"9 + 4
Q94 + 7.3.111 T4"? "V ~ v& )"5 , with the help of 1.1.50 %(4 9V<&
Q9d4 6.1.78 njd>%d%>& ~ "n )!"QV%d%< 3
[LSK] Q"9%< 4/2
3 Q"9& 4/3

No special effect in them.

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[">"f)FG<]3 6.1.110 ")5)j ~ & "V >F &? *& >F ? 9dj& )!"QV%d%< 3
When 3 is followed by ")5 or ), 3 >F
? is the one substitute for the two.

5 7
3 3 ")5/) 3
V of

1
?
>F

")5)j& 6/2 n 0 & 5/1 "V 7/1 >F &? 1/1 *& 1/1 >F ? 9dj& 6/2 )!"QV%d%< 7/1
3

2 words in the )FG, 6 words as (>t"|


3 "))_ (ID), Vdj&; )}4 1` to "V.
")5)j& 6/2 ")& n ) n
n 0 Connecting with the previous stra, 6.1.109 & W% %W"V .
& 5/1 L%Q%9 ;3 representing and u; in >F ? <`.
"V 7/1 L%"V "W* V; 3 V 9 is *%#"(d< by 1.1.70 V 9 %#, hence only short is
intended; in 9)<`.
This stra is under the "f*%9 of 6.1.72 )!"QV%d%<3 and 6.1.84 *& >F ? 9dj&.

[LSK] & 5/1 ")5)j& 6/2 S"V 0 >F


? < 1/1
3 *%W4\& 1/1

When 3 precedes and short 3


of ")5 and ) follows, ? is the substitute in the
>F
place of the two.
[LSK] Q94& 5/1, 6/1
Q"9 + ")5
Q94 + ) 3 7.3.111 T4"? "V ~ v& )"5 , with the help of 1.1.50 %(4 9V<&
Q94) 3 6.1.110 ")5)j ~ & "V >F &? *& >F ? 9dj& )!"QV%d%< 3
Q94& 8.2.66 )) 1j 5 : , 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&
[LSK] Qd& 6/2, 7/2
Q"9 + u) 3
Qd) 3 6.1.77 S*j d"n ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
Qd& 8.2.66 )) 1j 5 : , 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&

88
"5 6$%& S. .5

[LSK] Q9`%< 6/3


3

Q"9 + O< 3
Q"9 + (%< 3 7.1.54 o-(% j ( 3 ~ O<&
Q9` + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ~ $ W`T&?
Q9`%< 3 8.4.2 3*%(3 >%d4" ~ (& &

[">"f)FG<]3 3
7.3.119 T4& ~ S&'%< yV 3 &
4
This stra has two *%d?s, effects:
1) " (7/1) after S/h is replaced by y,

5 6
S/h "

1
y

2) and the last letter of "T-)!U*-\] is also replaced by .

6 7
"T "

V 1/1
3 n 0 T4& 6/1 ~ S&'%< 5/2
3 yV 1/1
3 4 & 6/1

3 words in the )FG, 3 words as (>t"|


3
V 1/1 This is OW4\, for the last letter of "T.
n 0 n*%9 is to show that there are two *%d?s in this stra.
T4& 6/1 L%"V "W* is "T; in %(d4 jv% 1`.
3
S&'%< 5/2 3 in >F ? <`.
From 7.3.117 S&'%< ;
3
yV 1/1 This is OW4\, for ".
4 & 6/1 From 7.3.116 4 9%! (% `&; in %(d4 jv% 1`.

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[LSK] S&'%< 5/2


3 h|9 6/1 4 & 6/1 yV 1/1
3 , T4& 6/1 V 1/1
3 n0

y is the substitute in the place of " which is after short S or h. Also short is the
substitute in the place of the last letter of "T-)!U*-\].

[LSK] Q9_ 7/1


Q"9 + "
Q"9 + y 3
7.3.119 T4& ~ S&'%< yV 3 &
4
Q9 + y 3
7.3.119 T4& ~ S&'%< yV 3 &
4
Q9_ 3 "QV%d%< 3
6.1.88 >t"^94"n ~ OV )!

[LSK] Q"91 7/3


Q"9 + ) 3
Q"9 + 1 ? &
8.3.59 OW4\Lddj& ~ S*j& )& <Ff

[LSK] >< 03 *">-OWd& 1/3


In the same manner, *">, etc., such as "", "v"9, 9">, ">"f, and "> decline like Q"9.

Summary of declension of "T-)!U*-L%"V "W*

"T-)!U% is defined by 1.4.7 \41j $)"Y ~ o& dF


There are three stras used in declension of "T:
o 7.3.120 Oj (%"{Gd%< 3 ~ T4& in 3/1
o 7.3.111 T4"? "V ~ v& )"5 in 4/1, 5/1, and 6/1
3
o 7.3.119 T4& ~ S&'%< yV 3 & in 7/1
4

90
"5 6$%& S. .5

Declension of Q"9 (S- -! 1)


"T-)!U*-S*%9% - "5 6$-\]&

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


Q"9 + ) 5 Q"9 + y Q"9 + ) 3
Q"95 8.2.66 Q9` 6.1.102 Q94 + ) 3 7.3.109
1
Q"9& 8.3.15 Q9d +3 ) 3 6.1.78
Q9d& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Q"9 + ) 5
S1 Q94 + ) 3 7.3.108 same as above same as above
Q94 6.1.69
Q"9 + < 3 Q"9 + \) 3
2 Q"9< 3 6.1.107 same as above Q9` ) 3 6.1.102
Q9`( 3 6.1.103
Q"9 + % Q"9 + %< 3 Q"9 + "p) 3
3 Q"9 + (% 7.3.120 Q"9%< 3 Q"9"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Q"9% 8.4.2
Q"9 + 4 Q"9 + ) 3
Q94 + 7.3.111 Q"9& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
4 same as above
Q9d +3 6.1.78
Q9d4
Q"9 + ")5
Q94 + ) 3 7.3.111
5 same as above same as above
Q94) 3 6.1.110
Q94& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Q"9 + ) 3 Q"9 + u) 3 Q"9 + O< 3
Q94 + ) 3 7.3.111 3 u) 3 6.1.77
Qd ? + 3
Q"9 + ( O< 3 7.1.54
6 Q94) 3 6.1.110 Qd& 8.2.66, 8.3.15 Q9` + (%< 3 6.4.3
Q94& 8.2.66, 8.3.15 Q9`%< 3 8.4.2

Q"9 + " Q"9 + ) 3


Q"9 + y 7.3.119 Q"91 8.3.59
7 same as above
Q9 + y 7.3.119
Q9_ 6.1.88

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

S-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) )"Y

By "T-)!U%-">f%d*-)FG 1.4.7 \41j $)"Y, the word )"Y was excluded. This word is the
second S-*%9% - "5 6$ word in #T")^% *_<W`.

)<%(! %dV4 ( x& (one who is called the same by people) S"V )Y%
3 % L*0( 4 (2P) to tell + S 3
)<%( + < + 3
(h-) 4-138 )<%( 4 & ) njW%|& ~ S "2V 3
3 S
)+Y+ 3 #j , and Ld is like "2V, 3 thus "-part
By the same stra, )<%( becomes ), d is
is #j . (a#j and )(*.3
)"Y
3
h%"WLds are considered to be *t V-Ld by 3.3.1 h%Wdj ab#< 3
By being *t W , this is L%"V "W* by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%

Special aspects of declension of )"Y


1. When )>?(%<%(s follow, there are special stras only for )"Y-\].
3
2. When 3/1 and "V follow, there is no "T-*%d?.

92
"5 6$%& S. .5

[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.93 ( 3 )_ ~ )& $ )}^_


3
The last letter of )"Y is replaced by ( when )}"^ ) 5 follows.

6 7
)"Y ),5 not )}"^

1
( 3

( 3 1/1 )_ 7/1 ~ )& 6/1 $ 6/1 )}^_ 7/1


2 words in the )FG, 3 words as (>t"|
4 %# 3 but "V, 3 hence it replaces only the last letter by
( 3 1/1 This is OW4\; this is (*
1.1.53 " ~ #& ; 3 h%9%0 ?, thus the content of this OW4\ is (.3
after ( is
)_ 7/1 L%"V "W* is );5 in 9)<`.
)& 6/1 From 7.1.92 )9)}^_; L%"V "W* is )"Y; in %(d4 jv% 1`.
$ 6/1 From 6.4.1 $.
)}^_ 7/1 From 7.1.92 )9)}^_; this is adjective to )_.

[LSK] )& 6/1 $ 6/1 ( 3 1/1 OW4\& 1/1 )}^_ 7/1 )_ 7/1
( 3 is the substitute for the last letter of $ )"Y when )}"^ ) 5 is following.

)"Y + ) 5 4.1.2 o_ )..3


)Y 3 ( +
3 )3 7.1.93 ( 3 )_ ~ )& $ )}^_
With the help of 1.1.53 " ~ #&
3 )3
)Y( +
To be continued

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

The next stra defines h f%-)!U% which is required for the following stra.

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.1.65 #j%V 3 >F ? h f%


The second to last letter is termed h f%.

h f%

#& 5/1 %V 5/1


3 >F &? 1/1 h f% 1/1
4 words in the )FG, no word is required as (>t"|.
#& 5/1 L%Q%9& # 3 indicates any letter; in "Wzdjv4 <` connected to >F &? .
3
%V 5/1 4 p>& & (that which exists at the end), V%V;3 this is adjective to #&.
>F &? 1/1 This is )!U`.
h f% 1/1 This is )!U%.

[LSK] %V 5/1
3 #& 5/1 >F &? 1/1 >?& 1/1 h f%-)!U& 1/1
The letter before the last letter is termed h f%.

94
"5 6$%& S. .5

[">"f)FG<]3 6.4.8 )>?(%<%(4 n%)}^_ ~ (& h f%d%& W`T?& $


3
The second to last letter of (-ending $ becomes W`T ? when )>?(%<%( other than
)}"^ follows.
6 7
)>?(%<%(,
$ h f% (3
not )}"^

1
W`T ?

)>?(%<%( 4 7/1 n 0 )}^_ 7/1 ~ ( 6/1 h f%d%& 6/1 W`T&? 1/1 $ 6/1
3 words in the )FG; 4 words as (>t"|
)>?(%<%( 4 7/1 Defined by 1.1.42 "\ )>?(%<%(<3 and 1.1.43 )2( )
! *; in 9)<`.
n 0 Connecting the previous stra. (6.4.3 (%"< is up to 6.4.7, then )>?(%<%( 4 n.)
)}^_ 7/1 From 7.1.92 )9)}^_; this is adjective to )>?(%<%(.4
( 6/1 From 6.4.7 (j f%d%&; L%"V "W* is (; 3 1`-ending; adjective to $; by VW ">"f,
this is understood as (-3 $.
h f%d%& 6/1 From 6.4.7 (j f%d%&; in %(d4 jv% 1`.
W`T&? 1/1 From 6.3.111 #j 4 >F
? W`T&; this is OW4\.
$ 6/1 From 6.4.1 $; qualified by (&, this is in )}4 1` to h f%d%&.

[LSK] (- 6/1 h f%d%& 6/1 W`T&? 1/1 )}^_ 7/1 )>?(%<%( 4 7/1
3
W`f? is the substitute for the second to last letter of (-ending $ when )>?(%<%( other
than )}"^ follows.

)"Y + ) 5
)Y 3 ( +
3 )3 7.1.93 ( 3 )_ ~ )& $ )}^_
With the help of 1.1.53 " ~ #&
3 )3
)Y%( + 6.4.8 )>?(%<%( 4 n%)}^_ ~ (& h f%d%& W`T&? $

95
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

The next stra defines


t -)!U% which is required for the following stra.

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.2.41 t *%# 3 Ld&



A suffix which consists of only one letter is termed
t .

t & 1/1 *%# 1/1


3 Ld& 1/1

3 words in the )FG, no word is required as (>t"|.


3
*%# 1/1 This is adjective to Ld&; *& n )_ # 3 *%# 3 (KT) one letter.
Ld& 1/1 This is )!U`.

t & 1/1 This is )!U%.

[LSK] *%# 1/1


3 Ld& 1/1 d& 1/1 )& 1/1 t )!U& 1/1 %V III/1
3

A single-lettered suffix is termed


t .

Here are some examples of occasions where


t is seen.
3
) is 3
t after eliding (a from ) 5 () 5 -Ld)
3
V is 3
t after eliding (a and S from "V ("V-3 Ld) by 3.4.100 SV
3
) is 3
t after eliding (a and S from ") ("V-3 Ld) by 3.4.100 SV
3
> is 3 V-Ld)
t after eliding (a from " (*t 3

96
"5 6$%& S. .5

[">"f)FG<]3 3
6.1.68 Q#%j 3 "5 V
W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ~ #j &
t Q# 3 of ),5 "V , 3 ") is
3 elided after Q#,3 or `/O which
3 is W`T.?

5 6
Q# 3 or t -Q# 3

W`T ? `/O 3 of ),5 "V , 3 ") 3

1
#j

Q%& 5/3 W`T%?V 5/1


3 )-5 "V-") 1/1 t < 1/1
3 Q# 1/1
3 ~ #j & 1/1

5 words in the )FG, 1 word as (>t"|


3 Q#%
Q%& 5/3 Q# 3 n ` n O n 3 & (ID), V4&; L%Q%9& Q#,3 feminine suffix ` (` , 3

`1, 3 `()3 and O (%


3 , 3 2% , 3 n% );3 in >F ? <`.
3
W`T%?V 5/1 This is adjective only to ` and O . 3
)-5 "V-") 1/1 ) 5 of ) , 3 "V and
3 3 "V;3 this stra is applicable for
") of
t of only these
suffixes.
3
t < 1/1 Single-lettered suffix, defined by 1.2.41 t *%# 3 Ld&.

Q# 3 1/1 L%Q%9 Q#;3 adjective to t <. 3

3 elide + T *<?
#j & 1/1 V4 S"V #j & to 3 " "|&; that which is elided; )<%(%"f*9

to t ! Q#.3

[LSK] Q# %V 5/1
3 9< 1/1
3 , W`T 1/2 d_ 1/2 % _ 1/2 VW %V 5/1
3 n 0 9< 1/1
3 )-5 "V-") S"V 0 VV 1/1
3 t < 1/1
3

Q# 1/1
3 V4 III/1
3
t Q# 3 of ),5 "V and
3
") which is after Q#,3 or which is after W`T ? ` or O , 3 is elided.
)"Y + ) 5
)Y 3 ( +
3 )3 7.1.93 ( 3 )_ ~ )& $ )}^_
With the help of 1.1.53 " ~ #&
3 )3
)Y%( + 6.4.8 )>?(%<%( 4 n%)}^_ ~ (& h f%d%& W`T&? $
)Y%( 3 3 "5 V
6.1.68 Q%j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ~ #j &
To be continued

97
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

Side note:
Question #1: Why is W`T%?V3 required to qualify ` and O , 3 while they are W`T ? by
themselves?
3
Answer #1: When `/O -ending word is in conmpound as h|9 W, and when it is
h ) (? (v_), it becomes o-ending by 1.2.48 vj"{Gdj ) (? ~ o&.
<%#%d%& "VH% & "V<%#&
"V + <%#% + ")5 (>%-) "(9%Wd& H% %0 %
"V + <%# vj"{Gdj ) (? ~ o&
"V<#
3
<%#% is a % -ending word. After compounding, the declension will be "V<#& 1/1,
3 "5 V
without )#j by 6.1.68 Q%j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ~ #j & because of not being W`T ?.

Question #2: Why is Q#3 required to qualify )-"V-") t ?


*
3 replaced by #,3 the content of which is
Answer #2: In "# 3, "V is
t .

Question #3: In the >t"|, the word was brought in. How did it come?
Answer #3: ), "V, ") being Ld, L*t "V which precedes is understood. Making L*t "V
3
">\4, Q# 3 and % become ">\41. Between them VW ">"f is applied.

Question #4: As for the case when Q# 3 is followed by t Q# 3 in this stra, will 8.2.23

)!djv% #j & do the same job?
Answer #4: That is a "G %W` stra. It would create problems such as the following:
3 )5
9% %( +
9% %( 3 3 "5 V
6.1.68 Q%j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ~ #j &
9% % 8.2.7 (#j & L%"V "W*%
3
If the ) was elided by 8.2.23 )!djv% #j &, 8.2.7 (#j & L%"V "W*% would not
work because of the ")^> of the #j of ). 3

98
"5 6$%& S. .5

[">"f)FG<]3 8.2.7 (#j & L%"V "W*% ~ W


3 the end of L%"V "W* and W is elided.
( at

6
L%"V "W*
(3
and W

1
#j

( 6/1 #j & 1/1 L%"V "W* 6/1 6/1 ~ W 6/1


4 words in the )FG, 1 word as (>t"|
( 6/1 1`-*>n(<; 3 it should be understood as (& or (*%9; in %(d4 jv% 1`.
#j & 1/1 This is OW4\&.
L%"V "W* 6/1 1`-*>n(<; 3 it should be understood as L%"V "W*; this is adjective
to W.
6/1 )<%(%"f*9 to (*%9; in %(d4 jv% 1`.
W 6/1 From "f*%9)FG 8.1.16 W; in >d>1` to and (&.

Here is the reason why ( and L%"V "W* are taken as Ws3:
The main sentence of the stra is (*%9 #j &. Still, ( is not compounded with #j
as (*%9 #j & (#j & (6T) because ( is )<%(%"f*9 to . Just as in (t 9%< )4V&,
compounding 9%< and )4V& is not possible.
3 at the end of what? W. What kind of W? W which is L%"V "W*.
( is

3
a%#<(j9<% explains well the reason for interpretating 1`.
t ,W< 3 O1?& 1+% * 3 (*%9 #j & %V S0
( S"V %(1+ ! 0 3 ?& S"V (*%9 ">\41< 3 V& > n (
">\41-)% 3 \]4( )<%)& ( p>"V )%< %?V 3 V
4 %V #j &? S"V 4 %d%< 3 W S"V "f*t V< 3 >d>1+ < 3
"4 V
W d& d< 3 -V- >d>& d (*%9 #j & S"V *`q\! W< S"V
3 4 %d%! L%"V "W* S"V 1+ < 3
"4 V

99
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[LSK] L%"V "W*-)!U*< 1/1


3 dV 1/1
3 W< 1/1
3 VW 6/1 ( 6/1 #j & 1/1
3
There is elision of ( which is end of the W which is termed L%"V "W*.
Note that VW is 6T.
[LSK] )Y%
)"Y + ) 5
)Y 3 ( +
3 )3 7.1.93 ( 3 )_ ~ )& $ )}^_
With the help of 1.1.53 " ~ #&
3 )3
)Y%( + 6.4.8 )>?(%<%( 4 n%)}^_ ~ (& h f%d%& W`T&? $
)Y%( 3 3 "5 V
6.1.68 Q%j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ~ #j &
)Y% 8.2.7 (#j & L%"V "W*% ~ W

100
"5 6$%& S. .5

[ "VW4\)FG<]3 3 (%<%(< "V


7.1.92 )9)}^_ ~ $%V )>? 3 3

After )"Y-\], )>?(%<%( which is not )}"^ is treated as "V. 3

5 1
)>?(%<%( other
)"Y
than )}"^

1
Like "V 3

)& 5/1 )}^_ 7/1 ~ $%V 5/1


3 )>?(%<%(< 1/1
3 "V 1/1
3

2 words in the )FG, 3 words as (>t"|


)& 5/1 In >F ? <`.
)}^_ 7/1 This is adjective to )>?(%<%(<; 3 the 7th case is here to be understood as
1st case.
3
$%V 5/1 From 6.4.1 $; ">p""> "9%< took place.
3
)>?(%<%(< 1/1 3 (%<%( 4; ">p""> "9%< took place.
From 7.1.86 SVjV )>?
3
"V 1/1 From 7.1.90 vjVj "V.3

[LSK] )& 5/1 $%V 5/1


3 9< 1/1
3 )}"^-> <? 1/1
3 )>?(%<%(< 1/1
3 "ZV 03 %V III/1
3
After $ which is )"Y, )>?(%<%( other than )}"^ should be like "V. 3

)"Y + y
3 (%<%(< "V
y being one of the )>?(%<%(, by 7.1.92 )9)}^_ ~ $%V )>? 3 , 3 y will
3 the next stra.
be treated as "V by

101
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[">"f)FG<]3 7.2.115 nj ""V ~ $ >t"^&


3
>t"^ takes place at the end of n-ending 3
$ when followed by "V/"V 3
-Ld.

6 7
$ n3 3
"V/"V 3
Ld

1
>t"^

n& 6/1 ""V 7/1 ~ $ 6/1 >t"^& 1/1


2 words in the )FG, 2 words as (>t"|
n& 6/1 L%Q%9 n; 3 this is ">\41 to $, thus VW ">"f is applied to make
$; in %(d4 jv% 1`.
3 _ (ID)_ SV_ d )& "V (116B)
3 n
""V 7/1 n 3 Ld&, V"(; 3 in 9)<`.
>t"^& 1/1 This is OW4\&; %(4 9V<& is required to decide which one of the three.
$ 6/1 From 6.4.1 $.

[LSK] %$ 6/1 >t"^& 1/1 ""V 7/1 ""V 7/1 n 0 94 7/1


3
>t"^ is the substitute in the place of the last letter of n-ending 3 "V 3
$ when "V or
suffix follows.
[LSK] )Y%d_
)"Y + y
)Y x + y 7.2.115 nj ""V ~ $ >t"^&, with the help of "9p%1% 1.1.52 #j4 and
1.1.50 %(4 9V<&.
3 y
)Y%d + 6.1.78 njd>%d%>& ~ "n

[LSK] )Y%d& 1/3 Q4 )Y4 8/1 )Y%d< 2/1 3 )% 3/1 )4 4/1


3 )Y%d_ 2/2 )Y`( 2/3

See the chart for each declension.

4
3 understood clearly. [B] dG )%%V %(`
S*j v>t^` is not required here because %"(( is 3 ( "("Wk&
)%>?f%V*%0 ?f%V*dj&, ")"n >t"^& - S%W_, VGx>d4 ! "9.Q%1% L>V?V,4 ( V nj ""V S%W_, %"("(W\%V 3

102
"5 6$%& S. .5

[">"f)FG<]3 6.1.112 %V 3 9 ~ "))j& V& hV )!


3 "QV%d%< 3
3
After and , 3 that are results of d-)",
3 3 replaced by h.
of ")5 and ) is

5 6
3 3
/ of ")/) 3

1
h

%V 5/1
3 9 6/1 ~ ")5)j& 6/2 V& 6/1 hV 1/1
3 )!"QV%d%< 7/1
3

2 words in the )FG, 4 words as (>t"|


3
%V 35/1 & n & n -< (SD), 3
V%V;3 these s after and 3
are for h%9; 3
3
and indicate 3
the forms after applying d-)" on "Y, Y`, "V, or V`; in >F ? <`.
9 6/1 This word is to indicate the end of "f*%9 by 6.1.84 *& >F ? 9dj&. By 1.1.67
V%"W|9, the 5th case-ending word %V3 can bring 9/h|9. However,
9 is told in the stra in order to suggest the end of the "f*%9.
3 "))_ (ID), Vdj&; )}4 1` to V&.
")5)j& 6/2 From 6.1.110 ")5)j; ")& n ) n
V& 6/1 From 6.1.109 & W% %W"V; ">p""> "9%< makes 7th case to 6th case.
hV 3 1/1 From 6.1.111 sV hV;3 this is OW4\.

[LSK] "Y-"V-\]%%< 5/2


3 Y`-V`-\]%%< 5/2 3 \%%< 5/2
3 *t V-d-OW4 3 9 6/1 ")5)j& 6/2 V& 6/1 h& 1/1

3 \, short
After "Y, "V, Y`, or V`, with d-OW4 3 substituted by h.
of ")5 and ) is
[LSK] )& 5/1, 6/1
)"Y + ")5
3
) + )3 6.1.77 S*j d"n ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
3 h) 3
) + 6.1.112 %V 3 9 ~ ")5)j& V& hV )!
3 "QV%d%< 3

)& 8.2.66 )) 1j 5 : , 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&

103
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[">"f)FG<]3 7.3.118 yV 3 ~ S&'%< 4


3 &
3
" () -Ld for 7/1) preceded by S is replaced by y

5 6
S/h "

1
y

yV 1/1
3 ~ S&/%< 5/2
3 4 & 6/1

1 word in the )FG, 2 words as (>t"|


3
yV 1/1 This is OW4\, for ".
3
S&/%< 5/2 3 in >F ? <`; here in this stra, there is no example
From 7.3.117 S&/%< ;
of h, thus only S is considered.
4 & 6/1 From 7.3.116 4 9%! (% `&; in %(d4 jv% 1`.

[LSK] SV& 0 9 6/1 4 & 6/1 yV 1/1


3

y is the substitute in the place of " which is after short S.


[LSK] )_ 7/1
)"Y + "
)"Y + y 7.3.118 yV 3 ~ S&'%< 4
3 &
3 y
) + 6.1.77 S*j d"n ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
)_
[LSK] \41< 1/1
3 Q"9>V 03

104
"5 6$%& S. .5

Declension of )"Y (S- -! 2)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


)"Y + ) 5 )"Y + y )"Y + ) 3
)Y( +3 ) 3 7.1.93 3 7.1.92
suffix is "ZV by 3 7.1.92
suffix is "ZV by
1 )Y%( +3 ) 3 6.4.8 )Y x + y 7.2.115 )Y x + ) 3 7.2.115
)Y%( 3 6.1.68 )Y%d_ 6.1.78 )Y%d& 6.1.78
)Y% 8.2.7
)"Y + ) 5
S1 )Y4 + ) 3 7.3.108 same as above same as above
)Y4 6.1.69
)"Y + < 3 )"Y + \) 3
3 7.1.92
suffix is "ZV by )Y`) 3 6.1.102
2 same as above
)Y x + < 3 7.2.115 )Y`( 3 6.1.103
)Y%d< 3 6.1.78
)"Y + % )"Y + %< 3 )"Y + "p) 3
3
)% 6.1.77 )"Y%< 3 )"Y"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
)"Y + 4 )"Y + ) 3
4 same as above
)4 6.1.77 )"Y& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
)"Y + ")5
) +3 ) 3 6.1.77
5 same as above same as above
3 h) 3 6.1.112
) +
)& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
)"Y + u) 3 )"Y + O< 3
) +3 u) 3 6.1.77 3
)"Y + ( O< 3 7.1.54
6 same as above )j& 8.2.66, 8.3.15 )Y` + (%< 3 6.4.3
)Y`(%< 3

)"Y + " )"Y + ) 3


7 )"Y + y 7.3.118 same as above )"Y1 8.3.59
)_ 6.1.77

105
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

S-*%9% - "5 6$& (3) "V

["(d<)FG<]3 1.4.8 "V& )<%) > ~ "T


As for "V-\0, "T-)!U% is given only when in compound.

"V& 1/1 )<%)4 7/1 > 0 ~ "T 1/1


3 words in the )FG, 1 word as (>t"|
"V& 1/1 This is )!U`.
)<%)4 7/1 In "f*94 )<`.
> 0 This >*%9 indicates that this stra is "(d<)FG; )!U% should be limited to "V in
)<%)5.
"T 1/1 This is )!U%.

This is "(d<)FG. Even without this stra, "V in )<%) would have gained "T-)!U% by
1.4.7 \41j $)"Y. Still, this stra is started to teach that what is not said in this stra is
excluded. This is said by the >% ")^4 )"V O9i<%(& "(d<%d. What should be understood
by this "(d<)FG is that "V which is not in )<%) does not gain "T-)!U%. For more information
on "(d<)FG, see the appendix of Volume 1.

[LSK] "T-)!U& 1/1


"V should be termed "T only in )<%). If not in )<%), "T-)!U% is not given.

[LSK] & 5/1, 6/1 _ 7/1 \41< 1/1


3 Q"9>V 03

"V, when not in compound, does not gain "T-)!U%. Thus ">"f)FGs that require "T-)!U%
3
are not applicable. n-)"s are applied instead.
"V + ")5
3
+ )3 6.1.77 S*j d"n ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
3 h) 3
+ 6.1.112 %V 3 9 ~ ")5)j& V& hV )!
3 "QV%d%< 3

& 8.2.66 )) 1j 5 : , 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&

5
This "(d< is to tell that "T-)!U% is for "V in )<%) only, not for )<%) ending with "V. To make this
point clear, > is used. For pF "V, the entire word gets "T-)!U%.

106
"5 6$%& S. .5

"V + "
"V + y 7.3.118 yV 3 ~ S&'%< 4
3 &
3 y
+ 6.1.77 S*j d"n ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
_
The rest is like Q"9.
Declension of "V (S- -! 3)
Non-"T-)!U*-S*%9% - "5 6$\]&

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

S1

2
"V + %
3
% 6.1.77
"V + 4
4
4 6.1.77
"V + ")5
+ 3 ) 3 6.1.77
5
3 h) 3 6.1.112
+
& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
6 same as above
"V + "
7 "V + y 7.3.118
_ 6.1.77
The shaded area is like )"Y.
The rest declines like Q"9.

[LSK] )<%)4 7/1 V 0 pF Vd4 4/1


Whereas, in compound, "V gains "T-)!U% and declines like Q"9 all the way.

107
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

S-*%9% - "5 6$& (4) *"V

The fourth S*%9% -L%"V "W* is *"V. A distinguishing feature of this L%"V "W* is being
ending with 2"V, a V"^V-Ld denoting measurement.
3 % S"V *"V What is the number of this (how many)? is *"V.
*% )
3 2"V
"*< + 3 % "9<%4 2"V n
5.2.41 "*<& )
* 3 + "V 6.4.143 4 & ~ p "2"V #j &
By being V"^V% , this is L%"V "W* by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%

[LSK] *"V-\]& 1/1 "(< 03 ab>n(% & 1/1


*"V declines always in plural.
*"V + ) 3
*"V 7.1.22 12 3j * 3 ~ \)j&

Six stras are introduced in the declension of *"V.


3 %-)!U% is given to 2"V-ending word by 1.1.23 ab-v->V-2"V )
1. ) 3 %

2. 1 3-)!U% also is given to 2"V-ending word 1.1.25 2"V n ~ 1 3


3. 3
) and 3
\) get * 3 elision when preceded by 1 3-)!U*- $ by 7.1.22 12 3j * 3
4. *-3 )!U% is defined by 1.1.61 Ld *-3 1- & ~ W\?(< 3
5. Suffix, even after its elision, can still be "("<| for another ">"f by 1.1.62 Ld#j 4
Ld#< 3
6. However, that is negated if the ">"f is for modification on $.

108
"5 6$%& S. .5

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.1.23 abv>V2"V )%


3 %.
ab-\], v-\], >V-5 Ld-ending word, and 2"V-Ld-ending word are termed )

ab-v->V-2"V 1/1 )
3 % 1/1

2 words in the )FG, no word is required as (>t"|.


ab-v->V-2"V 1/1 This is )!U`; ab& n v& n >V& n 2"V& n abv>V2"V (SD); ab and v are
L%"V "W*s; >V 5 6 and 2"V are Lds; by ( -) LdQ4 VW Q<,3 >V-5 ending and 2"V-ending
words are understood; here, ( -) )!U%">f_ LdQ4 VW Q! (%" does not work.
3 % 1/1 This is )!U%.
)

3 %-)!U% is used in the sense of natural ( *t "G<) meaning as well as


In )!U%LW4\, )
artificial (*t "G<) meaning. 7
3 %-)!U% = *, "Z, "G, etc., words denoting numbers
Natural ( *t "G<) meaning of )
3 %-)!U% = ab, v, >V-5 ending, and 2"V-ending words
Artificial (*t "G<) meaning of )

3 % extends the meaning of the word )


This stra 1.1.23 abv>V2"V ) 3 % from

*t "G< to *t "G<.8

6
3 V
>V 5 is V"^VLd taught by 5.2.39 dV-VW4 4 & "9<%4 >V 5 3 to make d%>V, 3 V%>V, 3 and V%>V. 3
7
Generally, there is %d (logic) stating *t "G<%*t "G<dj& *t "V<4 *%d?)L! d&, artificial name is
understood in stras. However, this %d is not applicable in the case of )!%-)!U%, as seen in )!U%LW4\
as U% * as follows:
abf%, vf%, V%>^%, *"Vf%, f%, etc. by 5.3.42 )%d% ">f%0 f%
ab*t &, v*t &, V%> t &, *"V*t &, *t &, etc. 5.4.17 )%d%& "Hd%%>t"|v( 4 *t )n 3
8
VFG<"VW4\%02 dWd<)%! )4%Q [M Bh]

109
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

3 %-)!U% is prerequisite for 1 3-)!U% defined in the next two stras. The first one is
)
introduced later in #T")^% *_<W`.

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.1.24 % % 1 3 ~ )
3 %
3
1-ending 3
and (-ending words denoting number are termed 1 3.

% %& 1/3 1 1/1 3 % 1/1


3 ~ )
2 words in the )FG, 1 word as (>t"|
3 (n
% %& 1/3 1 n _ (ID) _ _ d%& V%& 3
% %& (116B); those which end with 1 or
(; 3 adjective to ) 3
3 %. Note that ( becomes 3 8.4.2 with 1 as
by 3 "("<|.

3 % 1/1 This word is #j*L")^ )


) 3 %, the word used in the natural language,

denoting numbers.
1 3 1/1 This is )!U%.

3 ( are
3 % which end with 1 or
L%"V "W*s called ) 3 3
six: ( (5), 3
11 (6), 3
)( (7), 3
k( (8),
3
(>( (9), 3
and W\( (10). They are termed 1 3 by this stra.

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.1.25 2"V n ~ 1 3


2"V-Ld-ending word is also termed 1 3.

2"V 1/1 n 0 ~ 1 1/1


3
2 words in the )FG, 1 word as (>t"|
2"V 1/1 This is )!U`. By ( -) LdQ4 VW Q<,3 2"V-ending word is understood. Here,
in order to make sense, ( -) )!U%">f_ LdQ4 VW Q! (%" does not work.
n 0 This connects to the previous stra 1.1.26 % % 1 3 and brings 1 3 down.
1 3 1/1 This is )!U%; from 1.1.26 % % 1 3 .

[LSK] 2"V- % 1/1 )%1/1 1 3-)!U% 1/1 %V III/1


3

2"V-Ld-ending )%word is termed 1 3.

Now, *"V is termed )%and 1 3 by these stras.

110
"5 6$%& S. .5

[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.22 12 3j * 3 ~ \)j&


3
There is *-elision 3
of ) and 3
\) when 1 3-)!U* word precedes.

5 6
1 3 3
)/\) 3

1
* 3

12 3& 5/3 * 3 1/1 ~ \)j& 6/2


2 words in the )FG, 1 word as (>t"|
12 3& 5/3 L%"V "W* is 11. 3 By W% - 3
, the last 1 becomes 3
2 3 and further 3 by n?. 11 is
)!U% defined by 1.1.24 % % 1 3 and 1.1.25 2"V n ; in >F ? <`.
* 3 1/1 This is OW4\; definition of *-3 )!U% is done by the next stra.
3 \) n
\)j& 6/2 ) n 3 \)_ (ID), Vdj&; in %(d4 jv% 1`.

[LSK] \)j& 6/2


3
There is *-elision 3
in the place of ) and 3
\) when 1 3 is preceding.
[LSK "` ] 1 3-)!U*4 & 5/3 9dj& 6/2 \)j& 6/2 * 3 1/1 S0&? 1/1

*"V + ) 3
*"V 7.1.22 12 3j * 3 ~ \)j&
Unlike #j -elision, there is no need to determine which letter of the suffix is to be
elided because *-3 elision is to elide the whole suffix. This is taught in the next stra.

111
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.1.61 Ld 3 & ~ W\?(< 3


Elision of suffix is termed *,3 1, and . 3

Ld 6/1 *-3 1- & 1/3 ~ W\?(< 1/1


3

2 words in the )FG, 1 word as (>t"|


Ld 1/1 in )}1` connected to W\?(<. 3
*-3 1- & 1/3 This is )!U%; * 3 n 1 n n
3 *-3 1-- & (ID).

3
W\?(< 1/1 From 1.1.60 W\?( ! #j &; this is )!U%.

3 - -\]x
[LSK] *-1 3 & 3/3 *t V< 1/1
3 Ld- W\?(< 1/1
3 H<%V 03 V|!U< 1/1
3 %V III/1
3

The elision of suffix done by the word *3 , 1, and 3 is termed by each name
respectively.

Note that #j is a )!U% denoting elision in general. Under the general category of #j ,
there is a specific category which *,3 1, are
3 in, which is the elision of an entire Ld.

W\?( in general (#j )

W\?( in particular
W\?( of entire Ld (*,3 1, )3

*,3 1, and are


3 meant only for Ld, and they elide all the letters of the Ld.
#j can elide any entity ( $, f%V, Ld, etc.) and it elides only one letter with the
help of 1.1.52 #j , unless the area of elision is specified (such as 4 & #j &).

Three different names, *,3 1, and are


3 given to the same elision of Ld. This is
because there are three different types of effects which will take place after the elision. For
example, after 1-elision, there should be "Z, reduplication. A L%"V "W* whose derivation
3
involves -elision declines in a certain manner. Generally, no special effect takes place
3
after *-elision except for a few rare conditions. The following shows some examples.

112
"5 6$%& S. .5

1) * 3

3 V + ) 5
9%< + ) + 2.2.8 1` ~ )<%)& V 1&, 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*< 3
9%< + V 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ~ * 3
9%<V
3
Generally, after *-elision, * 3 does not become a cause for the next effect.
However, there are a few instances where * 3 becomes the cause for another effect.
+ # 3 3.2.123 >V?<%( 4 # 3 ~ Ld& f%Vj& 9
+ "V 3 3.4.78 "V"{... ~ #
3 "V
+\ + 3.1.68 *V?"9 \ 3 ~ )%>?f%V*4
+ "V 2.4.72 "WLpt"V& \ & ~ * 3
_ + "V 7.3.89 hVj >t"^?"* Q"# ~ )%>?f%V*4 " "V ( %)
When * 3 occurs, there is >t"^ of h*%9 which is followed by Q#%"W " V )%>?
3 f%V*, if the

f%V is not reduplicated.

2) 1

1-elision of Ld necessarily causes "Z of f%V which is L*t "V of the Ld.
3 "V
b+\ + 3
3.2.123 >V?<%( 4 # 3, 3.4.78 "V), 3.1.68 *V?"9 \ 3 ~ )%>?f%V*4
b + "V 2.4.75 Qj%"W& 1& ~ \ &
b + b + "V 6.1.10 1_ ~ *n& Z4 L0<
+ Qj + "V %)*%d%?", $*%d%?" n

3) 3

When a suffix is elided by , 3 the >t"| (L*t "V + Ld) takes the gender and number of
L*t "V.
*%! "(>%)& ( W& *9>&
3
* + O< + 3 4.2.69 V "(>%)& ~ 3
* + 3 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ~ * 3
* 4.2.81 ( W4 3
The word * is used in plural, following the gender and number of L*t "V by 1.2.51
" d>W 3 ">n( 4 .

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[ "9p%1%)FG<]3 1.1.62 Ld#j 4 Ld#<3


Elided Ld is still a cause for a change.

Ld#j 4 7/1 Ld#< 1/1


3

2 words in the )FG. (>t"| is not required.


Ld#j 4 7/1 Ld #j & Ld#j & (6T), V"(;3 remember that #j includes *,3 1, and
; 3 in )"V)<`.
3
Ld#< 3 1/1 Ld& #! = "("<|! d VV Ld#! 3
= *%d?< (116B); an effect which is
caused by the suffix.

[LSK] Ld4 7/1 4 7/1 ()"V 7/1) VW%"cV< 1/1


3 *%d?< 1/1
3 %V III/1
3
When there is elision of suffix, an effect which depends on that suffix should take
place.
Note that the whole suffix has to be elided for this stra to take effect.

[LSK] S"V 0 7.3.109 ") n S"V 0 v4 7/1 L%4 7/1


By 1.1.62 Ld#j 4 Ld#<,3 the ) Ld,
3 which is elided, is still a cause for an
3
effect. Then the situation in which the ) causes v to $ by 7.3.109 ") n ~ o v& is
L%, possible. This is to be negated by the next stra.

114
"5 6$%& S. .5

["(14f)FG<]3 1.1.63 ( <V%$ ~ Ld#< 3


3 1/ cannot
Ld elided by */ 3 be the cause for a change in $.

( 0 <V% 3/1 $ 6/1 ~ Ld#< 1/1


3

3 words in the )FG. 1 word as (>t"|


( 0 Negating .
<V% 3/1 & " S"V <%(, 3 that which has , namely *,3 1, (
3 + <V 5 ),3 V4(: in

*94 VtV`d%.
$ 6/1 In )}1` to Ld#<; 3 an effect of $ caused by suffix.
Ld#< 3 1/1 From the previous stra.

3 Ld4 7/1) 4 7/1 V""<|< 1/1


[LSK] <V% 3/1 \]4( 3/1 (d"( 7/1 3 $*%d?< 1/1
3 ( 0 %V III/1
3
When a suffix is elided by elision which has in its name, an effect which depends
on that suffix should not take place.

*"V + ) 3
*"V 7.1.22 12 3j * 3 ~ \)j&
By 1.1.62 Ld#j 4 Ld#<,3 the elided ) can
3 be the cause for v by 7.3.109 ")
n. However, this is negated by 1.1.63 ( <V%$ because * 3 is <V and
3 the effect v is
$*%d? caused by the suffix elided by the <V. 3

[LSK] *"V *"V"p& *"V& *V`(%< 3 *"V1


3
) and 3
\) are elided by 7.1.22 12 3j * 3 ~ \)j&. Other forms are as usual.
[LSK] d W 3- W 3-1 3-)!U*%& "G1 ) %&
d W 3, W 3, 1 3-)!U*-\]s ( (, 3 11, 3 )(, 3 k(, 3 (>( W\(
3 , 3 and 2"V-ending word) decline
in the same manner in all three genders.
[LSK "` 4] "5 6${G`"#$( )
! *"#$41 )<%( %&; d0% *"V 1%&? *"V "{Gd&? *"V #%"(? S%"W

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

Declension of *"V (S- -! 4)


1 3-)!U*-S*%9% - "5 6$\]&

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

*"V + ) 3
1
*"V 7.1.22
S1 same as above

2 same as above

3 *"V"p&

4 *"V&

5 *"V&

6 *V`(%< 3

7 *"V1

The shaded area is 1 3-)!U%-*%d?.


The rest is like Q"9.

116
"5 6$%& S. .5

S-*%9% - "5 6$& (5) "G

[LSK] "G-\]& 1/1 "(< 03 ab>n(% & 1/1


"G declines always in plural.
"G means three. This \] declines differently in three genders.

Declension of "G (S- -! 5)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 Gd&

S1 same as above

2 G`( 3

3 "G"p&

4 "G&

5 same as above

6 Gd%%< 3 7.1.53

7 "G1

In 6/3, there is special stra only for "G.


The rest is like Q"9.

3 "G"p& 3/3 "G& 4/3, 5/3


[LSK] Gd& 1/3 G`( 2/3
"G + ) 3
G4 + ) 3 7.3.109 ") n ~ o v&
3
Gd + )3 6.1.78 njd>%d%>& ~ "n

To attain the form in 6/3, the next stra is required.

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.53 G45d& ~ O"<


3
"G is replaced by Gd when O< follows.

6 7
"G O< 3

1
Gd

G4& 6/1 Gd& 1/1 ~ O"< 7/1


2 words in the )FG. 1 word as (>t"|
G4& 6/1 L%"V "W* is "G; in %(d4 jv% 1`.
Gd& 1/1 This is OW4\
O"< 7/1 From 7.1.52 O"< )>?(% & ) 3; in 9)<`.

[LSK] "G-\] 6/1 Gd-OW4\& 1/1 %V III/1


3 O"< 7/1
3
Gd is the substitute in the place of "G when O< follows.
4 %">? is required.
"9p%1% 1.1.54 (*
[LSK] Gd%%< 6/3
3 "G1 7/3

"G + O< 3
Gd + O< 3 7.1.53 G45d& ~ O"< with the help of 1.1.54 (*
4 %">?
3
Gd + ( O< 3 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3 ~ O<&
Gd% + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ~ $ W`T&?
Gd% + %< 3 8.4.2 %>%d4"
[LSK] v_4 7/1 " 0
"LdGd%%< 6/3
3

Even when "G is in v_, Lf%(, h ) (? , secondary meaning, this stra is applicable.

118
"5 6$%& S. .5

S-*%9% - "5 6$& (6) "Z

"Z, two, is listed in )>%?"Wv. This L%"V "W* declines in three genders, but only in dual.
The declension is like -ending because of the next stra.

Declension of "Z (S- -! 6)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 Z_

2 same as above

3 Z%%< 3

4 same as above

5 same as above

6 Zdj&

7 same as above

There is no )}jf(.

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[">"f)FG<]3 7.2.102 W%W`(%<& ~ ">p_


is the replacement for the last letter of W 3 etc., when ">p" follows.

6 7
W%"W ">p"

W%W`(%< 6/3
3 & 1/1 ~ ">p_ 7/1
2 words in the )FG. 1 word as (>t"|
3 a group of )>?(%< starting from W 3,
W%W`(%< 36/3 W 3 O"W& d41%! V4 W%Wd& (116B), V41%< ;
and up to "Z, which is told in the next >%"V?*; W%"Wv consists of these eight L%"V "W*s:
W 3, VW 3, dW 3, VW 3, SW<, 3 W), 3 *, and "Z.
& 1/1 This is OW4\.
">p_ 7/1 From 7.2.84 k( O ">p_ ; ">p" is )!U% defined by 1.4.104 ">p" ~ "V&
) &; in 9)<`.

[LSK] 1%< 6/3


3 (= W%W`(%< 6/3
3 ) *%9& 1/1 (= & 1/1) ">p_ 7/1

is the substitute in the place of the last letter of W%"Wv when conjugational or
declensional suffix follows.

120
"5 6$%& S. .5

For W%"Wv, beginning (O"W) is specified as W 3, but the end ( 6? ) is not specified.
The next >%"V?* clears this point.

(>%"V?*<)3 "Z 6? %(%<4>"4 k&


W%"Wv is desired for the group up to "Z.

"Z- 6? %(%< 6/3


3 > 0 S"k& 1/1

3 words in the >%"V?*.


3 a group of words whose ending
"Z- 6? %(%< 3 6/3 "Z 6? ! d41%! V4 "Z 6? %& (116B), V41%< ;
is "Z.
> 0 alone.
S"k& 1/1 desired.

By this stra, members of W%"Wv are limited to eight L%"V "W*s in )>%?"Wv, which
are W 3, VW 3, dW 3, VW 3, SW<, 3 W), 3 *, and "Z.
3 and this stra
W%"Wv is used in stras such as 3.2.60 W%"W1 q\j(%#jn( 4 * n
7.2.102 W%W`(%<&.

[LSK] Z_ 1/2, 2/2


"Z + y
Z+y 7.2.102 W%W`(%<& ~ ">p_
Z_ ? >?& is L%, which is negated by 6.1.104 (%"W"n .
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
6.1.88 >t"^94"n ~ "n )!"QV%d%< 3

[LSK] Z%%< 3/2,


3 4/2, 5/2 Zdj& 6/2, 7/2
In the same manner, by 7.2.102 W%W`(%<& , "Z declines like *%9% L%"V "W*.

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

Now, the section of [-ending masculine starts.


There are ten types of [-ending masculine L%"V "W*s taught in #T")^% *_<W`.

Summary of [*%9% "5 6$\]s taught in #T")^% *_<W`

# L%"V "W*< 3 (W`- ending >F ? W< 3 $< 3 ">14\&


)!U*< 3

1 ` No y(%"W*-Ld% < 3 - - -

2 abc4d)` Yes `-Ld% < 3 - - -

3 "V#e` Yes y(%"W*-Ld% < 3 - - -

4 Lf` No f%V- >d>-[*%9% < 3 v"V& 4 %n 3


(* -

5 %<` No f%V- >d>-[*%9% < 3 *%9*< 3 4 %n 3


(* (`-f%V- \]&

6 (` No f%V- >d>-[*%9% < 3 - *%n 3 -

7 )c`, d>H` No f%V- >d>-[*%9% < 3 v"V&, *%9*< 3 4 %n 3


(* ? &
f%>d>)!djv >F *
S>?&

8 \^f` No f%V- >d>-[*%9% < 3 v"V*%9*-SV9V 3 4 %n 3


(* -

9 )f` No f%V- >d>-[*%9% < 3 v"V& 4 %n 3


(* There is special
stra for )f`.

10 )Y`, )V` No f%V- >d>-[*%9% < 3 not )<%) 4 %n 3


(* %V 3 9

Whether (W`-)!U% is given to L%"V "W*


Whether L%"V "W* is ending with feminine suffix `, f%V- >d> [, or none of them.
If L%"V "W* is ending with f%V- >d> [,
What is >F ? W like?
3 *%n?3
4 %n or
Is $ (*
(W`-*%d%?"
y%"W*-Ld&, Ld enjoined in h%"W)FG.
f%>d>-S>%? - $-*%d%?"

122
"5 6$%& [. .5

[-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) `

[LSK] %"V III/1 #j*< 2/1


3 S"V 0 `& 1/1 )Fd&? 1/1
One who protects the world is `, another name for )Fd.?

% 94 (2P) to protect + [ (h-) 3.159 d% j& "*W 3 Z4 n ~ [&


% %+[ (h-) 3.159 d% j& "*W 3 Z4 n ~ [&
%+[ 7.4.59 o& ~ %)
3 [
+ 6.4.64 OVj #j S" n
`
3
h%"WLds are considered to be *t V-Ld by 3.3.1 h%Wdj ab#< 3
By being *t W , this is L%"V "W* by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%
` + )5 4.1.2 o_ )..3
` + 5 8.2.66 )) 1j 5 :
`& 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&

Note that 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n has been already studied under ">P %-\]. Instead of
? >?W`T ? can be studied.
repeating the stra, this summary of "(14f of >F )
? >?W`T ? is negated under three conditions told in two stras:
>F )
1) When >? is followed by Sn, 3 by 6.1.104 ( 0 OV 5/1
3 S"n 7/1 ~ >F )
? >?& 1/1 W`T ?& 1/1

5 7
>? Sn 3

2) When W`T ? is followed by Sn, 3 by 6.1.105 W`T%?V 5/1


3 ( ") 7/1) n 0 ~ ( 0 >F )
? >?& 1/1 W`T&? 1/1 S"n 7/1

5 7
W`T ? Sn 3

3) When W`T ? is followed by of ), 3 by 6.1.105 W`T%?V 5/1


3 ") 7/1 n 0 ~ ( 0 >F )
? >?& 1/1 W`T&? 1/1
(S"n 7/1)
5 7
W`T ? )3

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[LSK] _ 1/2, 2/2


`+y 3
4.1.2 o_ )<_ 3 ~ %%"V "W*%V Ld& 9
1.4.22 4*dj"Z>n( x*>n( 4
3 L%, but it is negated
? >?& ~ *& "n >F ? 9dj& *& )!"QV%d%< is
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
by 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n (W`T ? [ is followed by Sn)3
_ 6.1.77 S*j d"n

[LSK] & 1/3


`+ )3
3 L%, but it is negated
? >?& ~ *& "n >F ? 9dj& *& )!"QV%d%< is
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
by 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n (W`T ? [ is followed by ))3
3
+ )3 6.1.77 S*j d"n
& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

[LSK] Q4 `& S1/1


Since this is not o-ending, 7.3.108 o v& ~ )}^_ does not apply. The same
L"Hd% as 1/1.

[LSK] `< 2/1


3 3 % 3/1
`( 2/3 `%< 3/2,
3 4/2, 5/2 `"p& 3/3 4 4/1 `& 4/3, 5/3 &
5/1, 6/1
j& 6/2
See the declension chart for the ")"^.

? %V 5/1
[LSK] W`T 3 ( 0 ( 1/1
3 , %< 6/3
3

` + O< 3
3 O< 3
+ 6.1.77 S*j d"n

[LSK] _ 7/1 V 0 )>?W`T&? 1/1, ` 7/1


` + "
` 6.1.101 *& )> W`T&?
[LSK] j& 7/2 `1 7/3

124
"5 6$%& [. .5

Declension of ` ([- -! 1)
(y(%"W*-[*%9% - (W`)!U*-[*%9% "5 6$-\]&)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


` + )5 `+y `+ )3
`5 8.2.66 6.1.102 is L%, but negated by 6.1.102 is L%, but negated
1 `& 8.3.15 6.1.105. by 6.1.105.
_ 6.1.77 ) 3 6.1.77
& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
S1 same as above same as above same as above
`+ <3 ` + \) 3
2 `< 3 6.1.107 same as above `) 3 6.1.102
`( 3 6.1.103
` + % ` + %< 3 ` + "p) 3
3
% 6.1.77 `%< 3 `"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
` + 4 ` + ) 3
4 same as above
4 6.1.77 `& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
` + ")5
5 same as above same as above
& 6.1.77
` + u) 3 ` + O< 3
6 same as above
j& 6.1.77 %< 3 6.1.77
` + " `+) 3
7 same as above
` 6.1.101 `1 8.3.59

[LSK] >< 03 >%VL<`-OWd& 1/3


>%VL<` etc., declines in the same manner, as the one which ends with y%"W*-[-Ld.
>%V! L"<<`V4, one who measures the wind, S"V >%VL<` P&
3 L + <% 3 <%( 4 (3A) to measure + [
>%V + < + (h-) 4.1 >%VL<`& ~ [&
>%V + L + <% + [ 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ~ * 3
3 [
>%V + L + < + 6.4.64 OVj #j S" n
>%VL<`

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) abc4d)`

[LSK] a8& 1/3 c4d& 1/3 d 6/1 )& 1/1 abc4d)` 1/1
One who has many good things/ladies.
ab + `1 3 3 Gd%< 3
4.1.45 a9%"W ~ `1 "{
a9` 6.1.77 S*j d"n

3 ` 3
c4d) + 3 Gd%< 3
4.1.6 h"vV ~ ` "{
c4d)`

3 c4d)` + ) 3
a9` + ) + 4 < W%0 ~ ab `"Q& )<%)&
2.2.24 (*
a9` + c4d)` 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ~ * 3
ab + c4d)` 6.3.34 "{Gd%& >! W 3 p%"1V ! %W(F 3 )<%(%"f*94 "{Gd%< 9F `"Ld%"W1 ~ h|9 W4
The last [ does not become o by 1.48 vj"{Gdj ) (? because of "(14f by (>%-) [d)j
ab `Q4(" V >%:< 3 ~ o&
abc4d)`

abc4d)` + ) 5 1/1
abc4d)` 3 "V
6.1.68 Q# 3 %j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ~ #j &
3
Being `( )-ending 3 "V
word, and ending with W`T,? 6.1.68 Q# 3 %j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 is
applied.

abc4d)` + y 1/2
abc4d_ 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n , 6.1.77 S*j d"n

abc4d)` + ) 1/3
3

abc4d& 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n , 6.1.77 S*j d"n

abc4d)` + ) 5 S1/1
Now, the declension in )}"^ requires (W`-)!U%, which is defined in the next stra.

126
"5 6$%& [. .5

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.4.3 dF %%_ (W`


Long [/l-ending "({G`"#$ words are termed (W`.

dF 1/2 {G`-O_ 1/2 (W` 1/1


3 words in the )FG; no (>t"| is required.
dF 1/2 [ n l n dF (ID); [ + l = dF by 6.1.77 S*j d"n ; 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n does not apply
because of ;%<); this is adjective to {G`-O_; with VW ">"f, it is understood as [W , [-
ending and lW , l-ending.
3
{G`-O_ 1/2 This is )!U`; "{Gd< On%V4 3
= {G` + O 3 + % + * (*V?"9 *t V-Ld) = %%_,
those which denote feminine; the meaning is "(-{G`"#$-\].
(W` 1/1 This is )!U%; this is artificial name.

[LSK] [W _ 1/2 "({G`"#$_ 1/2 (W`)!U_ 1/2 & 1/2


Long [/l-ending words which are always in feminine are termed (W`.
For example, (W`, *%#`, *G, pv>V`, pF, etc. are "({G`"#$\]s which end with [ and l.
%<` (%< + (` + " ),3 Y# F (Y# + F + " )3 can be masculine as well as feminine.
These words are not "({G`"#$\]s.

As for abc4d)`, this is not a {G`"#$ word. How, then, does it gain (W`-)!U%? This is
because of the next vrtika:

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

(>%"V?*<)3 L0<"#$Q! n
Even when a "({G`"#$\] became v_ and changed its "#$ due to being in a )<%),
the )<%) word is treated as (W`)!U*.

L0<"#$Q< 1/1
3 n0

2 words in the >%"V?*


L0<"#$Q< 3 1/1 L0< )<%)%"W>t"|L>t|&4 >F 2 L>t| "#$& L0<"#$& (6T) V L0<"#$
3
Q< L0<"#$Q< 3
(6T); taking the gender of the original word before compounding.
n 0 Connecting the topic of (W`-)!U%.

? 03 %% 6/1 h ) (? 4 7/1 "


[LSK] >F < 0
(W`< 1/1
3 >< 1/1
3 S0&? 1/1

For a word originally "({G`\], even when it becomes h ) (? (v_), it is still (W`.
This has to be said.

By this vrtika, abc4d)` is considered to be (W`-)!U* word even though it is a


masculine word.

(W`*%d?s in declension are as follows:

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

S1 7.3.107 }%0(? j?o&

4 7.3.112 O(%& ~ ""V

5 7.3.112 O(%& ~ ""V

6 7.3.112 O(%& ~ ""V 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3

7.3.116 4 9% % `&
7
7.3.112 O(%& ~ ""V

128
"5 6$%& [. .5

[">"f)FG<]3 7.3.107 }%0 ?(j?o& ~ )}^_ $dj&


o takes place on $ which ends with a word whose meaning is mother, or (W`-
)!U* word when )}"^ follows.

6 7
$ ? (W`
}%0/ )}"^

1
o

}- 0-? (j& 6/2 o& 1/1 ~ )}^_ 7/1 $dj& 6/2


2 words in the )FG, 2 words as (>t"|
}- 0-? (j& 6/2 }% 0&? d )& }%0&? , a word whose meaning is mother, (116B)
}%0&? n (W` n }%0 ?(_ (ID), Vdj&; this is ">\41 to $dj&, the dual form of "f*%9)FG
6.4.1 $, thus VW ">"f is applied to make }%0 ?- - $ and (W`- - $.
o& 1/1 This is OW4\.
)}^_ 7/1 From 7.3.106 )}^_ n ; )}"^ is )!U% given to ) 5 in )}jf( by 2.3.49 *>n(!
)}"^&; in 9)<`.
$dj& 6/2 From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $; in %(d4 jv% 1`; >n("> "9%< is made to match
with }- 0 ?-(j& 6/2.

[LSK] )}^_ 7/1


o is the substitute in the place of the last letter of }%0 ?-ending or (W`-ending $,
when )}"^ follows.
[LSK] Q4 abc4d") S1/1
abc4d)` + ) 5 S1/1
abc4d") + ) 3 7.3.107 }%0(? j?o& ~ )}^_ $dj&
abc4d") 3 ^4& ~ #j &
6.1.69 o%V )}

See the declension chart for ")"^ in 2/1 to 3/3.

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[">"f)FG<]3 7.3.112 O(%& ~ ""V $%V 3


3
O 3 Ov< is attached to "V-Ld when preceded by (W`-ending $.

5 7
(W`-ending $ 3
"V-Ld

1
O 3
Ov<

O 1/1
3 (%& 5/1 ~ ""V 7/1 $%V 5/1
3

2 words in the )FG, 2 words as (>t"|


O 3 1/1 This is Ov<; being "V, 3 this Ov< becomes O"W- >d> of what is told in the 6th
case in the stra by 1.1.46 O _ "*V_.
(%& 5/1 (W`-)!U* word; this is adjective to $%V, 3 thus VW ">"f is applied, making
(W`-)!U*- %V 3 $%V.3
3
""V 7/1 3 SV d 3
)& "V (116B), V"(;3 since this stra does not have 6th case-ending
3 7th case-ending word is taken as 6th case-
word, by ( -) hpd"(W\ 4 <`"(W\j a#`d%( ,
ending word.
$%V 35/1 From "f*%9 6.4.1 $; by ">p""> "9%< it changes to 5th case-ending;
>F ? <`.

[LSK] (W`- %V 5/1


3 941%< 6/3
3 "V%< 6/3
3 O 3-Ov<& 1/1
3
O 3-Ov< is attached to "V-Lds after (W`-ending $.

abc4d)` + 4
abc4d)` + O 3 7.3.112 O(%& ~ ""V $%V 3
Whenever O 3-Ov< comes before n, 3 the next stra should be applied.

130
"5 6$%& [. .5

[">"f)FG<]3 6.1.90 O ~ "n >t"^& *& >F ? 9dj& )!"QV%d%< 3


When O 3-Ov< is followed by n, 3 >t"^ is the substitute for the two.

5 7
O 3 n3

6
1
>t"^&

O& 5/1 n 0 ~ "n 7/1 >t"^& 1/1 *& 1/1 >F ? 9dj& 6/2 )!"QV%d%< 7/1
3

2 words in the )FG, 5 words as (>t"|


O& 5/1 L%"V "W* is O 3, in >F ? <`.
n 0 Bringing the topic of >t"^.
3
"n 7/1 L%Q%9& n in 9)<`; From 6.1.77 S*j d"n .
3 This is OW4\&.
>t"^& 1/1 >t"^-)!U% is told by 1.1.1 >t"^9%Wxn .
*& 1/1 From an "f*%9-)FG 6.1.84 *& >F ? 9dj&. This is qualifying the >t"^-OW4\&.
>F ? 9dj& 6/2 From an "f*%9-)FG 6.1.84 *& >F ? 9dj&, in %(d4 jv% 1`; in the place of >F ?
and 9.
3
)!"QV%d%< 7/1 From the "f*%9)FG 6.1.72 )!"QV%d%< 3

[LSK] O& 5/1 "n 7/1 94 7/1 >t"^& 1/1 *%W4\& 1/1
>t"^ is the one substitute in the place of both >F ? and 9 when O 3-Ov< precedes and
3
n follows, in the topic of )!"QV%.

[LSK] abc4d x 4/1


abc4d)` + 4
abc4d)` + O 3 7.3.112 O(%& ~ ""V $%V 3
abc4d)` + w 6.1.90 O ~ "n >t"^& *& >F ? 9dj& )!"QV%d%< 3
3 w
abc4d + 6.1.77 S*j d"n ~ )!"QV%d%< 3

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[LSK] abc4d%& 5/1, 6/1


abc4d)` + ")5
abc4d)` + O 3 ) 3 7.3.112 O(%& ~ ""V $%V 3
abc4d)` + O) 3 6.1.90 O ~ "n >t"^& *& >F ? 9dj& )!"QV%d%< 3
3 O) 3
abc4d + 6.1.77 S*j d"n ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
abc4d%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

abc4d)` + u) 6/2,
3 7/2
3 u) 3
abc4d + 6.1.77 S*j d"n ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
abc4dj& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

[LSK] abc4d)`(%< 6/3


3

abc4d)` + O< 3
3
abc4d)` + ( O< 3 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3 ~ O<&
abc4d)` + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ~ $ W`T&? n&
abc4d)`(%< 3

abc4d)` + " 7/1


abc4d)` + O< 3 7.3.116 4 9% % `&
3 the next stra.
"-Ld is replaced by O< by
7.1.54 o(% j ( 3 does not take place because of 1.4.2 ">L"V14f 4 9! *%d?< 3
abc4d)` + O 3 O< 3 7.3.112 O(%& ~ ""V $%V 3
abc4d)` + O< 3 6.1.90 O ~ "n >t"^& *& >F ? 9dj& )!"QV%d%< 3
Again, 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3 does not take place because of "9p%1%
)*t V_ ">L"V14f 4 d=%"fV! V=%"fV<4> What is once negated is always negated.
3 O< 3
abc4d + 6.1.77 S*j d"n ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
abc4d%< 3

132
"5 6$%& [. .5

[">"f)FG<]3 7.3.116 4 9% % `& ~ $4&


3
"-Ld is replaced by O< when 3
it is preceded by (W`/O /(`-ending $.

5 6
$ (W`, O , 3 (` "

1
O< 3

4 & 6/1 O< 1/1


3 (W`-O -(`&
3 5/3
~ $4& 5/3
3 words in the )FG; 1 word as (>t"|
3
4 & 6/1 L%"V "W* is ", ) -Ld in 7/1; in %( 4djv% 1`.
3
O< 1/1 3
This is OW4\; the %"(( being 4 %">? is
a single letter, "9p%1% 1.1.55 (*
not required.
3
(W`-O -(`& 3 (`& n (%>& (ID), V4&; this is adjective to $4&, thus
5/3 (W` n O n
3
VW ">"f is applied, making (W`-O -(`- 4 & $4&.

$4& 5/3 From "f*%9 6.4.1 $; by ">p"->n(-"> "9%< it changes to 5th case
plural-ending; >F ? <`.

[LSK] (W`- %V 5/1


3 Oa %V 5/1
3 (`\]%V 5/1
3 n 0 9 6/1 4 & 6/1 O< 1/1
3
3 the substitute in the place of " after (W`-ending, O -ending,
O< is 3 or (`-word-
ending $.
[LSK] abc4d%< 7/1
3

See the previous page for ")"^.

[LSK] \41< 1/1


3 `>V 03
The rest declines like `.

133
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

Declension of abc4d)` ([- -! 2)


(`- -(W`)!U*-[*%9% "5 6$-\]&)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


abc4d)` + ) 5 abc4d)` + y abc4d)` + ) 3
abc4d)` 6.1.68 6.1.102 is L%, but negated by 6.1.102 is L%, but negated
1 6.1.105. by 6.1.105.
abc4d_ 6.1.77 abc4d) 3 6.1.77
abc4d& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
abc4d)` + ) 5
S1 abc4d") + ) 3 7.3.107 same as above same as above
abc4d") 6.1.69
abc4d)` + < 3 abc4d)` + \) 3
2 abc4d)`< 3 6.1.107 same as above abc4d)`) 3 6.1.102
abc4d)`( 3 6.1.103
abc4d)` + % abc4d)` + %< 3 abc4d)` + "p) 3
3
abc4d% 6.1.77 abc4d)`%< 3 abc4d)`"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
abc4d)` + 4 abc4d)` + ) 3
abc4d)` + O 3 7.3.112 abc4d)`& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
4 same as above
abc4d)` + w 6.1.90
abc4d x 6.1.77
abc4d)` + ")5
3
abc4d)` + O 3 ) 7.3.112
5 abc4d)` + O) 3 6.1.90 same as above same as above
3 O) 3
abc4d + 6.1.77
abc4d%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
abc4d)` + u) 3 abc4d)` + O< 3
6 same as above abc4d +3 u) 3 6.1.77, 3
abc4d)` + ( O< 3 7.1.54
abc4dj& 8.2.66, 8.3.15 abc4d)`(%< 3 6.4.3
abc4d)` + " abc4d)` + ) 3
abc4d)` + O< 3 7.3.116 abc4d)`1 8.3.59
7 abc4d)` + O 3 O< 3 7.3.112 same as above
abc4d)` + O< 3 6.1.90
abc4d%< 3 6.1.77
The only difference from (W`-)!U*-\] in feminine is in 2/3.

134
"5 6$%& [. .5

[-*%9% - "5 6$& (3) "V#e`

[LSK] `- %V 5/1
3 ( 0 )#j & 1/1

Because the word is not `-ending, there is no elision of ) by 6.1.68 Q%j W`T%?V 3
t ! Q# 3 .
)"V
3
The word #e` is derived from # f%V with y"W* [ Ld.
3 [
# + (h-) 3.160 #4<? 3 n
3 < 3 [
# + (h-) 3.160 #4<? 3 n
#e`
3
h%"WLd is considered to be *t V-Ld 3 #e` being *t V-Ld-
by 3.3.1 h%Wdj ab#< . 3

ending word, L%"V "W*-)!U% is given by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*<. 3

#e`< 3 "VH% & S"V "V#e`& One who goes beyond #e` (is very prosperous).
"V + #e` + < 3 (>%-) %Wd& H% %0 "ZV`dd% ~ V 1& )<%)&
L%"V "W*-)!U% is given by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*< 3
"V + #e` 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ~ * 3
"V#e`
#e` is "({G`"#$ word, but is v_ in this )<%). (>%-) L0<"#$Q! n gives (W`-)!U% to
this )<%), even though the )<%) word is masculine.

"V#e` + ) 5 1/1
"V#e`& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

[LSK] \41< 1/1


3 abc4d)`>V 03

The rest is like abc4d)`.

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

Declension of "V#e` ([- -! 3)


(y(%"W*-[*%9% -(W`)!U*-[*%9% "5 6$-\]&)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


"V#e` + ) 5
1
"V#e`& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
S1

The rest declines like abc4d)`

Just as #e`, there are seven words in feminine which end with y%"W* [ Ld. There
3 "V
is no )#j by 6.1.68 Q%j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 for these words because they are not
{G`Ld `-ending. The rest of the declension is identical to (W`. This is said by the loka
found in "` ?:

3
>`-V `-V9`-#e`-f`-`-c`%< h%"WV&
" {G`"#$>t|`(%! )j# j ( *W%n(

In fact, there are nine of such feminine words, and they are not always h%"WLd-
ending. They are just not ending with `-Ld.
p x<`*%9, the author of p x<`%% gives a better version of loka, in which these points
are covered.
>`-V `-9`-#e`-V9`-f`-`-"cd%! "pd&
3 Gd%<41%! ( )#j & *W%n(&
%V "{

136
"5 6$%& [. .5

[-*%9% - "5 6$& (4) Lf`

[LSK] Lf`& 1/1


L*t k! %dV`"V Lf`& One who meditates well is called Lf`.
Lf` is derived from L-h )v? >F * 3
? -x-f%V with " -Ld. The last [ is a modification of
3
the f%V. Thus this word is f%V- >d>-[*%9% . Lf` being " -ending word, it can be both
masculine and feminine. Thus this is not "({G`"#$ word. Because of this, Lf` does not
gain (W`)!U%, and is called (W`)!U* word.

3
L + x "n %d%< (1P) to contemplate
L + % 6.1.45 OW4n h W4\4 "\"V
L + % + " 3 (>%-) %dV4& )!L)%9! n
L + "f O + > 3 (>%-) %dV4& )!L)%9! n
L + "f + > 3 ? <3
6.1.108 )!L)%9% ~ >F
L+ f` + > 3 6.4.2 Q#& ~ W`T&?
Lf` 6.1.67 >49
t ~ #j &
L%"V "W*-)!U% 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*<. 3

Lf` + ) 5
Lf`& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
3 "V
Since this word does not end with `, 6.1.68 Q%j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 is not
applicable.

Lf` + y 1/2
Now, 6.1.77 S*j d"n is applicable. But the next stra comes as >%W.

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[">"f)FG<]3 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ ~ $


3
Sd and 3
h> are OW4\ for S>? and h>? which belong to $ ending with -Ld,
3
S>?/h>?-ending f%V, or ~F-\] when n-beginning suffix follows.

6
, 7
$ S>?/h>?-ending f%V, n 3 Ld
or ~F

1
3 h> 3
Sd/

"n 7/1 -f%V-~>%< 6/3


3 A@j& 6/2 Sd-3 h>_ 1/2 ~ $ 6/1

4 words in the )FG; 1 word as (>t"|


"n 7/1 In $ "f*%9, Ld4 in 7th case is understood. Since "n is adjective to Ld,
VW%"W">"f is applied, resulting in the meaning: %W_ Ld4.
3
-f%V-~>%< 6/3 & n f%V& n ~F n f%V~> (ID), V41%<3 is v">*9-Ld suffixed after the
f%V in 5th conjugation. ~F is a feminine word for eyebrow.
@j& 6/2 S& n h& n dF (ID), Vdj& With 1.1.69 "W>? n%Ld&, S and h of this word
indicate S>? and h>?. In %(d4 jv% 1`.
Sd-3 h>_ 1/2 Sd 3 n h> 3 n Sd-3 h>_ (ID) They are OW4\s.
3 1.3.3 Q#<,3 and
3 is SV by 3
is h%9%0 ?, thus the contents of the OW4\s are Sd and h>. 3
3 decided as the last single letter by 1.1.53 ". Also, 1.1.50
Being "V, 3 %"(( is
%(4 9V<& is used to decide Sd 3 or h>.3
$ 6/1 From 6.4.1 $.

[LSK] -Ld- 6/1 S>?-h>?- 6/1 f%Vj& 6/1 ~F S"V 0 6/1 n 0 $ 6/1 Sd-3 h>_ 1/2
& III/2 %W_ 7/1 Ld4 7/1 94 7/1
3 h> 3 are the substitutes in the place of the last letter of the $ which ends with
Sd/
3
, S>?/h>?-ending f%V, or ~F, when a suffix beginning with n follows.

138
"5 6$%& [. .5

Example of
3 "
O + 3.4.78 "V"{
3
O + " 7.1.3 j &
3
O + + " 3.1.73 o%"W& &
O + 3 +
3 ( h> 3 " 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ ~ $
OB>"

Example of ~F
~F + u) 3 3
4.1.2 o_ )
3 +
~ h> 3 u) 3 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ ~ $
~>j& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

Example of f%V
Here, S>? of f%V is followed by 3
%"W-) -Ld.
Lf` + y 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ is L%, but negated by the next stra.
[LSK] S"V 0 L%4 7/1

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[">"f)FG<]3 6.4.82 9(4*%nj)!djv >F


? ~ $ d f%Vj&
3 "n
3 the OW4\ when S>?-ending f%V is not preceded by conjunct
Instead of Sd,3 d is
consonant (which belongs to the f%V) and when $ contains more than one vowel.

& 6/1 (*
4 %n& 6/1 )!djv >F 3 f%Vj& 6/1 "n 7/1
? 6/1 ~ $ 6/1 d 1/1
3 words in the )FG; 1 word as (>t"|
& 6/1 L%"V "W* is S, representing S>?. This is adjective to f%Vj&, thus VW ">"f is applied,
resulting in S>%? f%Vj&.
4 %n& 6/1 (*
(* 3
4 4 n& d"( )& 3
4 %n (117B),
(* V This is adjective to $, resulting
in: $ which contains more than one vowel.
? 6/1 ( )!djv& >F &? d )& )!djv >F &? (NB), V This is adjective to &,
)!djv >F
resulting in: S>? which is not preceded by conjunct consonants.
$ 6/1 From 6.4.1 $
3
d 1/1 From 6.4.81 Sj d.3
f%Vj& 6/1 From 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_, only f%V in 6th case is taken out. This is
adjective to $, resulting in S>%? f%V- $.
"n 7/1 In $ "f*%9, Ld4 in 7th case is understood. Since "n is adjective to Ld,
VW%"W">"f is applied, resulting in: %W_ Ld4.

[LSK] f%V- >d>-)!djv >F &? 1/1 ( 0 p>"V III/1 d& 1/1 S>?& 1/1, VW & 1/1 d& 1/1 f%V& 1/1, VW 6/1 (*
4 %n&
6/1 3 (%V III/1
$ 6/1 d 1/1 3 ) %W_ 7/1 Ld4 7/1 ( 94 7/1)
3 the substitute in the place of the last letter of $ which has more than one n, 3
d is
and which ends with f%V ending with S>? which is not preceded by conjunct consonants
which are parts of the f%V.
[LSK] L_ 1/2
Lf` + y
3 y
L + 4 %nj)!djv >F
6.4.82 9(* 3
? ~ $ d f%Vj& "n
[ is f%V- >d> and is not preceded by )!djv of f%V. $ has two vowels. With the help
3
of 1.1.52 #j and 1.1.50 %(4 9V<& , d comes in the place of [.
[LSK] L& 1/3 L< 2/1
3 L_ 2/2 L& 2/3 L" 7/1

140
"5 6$%& [. .5

Declension of Lf` ([- -! 4)


? -f%V- >d>-[*%9% - (W`)!U*-[*%9%
( )!djv >F * 4 %n-3 $4 n)
? )<%)4 (*
"5 6$-\]& v"V- >F *

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


Lf` + ) 5 Lf` + y Lf` + ) 3
1 Lf`5 8.2.66 L_ 6.4.82 L) 3 6.4.82
Lf`& 8.3.15 L& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
S1 same as above same as above same as above
Lf` + < 3 Lf` + \) 3
2 L< 3 6.4.82 same as above L) 3 6.4.82
L& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Lf` + % Lf` + %< 3 Lf` + "p) 3
3
L% 6.4.82 Lf`%< 3 Lf`"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Lf` + 4 Lf` + ) 3
4 same as above
L4 6.4.82 Lf`& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Lf` + ")5
5 same as above same as above
L& 6.4.82
Lf` + u) 3 Lf` + O< 3
6 same as above
Lj& 6.4.82 L%< 3 6.4.82
Lf` + " Lf` + ) 3
7 same as above
L" 6.4.82 Lf`1

When 3
%"W-Ld follows, $ becomes L (d 3
takes place) by:
4 %nj)!djv >F
6.4.82 9(* 3
? ~ $ d f%Vj& "n

? >?&, 6.1.107 "< >F &? ,


Note that all the )" rules (6.1.77 S*j d"n, 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
? because of 9.
4 %nj)!djv >F
etc.) are negated by 6.4.82 9(*

[LSK] \41< 1/1


3 `>V 03
The rest (when Q#%"W Ld follows) declines like `.

141
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

Side note:
If the "| of Lf` is ab `"Q-)<%), then the declension will be different because f`
which is used in this compound is "({G`"#$\]. When this is the case, (W`-)!U% is given to
this compound.

x + " 3 L"Hd% of the derivation is the same as Lf`. See the previous section.
f` This is "({G`"#$\]. [ of f` is f%V- >d>.

L*t k% f1/1 f`& f1/1 d m6/1 )& m1/1 Lf`& m1/1


L + f` + ) 5 4 < W%0
2.2.24 (*
Lf`
(W`-)!U% is given by (>%-) L0<"#$Q! n

Thus, Lf` as ab `"Q-)<%) (W`)!U*-f%V- >d>-[*%9% - "5 6$\].


Declension of Lf` ([- -! 4-a)
? -f%V- >d>-[*%9% -(W`)!U*-[*%9%
( )!djv >F * 4 %n-3 $4 n)
? )<%)4 (*
"5 6$-\]& v"V- >F *

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 Lf`& L_ L&

S1 Q4 L"f same as above same as above

2 L< 3 same as above same as above

3 L% Lf`%< 3 Lf`"p&

4 Lx same as above Lf`&

5 L%& same as above same as above

6 same as above Lj& Lf`(%< 3

7 L%< 3 same as above Lf`1

The difference from (W`-)!U*-Lf`\] is shaded where (W`*%d?s are seen.

142
"5 6$%& [. .5

[LSK] >< 03 %<`& 1/1


%<! (d"V S"V %<`& The leader of a village is called %<`.
3 4 (1U) to lead + " 3 3.2.76 " n
%< + ` L% 3 ~ f%Vj& *t V 3

%< + (` 6.1.65 j (& ~ f%%W4&, >49


t ~ #j &
%<` (>%-) -%<%%! (dV4 >%:&

[LSK] _ 7/1 V 0 %<d%< 7/1


3

This is because (` is specifically told in 7.3.116 4 9% % `& ~ $4&. This is the only
difference from the previous word, Lf`.

Declension of %<` ([- -! 4-b)


? -(`-f%V- >d>-[*%9% - (W`)!U*-[*%9%
( )!djv >F * 4 %n-3 $4 n)
? )<%)4 (*
"5 6$-\]& *%9*- >F *

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


%<` + ) 5 %<` + y %<` + ) 3
1 %<`5 8.2.66 %<d_ 6.4.82 %<d) 3 6.4.82
%<`& 8.3.15 %<d& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
S1 same as above same as above same as above
%<` + < 3 %<` + \) 3
2 %<d< 3 6.4.82 same as above %<d) 3 6.4.82
%<d& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
%<` + % %<` + %< 3 %<` + "p) 3
3
%<d% 6.4.82 %<`%< 3 %<`"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
%<` + 4 %<` + ) 3
4 same as above
%<d4 6.4.82 %<`& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
%<` + ")5
5 same as above same as above
%<d& 6.4.82
%<` + u) 3 %<` + O< 3
6 same as above
%<dj& 6.4.82 %<d%< 3 6.4.82
%<` + " %<` + ) 3
%<` + O< 3 7.3.116 %<`1 8.3.59
7 %<` + O 3 O< 3 7.3.112 same as above
%<` + O< 3 6.1.90
%<d%< 3 6.4.82

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[-*%9% - "5 6$& (5) (`

4 %n& 6/1 "*< 03 ? (`& 1/1 "(d_ 1/2 "(d& 1/3


[LSK] (*
When $ contains only one n, 3 d by
3 6.4.82 9(* ? does not apply.
4 %nj)!djv >F
Instead, Sd 3 by 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ is applied.

(d"V S"V (`& Leader is called (`.


3 4 (1U) to lead + " 3
` L% 3 ~ f%Vj& *t V 3
3.2.76 " n
(` 6.1.65 j (& ~ f%%W4&, >49
t ~ #j &

(` + y 1/2
3 y
"(d + 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ ~ $

[LSK] "< 7/1 \") 7/1 n 0 9%V 5/1


3 Sd 3 1/1 "(d< 2/1
3
3
When < and 3
\) are suffixed, 6.1.107 "< >F &? and 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
? >?& are L%,
respectively. However, 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ is applied because of 9.
(` + < 2/1
3
3
"(d + <3 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ ~ $
"(d< 3
(` + \) 2/3
3
3
"(d + )3 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ ~ $
"(d&

[LSK] 4 9%<3 (stra 7.3.116) ; "(d%< 7/1


3

(` is specifically told in 7.3.116 4 9% % `& ~ $4&.

144
"5 6$%& [. .5

Declension of (` ([- -! 5)
? -(`-f%V- >d>-[*%9% - (W`)!U*-[*%9%
( )!djv >F * "5 6$-\]& *%n-3 $4)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


(` + ) 5 (` + y (` + ) 3
1 (`5 8.2.66 "(d_ 6.4.77 "(d) 3 6.4.77
(`& 8.3.15 "(d& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
S1 same as above same as above same as above
(` + < 3
2 same as above same as above
"(d< 3 6.4.77
(` + % (` + %< 3 (` + "p) 3
3
"(d% 6.4.77 (`%< 3 (`"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
(` + 4 (` + ) 3
4 same as above
"(d4 6.4.77 (`& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
(` + ")5
5 same as above same as above
"(d& 6.4.77
(` + u) 3 (` + O< 3
6 same as above
"(dj& 6.4.77 "(d%< 3 6.4.77
(` + " (` + ) 3
7 (` + O< 3 7.3.116 same as above (`1 8.3.59
"(d%< 3 6.4.77
The rest (when Q#%"W Ld follows) declines like `.

When 3
%"W-Ld follows, $ becomes "(d (Sd 3 takes place) by:

6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ ~ $


Being *%n-3 $, d by
3 6.4.82 9(* ? does not take place.
4 %nj)!djv >F

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[-*%9% - "5 6$& (6) )c`, d>H`

? in 6.4.82 9(*
W*t is done for the word )!djv >F ? .
4 %nj)!djv >F
? 6/1 "*< 03 ? )"cd_ 1/2 d>"Hd_ 1/2
[LSK] )!djv >F
? is stated?
Why )!djv >F
In both the cases of )c` and d>H`, [ is )!djv >F ,? preceded by )!djv, thus 6.4.82

? does not apply. Instead, Sd 3 by 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ is


4 %nj)!djv >F
9(*

applied.

) cd"V S"V )c`& One who nicely takes recourse to something is called )c`.
3
) + "c (1U) to resort to + " 3 (h- 2.58) ""nLC%dV*L c`%! W`T) )%9! n
)c` (h- 2.58) ""nLC%dV*L c`%! W`T) )%9! n

3
d>%( H`%"V S"V d>H`& The buyer of barley is called d>H`.
3
d> + 2H` D"("><d4 (9U) to buy + " 3 3 ~ f%Vj& *t V 3
3.2.76 " n
d>H`

)c` + y
3 y
)"cd + 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_
)"cd_

146
"5 6$%& [. .5

When %"WLd follows there is Sd-3 OW4\ by 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_, just
3
like (`. The only difference between )c`/d>H` and (` is when " 7/1 follows, O< does not
come because 7.3.116 4 9% % `& is not applicable.

Declension of )c` and d>H` ([- -! 6)


? -S>%? -f%V- >d>-[*%9% - (W`)!U*9-[*%9%
()!djv >F * 4 %n-3 $4)
"5 6$-\]& (*

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 )c`& )"cd_ 6.4.77 )"cd& 6.4.77

S1 same as above same as above same as above

2 )"cd< 3 6.4.77 same as above same as above

3 )"cd% 6.4.77 )c`%< 3 )c`"p&

4 )"cd4 6.4.77 same as above )c`&

5 )"cd& 6.4.77 same as above same as above

6 same as above )"cdj& 6.4.77 )"cd%< 3 6.4.77

7 )"c"d 6.4.77 same as above )c`1

d>H` declines in exactly the same manner.

When 3
%"W-Ld follows, $ becomes )"cd (Sd 3 takes place) by:

6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ ~ $


3 6.4.82 9(*
Because of )!djv >F -? S>?, d by ? does not take place.
4 %nj)!djv >F

9
Even though when )c` is a ab `"Q-)<%) with a feminine word c`, as \jp(% c`& d )& )c`&, (W`-)!U% is
not given because of the negation of (W`-)!U% by 1.4.4 (d4 >%(%>5`. This discussion is seen in
5`"#$ section.

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[-*%9% - "5 6$& (7) \^f`

In the previous section, two similar L%"V "W*s were given as examples because )c` is
3
v"V >F ? W-)<%), and d>H` is *%9* >F ? W-)<%). ) is termed v"V with reference to "c and d> is
*<?-*%9* with reference to H`. 3
3 6.4.82 9(*
If the >F ? W is neither v"V nor *%9*, d by ? is negated by the
4 %nj)!djv >F
next >%"V?*, even when all other conditions meet.
In order to learn this >%"V?*, v"V-)!U% is defined first by the next stra.

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.4.60 v"V ~ L%Wd& "Hd%djv4


Words in L%"W-v, when meaningfully connected to f%V, gain v"V-)!U%.

v"V& 1/1 n 0 ~ L%Wd& 1/3 "Hd%djv4 7/1


2 words in the )FG; 2 words as (>t"|
v"V& 1/1 This is )!U%.
n 0 Because this stra is under "f*%9 of 1.4.1 O*2%9%W4*% )!U%, one entity can have
only one )!U%. This n allows L%"W to have one more )!U%.
L%Wd& 1/3 From 1.4.58 L%Wd&. L%"W-v consists of 22 particles starting from L.
"Hd%djv4 7/1 "Hdd% djv& "Hd%djv& (3T), V"(;3 in )"V)<`. when there is connection
with action (f%V)

[LSK] L%Wd& 1/3 "Hd%djv4 7/1 v"V)!U%& 1/3 & III/3


L etc., when connected to f%V, are termed v"V.

148
"5 6$%& [. .5

3
(>%"V?*<)3 v"V*%9*4 V9 >F ? W d (4V4
3 6.4.82 9(*
d by ? is not desired when the word has >F ? W other than
4 %nj)!djv >F
v"V or *%9*.

3 ( 0 SV4 III/1
v"V-*%9*-SV9- >F ? W 6/1 d 1/1
4 words in the >%"V?*
3
v"V-*%9*-SV9- >F ? W 6/1 v"V& n *%9*! n v"V*%9*4 (ID) v"V*%9*%%< SV9V 3
v"V*%9*4 V9V 3
(5T) v"V*%9*4 V9V 3 >F ? W! d VV v"V*%9*4
3 3
V9 >F ? W< (116B) $<, 3 V.
3
d 1/1 3 \ by 6.4.82 9(*
d-OW4 ? .
4 %nj)!djv >F
( 0 "(14f to d, 3 so that Sd> 3 by 6.4.77 can happen.
SV4 III/1 is desired.

Examples of v"V >F ? W are Lf` (UT) 10 and )c`. Example of *%9* is d>H`, d> being
*<?*%9* toward H`.

[LSK] \^"fd_ 1/2


\^% f`& d )& \^f`& (116B)
\^% + ) 5 + f` + ) 5 4 < W%0 ~ )<%)&
2.2.24 (*
L%"V "W*)!U% by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*< 3
\^% + f` 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ~ * 3
\^ + f` 6.3.34 "{Gd%& >! W 3 p%"1V ! %W(F 3 )<%(%"f*94 "{Gd%< 9F `"Ld%"W1 ~ h|9 W4
\^f`
(W`-)!U% is not given by "(14f-)FG 1.4.4 (d4 >%(%>{G` since \^f` takes Sd-3 OW4\.
This will be studied later.
In this word, >F ? W is \^%, which is v"V-*%9*-SV9, other than v"V or *%9*. Because of
this, in declension of this word, when 3 6.4.82 9(*
%"WLd follows, d by ? is
4 %nj)!djv >F
L% but negated by this >%"V?*. Instead, Sd 3 is the substitute by 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_
.

10
L of Lf` as ab `"Q)<%) is v"V-*%9*-SV9, as L is not meaningfully connected to f`. Even in this case d 3
happens because this >%"V?* is not always applied in every case. This is shown by the expression ( SV4.

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\^f` + y 1/2

3 y
\^"fd + ? is L%,
4 %nj)!djv >F
6.4.82 9(*
but negated by (>%"V?*<)3 v"V*%9*4 V9 >F ? W d (3
4 V4
Finally, 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ takes place.
\^"fd_

Declension of \^f` ([- -! 7)


(v"V*%9*4 V9 >F ? W- )!djv >F *
? -S>%? -f%V- >d>-[*%9% - (W`)!U*-[*%9% 4 %n-3 $4)
"5 6$-\]& (*

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 \^f` \^"fd_ 6.4.77 \^"fd& 6.4.77

S1 same as above same as above same as above

2 \^"fd< 3 6.4.77 same as above same as above

3 \^"fd% 6.4.77 \^f`%< 3 \^f`"p&

4 \^"fd4 6.4.77 same as above \^f`&

5 \^"fd& 6.4.77 same as above same as above

6 same as above \^"fdj& 6.4.77 \^"fd%< 3 6.4.77

7 \^"f"d 6.4.77 same as above \^f`1 8.3.59

The declension is exactly the same as for )c` and d>H`.

When 3
%"W-Ld follows, $ becomes \^"fd (Sd 3 takes place) by:

6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ ~ $


3 6.4.82 9(*
Being v"V*%9*4 V9 >F ? W, d by ? is negated
4 %nj)!djv >F
by (>%"V?*<)3 v"V*%9*4 V9 >F ? W d (3
4 V4 .

150
"5 6$%& [. .5

[-*%9% - "5 6$& (8) )f`

)f` is derived from )-h )v? >F * 3


? -x-f%V with " -Ld, just like Lf`.
) %dV`"V )f`& One who meditates well is called )f`.
3
) + x "n %d%< (1P) to contemplate
) + % 6.1.45 OW4n h W4\4 "\"V
) + % + " 3 (>%-) %dV4& )!L)%9! n
) + "f O + > 3 (>%-) %dV4& )!L)%9! n
) + "f + > 3 ? <3
6.1.108 )!L)%9% ~ >F
) + f` + > 3 6.4.2 Q#& ~ W`T&?
)f` 6.1.67 >49
t ~ #j &
L%"V "W*-)!U% by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*<. 3

Declension of )f` ([- -! 8)


()f`-\]&)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 )f` )"fd_ 6.4.77 )"fd& 6.4.77

S1 same as above same as above same as above

2 )"fd< 3 6.4.77 same as above same as above

3 )"fd% 6.4.77 )f`%< 3 )f`"p&

4 )"fd4 6.4.77 same as above )f`&

5 )"fd& 6.4.77 same as above same as above

6 same as above )"fdj& 6.4.77 )"fd%< 3 6.4.77

7 )"f"d 6.4.77 same as above )f`1 8.3.59

The declension is exactly the same as for )c` and d>H`.

When 3
%"W-Ld follows, $ becomes )"fd (Sd 3 takes place) by:

6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ ~ $


3 6.4.82 9(*
Being )f`-\], d by ? is negated by 6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj&
4 %nj)!djv >F

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3 this particular L%"V "W* )f`. By this, Sd 3 by 6.4.77 "n


The next stra negates d for
f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ is the substitute when %"WLd follows.

["(14f)FG<]3 3 "
6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj& ~ d ) "n
3 prohibited for pF and )f`.
d is

3 )"
( 0 pF-)"fdj& 6/2 ~ d 1/1 7/1

2 words in the )FG; 2 words as (>t"|


3
( 0 This negates d enjoined by 6.4.82 9(* ? and 6.4.83 u& )" .
4 %nj)!djv >F
pF-)"fdj& 6/2 pF& n )f`& n pF)"fd_ (ID), Vdj&; of the two L%"V "W*s.
3
d 1/1 From 6.4.81 Sj d.3
)" 7/1 From 6.4.83 u& )" . L%"V "W* is ) ; 3 in 9)<`.
"n 7/1 From 6.4.77. Since "n is adjective to )" , VW%"W">"f is applied, resulting in:
3
%W_ ) -Ld4
.

[LSK] Vdj& 6/2 "n 7/1 )" 7/1 3 (0


d 1/1
3
d does 3
not take place for these (pF and )f`) when vowel-beginning ) follows.
[LSK] )"fd_ 1/2
)f` + y
3 y
)"fd + ? is L%, but negated by 6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj& .
4 %nj)!djv >F
6.4.82 9(*
Finally Sd 3 takes place by 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_
[LSK] )"fd& 1/3 S%"W 1/1

152
"5 6$%& [. .5

[-*%9% - "5 6$& (9) )Y`, )V`

)Y` is derived from (%<f%V, a f%V derived from a noun.


3
[LSK] )Y< S"V S"V )Y`&
One who wants happiness is called )Y`.
3 n 3
)Y + < + 3.1.8 ) O (& n3
)Y + n 3 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ~ * 3
)Y` + d 7.4.33 "n n ~ [
f%V)!U% by 3.1.32 )(% % f%V>&

)Y`d + " 3 3
3.2.76 " n
3 >3
)Y`d + 6.4.48 Vj #j & ~ Of?f%V*4
)Y` + > 3 6.1.66 #j j j>?"#
)Y` 6.1.67 >49
t
L%"V "W*-)!U% by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*<. 3
3
In the same manner, )V` is derived. )V< S"V S"V )V`&.
3
[ is f%V- >d>-[, and it does not get (W`-)!U% since there is no "()G`"#$. Thus, it
declines like Lf` (UT) except for 5/1 and 6/1 because of 6.1.112 %V 3 9 ~ hV. 3
[LSK] )Y`& 1/1 )V`& 1/1 )_ 1/2 )_ 1/2 )& 5/1 )& 5/1 \41< 1/1
3 Lf`>V 03

)Y` + y 1/2
3 y
) + ?
4 %nj)!djv >F
6.4.82 9(*
)_

)Y` + ")5 5/1


3
) + )3 ?
4 %nj)!djv >F
6.4.82 9(*
3 h) 3
) + 6.1.112 %V 3 9 hV 3
3 \ by 6.4.82 9(*
After applying d-OW4 3 preceding the d-OW4
? , Y is
4 %nj)!djv >F 3 \. Thus,
3
when ")5 and ) are following, h-OW4\ takes place in the place of .
)) 3
)&

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Declension of )Y` ([- -! 9)


? -f%V- >d>-[*%9% - (W`)!U*-[*%9%
( )!djv >F * 4 %n-3 $4 n)
? )<%)4 (*
"5 6$-\]& v"V- >F *

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


)Y` + ) 5 )Y` + y )Y` + ) 3
1 )Y`5 8.2.66 )_ 6.4.82 )) 3 6.4.82
)Y`& 8.3.15 )& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
S1 same as above same as above same as above
)Y` + < 3 )Y` + \) 3
2 )< 3 6.4.82 same as above )) 3 6.4.82
)& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
)Y` + % )Y` + %< 3 )Y` + "p) 3
3
)% 6.4.82 )Y`%< 3 )Y`"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
)Y` + 4 )Y` + ) 3
4 same as above
)4 6.4.82 )Y`& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
)Y` + ")5
) +3 ) 3 6.4.82
5 same as above same as above
) + 3 h) 3 6.1.112
)&
)Y` + u) 3 )Y` + O< 3
6 same as above
)j& 6.4.82 )%< 3 6.4.82
)Y` + " )Y` + ) 3
7 same as above
)" 6.4.82 )Y`1 8.3.59

When 3
%"W-Ld follows, $ becomes ) (d 3
takes place) by:
4 %nj)!djv >F
6.4.82 9(* 3
? ~ $ d f%Vj& "n
3
When ")5 and ) follows, the becomes h by
3 "QV%d%< 3
6.1.112 % 9 ~ hV )!

Note that (>%-) v"V*%9*4 V9 >F ? W d (3 SV4 does not apply because )Y` and )V` are
not )<%).

154
"5 6$%& h. .5

Now, h-ending masculine starts.


There are two types of h-ending masculine L%"V "W*s taught in #T")^% *_<W`.
1. \i ("T-)!U*-\]&) declines like Q"9
3
2. Hjk, a special word which declines like Vtn-ending words in some places.

h-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) \i

[LSK] \i& 1/1 Q"9>V 03


\i is like Q"9.
Short h-ending word gains "T-)!U% by 1.4.7 \41j $)"Y

Declension of \i (h- -! 1)
"T-)!U*-h*%9% - "5 6$-\]&

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


\i& 8.3.22, 8.3.15 \iF 6.1.102 \i>& 7.3.109, 6.1.78
1
8.2.66, 8.3.15
S1 \ij 7.3.108, 6.1.69 same as above same as above

2 \i< 3 6.1.107 same as above \iF( 3 6.1.102, 6.1.103

3 \i(% 7.3.120 \i%< 3 \i"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

4 \i>4 7.3.111, 6.1.78 same as above \i& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

\ij& 7.3.111, 6.1.110


5 same as above same as above
8.2.66, 8.3.15
6 same as above \Ej& 6.1.77, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 \iF(%< 3 7.1.54, 6.4.3

7 \i_ 7.3.119, 6.1.88 same as above \i1 8.3.59

The declension is exactly the same as for Q"9.

[LSK] >< 03 p%(-OWd& 1/3


In the same manner, p%(, etc., also decline like Q"9.

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

h-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) Hjk

Hjk is the second h*%9% "5 6$ word which means jackal. This word is treated as a
3
Vtn-ending 3
word in some places by the next stra. Stras required for declining Vtn-ending
words are studied in this section.

[ "VW4\)FG<]3 7.1.95 VtFGjk& ~ )}^_ )>?(%<%(4


3
The word Hjk is treated like the Vtn-ending word, Hjkt, when )>?(%<%( other than
)}"^ follows. 7
1
Hjk )>?(%<%( not )}"^

3
Hjkt (Vtn-ending)

VtFV 03 Hjk& 1/1 ~ )}^_ 7/1 )>?(%<%( 4 7/1


2 words in the )FG; 2 words as (>t"|
3 VtFV 03 , the same as Vtn. 3 Because of ( -) LdQ4 VW Q< ,
VtFV 03 Vtn% 3/1 V< 1/1 3
3
Vtn-ending is understood.
Hjk& 1/1 This is the subject of this )FG. Together with VtFV, 3 the sentence is Hjk is like,
3
same as a Vtn-ending word.
)}^_ 7/1 ( )}"^& )}"^& (NT), V"(3 This is adjective to )>?(%<%( 4.
)>?(%<%( 4 7/1 In 9)<`.

[LSK] )}^_ 7/1 )>?(%<%( 4 7/1 94 7/1 Hjk-\] 6/1 %( 4 7/1 Hjkt\]& 1/1 Ldj& 1/1 S0&? 1/1
When )>?(%<%( other than )}"^ follows, in the place of Hjk, Hjkt should be applied.
This is the meaning.
This process of becoming like Vt is commonly called VtF%>.

Hjk + ) 5 1/1
Hjkt + ) 3 7.1.95 VtFGjk& ~ )}^_ )>?(%<%( 4
Operation continues

156
"5 6$%& h. .5

[">"f)FG<]3 7.3.110 sVj ")>?(%<%(dj& ~ $ v&


Short s-ending $ takes v when )>?(%<%( or " follows.

6 7
$ sV 3 "/)>?(%<%(

1
v

sV& 6/1 "-)>?(%<%(dj& 7/1 ~ $ 6/1 v& 1/1


2 words in the )FG; 2 words as (>t"|
sV& 6/1 L%"V "W* is sV. 3 The V 9*9 is for *%#"(d<, thus only short s is intended. This
is adjective to $, thus VW ">"f is applied, making sW $.
"-)>?(%<%(dj& 7/1 "& n )>?(%<%(! n "-)>?(%<%( 4 (ID), Vdj& In 9)<`.
$ 6/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $, in %( 4djv% 1`.
v& 1/1 This is OW4\. With the help of 1.1.52 #j, the last s*%9 is to be
replaced. By 1.1.50 %(4 9V<& and 1.1.51 h9H 9&, the v substitute will be 9.3

[LSK] sV& 6/1 $ 6/1 v& 1/1 _ 7/1 )>?(%<%( 4 7/1 n 0 S"V 0 L%4 7/1
v is the substitute in the place of the last letter of short s-ending $ when " or
)>?(%<%( follows. When this is applicable (to be continued)

Hjk + ) 5 1/1
Hjkt + ) 3 7.1.95 VtFGjk& ~ )}^_ )>?(%<%( 4
Here, 7.3.110 sVj ")>?(%<%(dj& ~ $ v& is L%, but the next stra is >%W for
this stra.

157
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.94 s&\(W!)j(4Q)%! n ~ ( 3 )_ )}^_


In 1/1, ( 3 replaces the last letter of sW - $, and h\(), 3 W!)), 3 and (Q4 ), 3 when ) 5
but not )}"^ follows.
6 7
$ sV 3 ) 5 not )}"^

1
( 3

6 7
h\()/3 W!))/3 (Q4 ) 3 ) 5 not )}"^

1
( 3

s&\(W!)j(Q4 )%< 6/3


3 n 0 ~ ( 3 1/1 )_ 7/1 )}^_ 7/1

2 words in the )FG; 2 words as (>t"|


3
s&\(W!)j(Q4 )%< 6/3 3
This word is SV94V9)<%) consisting of four words: sV (short s),
3 H%n%d?), W!)) (cat),
h\() (\ 3 3
and (Q4 ) (time). In %(d4 jv% 1`.
n 0 This connects to the entire context of the previous stra, 7.1.93 ( 3 )_ ~ )}^x
)>?(%<%( 4.
( 3 1/1 This is OW4\. Being "V, 3 only the last letter is replaced by 1.1.53 " ~
#j.
)_ 7/1 L%"V "W* is ),5 in 9)<`.
)}^_ 7/1 ( )}"^& )}"^& (NT), V"(3 This is adjective to )_.

[LSK] sW %(%< 6/3


3 h\()%W`(%< 6/3
3 n 0 ( 3 1/1 %V III/1
3 )}^_ 7/1 )_ 7/1
( 3 is the substitute in the place of the last letter of s-ending $, or words such as
h\), 3 when ) 5 but not )}"^ follows.

Hjk + ) 5 1/1
Hjkt + ) 3 7.1.95 VtFGjk& ~ )}^_ )>?(%<%( 4
3 )3
Hjk 3 ( + 7.1.94 s&\(W!)j(Q4 )%! n ~ ( 3 )_ )}^_, with the help of 1.1.53 "
Operation continues

158
"5 6$%& h. .5

[">"f)FG<]3 6.4.11 t It o)t(t( 4ktkt|tQjVt jVtL\%%< 3 ~ h f%d%& W`T?&

)}^_ )>?(%<%(4
h f%-W`T ? takes place for these words when )>?(%< other than )}"^ follows.

6 7
)>?(%<%( not
3
3 (-ending/Vt
/Vt 3
n-ending, etc. h f%
)}"^

1
W`T ?

3 n-o)t
3 (-Vt
-Vt 3 -(t-(k4 t -kt-|t-QjVt- jVt-L\%%< 6/3
3 ~ h f%d%& 6/1 W`T&? 1/1 )}^_ 7/1 )>?(%<%( 4
7/1

1 word in the )FG; 4 words as (>t"|


-Vt 3 n-o)t
3 (-Vt 3 3
-(t-(k4 t -kt-|t-QjVt- jVt-L\%%< 6/3 This word is SV94V9)<%) consisting of
eleven words: 3
(water), 3 V-Ld),
Vt( (*t 3 3 V-Ld),
Vtn (*t 3 o)t (sister), (t (grandson),(k4 t (a
type of priest), kt (architect), |t (charioteer), QjVt (priest of Jgveda), jVt (a type of
priest), and L\%t (a type of priest). As for Ld, with "9p%1% LdQ4 VW Q<,3 Vt(-3
and Vtn-3 are understood; in )}1` to h f%d%&.
h f%d%& 6/1 In %(d4 jv% 1`.
W`T&? 1/1 This is OW4\. Which W`T ? letter should be used is decided by 1.1.50
%(4 9V<& as the closest to %"((. 3
)}^_ 7/1 ( )}"^& )}"^& (NT), V"(3 This is adjective to )>?(%<%( 4.
)>?(%<%( 4 7/1 In 9)<`.

[LSK] a%W`(%< 6/3


3 h f%d%& 6/1 W`T&? 1/1 %V III/1
3 )}^_ 7/1 )>?(%<%( 4 7/1
W`T ? is the substitute for the penultimate letter of , etc., when )>?(%<%( other than
)}"^ follows.

159
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[LSK] Hjk% 1/1


Hjk + ) 5 1/1
Hjkt + ) 3 7.1.95 VtFGjk& ~ )}^_ )>?(%<%( 4
3 )3
Hjk 3 ( + 7.1.94 s&\(W!)j(Q4 )%! n ~ ( 3 )_ )}^_, with the help of 1.1.53 "
3 ) 3 6.4.11 t It o)t(t(k4 t kt|tQjVt jVtL\%%< 3 ~ h f%d%& W`T&? )}^_ )>?(%<%( 4
Hjk 3 O( +
Hjk 3 O( 3 3 "V
6.1.68 Q%j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ~ #j &
Hjk 3 O 8.2.7 (#j & L%"V "W*%
Hjk%

[LSK] Hjk%9_ 1/2


Hjkt + y 7.1.95 VtFGjk& ~ )}^_ )>?(%<%( 4
Hjk 3 9 3+ y 7.3.110 sVj ")>?(%<%(dj& ~ $ v&, with the help of 1.1.61 h9 93 9&
Hjk 3 O9 3+ y 6.4.11 t It o)t(t(k4 t kt|tQjVt jVtL\%%< 3 ~ h f%d%& W`T&? )}^_ )>?(%<%( 4
Hjk%9_
[LSK] Hjk%9& 1/3
In the same manner as above.

3
[LSK] HjkF( 2/3
Since )>?(%<%( is over, VtF%> by 7.1.95 VtFGjk& ~ )}^_ )>?(%<%( 4 does not
happen anymore.
Hjk + \) 2/3
3

HjkF) 3 ? >?& ~ W`T&? *& >F ? 9dj& )!"QV%d%< 3


6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
HjkF( 3 6.1.103 V%)j (& "! )

160
"5 6$%& h. .5

[">"f)FG<]3 3 &
7.1.97 ">p%1% VtV`d%"W"n ~ VtFV Hjk
3
VtF%> of the word Hjk is optional when n-beginning suffix in 3rd case onward
follows.
1
3rd case onward 7
Hjk n3

Optional
3
Hjkt (Vtn-ending)

">p%1% 1/1 VtV`d%"W1 7/3 "n 7/1 ~ VtFV 03 Hjk& 1/1


3 words in the )FG; 2 words as (>t"|
">p%1% 1/1 VtF%> is optional.
3
VtV`d%"W1 7/3 VtV`d% O"W& d41%! V4 VtV`d%Wd& (116B), V41 , indicating ) -Ld starting from %
up to ) , 3 in 9)<`.
"n 7/1 This is adjective to VtV`d%"W1, thus VW%"W">"f is applied to result in %"W1
VtV`d%"W1.
VtFV 03 From 7.1.95 VtFGjk&
Hjk& 1/1 From 7.1.95 VtFGjk&

[LSK] %"W1 7/3 VtV`d%"W1 7/3 Hjk& 1/1 >% 0 VtFV 03


3
VtF%> for the word Hjk is optional when n-beginning 3
) -Ld starting from 3rd
case.
[LSK] HjK% 3/1 HjK4 4/1
Hjk + % 3/1
Hjkt + O 3 &
Optional VtF%> by 7.1.97 ">p%1% VtV`d%"W"n ~ VtFV Hjk
HjK% 6.1.77 S*j d"n ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
In the other option, Hjk(%, etc. Being h*%9% - "5 6$, Hjk gains "T-)!U% by 1.4.7 \41j
$)"Y.
Hjk + % 3/1
Hjk + (% 7.3.120 Oj (%"{Gd%< 3 ~ T4&
Hjk(%

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

3
When ")5 and ) are suffixed, the next stra is required.

[">"f)FG<]3 6.1.111 sV hV 3 ~ ")5)j& "V >F ? 9dj& *& )!"QV%d%< 3


s and 3
of ")5 and ) are replaced by single letter h.

5 7
sV 3 V3 of ")5/) 3

1
h

sV& 5/1 hV 1/1


3 ~ ")5)j& 6/2 "V 7/1 >F ? 9dj& 6/2 *& 1/1 )!"QV%d%< 7/1
3

2 words in the )FG; 5 words as (>t"|


sV& 5/1 This V 9*9 is for *%#"(d<. Short s in >F ? <`.
3
hV 1/1 This is OW4\. The V 9*9 is just for clarity, since it is ">f`d<%(, it cannot
represent its )>?.
3 ")5)_ (ID), Vdj&, in )}1` to "V.
")5)j& 6/2 ")5: n ) n
"V 7/1 Short in 9)<`; with ")5)j&, the meaning is: short of ")5: and ).3
>F ? 9dj& 6/2 In the place of >F ? and 9; in %(d4 jv1`.
*& 1/1 In the place of two, one substitute.
3
)!"QV%d%< 7/1 In the topic of sandhi; in ">1d)<`.

[LSK] sV& 5/1 ")5)j& 6/2 "V 7/1 hV 1/1


3 *%W4\& 1/1

After sV, 3 when V of


3 ")5 and ) follows,
3 h is the one substitute for >F ? and 9.
[LSK] 9 9& 1/1
Since s becomes h, one of , 3 1.1.51 h9 93 9& is applied.
Hjk + ")5
Hjkt + ) 3 3 &
Optional VtF%> by 7.1.97 ">p%1% VtV`d%"W"n ~ VtFV Hjk
Hjk 3 h ) 3 6.1.111 sV hV 3 ~ ")5)j& "V >F ? 9dj& *& )!"QV%d%< 3
Hjk 3 h9 3) 3 1.1.51 h9 93 9&
Now 8.2.23 )!djv% #j & is applicable. Then the next stra gives "(d< for that.

162
"5 6$%& h. .5

["(d<)FG<]3 3
8.2.24 9%V ) ~ )!djv% #j &
When applying 8.2.23 )!djv% #j & to a consonant after 94, it should be only ). 3

6
W 94 )3

1
#j

9%V 5/1
3 ) 6/1 ~ )!djv% 6/1 #j & 1/1

2 words in the )FG; 2 words as (>t"|


3
9%V 5/1 L%"V "W* 9, in >F ? <`; after 94.
) 6/1 3 for h%9. In %(d4 jv% 1`.
after ) is
)!djv% 6/1 )!djv& 3 djv% < (116B),
& d VV )! 3 V; this is an adjective to W;
in )}1`. )!djv& is a )!U% given to a group of conjunct consonants defined as 1.1.7
Q#j( 9%& )!djv&
#j & 1/1 This is OW4\&. #j & is a )!U% defined as 1.1.60 W\?( ! #j &

[LSK] 94%V 5/1


3 )!djv% 6/1 ) 6/1 > 0 #j & 1/1 ( 0 6/1
3 elided. Any other letter is not elided.
After 94, only ) is

This stra is considered to be "(d<)FG by the definition: ")^4 7/1 )"V 7/1 O9i& 1/1
"(d<%0&? 1/1 . Without this stra, ) after
3 94 can be elided by 8.2.23 )!djv% #j &. P ini
3
started the subsequent stra 8.2.24 9%V ) which would become redundant if it were not
taken as "(d<)FG. The purpose of "(d<)FG is to exclude everything other than what is
specified in the stra. In this case, after 94, any letters other than )*%9 are excluded from
being the subject for 8.2.23 )!djv% #j &.

[LSK] 94 6/1 ">)v?& 1/1 Hjk& 5/1, 6/1


Hjk 3 h ) 3 6.1.111 sV hV 3 ~ ")5)j& "V >F ? 9dj& *& )!"QV%d%< 3
Hjk 3 h9 3) 3 1.1.51 h9 93 9&
Hjk 3 h9 3 3
8.2.24 9%V ) ~ )!djv% #j &
Hjk& 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d& ~ W

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[LSK] HjKj& 6/2


Hjk + u) 3
Hjkt + u) 3 3 &
Optional VtF%> by 7.1.97 ">p%1% VtV`d%"W"n ~ VtFV Hjk
Hjk 3 9 3+ u) 3 6.1.77 S*j d"n ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
HjKj& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

Hjk + O< 3
Now, when O< 6/1
3 follows, ">L"V14f between 7.1.97 ">p%1% VtV`d%"W"n ~ VtFV Hjk
3 & and

7.1.54 o(% j ( 3 is observed. By 1.4.2 ">L"V14f 4 9! *%d?<,3 the *%d? of 9)FG, 7.1.97 ">p%1%
VtV`d%"W"n should be taken.
However, the next >%"V?* gives >F "? >L"V14f, by which >F *
? %d? is to be taken in ">L"V14f.

(>%"V?*<)3 (<"n9VtF%>4j ( 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4


( 3 takes precedence over (<, 3 "n9, and VtF%>.

(<-3 "n9-VtF%>4& 5/3 ( 1/1


3 >F -? ">L"V14f(4 3/1
3 words in the >%"V?*
(<-3 "n9-VtF%>4& 5/3 In ">p4 (different from, other than) <` connected to *%d?<. 3
(< 3 (<-Ov<
3 3
taught by stras from 7.1.58 S"WVj (< f%Vj& to 7.1.83.
"n9 94%W4\ taught by 7.2.100 "n 9 sV&
3 Hjk-\] taught by stra from 7.1.95 VtFV Hjk
VtF%> "VW4\ of Vtn for 3 & to 7.1.97.

Notice that all these stras are 9 to stras enjoining ( 3.


( 3 1/1 This is the *%d?, to be done. ( 3-Ov< is taught from 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3 to 7.1.57.
>F -? ">L"V14f(4 3/1 In Q4V_ VtV`d%. This is the reason for ( 3-Ov< to take precedence.
Because of >F "? >L"V14f

How will >%"V?**%9 justify >F "? >L"V14f, which is against )FG*%9s >% - 1.4.2 ">L"V14f 4 9!
3 By applying >F
*%d?<? ? )", this stra can be read as: ">L"V14f4 9! *%d?<.3 Instead of 9<, 3
3 other words >F <
9< (in ? )3 can be understood.

164
"5 6$%& h. .5

[LSK] HjkF(%< 3 6/3


Hjk + O< 3
Hjk + (%< 3 3 & is applicable,
Even though 7.1.97 ">p%1% VtV`d%"W"n ~ VtFV Hjk
7.1.54 o(% j ( 3 by (>%"V?*<)3 (<"n9VtF%>4j ( 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4
HjkF + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ~ n& $ W`T&?

[LSK] Hjk"9 7/1


Hjk + "
Hjkt + S 3 &
7.1.97 ">p%1% VtV`d%"W"n ~ VtFV Hjk
Hjk9 3+ S 7.3.110 sVj ")>?(%<%(dj& ~ $ v&

[LSK] 4 7/1 Q#%W_ 7/1 n 0 \i>V 03


When VtF%> is not taken, and also when Q#%"W-Ld follows, it declines like \i.

165
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

Declension of Hjk (h- -! 2)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


Hjk% 7.1.94, 6.4.11, Hjk%9_ 7.3.110, 6.4.11 Hjk%9& 7.3.110, 6.4.11
1
6.1.68, 8.2.7
S1 Hjkj 7.3.108, 6.1.69 same as above same as above

2 Hjk%9< 3 7.3.110, 6.4.11 same as above HjkF( 3 6.1.102, 6.1.103

HjK%/ 6.1.77 Hjk%< 3 Hjk"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15


3
Hjk(% 7.3.120
HjK4/ Hjk& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
4 same as above
Hjk>4 7.3.111, 6.1.78
Hjk&/
5 Hjkj& 7.3.111, 6.1.110 same as above same as above
8.2.66, 8.3.15
HjKj&/ HjkF(%< 3 7.1.54, 6.4.3
6 same as above
HjLj& 6.1.77, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Hjk"9/ Hjk1 8.3.59
7 same as above
Hjk_ 7.3.119, 6.1.88

When )>?(%<%( )}"^ follows,

L%"V "W* gains VtF%> by 7.1.95 VtFGjk& ~ )}^_ )>?(%<%( 4

3
and declines like a Vtn-ending word

When %"W-VtV`d%"W follows,

3 &
L%"V "W* optionally gains VtF%> by 7.1.97 ">p%1% VtV`d%"W"n ~ VtFV Hjk

3
and declines like a Vtn-ending word.

The other option is like \i with "T-)!U%

3
When O< follows,

by (>%"V?*<)3 (<"n9VtF%>4j ( 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4 , it declines like \i only.

In any other place,

it declines like \i only.

166
"5 6$%& l. .5

Now the section of l*%9% "5 6$ starts.


There are seven types of l*%9% "5 6$\]s. Like [*%9% "5 6$ words, they can be
categorized by certain aspects.

Summary of l*%9% "5 6$\]s taught in #T")^% *_<W`

# L%"V "W*< 3 (W`- ending >F ? W< 3 ">14\&


)!U*< 3

1 mm No - - -\]&

2 "Vn<F Yes - - -

3 Y# F No f%V- >d>-l*%9% < 3 *%9*< 3 -

) No f%V- >d>-l*%9% < 3 v"V& -

4 opF No f%V- >d>-l*%9% < 3 - pF- \]&

5 >1%?p F No f%V- >d>-l*%9% < 3 - >1%?p-F \]&

6 qrF No f%V- >d>-l*%9% < 3 3


q(,*9, (& 3
q(-*9- ? -pF\]&
(&- >F *

4 %n-3 $ and )!djv >F ? are criteria for 6.4.83 u& )" , a counter-
Even though (*
example being not seen in #T")^% *_<W`, these categories are omitted in this chart.

167
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

l-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) mm

[LSK] mm& 1/1


mm is a name of v>?. Because this word is not a derived word, -\], there are
no particular stras for its declension.
? >?W`T ? and its "(14f, 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n and
>F ) >%W, 6.1.107 "< >F &? are as usual.
Other than that, when any 3 S*j d"n takes place.
%"WLd follows, d by
[LSK] m9_ 1/2 m9& 1/3 mm< 2/1
3 S%"W 1/1

Declension of mm (l- -! 1)
( -\]&)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


mm + ) 5 mm + y mm + ) 3
mm5 8.2.66 6.1.102 is L%, but negated by 6.1.102 is L%, but negated
1 mm& 8.3.15 6.1.105. by 6.1.105.
m9_ 6.1.77 m9) 3 6.1.77
m9& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
S1 same as above same as above same as above
mm + < 3 mm + \) 3
2 mm< 3 6.1.107 same as above mm) 3 6.1.102
mm( 3 6.1.103
mm + % mm + %< 3 mm + "p) 3
3
m9% 6.1.77 mm%< 3 mm"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
mm + 4 mm + ) 3
4 same as above
m94 6.1.77 mm& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
mm + ")5
5 same as above same as above
m9& 6.1.77
mm + u) 3 mm + O< 3
6 same as above
m9j& 6.1.77 m9%< 3 6.1.77
mm + " mm + ) 3
7 same as above
m"9 6.1.77 mm1 8.3.59

168
"5 6$%& l. .5

l-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) "Vn<F

n<F! ()4(%<)3 "VH% & S"V "Vn<F& One who goes beyond (is victorious over) n<F, army.
"V + n<F + < 3 (>%-) %Wd& H% %0 "ZV`dd% ~ V 1& )<%)&
L%"V "W*-)!U% 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*< 3
"V + n<F 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ~ * 3
"Vn<F
n<F is "({G`"#$ word, but is v_ in this )<%). (>%-) L0<"#$Q! n gives (W`-)!U% to
this )<%), even though the )<%) word is masculine.

"Vn<F + ) 5 1/1
"Vn<F& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

[LSK] "Vn<F-\]4 7/1 V 0 (W`*%d?< 1/1


3 (mm\]%V 5/1
3 ) ">\41& 1/1 Q4 0 "Vn< S1/1

In "Vn<F, (W`*%d? is the difference from mm.


"Vn<F + ) 5 S1/1
"Vn< + ) 3 7.3.107 }%0(? j?o&
"Vn< 3 ^4& ~ #j &
6.1.69 3 o%V )}

[LSK] "VnMx 4/1


"Vn<F + 4 4/1
"Vn<F + O 3 7.3.112 O(%& ~ ""V $%V 3
"Vn<F + w 6.1.90 O ~ "n >t"^& *& >F ? 9dj& )!"QV%d%< 3
3 w
"VnM + 6.1.77 S*j d"n ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
[LSK] "VnM%& 5/1, 6/1
"Vn<F + ")5 5/1, 6/1
"Vn<F + O 3 ) 3 7.3.112 O(%& ~ ""V $%V 3
"Vn<F + O) 3 6.1.90 O ~ "n >t"^& *& >F ? 9dj& )!"QV%d%< 3
3 O) 3
"VnM + 6.1.77 S*j d"n ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
"VnM%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

169
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[LSK] "Vn<F(%< 6/3


3

"Vn<F + O< 3
3
"Vn<F + ( O< 3 7.3.112 o(% j ( 3 ~ O<&
"Vn<F + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ~ $ W`T&? n&
"Vn<F(%< 3

Declension of "Vn<F (l- -! 2)


((W`)!U*-l*%9% "5 6$-\]&)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


"Vn<F& 8.2.66, 8.3.15 6.1.102, negated by 6.1.105, 6.1.102, negated by 6.1.105,
1
"VnM_ 6.1.77 "VnM& 6.1.77
"Vn< 7.3.107, 6.1.69
S1 same as above same as above

2 "Vn<F< 3 6.1.107 same as above "Vn<F( 3 6.1.102, 6.1.103

3 "VnM% 6.1.77 "Vn<F%< 3 "Vn<F"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

"VnMx 7.3.112, 6.1.90, "Vn<F& 8.2.66, 8.3.15


4 same as above
6.1.77
"VnM%& 7.3.112, 6.1.90,
5 6.1.77, 8.2.66, same as above same as above
8.3.15
"VnMj& 6.1.77, 8.2.66, "Vn<F(%< 3 7.3.112, 6.4.3
6 same as above
8.3.15
"VnM%< 3 7.3.116, 7.3.112, "Vn<F1 8.3.59
7 6.1.90, 6.1.77 same as above

170
"5 6$%& l. .5

l-*%9% - "5 6$& (3) Y# F

[LSK] Y# &F 1/1


Y#! pF"<! (%"V S"V Y# &F One who cleans the floor is called Y# .F
3
Ending letter l of Y# F is f%V- >d>. Being a " -ending word, Y# F can be both
masculine and feminine, hence this is not a "({G`"#$ word. Thus this is a (W`)!U* word.

3
Y# + < + F 3 >( 4 (9U) to purify + " 3 3.2.76 " n
3

Y# + F + > 3 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ~ * 3


Y# + F 6.1.67 >49
t ~ #j &
L%"V "W*-)!U% by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*<. 3

Y# F + ) 5
Y# &F 8.2.66, 8.3.15
3 "V
Since this word does not end with `, 6.1.68 Q%j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 is not
applicable.

Y# F + y 1/2
Because the $ is ending with f%V- >d>-h>?, and followed by %"W-Ld, 6.4.77

"n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ is L%. The next stra is its >%W.

171
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

4 %nj)!djv >F
Just as 6.4.82 9(* 3 negating Sd 3 for S>?, the next stra
? gives d by
3 negating h> 3 for h>?, with one more condition, )" .
also gives d by

[">"f)FG<]3 6.4.83 u& )" ~ (4*%n& )!djv >F


? 3
$ d f%Vj& "n
3 the OW4\ when h>?-ending f%V is not preceded by conjunct
Instead of Sd,3 d is
consonant (which belongs to the f%V) and $ contains more than one vowel, and when
3
%"W ) -Ld follows.

6 7
$ f%V h>? %"W ) 3

1
d 3

u& 6/1 )" 7/1


4 %n& 6/1 )!djv >F
~ (* ? 6/1 3 f%Vj& 6/1 "n 7/1
$ 6/1 d 1/1
2 words in the )FG; 6 words as (>t"|
u& 6/1 L%"V "W* is h, representing h>?. This is adjective to f%Vj&, thus VW ">"f applies,
resulting in h>? f%Vj&.
)" 7/1 L%"V "W* is ) , 3 indicating 21 nominal suffixes.
4 %nj)!djv% .
The rest is the same as 6.4.82 9(*

[LSK] f%V- >d>-)!djv >F &? 7/1 ( 0 p>"V III/1 d& 7/1 h>?& 7/1, VW & 7/1 d& 7/1 f%V& 7/1, VW 6/1
(* 3 %V III/1
4 %n& 6/1 $ 7/1 d 1/1 3 "n 7/1 )" 7/1

3 the substitute in the place of the last letter of $ which has more than one n, 3
d is
and which ends with f%V ending with h>? which is not preceded by conjunct consonants
which are parts of the f%V, when 3
%"W-) -Ld follows.
[LSK] Y#_ 1/2
Y# F + y
3 y
Y# + 6.4.83 u& )" ~ (* ?
4 %n& )!djv >F 3
$ d f%Vj& "n
With the help of 1.1.52 #j and 1.1.50 %(4 9V<&

[LSK] Y#& 1/3

172
"5 6$%& l. .5

Declension of Y# F (l- -! 3)
? -f%V- >d>-l*%9% - (W`)!U*-l*%9%
( )!djv >F * 4 %n-3 $4)
"5 6$-\]& (*

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


Y# F + ) 5 Y# F + y Y# F + ) 3
1 F5
Y# 8.2.66 Y#_ 6.4.83 Y#) 3 6.4.83
Y# &F 8.3.15 Y#& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
S1 same as above same as above same as above
Y# F + < 3 Y# F + \) 3
2 Y#< 3 6.4.83 same as above Y#) 3 6.4.83
Y#& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Y# F + % Y# F + %< 3 Y# F + "p) 3
3
Y#% 6.4.83 F %< 3
Y# Y# "F p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Y# F + 4 Y# F + ) 3
4 same as above
Y#4 6.4.83 F &
Y# 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Y# F + ")5
5 same as above same as above
Y#& 6.4.83
Y# F + u) 3 Y# F + O< 3
6 same as above
Y#j& 6.4.83 Y#%< 3 6.4.83
Y# F + " Y# F + ) 3
7 same as above
Y#" 6.4.83 Y# 1F 8.3.59
The entire declension is like Lf` (UT).

When 3
%"W-) -Ld 3
follows, $ becomes Y# (d 3
takes place) by:
6.4.83 u& )" ~ (* ?
4 %n& )!djv >F 3
$ d f%Vj& "n

[LSK] >< 03 )-OWd& 1/3


In the same manner, ) etc.11, decline like Y# .F
) (%"V S"V )& One who cuts well.
3 W( 4 (9U) to cut + " 3
) + ;4 3
3.2.76 " n
) 6.1.67 >49
t ~ #j &, 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%

11
3 h6F The h>? of h6F is not f%V- >d>-)!djv- >F .? Thus it declines exactly like ).
hW 3 + + " =

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

l-*%9% - "5 6$& (4) opF

3
From here, L%"V "W*s ending with pF f%V are introduced in order to see "(14f of d by
6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj& and its >%Ws.

[LSK] opF& 1/1


3
o%V p>"V S"V opF& One who is born of himself is opF.
3
o + ")5 + pF )|%d%< (1P) to be + " 3 3
3.2.76 " n
o + pF + > 3 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ~ * 3
o + pF 6.1.67 >49
t ~ #j &
L%"V "W*-)!U% by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*<. 3
opF is ending with f%V- >d>-l*%9, and it is (W`. The only difference from Y# F is
that opF is derived from pF f%V, therefore it is subject to 6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj&.

opF + ) 5
opF& 3 "V
6.1.68 Q%j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 is not applicable. 8.2.66, 8.3.15

[LSK] op>_ 1/2


opF + y 1/2
3 y 1/2 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_
op> +
3 6.1.77 S*j d"n is L%, but negated by >F )
d by ? >?W`T ? by 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
? >?&.
That is negated by 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n . Then h> 3 is L% by 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_,
3 6.4.83 u& )" . Finally, d is
which is negated by d by 3 also negated by 6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj&,

and comes back to h> 3 by 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_.


[LSK] op>& 1/3
In the same manner, whenever %"W Ld follows, h> 3 by 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%!
3 6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj&.
@j"9d>_ because of the negation of d by

174
"5 6$%& l. .5

Declension of opF (l- -! 4)


(pF-f%V- >d>-l*%9% - (W`)!U*-l*%9% 4 %n-3 $4)
"5 6$-\]& (*

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


opF& 8.2.66, 8.3.15 6.1.77, 6.1.102, 6.1.105, 6.1.77, 6.1.102, 6.1.105,
6.4.77, 6.4.83, and 6.4.85 6.4.77, 6.4.83, and 6.4.85
1
negate the preceding one. negate the preceding one.
op>_ 6.4.77 op>& 6.4.77
S1 same as above same as above same as above
6.1.77, 6.1.102, 6.1.107, 6.1.77, 6.1.102, 6.4.77,
6.4.77, 6.4.83, and 6.4.85 6.4.83, and 6.4.85 negate
2 same as above
negate the preceding one. the preceding one.
op>< 3 6.4.77 op>& 6.4.77
3 op>% 6.4.77 opF%< 3 opF"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

4 op>4 6.4.77 same as above opF& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

5 op>& 6.4.77 same as above same as above

6 same as above op>j& 6.4.77 op>%< 3 6.4.77

7 op"> 6.4.77 same as above opF1 8.3.59

When 3
%"W-) -Ld follows, 3rd case onward,
3 6.1.77 S*j d"n, h> 3 by 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_, d by
d by 3 6.4.83 u& )" ,
3 6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj& negate one after another. Finally h> 3 by 6.4.77 "n
and "(14f of d by
f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ takes place.

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

l-*%9% - "5 6$& (5) >1%?p F

This word is special because the next stra is made only for this particular L%"V "W*.

[LSK] >1%?p&F 1/1


>1%?) p>"V S"V >1%?p&F One who is born in the rain is >1%?p.F
3 pF )|%d%< (1P)
>1%? + ) + 3 to be + " 3 3
3.2.76 " n
>1%? + pF + > 3 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ~ * 3
>1%? + pF 6.1.67 >49
t ~ #j &
L%"V "W*-)!U% by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*<. 3
>1%?p F is ending with f%V- >d>-l*%9, and it is (W`.

Declension of >1%?p F (l- -! 5)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 >1%?p&F 8.2.66, 8.3.15 >1%?E_ 6.4.84 >1%?E& 6.4.84

S1 same as above same as above same as above

2 >1%?E< 3 6.4.84 same as above >1%?E& 6.4.84

3 >1%?E% 6.4.84 F %< 3


>1%?p >1%?p"F p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

4 >1%?E 4 6.4.84 same as above F &


>1%?p 8.2.66, 8.3.15

5 >1%?E& 6.4.84 same as above same as above

6 same as above >1%?Ej& 6.4.84 >1%?E%< 3 6.4.84

7 >1%?"E 6.4.84 same as above >1%?p1F 8.3.59

When 3
%"W-) -Ld 3 -OW4
follows, $ becomes >1%?E (d 3 \) by,

6.4.84 >1%?E ~ d 3
3 6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj& is negated by 6.4.84 >1%?E .
"(14f of d by

176
"5 6$%& l. .5

[">"f)FG<]3 6.4.84 >1%?E ~ d 3 "n )"


3
>1%?p F takes d when 3
%"W-) -Ld follows and is not subject to 6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj&.

6 7
>1%?p F %"W ) 3

1
d 3

3
>1%?E& 6/1 n 0 ~ d 1/1 "n 7/1 )" 7/1

2 words in the )FG; 3 words as (>t"|


>1%?E& 6/1 Particularly the word >1%?p,F in %(d4 jv% 1`.
n 0 Connects to the previous stra 6.4.83 u& )" ~ d 3
The rest is the same as 6.4.83 u& )" ~ d. 3

3 %V III/1
[LSK] 6/1 d 1/1 3 "n 7/1 )" 7/1

3 the substitute in the place of the last letter of this (>1%?p F word), when
d is %"W-) -3
Ld follows.
[LSK] >1%?E_ 1/2 S%"W 1/1
>1%?p F + y
3 y
>1%?E + 6.4.84 >1%?E ~ d, 3 with 1.1.52 #j and 1.1.50 %(4 9V<&
3 6.1.77 S*j d"n is L%, but negated by >F )
d by ? >?W`T ? by 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
? >?&.
That is negated by 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n . Then h> 3 is L% by 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_,
3 6.4.83 u& )" . Then d is
which is negated by d by 3 negated by 6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj&. Finally,
3 f is debarred by 6.4.84 >1%?E ~ d. 3
this d-"(14

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

l-*%9% - "5 6$& (6) qrF

[LSK] qrF&
King, thunderbolt, sun, snake.
q( 03 p>V4 III/1 L%Bj"V III/1 S"V qpF& One who gains "Q!)%.

(>%"V?*<)3 q9 (& >F 3


? p>j d >&
3 the substitute in the place of the last letter of qrF, *9pF, and (pF,? when
d is %"W-) -3
Ld follows.

3
q(-*9- 3 >& 1/1
? 6/1 p>& 6/1 d 1/1
(&- >F
4 words in the >%"V?*
3
q(-*9- ? 6/1 q(, 3 *9, (9 3 >F d%V )&
(&- >F 3
3 q(-*9- (&- >F &? (115B), V ; adjective to p>&.
p>& 6/1 L%"V "W* is pF; in %(d4 jv% 1`.
3
d 1/1 This is OW4\.
>& 1/1 That which has to be said. Without this >%"V?*, these words, being ending
3
with pF, would not take d because of 6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj& ~ d. 3

[LSK] qNE_ 1/2


qrF + y
3 y
qNE + (>%"V?*<)3 q9 (& >F 3
? p>j d >&
with 1.1.52 #j and 1.1.50 %(4 9V<&
The entire declension is like >1%?p.F
[LSK] >< 03 *9pF& 1/1
In the same manner, *9pF and (pF ? decline like qrF because of this >%"V?*.

178
"5 6$%& s. .5

Now the declension of s-ending masculine L%"V "W* starts.


There are three types of sW - "5 6$-\]s taught in #T")^% *_<W`. These types are
categorized by the stra causing W`T.?
1. f%Vt 6.4.11 t It o)t(t(k4 t kt|tQjVt jVtL\%%< 3 ~ W`T ? is applicable
2. " Vt 6.4.11 t It o)t(t(k4 t kt|tQjVt jVtL\%%< 3 ~ W`T ? is not applicable
3. (t 6.4.6 (t n ~ W`T ? is applicable

s-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) f%Vt

[LSK] f%V% 1/1


f% + Vtn 3 3 n_
3.1.133 >#-Vt
f%Vt 3
Being a *t W , *t V-Ld-ending word, this is L%"V "W* by
1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% .
3
All the stras required for declension of Vtn-ending words have already been
studied in the section of Hjk-\].
f%Vt + ) 5 1/1
3 )3
f%V 3 ( + 7.1.94 s&\(W!)j(Q4 )%! n ~ ( 3 )_ )}^_, with the help of 1.1.53 "
3
f%V O( 3 ) 3 6.4.11 t It o)t(t(k4 t kt|tQjVt jVtL\%%< 3 ~ h f%d%& W`T&? )}^_ )>?(%<%( 4
+
3
f%V O( 3 3 "V
6.1.68 Q%j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ~ #j &
3
f%V O 8.2.7 (#j & L%"V "W*%
f%V%
[LSK] Q4 f%V& S1/1
f%Vt + ) 5 1/1
f%V 3 9 3+ ) 3 7.3.110 sVj ")>?(%<%(dj& ~ $ v&, with the help of 1.1.51 h9 93 9&
f%V 3 9 3 3 "V
6.1.68 Q%j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ~ #j &
f%V& 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d& ~ W

179
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[LSK] f%V%9_ 1/2


f%Vt + y
f%V 3 9 3+ y 7.3.110 sVj ")>?(%<%(dj& ~ $ v&, with the help of 1.1.51 h9 93 9&
3
f%V O9 3+ y 6.4.11 t It o)t(t(k4 t kt|tQjVt jVtL\%%< 3 ~ h f%d%& W`T&? )}^_ )>?(%<%( 4

f%V%9_
[LSK] f%V%9& 1/3
In the same manner as above.

(>%"V?*<)3 s>%? ! >%:< 3


In the topic of 8.4.1 91%%! (j & )<%( W4, s>? is also "("<| for of (. 3

s>%?V 5/1
3 ( 6/1 < 1/1
3 >%:< 1/1
3

4 words in the >%"V?*


3
s>%?V 5/1 In >F ? <`.
( 6/1 In %(d4 jv% 1`.
3
< 1/1 3 the letter ( is
Substitute for 3 understood by the context.

3
>%:< 1/1 That which has to be said, with reference to 8.4.1 91%%! (j & )<%( W4.

[LSK] f%V%< 6/3


3

f%Vt + O< 6/3


3
3
f%Vt + ( O< 3 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3

f%V + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ~ W`T&?


f%V + %< 3 (>%-) s>%? ! >%:< 3

180
"5 6$%& s. .5

Declension of f%Vt (s- -! 1)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


f%V% 7.1.94, 6.4.11, f%V%9_ 7.3.110, 6.4.11 f%V%9& 7.3.110, 6.4.11
1
6.1.68, 8.2.7
S1 f%V& 7.3.110, 6.1.68 same as above same as above

2 f%V%9< 3 7.3.110, 6.4.11 same as above f%V( 3 6.1.102, 6.1.103

3 f%G% 6.1.77 f%Vt%< 3 f%Vt"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

4 f%G4 6.1.77 same as above f%Vt& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

f%V& 6.1.111, 1.1.51,


5 same as above same as above
8.2.24, 8.3.15
6 same as above f%Gj& 6.1.77 f%V%< 3 7.1.54, 6.4.3, >%-

7 f%V"9 7.3.110 same as above f%Vt1 8.3.59

[LSK] >< 03 (t-OWd& 1/3


In this manner, (t (grandson), etc. decline like f%Vt.
(t-O"W indicates sW - "5 6$-L%"V "W*s which are mentioned in the stra 6.4.11
t It o)t(t(k4 t kt|tQjVt jVtL\%%<.3 There are two types of L%"V "W* in this stra:
3
1) L%"V "W*s ending with Vtn and 3
Vt( which are taught in k%%d`)FG 3.1.133 >tn_ and
3.2.135 Vt(,3 respectively.
3
2) (t, (k4 t , kt, |t, QjVt, jVt, and L\%t. They are not derived with Vtn and 3
Vt( of k%%d`Ld,
3
but with Vtn and 3 h%"WLd12.
Vt( of
In one opinion, L%"V "W*s which are not derived by k%%d`)FG are not considered to
be grammatically derived. This way of looking at derivation is called "| . In
"| , (t etc., have to be mentioned in 6.4.11 because they cannot be counted by the
3
mentioning of Vtn and Vt(. 3
In another opinion, L%"V "W*s which are derived by h%"W)FGs are considered to be
grammatically derived. This way of looking at derivation is called "| . In "| , (t

12
t _ \!")W%"W& )!U%d%! n%"(_. (t, (k4 t , kt, QjVt, and jVt are
|t and L\% are derived by (h-) 2.95 Vt n
derived by (h-) 2.97 (t(k4 t ktQjVt jVt~%Vt %<%Vt<%Vt" Vt&"QVt.

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

3
etc., are included in the mentioning of Vtn and 3 the stra 6.4.11. However, (t etc., are
Vt( in
separately mentioned. This mentioning of (t etc., in 6.4.11 is for "(d<, restricting other
L%"V "W*s which are derived by h%"W)FGs. Otherwise, this mentioning would be redundant.
(")^4 )"V O9<%j "(d<%d)
This is said in the >t"|.
[LSK] (t-O"W-Q< 1/1
3 "| 4 7/1 "(d<%0 ?< 1/1
3

The mentioning of (t etc., in "| is for restricting the application of W`T ? to only
3
(t etc., excluding any other words derived with Vtn and 3 h%"WLd.
Vt( of
This discussion is connected to the next word.

s-*%9% - "5 6$& (2) " Vt

[LSK] V4( 3/1 SQ 0 ( 0 " V% 1/1


Because of that reason, here, in " Vt etc., W`T ? does not happen.
" Vt (father) is derived from (h-) 2.97 (t(k4 t ktQjVt jVt~%Vt %<%Vt<%Vt" Vt&"QVt.

" Vt + ) 5 1/1
3 )3
" V3 (+ 7.1.94 s&\(W!)j(Q4 )%! n ~ ( 3 )_ )}^_, with the help of 1.1.53 "
3
" V O( 3 ) 3 6.4.8 )>?(%<%( 4 n%)}^_ ~ ( h f%d%& W`T&?
+
3
" V O( 3 3 "V
6.1.68 Q%j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ~ #j &
3
" VO 8.2.7 (#j & L%"V "W*%
" V%
Note that instead of 6.4.11 t It o)t(t(k4 t kt|tQjVt jVtL\%%<,3 6.4.8 )>?(%<%( 4
3
n%)}^_ ~ ( h f%d%& W`T&? is applied because of (-ending $.

[LSK] " V9_ 1/2


" Vt + y
" V 3 9 3+ y 7.3.110 sVj ")>?(%<%(dj& ~ $ v&, with the help of 1.1.51 h9 93 9&
[LSK] " V9& 1/3 " V9< 2/1
3 \41< 1/1
3 f%Vt>V 03

In the same manner, there is no h f%-W`T ? in )>?(%<%(. The rest is like f%Vt.

182
"5 6$%& s. .5

Declension of " Vt (s- -! 2)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


" V% 7.1.94, 6.4.8 " V9_ 7.3.110 " V9& 7.3.110
1
6.1.68, 8.2.7
S1 " V& 7.3.110, 6.1.68 same as above same as above

2 " V9< 3 7.3.110 same as above " V( 3 6.1.102, 6.1.103

3 " G% 6.1.77 " Vt%< 3 " Vt"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

4 " G4 6.1.77 same as above " Vt& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

" V& 6.1.111, 1.1.51,


5 same as above same as above
8.2.24, 8.3.15
6 same as above " Gj& 6.1.77 " V%< 3 7.1.54, 6.4.3, >%-

7 " V"9 7.3.110 same as above " Vt1 8.3.59

The difference from f%Vt is in )>?(%<%( other than 1/1 because of the non-
applicability of 6.4.11 t It o)t(t(k4 t kt|tQjVt jVtL\%%<3
[LSK] >< 03 %<Vt-OWd& 1/3
In this manner, %<Vt (son-in-law), p%Vt, etc. decline like " Vt. They are derived by (h-)
2.97 (t-(k4 t -kt-QjVt- jVt-~%Vt- %<%Vt-<%Vt-" Vt-&"QVt.
The words which decline like " Vt are listed in "` :
" V% <%V% ((%<% n )4kt~%Vtd%V9&
%<%V% &"QV% W4>% Vt Ot %! 9"QV% (>
" Vt (father), <%Vt (mother), ((%P (husbands sister), )4kt (charioteer), ~%Vt (brother),
d%Vt (husbands brothers wife), %<%Vt (son-in-law), &"QVt (daughter), W4>t (husbands younger
3
brother) are nine words which are devoid of Vt( and 3
Vtn of k%%d`Ld. Thus there is no
h f%-W`T ? in )>?(%<%( for these words.

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

s-*%9% - "5 6$& (3) (t

[LSK] (% 1/1 (9_ 1/2


(t (person) declines like " Vt, except for 6/3 by the next stra.

[">"f)FG<]3 6.4.6 (t n ~ (%"< W`T?& hpd0%


3
(t is optionally elongated when (%< follows.
6 7
(t (%< 3

1
Optional
W`T ?

(t 6/1 n 0 ~ (%"< 7/1 W`T&? 1/1 hpd0% 0


2 words in the )FG, 3 words as (>t"|
(t 6/1 In %(d4 jv% 1`, which is .
n 0 This connects the context with the previous stra.
3
(%"< 7/1 O< (6/3) with ( 3-Ov<; in 9)<`.
W`T&? 1/1 This is OW4\; from 6.3.111 #j 4 >F
? W`T& .
hpd0% 1/1 From 6.4.5 ;<pd0%. In both manners, which means optionally.

The word W`T ? as OW4\ brings n& 6/1 by 1.2.28 n. Then the entire sentence will be
3 (t, W`T ? is the optional substitute when (%< follows.
understood as in the place of n of 3

[LSK] 6/1 ((t-\] 6/1) (%"< 7/1 >% 0 W`T&? 1/1


3 (t, when (%< follows.
W`T ? is optionally the substitute in the place of n of 3

[LSK] (t%< 6/3


3 (%< 6/3
3

(t + O< 3
3
(t + ( O< 3 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3 ~ O<&
( + (%< 3 6.4.6 (t n ~ $ W`T&? hpd0%
( + %< 3 (>%"V?*<)3 s>%? ! >%:< 3

184
"5 6$%& s. .5

Declension of (t (s- -! 3)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


(% 7.1.94, 6.4.8, (9_ 7.3.110 (9& 7.3.110
1
6.1.68, 8.2.7
S1 (& 7.3.110, 6.1.68 same as above same as above

2 (9< 3 7.3.110 same as above (( 3 6.1.102, 6.1.103

3 Q% 6.1.77 (t%< 3 (t"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

4 Q4 6.1.77 same as above (t& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

(& 6.1.110, 8.2.24,


5 same as above same as above
8.3.15
Qj& 6.1.77 3 %< 3 7.1.54,
(t%</(
6 same as above
6.4.6, >%-
7 ("9 7.3.110 same as above (t1 8.3.59

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u-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) vj

vj (cow) declines in the same manner in both masculine and feminine.

[ "VW4\)FG<]3 7.1.90 vjVj "V 3 ~ )>?(%<%(< 3


After u-ending L%"V "W*, )>?(%<%( is treated like "V. 3

vjV& 5/1 "V 1/1


3 ~ )>?(%<%(< 1/1
3

2 words in the )FG; 1 word as (>t"|


vjV& 5/1 Because of >%"V?* uVj ""W"V >%:<,3 uV& should be understood.
3
"V 1/1 3 understood.
Since this is "VW4\)FG, "ZV is
3
)>?(%<%(< 1/1 3 (%<%( 4, ">p""> "9(%< from 7th case to 1st case
From 7.1.86 SVjV )>?
happens.

[LSK] u*%9%V 5/1


3 ">"QV< 1/1
3 )>?(%<%(< 1/1
3 "ZV 03

)>?(%<%( which is enjoined after u is like "V. 3


Adjective ">"QV to )>?(%<%(< 3 is added in the >t"| to avoid the situation such as:
\i + ) 5 S1/1
\ij + ) 3 7.3.108 o v& ~ )}^_
Without the adjective ">"QV, this ) 5 would have been treated like "V, 3 which is "(k.
[LSK] v_& 1/1 v%>_ 1/2 v%>& 1/3
vj + ) 5 1/1
vj + ) 3 7.1.90 vjVj "V 3 ~ )>?(%<%(< 3
v_ + ) 3 7.2.115 nj ""V ~ >t"^&, with 1.1.52 #j
v_& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
vj + y 1/2
vj + y 7.1.90 vjVj "V 3 ~ )>?(%<%(< 3
v_ + y 7.2.115 nj ""V ~ >t"^&
v%>_ 6.1.78 njd>%d%>&

186
"5 6$%& u. .5

The next stra is >%W to 7.1.90 vjVj "V.3

[">"f)FG<]3 6.1.93 yVj\)j& ~ "n >F ? 9dj& *& )!"QV%d%< 3


3 \), 3 O is the *%W4\.
When u is followed by < or

5 7
u n3 3
of </\) 3

1
O

O 1/1 uV& 5/1 \)j& 6/2 ~ "n 7/1 >F ? 9dj& 6/2 *& 1/1 )!"QV%d%< 7/1
3

3 words in the )FG; 4 words as (>t"|


O 1/1 This is OW4\.
uV& 5/1 L%"V "W* is uV; 3 in >F ? <`. V 9*9 is for *%#"(d<.
3 \) n
\)j& 6/2 < n 3 \)_ (ID), Vdj&; 2/1 and 2/3 ">p"s; in )}4 1` to "n.
"n 7/1 L%Q%9& n; 3 in 9)<`.
>F ? 9dj& 6/2 in %(d4 jv1`. Of >F ? and 9.
*& 1/1 One substitute.
)!"QV%d%< 3 7/1 In the topic of sandhi; in ">1d)<`.

[LSK] uV& 5/1 \)j& 6/2 "n 7/1 O*%9& 1/1 *%W4\& 1/1
3
After u, when n of 3 \) follows,
< or 3 O is the one substitute in the place of the
two, u and n. 3
[LSK] v%< 2/1
3 v%>_ 2/2 v%& 2/3

vj + < 2/1
3
3 O+<3
v+ 6.1.93 yVj\)j& ~ "n >F ? 9dj& *& )!"QV%d%< 3
v%< 3
vj + \) 2/3
3
3 O+)3
v+ 6.1.93 yVj\)j& ~ "n >F ? 9dj& *& )!"QV%d%< 3
v%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

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[LSK] v>% 3/1 v>4 4/1 vj& 5/1, 6/1 S%"W 1/1
vj + % 3/1
3 O
v> + 6.1.78 njd>%d%>&
v>%
vj + 4 4/1
3
v> + 6.1.78 njd>%d%>&
v>%
vj + ")5 5/1
vj) 3 6.1.110 "))j ~ >F &?
vj& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

Declension of vj (u- -! 1)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


v_& 7.1.90, 7.2.115, v%>_ 7.1.90, 7.2.115, v%>& 7.1.90, 7.2.115, 6.1.78,
1
8.2.66, 8.3.15 6.1.78 8.2.66, 8.3.15
S1 same as above same as above same as above

2 v%< 3 6.1.93 same as above v%& 6.1.93, 8.2.66, 8.3.15

3 v>% 6.1.78 vj%< 3 vj"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

4 v>4 6.1.78 same as above vj& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

5 vj& 6.1.110, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 same as above same as above

6 same as above v>j& 6.1.78, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 v>%< 3 6.1.78

7 v"> 6.1.78 same as above vj1 8.3.59

188
"5 6$%& w. .5

w-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) 9x

9x (wealth) declines in the same manner in both masculine and feminine.

[">"f)FG<]3 7.2.85 9%dj Q"# ~ O ">p_


The last letter of 9x becomes O when Q#%"W ">p" follows.

6 7
9x Q# 3 ">p"

1
O

9%d& 6/1 Q"# 7/1 ~ O 1/1 ">p_ 7/1


2 words in the )FG; 2 words as (>t"|
9%d& 6/1 L%"V "W* is 9x; in %(d4 jv% 1`.
Q"# 7/1 This is adjective to ">p_, thus VW%"W">"f is applied to result in Q#%W_ ">p_ 94.
O 1/1 This is OW4\. From 7.2.84 k( O ">p_.
">p_ 7/1 From 7.2.84 k( O ">p_; in 9)<`.

[LSK] 6/1 (9x\] 6/1) O*9-OW4\& 1/1 Q"# 7/1 ">p_ 7/1
O is the substitute in the place of the last letter of 9x when Q#%"W ">p" follows.
[LSK] 9%& 1/1
9x + ) 5 1/1
9% + ) 3 7.2.85 9%dj Q"# ~ O ">p_
9%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
[LSK] 9%d_ 1/2 9%d& 1/3
9x + y 1/2
3 y
9%d + 6.1.78 njd>%d%>&
9x + ) 1/3
3
3
9%d + )3 6.1.78 njd>%d%>&

189
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[LSK] 9%%< 3/2


3 S%"W 1/1

9x + %< 3/2
3

9% + %< 3 7.2.85 9%dj Q"# ~ O ">p_

Declension of 9x (w- -! 1)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


9%& 7.2.85, 9%d_ 6.1.78 9%d& 6.1.78, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
1
8.2.66, 8.3.15
S1 same as above same as above same as above

2 9%d< 3 6.1.78 same as above same as above

3 9%d% 6.1.78 9%%< 3 7.2.85 9%"p& 7.2.85, 8.2.66, 8.3.15

4 9%d4 6.1.78 same as above 9%& 7.2.85, 8.2.66, 8.3.15

5 9%d& 6.1.78, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 same as above same as above

6 same as above 9%dj& 6.1.78, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 9%d%< 3 6.1.78

7 9%"d 6.1.78 same as above 9%)

190
"5 6$%& y. .5

y-*%9% - "5 6$& (1) z#_

z#%d"V S"V z#_ (moon)


z#x Q1?d4 (1P) to decline + 2_ (h- 2.65) z#%("W%! 2_&
z# 3 + y (>%-) "2)%<? %?W 3 p%" 4 # &
z#_ 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*< 3

[LSK] z#_& 1/1


z#_ + ) 5 1/1
z#_& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
[LSK] z#%>_ 1/2 z#%>& 1/3
z#_ + y 1/2
3 y
z#%> + 6.1.78 njd>%d%>&
z#_ + ) 1/3
3
3
z#%> + )3 6.1.78 njd>%d%>&
[LSK] z#_%< 3/2
3 S%"W 1/1

Declension of z#_ (y- -! 1)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 z#_& 8.2.66, 8.3.15 z#%>_ 6.1.78 z#%>& 6.1.78, 8.2.66, 8.3.15

S1 same as above same as above same as above

2 z#%>< 3 6.1.78 same as above same as above

3 z#%>% 6.1.78 z#_%< 3 z#_"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

4 z#%>4 6.1.78 same as above z#_& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

5 z#%>& 6.1.78, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 same as above same as above

6 same as above z#%>j& 6.1.78, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 z#%>%< 3 6.1.78

7 z#%"> 6.1.78 same as above z#_1 8.3.59

[LSK] S"V 0 "5 6$%& 1/3


Thus ends the section of vowel-ending masculine words.

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0% {G`"#$%&

O-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) 9<%

There is no W 3
word in feminine because feminine suffix % will invariably come
by 4.1.4 3
%Vk% .

3 9<% (LakRm)
9<V4 "> (% )%*< S"V
3
9< 5 H`2%d%< (1A) to rejoice + n 3 3.1.134 ("<"Q n%"Wj "n&
9< 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*< 3
9< + % 3 4.1.4 %Vk% 3
9<% 6.1.101 *& )> W`T&?

3
)FGs applicable for O -ending $

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


3 "V
6.1.68 Q%j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 3
7.1.18 y O & ~ $%V \`
1
~ #j &
S1 3 & $
7.3.106 )}^_ n ~ V O same as above

2 same as above

3 3
7.3.105 O" n% & ~ $ V u")

4 3
7.3.113 d%2% & ~ $%V "V&

5 same as above
7.3.105 O" n% & ~ $ V 3 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3
6 same as above
u") ~ O"<
7 same as above same as above

[LSK] 9<% 1/1


9<% + ) 5 1/1
9<% 3 "V
6.1.68 Q%j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3
3 this stra represents % , 3 2% and
O in 3 n% . 3

192
5`"#$%& O. 5`.

[">"f)FG<]3 3
7.1.18 y O & ~ $%V \`
3
y after O -ending $ is replaced by \`.

5 6
$ O 3 y

1
\`

y& 6/1 O & 5/1 ~ $%V 5/1


3 \` 1/1

2 words in the )FG; 2 words as (>t"|


y& 6/1 L%"V "W* is y;3 in %(d4 jv% 1`. y 3 is an old name for y and y 3 given by
>F %?n%d?.
O & 5/1 This is adjective to $%V. 3 With VW ">"f, it results in Oa %V 3 $%V.3
$%V 35/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $. ">p""> "9%< takes place as Ld is to be
replaced. Note that from 7.1.1 to 7.1.57, Ld is to be modified.
\` 1/1 From 7.1.17 )& \`. This is OW4\.

[LSK] Oa %V 5/1
3 $%V 5/1
3 9 6/1 y& 6/1 \` 1/1 %V III/1
3
3
\` is the substitute in the place of y after O -ending $.
[LSK] y 3 S"V 0 y*%9-">p4 & 6/1 )!U% 1/1
y 3 is a technical name for ">p" y.
[LSK] 9<4 1/2|
9<% + y 1/2
9<% + \` 3
7.1.18 y O & ~ $%V \`
9<% + [ 1.3.8 #\V"^V4 ~ Ld O"W&
OW4\ \` is seen as Ld by 1.1.56 %"(>W%W4\j("f_
9<4 6.1.87 O&
[LSK] 9<%& 1/3|
9<% + ) 1/3
3

9<%) 3 ? >?& is negated by 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n .


6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )

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Finally, 6.1.101 *& )> W`T&?

[">"f)FG<]3 3 & $
7.3.106 )}^_ n ~ V O
3
When )}"^ follows, the last letter of O -ending $ is replaced by .

6 7
$ O 3 )}"^

)}^_ 7/1 n 0 ~ V 1/1


3 O & 6/1 $ 6/1

2 words in the )FG, 3 words as (>t"|


)}^_ 7/1 L%"V "W* is )}"^; in 9)<`. )}"^ is )!U% given to ) 5 in )}jf( by 2.3.49 *>n(!
)}"^& ~ L0<% )}jf( 4
n 0 Connecting to the previous stra.
V 3 1/1 This is OW4\. V 9*9 is just for clarity.
O & 6/1 From 7.3.105 O" n% &. Being ">\41 (adjective) to $, VW ">"f is applied
by 1.1.72 d4(">"fW , and it results in Oa $.
$ 6/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $; in %(d4 jv% 1`.

[LSK] O & 6/1 *%9& 1/1 %V III/1


3 )}^_ 7/1
3
is the substitute in the place of the last letter of O -ending $, when it is followed
by )}"^, ) 5 of )}jf(.
[LSK] 3 o%V3 (6.1.69) S"V 0 )}"^#j & 1/1 Q4 9<4 S1/1
9<% + ) 5 S1/1
9<4 + ) 3 3 & $
7.3.106 )}^_ n ~ V O
9<4 3 ^4& ~ #j &
6.1.69 3 o%V )}
[LSK] Q4 9<4 S1/2 Q4 9<%& S1/3 9<%< 2/1
3 9<4 2/2 9<%& 2/3

S1/2, S1/3, 2/2 are always the same as 1/2 and 1/3 in any \]. As for 2/1, 6.1.107
"< >F &? , and for 2/3, 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
? >?& is used. Note that 6.1.103 V%)j (& "! )
does not apply here as it is feminine.

194
5`"#$%& O. 5`.

[">"f)FG<]3 3
7.3.105 O" n% & ~ $ V u")
3
When % or u) follows, 3
the last letter of O -ending $ is replaced by .

6 7
$ O 3 %/u) 3

O" 7/1 n 0 O & 6/1 ~ $ 6/1 V 1/1


3 u") 7/1

3 words in the )FG, 3 words as (>t"|


O" 7/1 L%"V "W* is O;3 old term for % by >F %?n%d?s; in 9)<`.
n 0 Connecting to the previous stra.
O & 6/1 Being ">\41 (adjective) to $, VW ">"f is applied by 1.1.72 d4(">"fW ,
and it results in Oa $.
$ 6/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $; in %(d4 jv% 1`.
V 3 1/1 This is OW4\. V 9*9 is just for clarity.
u") 7/1 L%"V "W* is u); 3 ">p" for 6/2 and 7/2; in 9)<`.

[LSK] O" 7/1 u") 7/1 n O & 6/1 *%9& 1/1


3
is the substitute in the place of the last letter of O -ending $, when it is followed
by % or u). 3
[LSK] 9<d% 3/1
9<% + %
9<4 + O 3
7.3.105 O" n% & ~ $ V u")
3 O
9<d + 6.1.78 njd>%d%>& ~ "n )!"QV%d%< 3

[LSK] 9<%%< 3/2


3 9<%"p& 3/3

195
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[">"f)FG<]3 3
7.3.113 d%2% & ~ $%V "V&
3
When O -ending 3
$ precedes, "V-Ld takes d% 3-Ov< at the beginning of it.

5 6
$ O 3 3
"V-Ld

1
d% 3

d% 1/1
3 O & 5/1 ~ $%V 5/1
3 "V& 6/1

2 words in the )FG, 2 words as (>t"|


d% 3 1/1 This is Ov<. With 1.1.46 O _ "*V_, it becomes O"W- >d>.
O & 5/1 This is adjective to $%V. 3 With VW ">"f, it results in Oa %V 3 $%V.3
$%V 35/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $. ">p""> "9%< takes place as Ld is to be
replaced. Note that from 7.1.1 to 7.1.57, Ld is to be modified.
"V& 6/1 From 7.3.111 T4"? "V. ">p""> "9%< takes place as it is the one which takes
Ov<; in %(d4 jv% 1`.

[LSK] O & 5/1 "V& 6/1 d% 1/1


3
3
d% 3 is O"W- >d>-Ov< for "V when 3
O -ending $ precedes.
[LSK] >t"^& 1/1 9<%d x 4/1
9<% + 4
3
9<% + d% 3 + 7.3.113 d%2% & ~ $%V "V&
3 w
9<% + d + 3 "QV%d%< 3
6.1.88 >t"^94"n ~ OV )!
9<%d x

[LSK] 9<%%< 4/2,


3 5/2 9<%"p& 4/3, 5/3

[LSK] 9<%d%& 5/1, 6/1


9<% + ")5
9<% + d% 3 + ) 3 3
7.3.113 d%2% & ~ $%V "V&
9<% + d%) 3 6.1.101 *& )> W`T&? ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
9<%d%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

196
5`"#$%& O. 5`.

[LSK] 9<dj& 6/2, 7/2


9<% + u) 3
9<4 + u) 3 3
7.3.105 O" n% & ~ $ V u")
3 u) 3
9<d + 6.1.78 njd>%d%>& ~ "n )!"QV%d%< 3
9<dj& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
[LSK] 9<%%< 6/3
3

9<% + O< 3
3
9<% + ( O< 3 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3 ~ O"<
9<% + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ~ W`T&? (This is applied even though it is redundant, called ? >V)3

9<%%< 3 8.4.2 T*% >%d4" ~ (& &
[LSK] 9<%d%< 7/1
3

9<% + "
9<% + O< 3 7.3.116 4 9% % `&
9<% + d% 3 O< 3 7.3.113 d%2% & ~ $%V "V&
3

9<% + d%< 3 6.1.101 *& )> W`T&? ~ )!"QV%d%< 3


9<%d%< 3
[LSK] 9<%) 7/3
9<% + ) 3
9<%)

[LSK] >< 03 &v%?- "}*%-OWd& 1/3


In this manner, &v%?, "}*%, etc., decline.

Other O-ending feminine words which decline in this manner are: ">%, <%d%, v$%,
S;%, *V%, *t %, O\U%, "n %, " U%)%, vQ%, W4>V%, "(D%, "(%, p%1%, etc.

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

Declension of 9<% (O-{G`-1)


O -3 -{G`"#$-\]&

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


9<% + ) 5 9<% + y 9<% + ) 3
1 9<% 6.1.68 9<% + \` 7.1.18 9<%) 3 6.1.101
9<4 6.1.87 9<%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
9<% + ) 5
S1 9<4 + ) 3 7.3.106 same as above same as above
9<4 6.1.69
9<% + < 3 9<% + \) 3
2 9<%< 3 6.1.107 same as above 9<%) 3 6.1.102
9<%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
9<% + % 9<% + %< 3 9<% + "p) 3
3 9<4 + O 7.3.105 9<%%< 3 9<%"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
9<d% 6.1.78
9<% + 4 9<% + ) 3
9<% + d% 3 7.3.113 9<%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
4 same as above
9<% + d x 6.1.88
Q9d4
9<% + ")5
3
9<% + d% 3 ) 7.3.113
5 same as above same as above
9<% + d%) 3 6.1.101
9<%d%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
9<% + u) 3 9<% + O< 3
9<4 + u) 3 7.3.105 3
9<% + ( O< 3 7.1.54
6 same as above
9<d +3 u) 3 6.1.78 9<% + (%< 3 6.4.3
9<dj& 8.2.66, 8.3.15 9<%%< 3 8.4.2
9<% + " 9<% + ) 3
9<% + O< 3 7.3.116 9<%)
7 same as above
9<% + d% 3 O< 3 7.3.113
9<%d%< 3 6.1.101

198
5`"#$%& O. 5`.

O-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) )>?(%< #1 )>%?

All W 3 4.1.4
)>?(%< words in feminine take feminine suffix % by 3 They
%Vk% .
are: )>%?, ">P%, hp%, 2V9 and 2V< ending words (dV9%, dV<%, etc. 6), %, V9%, SV9%, %, (<4 %,
)<%, ")<%, >F %?, 9%, >9%, W"%, h|9%, 9%, f9%, o%, 9%, and *%. 13

)>? + % 3 4.1.4 %Vk% 3


)>%? 6.1.101 *& )> W`T&?
)>?(%<)!U% for )>? by 1.1.27 )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"(
Note that L%"V "W* with {G`-Ld is still considered to be L%"V "W* by "9p%1% L%"V "W*-
3 (mentioning of L%"V "W* includes the one conditioned by gender).
Q4 "#$">"\k%" Q<
This "9p%1% is commonly called "#$">"\k "9p%1%.

Declension of )>%? (O-{G`-2 #1)


)>?(%<)!U*& O -3 -{G`"#$-\]&

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

S1

4 )>? x 7.3.114, 6.1.88

5 )>?%& 7.3.114, 6.1.101

6 same as above )>%?)%< 3 7.1.52, 6.4.3

7 )>?%< 3 7.3.116, 7.3.114, 6.1.101

The rest declines like 9<%.

13
3
As for hpd, ` comes by 4.1.15, to make hpd`, which declines like (W`.

199
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[">"f)FG<]3 7.3.114 )>?(% & %V o ~ O & "V&


3
When O -ending 3
)>?(%< precedes, "V-Ld takes % 3-Ov< at the beginning of it.
And the last letter of )>?(%< becomes o.

5 6
)>?(%< O 3 "V-Ld
3

1
% 3-Ov<

1
o

)>?(% & 5/1 % 1/1


3 o& 1/1 n 0 ~ O & 5/1 "V& 6/1
4 words in the )FG; 2 words as (>t"|
)>?(% & 5/1 )>?(%<)!U* word; in >F ? <`.
3
% 3 1/1 This is Ov<. With 1.1.46 O _ "*V_, it becomes O"W- >d> of "V-Ld.
o& 1/1 This is OW4\. With 1.1.52 #j, it replaces the last letter.
n 0 This n*%9 indicates there are two *%d?s.
O & 5/1 From 7.3.113 d%2% &. This is adjective to )>?(% &. With VW ">"f, it results in
3 (% &.
Oa %V )>?
"V& 6/1 From 7.3.111 T4"? "V. ">p""> "9%< takes place as it is the one which takes
Ov<; in %(d4 jv% 1`.

[LSK] Oa %V 5/1
3 )>?(% & 5/1 "V& 6/1 % 1/1
3 %V 1/1
3 O & 6/1 n 0 o& 1/1

% is 3
3 O"W- >d>-Ov< for "V after 3
O -ending )>?(%<, and o is the substitute in the
3
place of the last letter of O -ending )>?(%<.
[LSK] )>? x 4/1
)>%? + 4
)>%? + % 3 + 7.3.114 )>?(% & %V o ~ O & "V&
)>? + % 3 + 7.3.114 )>?(% & %V o ~ O & "V&
3 w
)>? + + 3 "QV%d%< 3
6.1.88 >t"^94"n ~ OV )!
)>? x

200
5`"#$%& O. 5`.

[LSK] )>?%& 5/1, 6/1


)>%? + ")5
)>%? + % 3 + ) 3 7.3.114 )>?(% & %V o ~ O & "V&
)>? + % 3 + ) 3 7.3.114 )>?(% & %V o ~ O & "V&
)>? + %) 3 6.1.101 *& )> W`T&? ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
)>?%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
[LSK] )>%?)%< 6/3
3

)>%? + O< 3
3
)>%? + ) O< 3 7.1.52 O"< )>?(% & ) 3
)>%? + )%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ~ W`T&? ( ? >V)3

[LSK] )>?%< 7/1
3

)>%? + "
)>%? + O< 3 7.3.116 4 9% % `&
)>%? + % 3 + O< 3 7.3.114 )>?(% & %V o ~ O & "V&
)>? + % 3 + O< 3 7.3.114 )>?(% & %V o ~ O & "V&
)>? + %< 3 6.1.101 *& )> W`T&? ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
)>?%< 3
[LSK] \41< 1/1
3 9<%>V 03

The rest declines like 9<%.

[LSK] >< 03 ">P%-OWd& 1/3 Oa %& 1/3


In this manner, ">P%, etc., O-ending )>?(%< feminine words decline.

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O-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) )>?(%< #2 h|9 >F %?

When >F %? (east), h|9% (north), and W"% (south) come as the h|9 W in ab `"Q)<%),
)>?(%<-)!U% is optional by the next stra.

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.1.28 ">p%1% "WW<%)4 ab `Q_ ~ )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"(


In ab `"Q-)<%), which is about direction, members of )>%?"Wv get optional )>?(%<-)!U%.

">p%1% 1/1 "WW<%)4 7/1 ab `Q_ 7/1 ~ )>%?W`"( 1/3 )>?(%<%"( 1/3
3 words in the )FG; 2 words as (>t"|
">p%1% 1/1 )>?(%<-)!U% is optional.
"WW<%)4 7/1 "W\%! )<%)& "WW<%)& (6T), V"( 3 Compound of direction; in "f*9)<`.
ab `Q_ 7/1 L%"V "W* is ab `"Q, a type of )<%); in "f*9)<`.
)>%?W`"( 1/3 This is )!U`.
)>?(%<%"( 1/3 This is )!U%.

[LSK] )>?(%<V% 1/1 >% 0


The status of )>?(%< is optional.
? x 4/1, h|9 >F %?d x 4/1
[LSK] h|9 >F
? %& n "W\j&
h|9%& n >F 9%#% "W* 3 h|9 >F %?
The direction between two directions of north and east is called h|9 >F %?, north-east.
3 >F %? + ) 3
h|9% + ) + 2.2.26 "W%<% 9%#4 ~ ab `"Q& )<%)&
L%"V "W*-)!U% 1.2.46 *t |%"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*< 3
h|9% + >F %? 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ~ * 3
h|9 + >F %? (>%-) )>?(% j >t"|<%G4 >! %>&
h|9 >F %?
Optional )>?(%<-)!U% 1.1.28 ">p%1% "WW<%)4 ab `Q_ ~ )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"(

3
Because of this stra, there are two forms when "V and 3
O< follow.

202
5`"#$%& O. 5`.

Declension of h|9 >F %? (O-{G`-2 #2)


Optional )>?(%<-)!U% by being "WW<%) ab `"Q
O -3 -{G`"#$-\]s

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

S1

4 ? x/h|9 >F %?d x


h|9 >F

5 ? x%&/h|9 >F %?d%&


h|9 >F

6 same as above 3
h|9 >F %?)%</h|9 >F %?%< 3

7 3
? %</h|9
h|9 >F >F %?d%< 3

The rest declines like 9<%.

In the same manner, W" >F %? (south-east), >F |9% (east-north), "<j|9% (west-north),
"<W"% (west-south), >F W? "% (east-south), etc.14

14
There is no >F "? ( %V regulation between the "W* 3 words.

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

O-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) )>?(%< #3 "ZV`d%

[LSK] (>%-) V`d (" >%) S"V 0 >% 0 )>?(%<)!U% 1/1


3
By the >%"V?* V`d " >%| For a V`d-suffix-ending word, when "V suffix follows,
)>?(%<-)!U% is optional, "ZV`d% and VV`d% gain optional )>?(%<-)!U%.
[LSK] "ZV`d x 4/1, "ZV`d%d x 4/1
3
When "V follows, there are two forms; one is with )>?(%<-)!U%, and the other is
without.

Declension of "ZV`d% (O-{G`-2 #3)


Optional )>?(%<-)!U% when "Vs3 follow
O -3 -{G`"#$-\]

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

S1

4 "ZV`d x/"ZV`d%d x

5 "ZV`d%&/"ZV`d%d%&

6 same as above

7 3
"ZV`d%</"ZV`d%d%< 3

The rest declines like 9<%.

[LSK] >< 03 VtV`d% 1/1


VtV`d% declines in the same manner.

204
5`"#$%& O. 5`.

O-*%9% -{G`"#$& (3) }%

O-ending feminine words which have the meaning of mother take o-OW4\ in
)}"^ by 7.3.107 }%0 ?(j?o&.

[LSK] Q4 } S1/1 Q4 S1/1 Q4 6 S1/1


}% + ) S1/1
}+)3 7.3.107 }%0(? j?o& ~ $ )}^_
} 3 ^4& ~ #j &
6.1.69 3 o%V )}
% and 6%, both are in the meaning of mother, decline in the same manner.

Declension of }% (O-{G`-3)
}%0&? O -3 -{G`"#$-\]&

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

S1 Q4 }

The rest declines like 9<%.

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

O-*%9% -{G`"#$& (4) 9%

9% (old age) has its own special stra: 7.2.101 9%d% 9)V9%<3 ~ "n. Because of
this stra, when %"W-Ld follows, there are optional forms in which $ is 9).3
Everywhere else is like 9<%.

[LSK] 9% 1/1 9)_ 1/2 S%"W 1/1


9% + y 1/2
3 y
9) + 7.2.101 9%d% 9)V9%<3 ~ "n
9)_
4 94 1/2
Declension of 9% (O-{G`-4)
9%-\]& O -3 -{G`"#$\]&

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 9)_/ 94 9)&/ 9%&

S1 same as above same as above

2 9)</3 9%< 3 same as above 9)&/ 9%&

3 9)%/ 9d%

4 9)4/ 9%d x

5 9)&/ 9%d%&

6 same as above 9)j&/ 9dj& 9)%</3 9%%< 3

7 9")/ 9%d%< 3 same as above

The rest declines like 9<%.

206
5`"#$%& O. 5`.

O-*%9% -{G`"#$& (5) vj %

This is a f%V- >d>-O*%9% word, like ">P %, and declines in exactly the same way as
3 4.1.4
">P % in "5 6$. There is no {G`Ld, such as % by 3 applicable to this word.
%Vk% ,

v%! %"V 9"V S"V vj %


vj + % 94 (2P) to protect + " 3

[LSK] vj %& 1/1


vj % + ) 5 1/1
vj %& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
With p-)!U%, the last letter of $ is elided by 6.4.140 OVj f%Vj& ~ p #j &.
vj % + \) 3
3
vj + )3 6.4.140 OVj f%Vj& ~ p #j &

Declension of vj % (O-{G`-5)
f%V- >d>-O*%9% - (%a -{G`"#$\]&

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 vj %& vj _ vj %&

S1 same as above same as above same as above

2 vj %< 3 same as above vj & 6.4.140

3 vj % 6.4.140 vj %%< 3 vj %"p&

4 vj 4 6.4.140 same as above vj %&

5 vj & 6.4.140 same as above same as above

6 same as above vj j& 6.4.140 vj %< 3 6.4.140

7 vj" 6.4.140 same as above vj %)

The entire declension is the same as for ">P % in "5 6$.

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

S-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) <"V

3 4 (4A) to consider + "( 3


<( U%( 3.3.94 "{Gd%! "( 3
< + "V 6.4.37 (W%|j W4\->("V-V(j%W`(%<((%")* #j j "# "X"V ~ $
<"V (intellect)

[LSK] <V`& 2/3


<"V + \) 3
3 [+)3
<V + ? >?& ~ W`T&?
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
<V`& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Note that 6.1.103 V%)j (& "! ) is not applicable here as <"V \] is feminine.
[LSK] <% 3/1
<"V + %
<% 6.1.77 S*j d"n
Note that 7.3.120 Oj (%"{Gd%<3 ~ T4& is not applicable because it is feminine.
How does <"V get "T-)!U%? This will become clear by the next stra.

208
5`"#$%& S. 5`.

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.4.6 ""V o ~ dF %%_ (W` Sd>


3 %(_ {G` >%
3
When "V-Ld follows, optional (W`-)!U% is given to two types of words:
3 h> 3 OW4\, excluding {G`
A. [/l-ending feminine (fixed-gender) word, which take Sd/
B. S/h-ending non-fixed-gender feminine words.

""V 7/1 o& 1/1 n 0 ~ dF 1/2 %%_ 1/2 (W` 1/1 Sd>%(_ 1/2 {G` 1/1 >% 0
3 words in the )FG; 6 words as (>t"|
""V 7/1 L%"V "W* is "V; 3 represents all "V Ld
3 in ) ; 3 in 9)<`.
o& 1/1 This is adjective to dF only in sentence B.
n 0 By this n*%9, two sentences are made. See below.
dF 1/2 For sentence A, W`T ? [/l are intended. [& n l& n dF (ID);
For sentence B, with adjective o&, o S/h are to be understood.
3
%%_ 1/2 "{Gd< On%V4 (Words which) tell feminine.
For sentence A, "({G`"#$ words, the words which always appear in feminine.
For sentence B, Just {G`"#$ words, including "({G`"#$ words, as well as hpd"#$ words,
i.e., 9" and S1, or "G"#$ words, i.e., 2 and <t&.
(W` 1/1 This is )!U%; this is artificial name.
Sd>-3 %(_ 1/2 This is only for sentence A. L%"V "W*s which take Sd/
3 h> 3 OW4\ (by

6.4.77, etc.) such as c`; Sd 3 n h> 3 n Sd>_ (ID) Sd>j& %(! ddj& V_ Sd>-3 %(_
(116B) Words which have %( (= %"((s)3 for Sd/
3 h> 3 OW4\.

{G` 1/1 ( {G` {G` (NT) This is to exclude L%"V "W* {G` from sentence A.
>% 0 (W`-)!U% is optional. The other option for group B is "T-)!U% by 1.4.7 \41j $)"Y.

[LSK] Sd>-3 %(_ 1/2 {G`\]"p_ 1/2 "({G`"#$_ 1/2 [V_ 1/2, o_ 1/2 n 0 S>?-h> 1/2 "{Gd%< 7/1
3 >%
0
(W`)!U_ 1/2 & III/2 ""V 7/1
3
Optional (W`-)!U% is given to these two types of words, when "V follows.
A. Sd>-3 %(_ "({G`"#$_ dF ([ l) other than the word {G`
B. n/a {G`"#$_ dF (S h)
A. W`T ? [/l-ending "({G`"#$ words which are %"((s)3 for Sd/
3 h> 3 OW4\, other than {G`

B. o S/h-ending {G`"#$ words

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

1.4.6 A This gives L%-">p%1% to words for which (W`-)!U% was denied by 1.4.4.

1.4.6 B If the short S/h-ending word is feminine, and followed by "V, 3 (W`-)!U%.
This is >%W to 1.4.7 \41j $)"Y

1.4.7 \41j $)"Y Any short S/h-ending gets "T-)!U%.

[LSK] < x 4/1, <Vd4 4/1


<"V + 4
Optional (W`-)!U% is given by 1.4.6 ""V o ~ dF %%_ (W` Sd>%(_ {G` >%
<"V + O 3 7.3.112 O(%& ~ ""V
<"V + w 6.1.90 O ~ >t"^& "n
< x 6.1.77 S*j d"n
When (W`-)!U% is not given, then it is \41, thus 1.4.7 \41j $)"Y
<"V + 4
<V4 + 7.3.111 T4"? "V ~ v&
3
<Vd + 6.1.78 njd>%d%>& ~ "n
<Vd4
[LSK] <%& 5/1, 6/1 <V4& 5/1, 6/1
<"V + ")5
Optional (W`-)!U% is given by 1.4.6 ""V o ~ dF %%_ (W` Sd>%(_ {G` >%
<"V + O 3 ) 3 7.3.112 O(%& ~ ""V
<"V + O) 3 6.1.90 O ~ >t"^& "n
<%& 6.1.77 S*j d"n , 8.2.66, 8.3.15
When (W`-)!U% is not given, then it is \41, thus 1.4.7 \41j $)"Y
<"V + ")5
<V4 + ) 3 7.3.111 T4"? "V ~ v&
<V4) 3 ? <3
6.1.110 "))j ~ >F
<V4& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

210
5`"#$%& S. 5`.

[">"f)FG<]3 7.3.117 S&W 3%< 3 ~ 4 & O< (W`%<


3 3
3
"-Ld is replaced by O< when it is preceded by S/h-ending (W`-)!U* word.

5 6
(W` S/h "

1
O< 3

S&'%< 5/2
3 ~ 4 & 6/1 O< 1/1
3 (W`%< 5/2
3

1 word in the )FG; 3 words as (>t"|


3
S&'%< 5/2 3 hV n
SV n 3 S&V_ (ID), V%%< S&'%<
3 ; 3 in >F ? <`.
3
4 & 6/1 L%"V "W* is ", ) -Ld in 6/1; in %( 4djv% 1`.
3
O< 1/1 3
This is OW4\; the %"(( being 4 %">? is
a single letter, "9p%1% 1.1.55 (*
not required.
3
(W`%< 5/2 From 7.3.116 4 9% % `&, only (W` is taken; >n("> "9%< is made in order
to match with S&'%<; 3 in >F ? <`.

[LSK] S&'%< 5/2


3 (W`-)!U*%%< 5/2
3 9 6/1 4 & 6/1 O< 1/1
3
3 the substitute in the place of " after S/h-ending word with (W`-)!U%.
O< is
[LSK] <%< 7/1
3 , <V_ 7/1

Optional (W`-)!U% is given by 1.4.6 ""V o ~ dF %%_ (W` Sd>%(_ {G` >%
<"V + "
<"V + O< 3 7.3.117 S&'%< 3 ~ 4 & O< (W`%<
3 3
3
<"V + O 3 O< 7.3.112 O(%& ~ ""V
<"V + O< 3 6.1.90 O ~ >t"^& "n
<%< 3 6.1.77 S*j d"n
When (W`-)!U% is not given, then it is \41, thus 1.4.7 \41j $)"Y
<"V + "
<V + y 3
7.3.119 T4& ~ S&W 3%< yV 3

<V_ 6.1.88 >t"^94"n

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In "` , there is a discussion on why 7.3.117 S&'%< 3 is needed while 7.3.116


4 9% % `& itself could make <%< 7/1
3 .
3 \ (7.3.118) being 9*%d? to O<-OW4
A summarized answer is this: yV-OW4 3 \ (7.3.116),

there would be "(k")"^. As a solution to this situation, 7.3.117 S&'%< 3 is started as >%W
to 7.3.118 yV 3 ~ S&'%<. 3

[LSK "` ] (( (W`)!U%- 4 <%<3 S"V G 4 9%< (%<


3 3 (7.3.116) S"V )FG
4 > 4 & O"< ")^4
3
()"V), S&'%< (7.3.117) 3 n4V 3
S"V 0<? S"V
Objection: Here, <%<3 in (W`)!U%- , when O<-OW4
3 \ for " is accomplished by
3
7.3.116 4 9%< (%<3 , this stra 7.3.117 S&'%< 3 is useless.

[LSK "` ] (, v_6%?<3 S%W_ 4 9%< (%<


3 3 (7.3.116) S"V , )_ _ S"V G n yV 3
3
(7.3.118) S"V n%"9V% ( (Va#">9jf4 )"V) 9%V (1.4.2 3 L*t V4 yV S"V
">L"V14f 4 9! *%d?<) 3
L>t"|-O |4&
3
Resolution: That is not so. For both 7.3.116 4 9%< (%<3 as in v_6%?< ([-ending
3 with
(W`)!U%) and 7.3.118 yV 3 ~ S&'%< as
3 in )_ and _ (S-ending), there are their own scopes

of operation. In our case of <"V (S-ending with (W`)!U%), both stras are applicable. This is
3
called ">L"V14f. Then yV will be applied, because of being told later. And this is not desired.

">L"V14f&
( G%G #0%>*%\dj94*G dv %"a#">9jf&)

v_d%?< 3 )_, _
3 (W`-)!U* by
O< for <"V 3 S/h by
yV for
7.3.116 4 9% % `& 3 3
7.3.117, 118 S&'%< yV

By 1.4.2 ">L"V14f 4 9! *%d?<,3 yV by


3 the 9)FG will be taken. This is not Sk.

212
5`"#$%& S. 5`.

3
[LSK "` ] )"V V "( "(9>*%\4 3
( ((4 (S&'%< (7.3.117) 3
4 ) yV (7.3.118)
S"V )FG S"V
()FG) a%f& S"V O\d4( OQ S&'%<3 S"V
If this is the case, by separating 7.3.117 S&'%< 3 and making it >%W ("(9>*%\), it will
3 To tell this, the next stra S&'%<3 starts
be the negation for 7.3.118 yV .

Problem:

7.3.116 4 9% % `& <"V + O< 3 is ideal, but -


3
7.3.117, 118 S&'%< yV 3 <"V + yV 3 will happen because this is 9*%d?<. 3

Solution:

7.3.116 4 9% % `&
3 it becomes
By separating 7.3.117 S&'%< , >%W
7.3.117 S&'%< 3
to 7.3.118 yV 3
7.3.118 yV 3

7.3.116 4 9% % `& v_d%?< 3


7.3.117 S&'%< 3 ~ O< (%&
3 <%< 3
7.3.118 yV 3 ~ S&W 3pd< 3 )_, _
7.3.119 T4& ~ yV 3 Q9_, <V_

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[LSK] \41< 1/1


3 Q"9>V 03

The rest declines like Q"9.


Declension of <"V (S-{G`-1)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


<"V + ) 5 <"V + y <"V + ) 3
<"V5 8.2.66 <V` 6.1.102 <V4 + ) 3 7.3.109
1
<"V& 8.3.15 <Vd +3 ) 3 6.1.78
<Vd& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
<"V + ) 5
S1 <V4 + ) 3 7.3.108 same as above same as above
<V4 6.1.69
<"V + < 3 <"V + \) 3
2 <"V< 3 6.1.107 same as above <V`) 3 6.1.102
<V`& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
<"V + % <"V + %< 3 <"V + "p) 3
3
<% 6.1.77 <"V%< 3 <"V"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
<"V + 4 <"V + 4 <"V + ) 3
<"V + O 3 7.3.112 <V4 + 7.3.111 <"V& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
4 same as above
<"V + w 6.1.90 <Vd +3 6.1.78
< x 6.1.77 <Vd4
<"V + ")5 <"V + ")5
3
<"V + O 3 ) 7.3.112 <V4 + ) 3 7.3.111
5 <"V + O) 3 6.1.90 <V4) 3 6.1.110 same as above same as above
3 O) 3
< + 6.1.77 <V4& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
<%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
<"V + u) 3 <"V + O< 3
6 same as above same as above < +3 u) 3 6.1.77 3
<"V + ( O< 3 7.1.54
<j& 8.2.66, 8.3.15 <V`(%< 3 6.4.3
<"V + " <"V + " <"V + ) 3
<"V + O< 3 7.3.116 <"V + y 7.3.119 <"V1 8.3.59
7 <"V + O 3 O< 3 7.3.112 <V + y 7.3.119 same as above
<"V + O< 3 6.1.90 <V_ 6.1.88
<%< 3 6.1.77
3
When "V follows, optional (W`-)!U% by 1.4.6 ""V o .
The rest declines like Q"9 except for 2/3.

214
5`"#$%& S. 5`.

S-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) "G

"G (three) is "(ab>n(% &, always ending with plural suffix.

[">"f)FG<]3 7.2.99 "GnV9j& "{Gd%! "V)tnV)t ~ ">p_


"G and nV9 3are replaced by "V)t and nV)t, respectively, in feminine, when followed by
">p".
6 7
"G/nV9 3
">p"
in feminine

1
"V)t/nV)t

"G-nV9j& 6/2 "{Gd%< 7/1


3 "V)t-nV)t 1/2 ~ ">p_ 7/1

4 words in the )FG; 1 word as (>t"|


"G-nV9j& 6/2 "G (three) and nV9 3(four); in %(d4 jv% 1`.
"{Gd%< 3 7/1 Feminine; in ">1d)<`.
"V)t-nV)t 1/2 This is OW4\. By 1.3.10 d0%)<(W4\& )<%(%<,3 "V)t replaces "G, and nV)t
replaces nV9.3 By "9p%1% 1.1.55 (* 3 replaced.15
4 %">? , the entire %"(( is
">p_ 7/2 From 7.2.84 k( O ">p_; in 9)<`.

[LSK] {G`"#$dj& 6/2 V_ 1/2 & III/2 ">p_ 7/1


"V)t and nV)t are the substitutes in the place of "G and nV9 3in feminine, when ">p"
follows.

"G + ) 1/3
3

"V)t + ) 3 7.2.99 "GnV9j& "{Gd%! "V)tnV)t ~ ">p_


When "V)t and nV)t are followed by vowel-beginning suffix, the next stra is applied.

15
3 applicable by 4.1.5 s4j ` 3 but negated by 4.1.10 ( 1 3-
After sW -OW4\, feminine suffix ` is
o %"W& since "V)t and nV)t are counted in o)t-O"Wv.

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[">"f)FG<]3 7.2.100 "n 9 sV& ~ "V)tnV j&


3
s of "V)t and nV)t is replaced by 9 3when n follows.

6 7
"V)t/nV)t s n3

1
93

"n 7/1 9& 1/1 sV& 6/1 ~ "V)tnV j& 6/2


3 words in the )FG; 1 word as (>t"|
"n 7/1 In 9)<`.
9& 1/1 94 is the OW4\. after 94 is h%9%0 ?.
sV& 6/1 L%"V "W* is sV, 3 a short s; in %(d4 jv% 1`.
"V)t-nV j& 6/2 From the previous stra; with ">p""> "9%<; in )}4 1` to sV&.

[LSK] "V)tnV)t Vdj& 6/2 s*%9 6/1 94-OW4\& 1/1 %V III/1


3 "n 7/1
3
94 is the substitute in the place of s of "V)tnV)t, when n follows.
[LSK] v-W`T-? h%(%< 6/3
3 >%W& 1/1
This is >%W for v, W`T,? and h16.
[LSK] "V & 1/3 "V & 2/3
"G + ) 3
"V)t + ) 3 7.2.99 "GnV9j& "{Gd%! "V)tnV)t ~ ">p_
3
"V + )3 7.2.100 "n 9 sV& ~ "V)tnV j&

16
3
v& When ) follows, this stra negates v told by 7.3.109 ") n ~ o v& and 7.3.110 sVj
")>?(%<%(dj& ~ v.
3
W`T?& When \) follows, ? >?&.
it this stra negates W`T? told by 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
hV 3 When "V)t and nV)t are compounded as h|9 W and become v_, and ")5/) follows,
3 this stra
3
negates hV told by 6.1.111 sV hV3 ~ "))j. For example, "Ld%& "V & d )& "Ld)% L%"V "W* is "Ld"G.
When ">p" follows, 5` is v_, "V)t-OW4\ is applied by 7.2.99 "GnV9j& "5d%! "V)tnV)t ~ ">p_. In the
case of "Ld"G + ")5, it becomes "Ld"V)t + ")5 and 6.1.111 sV hV3 is L%. By the >%W 7.2.100 "n 9 sV&
, the final form is "Ld"V &.

216
5`"#$%& S. 5`.

[LSK] "V)t"p& 3/3 "V)t& 4/3 "V)t& 5/3


[LSK] O"< 7/1 ( 1/1
3
"G + O< 3
"V)t + O< 3 7.2.99 "GnV9j& "{Gd%! "V)tnV)t ~ ">p_
Here, ">L"V14f happens between 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3 and 7.2.100 "n 9 sV& ~
"V)tnV j&. By (>%-) (<"n9VtF%>4j ( 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4 , ( 3 takes precedence.
"V)t + (%< 3 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3
Now, 6.4.3 (%"< is applicable. The next stra is "(14f for that.

["(14f)FG<]3 6.4.4 ( "V)tnV)t ~ (%"< W`T?&


3
W`T ? does not happen for "V)t and nV)t even when (%< follows.

6 7
"V)t/nV)t n3 (%< 3

1
W`T ?

( 0 "V)tnV)t 6/2 ~ (%"< 7/1 W`T&? 1/1


2 words in the )FG; 2 words as (>t"|
( 0 Negation to W`T.?
? >%?4d%2%Y%d% %#&.
"V)tnV)t 6/2 ">p" is by 7.1.39 ) %! ),F>)
(%"< 7/1 In 9)<`.
W`T&? 1/1 This is the OW4\, which is negated by (.

[LSK] ("V)tnV)t) Vdj& 6/2 (%"< 7/1 W`T&? 1/1 ( 0


3
W`T&? does not take place for "V)tnV)t, even when (%< follows.
[LSK] "V)t%< 6/3
3

"G + O< 3
"V)t + O< 3 7.2.99 "GnV9j& "{Gd%! "V)tnV)t ~ ">p_
"V)t + (%< 3 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3 with (>%-) (<"n9VtF%>4j ( 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4
W`T ? is prohibited by 6.4.4 ( "V)tnV)t ~ (%"< W`T&?

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

"V)t + %< 3 (>%-) s>%? ! >%:< 3


[LSK] "V)t1 7/3
"G + )
"V)t + ) 7.2.99 "GnV9j& "{Gd%! "V)tnV)t ~ ">p_
"V)t + 1 ? & S*j&
8.3.59 OW4\Lddj& ~ <Ff

Declension of "G (S-{G`-2)


"(ab>n(% &

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 "V & 7.2.99, 7.2.100

S1

2 "V & 7.2.99, 7.2.100

3 "V)t"p& 7.2.99

4 "V)t& 7.2.99

5 same as above

6 "V)t%< 3 7.2.99, 7.1.54, 6.4.4

7 "V)t1 7.2.99, 8.3.59

"V)t-OW4\ is only in feminine.

218
5`"#$%& S. 5`.

S-*%9% -{G`"#$& (3) "Z

"Z (two) is )>?(%<, and counted in W%"W-v. This is "(-"Z>n(% -\].


Because of 7.2.102 W%W`(%<& ~ ">p_, it becomes -ending, and 4.1.4 %Vk% 3 ~
3
"{Gd%< gives 3
% for -ending. Then, the L%"V "W* becomes Z%. Being "(-"Z>n(% -\] and
there is no )>?(%<)!U%"("<|*-*%d? in dual, it declines like 9<%.

[LSK] Z4 1/2 Z4 2/2 Z%%< 3/2


3 Z%%< 4/2
3 Z%%< 5/2
3 Zdj& 6/2 Zdj& 7/2

"Z + y
Z+y 7.2.102 W%W`(%<& ~ ">p_
3 y
Z % + 4.1.4 %Vk% 3 ~ "{Gd%< 3
Z% + y 6.1.101 *& )> W`T&?
Z% + \` 7.1.18 y O & ~ \`
Z% + [ 1.1.56 %"(>W%W4\j("W_, 1.3.8 #\V"^V4 , 1.3.9 V #j &
Z4 6.1.87 O& ~ "n

Declension of "Z (S-{G`-3)


"("Z>n(% -)>?(%<-)!U*-\]&

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 Z4

S1

2 Z4

3 Z%%< 3

4 same as above

5 same as above

6 Zdj&

7 same as above

Since there is no )>?(%<)!U%"("<|*-*%d? in dual, it declines like 9<%.


There is no )}jf( for "Z.

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[-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) v_9`

v_9 (white) + `1 3 4.1.41 "1W 3-v_9%"W ~ `1 3


v_9 3+ [ 6.4.148 d4"V n ~ p #j &
v_9` (Prvat)

[LSK] v_9` 1/1


v_9` + ) 5
v_9` 3
6.1.68 Q#%j 3 "V
W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ~ #j &
[LSK] v_6 1/2
v_9` + y
3 y
v_d ? + ? >?& by 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n
6.1.77 S*j d"n , after negating 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
3 y
v_6 ? + 8.4.46 nj 9Q%%! Z4
v_6
[LSK] v_6 1/3
v_9` + ) 3
3
v_d ? + )3 ? >?& by 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n
6.1.77 S*j d"n , after negating 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
3
v_6 ? + )3 8.4.46 nj 9Q%%! Z4
v_6?& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
[LSK] Q4 v_"9 S1/1
v_9` + ) 5
v_"9 + ) 3 7.3.107 }%0(? j?o&
v_"9 3 ^4& ~ #j &
6.1.69 3 o%V )}
[LSK] v_6 4/1 S%"W 1/1
v_9` + 4
v_"9 + O 3 7.3.112 O(%& ~ ""V
v_"9 + w 6.1.90 O ~ "n >t"^&
v_d 6.1.77 S*j d"n
v_6 8.4.46 nj 9Q%%! Z4

220
5`"#$%& [. 5`.

Declension of v_9` ([-{G`-1)


(W`-)!U*-\]&

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 v_9` v_6 v_6?&

S1 Q4 v_"9 same as above same as above

2 v_9`< 3 same as above v_9`&

3 v_6%? v_9`%< 3 v_9`"p&

4 v_6 same as above v_9`&

5 v_6%?& same as above same as above

6 same as above v_6& v_9`%< 3

7 v_6%?< 3 same as above v_9`1

The entire declension is like abc4d)`, except for 2/3.

[LSK] >< 03 (%Wd& 1/3


(W`-)!U* L%"V "W*s such as (W`, )9oV`, [%\`, *<%9`, (%9`, )%9$`, etc., decline in the same
manner.

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) #e`

3 [
# + (h- 3.160) #4<? 3 n ~ [
3 < [3
# + (h- 3.160) #4<? 3 n ~ [
#e`

[LSK] #e`& 1/1 \41< 1/1


3 v_9`>V 03

Since the [ is from h%"W-Ld, not feminine suffix ` (` , 3 `1, 3 `(),3 6.1.68 Q#%j
3
3 "V
W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ~ #j & does not apply in 1/1. This is the only difference from v_9`.
[LSK] >< 03 V9`-V]%Wd& 1/3
V9`, V `, etc., decline in the same manner.

There are nine such feminine words, which do not end with `-Ld, thus they are
3
not subject to 6.1.68 Q#%j 3 "V
W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ~ #j &.
>`-V `-9`-#e`-V9`-f`-`-"cd%! "pd&
3 Gd%<41%! ( )#j & *W%n(&
%V "{

Declension of #e` ([-{G`-2)


`- -(W`-)!U*-\]&

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 #e`&

S1

The rest is like v_9`.

222
5`"#$%& [. 5`.

[-*%9% -{G`"#$& (3) {G`

^ x \])_%Vdj&
`x 6.1.64 f%%W4& 1& )& , ( -) "("<|% %d4 ( x"<"|*% %d&17
` x + a 3 (h- 4.167) `%dV4a? 3
3 9
`+ (>%-) "2)%< %?Wp%" 4 # &
3 9
+ 6.1.66 #j j j>?"#
L%"V "W*)!U% 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*< 3
5 + ` 3 3
4.1.15 "2 3- %-Zd) 3
-Wb 3
-<%Gn 3
-Vd 3 -3 -*
-* 3 -9
3 & ~ ` 3
3 [
5+ 6.4.148 d4"V n ~ p #j &
{G`
(W`)!U% 1.4.3 dF %%_ (W`

[LSK] {G` 1/1


{G` + ) 5
{G` 3
6.1.68 Q#%j 3 "V
W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ~ #j &.
[LSK] Q4 "{G S1/1
{G` + ) 5
"{G + ) 3 7.3.107 }%0(? j?o&
"{G 3 ^4& ~ #j &
6.1.69 3 o%V )}

{G` + y
? >?W`T ? is negated by 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n, and 6.1.77 S*j d"n is L%. Then the
Here, >F )
next stra comes.

17
"("<| (of the cause) 3
%d& (removal) "("<|% %d&, V"( )"V ( x"<"|* (of the effect) " %d&
When the cause is removed, the effect is also gone.

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[">"f)FG<]3 6.4.79 "{Gd%& ~ Sd 3 "n


{G`, when followed by n, 3 is changed into "{Gd. 3 (The last letter is replaced by Sd.)3

6 7
5` n3 Ld

1
Sd 3

"{Gd%& 6/1 ~ Sd 3 1/1 "n 7/1


1 word in the )FG; 2 words as (>t"|
"{Gd%& 6/1 L%"V "W* {G`; in %(d4 jv% 1`.
3 decided as the last single letter by 1.1.53 ".
Sd 3 1/1 Being "V, 3 %"(( is
"n 7/1 In 9)<`. In this $- "f*%9, $ implies Ld4. By VW%"W">"f, %"W-Ld4
is understood.

[LSK] 6/1 Sd 3 1/1 %V III/1


3 %W_ 7/1 Ld4 7/1 94 7/1
Sd 3 is the substitute in the place of the last letter of {G`-\], when a suffix beginning
3
with n follows.
[LSK] "{Gd_ 1/2
{G` + y
3 y
"{Gd + 6.4.79 "{Gd%& ~ Sd 3 "n, after negating 6.1.102 by 6.1.105,
and 6.1.77 by this stra.
[LSK] "{Gd& 1/3
{G` + ) 3
3
"{Gd + )3 6.4.79 "{Gd%& ~ Sd 3 "n

{G` + < 3
Now 6.1.107 "< >F &? is L%. Then the next stra comes.

224
5`"#$%& [. 5`.

[">"f)FG<]3 6.4.80 >%\)j& ~ "{Gd%& Sd 3


3 \), 3 is optionally changed into "{Gd. 3 (The last letter is
{G`, when followed by < or
replaced by Sd.)3
6 7
5` 3
</\) 3

1
Optional
Sd 3

>% 0 <-\)j&
3 7/2
~ "{Gd%& 6/1 Sd 3 1/1
2 words in the )FG; 2 words as (>t"|
>% 0 Sd-3 OW4\ is optional.
3
<-\)j& 3 2/1 and \) of
7/2 < of 3 2/3; in 9)<`.

"{Gd%& 6/1 L%"V "W* {G`; in %(d4 jv% 1`.


3 decided as the last single letter by 1.1.53 ".
Sd 3 1/1 Being "V, 3 %"(( is

[LSK] "< 7/1 \") 7/1 n 0 "{Gd%& 6/1 Sd 3 1/1 >% 0 %V III/1
3
3 \) 3
Sd 3 is optionally the substitute in the place of the last letter of {G`, when < or
follows.
[LSK] "{Gd< 2/1
3 , {G`< 2/1
3

{G` + < 3
3
"{Gd + <3 6.4.80 >%\)j& ~ Sd 3 "{Gd%&
"{Gd< 3
4
{G`< 3 6.1.107 "< >F &?
[LSK] "{Gd& 2/3, 5`& 2/3
{G` + \) 3
3
"{Gd + )3 6.4.80 >%\)j& ~ Sd 3 "{Gd%&
4
{G`) 3 ? >?& ~ W`T&?
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
5`&

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[LSK] "{Gd% 3/1


{G` + %
3 O
"{Gd + 6.4.79 "{Gd%& ~ Sd 3 "n

Even though {G`-\] is Sd-3 %(, the word which has %( for Sd-3 OW4\, (W`-)!U%
3
does not become optional when "V follows by 1.4.6 ""V o because this option
excludes {G`-\].
[LSK] "{Gd x 4/1 "{Gd%& 5/1, 6/1
{G` + 4
{G` + O 3 + 7.3.112 O(%&
{G` + w 6.1.90 O
3 w
"{Gd + 6.4.79 "{Gd%& ~ Sd 3 "n

[LSK] 9%V 5/1


3 ( 1/1
3 {G`%< 6/3
3
3
When O< follows, ">L"V14f between 6.4.79 "{Gd%& ~ Sd 3 "n and 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3
happens. Being 9, ( 3-Ov< is taken. After ( 3-Ov<, the Ld is not %"W anymore, thus Sd 3
will not come back.
{G` + O< 3
3 O< 3 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3
{G` + ( +
{G` + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ( ? >V)3

{G`%< 3 8.4.2 3*% >%d4" ~ (& &
[LSK] {G`1 7/3

226
5`"#$%& [. 5`.

Declension of {G` ([-{G`-3)


(W`-)!U*-[*%9% -\]&

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


{G` + ) 5 {G` + y {G` + ) 3
1 {G` 6.1.68 "{Gd_ 6.4.79 "{Gd) 3 6.4.79
"{Gd& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
{G` + ) 5
S1 "{G + ) 3 7.3.107 same as above same as above
"{G 6.1.69
{G` + < 3 {G` + \) 3
2 "{Gd< 3 6.4.80 same as above "{Gd& 6.4.80, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
{G`< 3 6.1.107 5`& 6.1.102, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
{G` + % {G` + %< 3 {G` + "p) 3
3
"{Gd% 6.4.79 {G`%< 3 {G`"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
{G` + 4 {G` + ) 3
{G` + O 3 7.3.112 {G`& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
4 same as above
{G` + w 6.1.90
"{Gd x 6.4.79
{G` + ")5
3
{G` + O 3 ) 7.3.112
5 {G` + O) 3 6.1.90 same as above same as above
"{Gd%) 3 6.4.79
"{Gd%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
{G` + u) 3 {G` + O< 3
6 same as above 3 u) 3 6.4.79
"{Gd + 3
{G` + ( O< 3 7.1.54
"{Gdj& 8.2.66, 8.3.15 {G`%< 3 6.4.3, 8.4.2
{G` + " {G` + ) 3
{G` + O< 3 7.3.116 {G`1 8.3.59
7 {G` + O 3 O< 3 7.3.112 same as above
{G` + O< 3 6.1.90
"{Gd%< 3 6.4.79
When %"W-Ld follows, Sd-3 OW4\ by 6.4.79 "{Gd%& ~ Sd.3
In 2/1 and 2/3, Sd 3 is optional by 6.4.80 >%\)j& ~ Sd.3
The other option is >F 3
? < and ? >?W`T&? .
>F )
In 6/3, being 9, ( 3 takes precedence to Sd.3

227
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[-*%9% -{G`"#$& (4) c`

c` (LakRm) is a f%V- >d>-[-ending word, thus 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ is


applicable when %"W-Ld follows. This makes the word c` Sd>%(, the word which
has %( for Sd 3 and h>.3 Being Sd>%(, (W`-)!U% is denied by 1.4.4 (d4 >%(%>{G`, but
3
gets optional (W`-)!U% when O< follows 3
by 1.4.5 >%"< and when "V follows by 1.4.6 ""V
o.
3 %(, such as c`
(W`-)!U% for Sd>
As a general rule, (W`-)!U% is negated by 1.4.4 (d4 >%(%>{G`

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

S1

4 Optional (W`-)!U%
by 1.4.6 ""V
5
o
6 Optional (W`-)!U% by1.4.5 >%"<

The only place where (W`-)!U*%d? is always negated is S1/1, 7.3.107 }%0 ?(j?o&

Summary of (W` and "T-)!U% section

)FG< 3 )!U% )!U% is given for

1.4.3 dF %%Y_ (W` (W`-)!U% to all ">p" (W`, v_9`, {G`

1.4.4 (d4 >%(%>{G` Prohibition of (W`-)!U% c`, f`, p`

1.4.5 >%"< Optional (W`-)!U% in O< 3 ditto

1.4.6 - A ""V o Optional (W`-)!U% in "Vs3 ditto

1.4.6 - B ""V o Optional (W`-)!U% in "Vs3 <"V, a"^

1.4.7 \41j $)"Y "T-)!U% Q"9, v "V

228
5`"#$%& [. 5`.

"c )4 3
3 >%d%< (1U) to resort to
3 " 3
"c + (h- 2.58) ""nLC%dV*L c`%! W`T) )%9! n
3 suffixed
" is
c` (h- 2.58) ""nLC%dV*L c`%! W`T) )%9! n
f%V- >d> S is elongated.

Not being `-ending, )-5 #j does not apply.


[LSK] c`& 1/1
c` + ) 5
c`& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
[ of c` is f%V- >d>. Thus 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ is >%W to other sandhis.
[LSK] "cd_ 1/2
c` + y
3 y
"cd + 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ , after negating 6.1.102 by 6.1.105, and 6.1.77
[LSK] "{Gd_ 1/3
c` + ) 3
3
"cd + )3 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ , after negating 6.1.102 by 6.1.105, and 6.1.77

229
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

["(14f)FG<]3 3 %(%>{G` ~ dF %%_ (W`


1.4.4 (4d>
3 h> 3 OW4\, other than {G`.
(W`-)!U% is not given to words which take Sd/

( 0 Sd>%(_ 1/2 {G` 1/1 ~ dF 1/2 %%_ 1/2 (W` 1/1


3 words in the )FG; 3 words as (>t"|
( 0 (W`-)!U% is prohibited.
3 h> 3 OW4\ (by 6.4.77, etc.) such as c`; Sd 3 n
Sd>-3 %(_ 1/2 L%"V "W*s which take Sd/
h> 3 n Sd>_ (ID) Sd>j& %(! ddj& V_ Sd>-3 %(_ (116B) Words which have %(
(= %"((s)3 for Sd/
3 h> 3 OW4\.

{G` 1/1 ( {G` {G` (NT) This is to exclude L%"V "W* {G` from this "(14f. Thus {G`
always gets (W`-)!U%.
dF 1/2 [& n l& n dF (ID). This is adjective to %%_, thus VW ">"f is applied.
%%_ 1/2 "({G`"#$, the word which appears only in feminine, is to be understood.
3
"(! "{Gd< On%V4 S"V %%_ The words which always indicate feminine are called
%%_. In other words, the words always found in dictionary as feminine.
(W` 1/1 This is )!U%; this is artificial name.

[LSK] Sd>j& 6/2 ""V& 1/1 ddj& 6/2 V_ 1/2 [V_ 1/2 (W`)!U_ 1/2 ( 0 & III/2, ( 0 V 0 {G` 1/1
3 h> 3 OW4\ do not gain (W`-)!U%,
[/l-ending "({G`"#$ words which have %( for Sd/
excluding the word {G`.

Because there is no (W`-)!U%, 7.2.107 }%0 ?(j?o&is not applicable.


[LSK] Q4 c`& S1/1
c` + ) 5
c`& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

230
5`"#$%& [. 5`.

3
When "V follows, optional (W`-)!U% is available by 1.4.6 ""V o.
[LSK] "cd x 4/1
c` + 4
c` + O 3 + 7.3.112 O(%&
c` + w 6.1.90 O ~ >t"^&
3 w
"cd + 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_
(W`-)!U%- p%>- 4
[LSK] "cd4 4/1
c` + 4
3
"cd + 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_
[LSK] "cd%& 5/1, 6/1
c` + ")5
c` + O 3 + ) 3 7.3.112 O(%&
c` + O) 3 6.1.90 O ~ >t"^&
3 O) 3
"cd + 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_
(W`-)!U%- p%>- 4
[LSK] "cd& 5/1, 6/1
c` + ")5
3
"cd + )3 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_
"cd& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

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["(14f)FG<]3 1.4.5 >%"< ~ Sd>


3 %(_ dF %%_ (W` {G`

3 h> 3 OW4\, other than {G`, when


(W`-)!U% is optionally given to words which take Sd/
3
O< follows

>% 0 O"< 7/1 ~ dF 1/2 %%_ 1/2 (W` 1/1 Sd>%(_ 1/2 {G` 1/1
2 words in the )FG; 5 words as (>t"|
>% 0 (W`-)!U% is optional.
3
O"< 7/1 The ) -Ld 3 6/3; in 9)<`.
O< of
Sd>-3 %(_ 1/2 As commented above.
{G` 1/1 As commented above.
dF 1/2 As commented above.
%%_ 1/2 As commented above.
(W` 1/1 This is )!U%.

3 %(_ 1/2 %%Y_ 1/2 dF 1/2 O"< 7/1 >% 0 (W`)!U_ 1/2 & III/2, ( 0 V 0 {G` 1/1
[LSK] Sd>
3 h> 3 OW4\ optionally gain
[/l-ending "({G`"#$ words which have %( for Sd/
3
(W`-)!U%, excluding the word {G`, when O< follows.

[LSK] c`%<, 3 "cd%< 6/3


3

(W`-)!U%- 4
c` + O< 3
3 O< 3 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3
c` + ( +
c` + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"<( ? >V)3

c` + %< 3 8.4.2 % >%d4"
(W`-)!U%- p%>- 4
3 O< 3
"cd + 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_

232
5`"#$%& [. 5`.

[LSK] "cd%<, 3 "c"d 7/3


(W`-)!U%- 4
c` + "
c` + O< 3 7.3.116 4 9% % `&
c` + O 3 + O< 3 7.3.112 O(%&
c` + O< 3 6.1.90 O ~ >t"^&
3 O< 3
"cd + 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_
(W`-)!U%- p%>- 4
3 S
"cd + 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_

Declension of c` ([-{G`-4)
3 %(-"({G`"#$-[*%9% -\]&
Sd>

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 c`& "cd_ "cd&

S1 same as above same as above same as above

2 "cd< 3 same as above same as above

3 "cd% c`%< 3 c`"p&

4 "cd x/"cd4 1.4.4 same as above c`&

5 "cd%&/"cd& 1.4.4 same as above same as above

6 same as above "cdj& 3


c`%</"cd%< 3 1.4.5

7 3
"cd%</"c"d 1.4.4 same as above c`1

3
When "V and 3
O< follow, (W`-)!U% is optional by 1.4.6 ""V o and by1.4.5 >%"<,
respectively.
Where there is no (W`-)!U%, it declines like )c` in masculine.

In this manner, f%V- >d>-[ending feminine word such as f` (intellect), ` (humility),


p` (fear) decline.

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h-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) f4(

[LSK] f4(& 1/1 <"V>V 03


f4( (milk yielding cow) declines exactly like <"V.

Declension of f4( (h-{G`-1)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


f4(& 8.2.66, 8.3.15 f4( F 6.1.102 f4(>& 7.3.109, 6.1.78,
1
8.2.66, 8.3.15
S1 f4(j 7.3.108, 6.1.69 same as above same as above
f4(< 3 6.1.107 f4(&F 6.1.102,
2 same as above
8.2.66, 8.3.15
3 f4 % 6.1.77 f4(%< 3 f4("p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

f4 x 7.3.112, f4(>4 7.3.111, 6.1.78 f4(& 8.2.66, 8.3.15


4 6.1.90, same as above
6.1.77
f4 %& 7.3.112, 6.1.90, f4(j& 7.3.111, 6.1.110,
5 6.1.77, 8.2.66, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 same as above same as above
8.3.15
f4 j& 6.1.77, f4((F %< 3 7.1.54, 6.4.3
6 same as above same as above
8.2.66, 8.3.15
f4 %< 3 7.3.116, f4(_ 7.3.119, 7.3.119, f4(1 8.3.59
7 7.3.112, 6.1.88 same as above
6.1.90, 6.1.77
3
When "V follows, (W`-)!U% is given by 1.4.6 ""V o .
The rest declines like \i except for 2/3.

234
5`"#$%& h. 5`.

h-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) Hjk

[ "VW4\)FG<]3 7.1.96 "{Gd%! n ~ Hjk& VtFV 3


3
The word Hjk is treated like a Vtn-ending word in feminine also.

"{Gd%< 7/1
3 n 0 ~ VtFV 03 Hjk& 1/1

2 words in the )FG; 2 words as (>t"|


3
"{Gd%< 7/1 In feminine.
n 0 Also
3 VtFV 03 , the same as Vtn. 3 Because of ( -) LdQ4 VW Q< ,
VtFV 03 Vtn% 3/1 V< 1/1 3
3
Vtn-ending is understood.
Hjk& 1/1 This is the subject of this )FG. Together with VtFV, 3 the sentence is Hjk is like,
3
same as a Vtn-ending word.

[LSK] {G`>%n` 1/1 Hjk\]& 1/1 Vt >W 3- < 2/1


3 #pV4 III/1

Feminine the word Hjk gains the form which is like ending with Vtn. 3

Declension of Hjk (h-{G`-2)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 HjK` Hjc_ Hjc&

S1 same as above same as above same as above

2 HjK`< 3 same as above HjK`&

3 Hjc% HjK`%< 3 HjK`"p&

4 Hjc x same as above HjK`&

5 Hjc%& same as above same as above

6 same as above HjKj& HjK`%< 3

7 Hjc%< 3 same as above HjK`1

Being a `-ending "({G`"#$ word, HjK` declines exactly like v_9`

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[">"f)FG<]3 4.1.5 s4j ` 3 ~ "{Gd%< L%"V


3 "W*4 &
3
A short s-ending word, and (-ending 3
word takes ` when in feminine.

5 1
feminine s/( 3 3
` -Ld

4 & 5/3 ` 1/1


3
sV-( 3 ~ L%"V "W*4 & 5/3 "{Gd%< 7/1
3 (Ld& 1/1 9& 1/1 n 0)

2 words in the )FG; 2 words as (>t"|


3
sV-( 4 & 5/3 sW& n (%& n s%& (ID), V4& This is adjective to L%"V "W*4 &, thus VW ">"f
is applied, resulting in After sV/( 3
3 -ending L%"V "W*s.
3
` 1/1 This is suffix, being )<%(%"f*9 to Ld& 1/1, and 9& 1/1 n 0.
3
"{Gd%< 7/1 In feminine.
3 >n(-"> "9%< is done to match with s4&.
L%"V "W*4 & 5/3 From 4.1.1 %%"V "W*%V .
Connected to 9&, this is in "Wzdjv4 <`

4 & 5/3 (%
[LSK] sW 4 & 5/3 n 0 "{Gd%< 7/1
3 ` 1/1
3
3 suffixed after sV-ending
In feminine, 2` is 3 3
or (-ending word.

Hjk
Hjkt 7.1.96 "{Gd%! n ~ Hjk& VtFV 3
Hjkt + 2` 3 4.1.5 s4j ` 3 ~ "{Gd%< L%"V
3 "W*4 &
HjK 3 + [ 6.1.77 S*j d"n
HjK`

[LSK] HjK` 1/1 v_9`>V 03


Being a `-ending "({G`"#$ word, HjK` declines exactly like v_9`.

236
5`"#$%& l. 5`.

l-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) >fF

l-ending {G`"#$ words decline like v_9`. The only difference is 1/1 since it is not `
3
or O -ending.
In #T")^% *_<W`, this word is not introduced. Only "`*%9 mentions in the context
of v_9`>V3 in the previous paradigm.

Declension of >fF (l-{G`-1)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 >fF& > _ > &

S1 Q4 >f same as above same as above

2 >fF< 3 same as above >fF&

3 > % >fF%< 3 >fF"p&

4 > x same as above >fF&

5 > %& same as above same as above

6 same as above > j& >fF(%< 3

7 > %< 3 same as above >fF1

3
By not being ` or O -ending, )-5 #j does not happen
3 "V
by 6.1.68 Q%j W`T%?V ) t ! Q#3 ~ #j &.
The rest declines exactly like v_9`

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l-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) ~F

~< 3 (>%( 4 (4P) to wander


3 2F&
~< + (h- 2.69) ~<4 2F&
3 l
~+ (>%-) "2)%< %?W 3 p%" 4 # &
~F
Even though it is y%"W*Ld-l-ending, and not being f%V- >d>-l-ending, h>-3
OW4\ is applicable because this particular word is specially mentioned in 6.4.77 "n
f%V~>%! @j"9da_ .

[LSK] ~F& 1/1 c`>V 03


3 %(, ~F declines exactly like c`.
Being Sd>

Declension of ~F (l-{G`-2)
3 %(-"({G`"#$-l*%9% -\]&
Sd>

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 ~F& ~>_ ~>&

S1 same as above same as above same as above

2 ~>< 3 same as above same as above

3 ~>% ~F%< 3 ~F"p&

4 ~>x/~>4 1.4.4 same as above ~F&

5 ~>%&/~>& 1.4.4 same as above same as above

6 same as above ~>j& 3 >%< 3 1.4.5


~F%</~

7 3 "> 1.4.4
~>%</~ same as above ~F1

The entire declension is exactly like c`.


3
When "V and 3
O< follow, (W`-)!U% is optional
by 1.4.6 ""V o and by 1.4.5 >%"<, respectively.

238
5`"#$%& l. 5`.

l-*%9% -{G`"#$& (3) odiF

3
od< p>"V S"V odiF& One who exists by itself is odiF.
3 pF )|%d%< (1P)
od< + 3 to be + " 3 3.2.76 " n
3
3 pF + > 3 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ~ * 3
od< +
3 pF
od< + 6.1.67 >49
t ~ #j &
L%"V "W*-)!U% by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*<. 3

[LSK] odiF& 1/1 >! V 03


odiF is ending with f%V- >d>-l*%9. Not being "({G`"#$\], it is (W`. Thus it
declines exactly like opF in masculine. Being derived from pF f%V, it is subject to 6.4.85 (
pF)"fdj&.

Declension of odiF (l-{G`-3)


3 %(-l*%9% -\]&
Sd>

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 odiF& odi>_ odi>&

S1 same as above same as above same as above

2 odi>< 3 same as above same as above

3 odi>% odiF%< 3 odiF"p&

4 odi>4 same as above odiF&

5 odi>& same as above same as above

6 same as above odi>j& odi>%< 3

7 odi"> same as above odiF1

The entire declension is exactly like opF in masculine.


When %"WLd follows, 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9da_ is applied
after negating 6.4.83 u& )" by to 6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj&.

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

s-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) o)t

o)t (sister), being sW , 4.1.5 s4j ` 3 is L%, which is negated by the next stra.

["(14f)FG<]3 3 "{
4.1.10 ( 1 3o %"W& ~ ` % 3 Gd%< 3

3
Feminine suffixes ` and 3
% are not applied to 1 3-)!U* words and words in o)t-
O"Wv.

( 0 1 3-o)t-O"W& 5/3 ~ ` 1/1


3 % 1/1
3 "{Gd%< 7/1
3

2 words in the )FG; 3 words as (>t"|


( 0 Prohibiting {G`Lds.
1 3-o)t-O"W& 5/3 1 3 n o)t-OWd& n 1 3-o)t-OWd& (ID), V4&
3
` 1/1 This is suffix.
3
% 1/1 This is suffix, from 4.1.4 %Vk% .3
3
"{Gd%< 7/1 In feminine.

3 _ 1/2 ( 0 & III/2


[LSK] ` -%
3
` and 3
% are prohibited to 1 3-)!U* words and o)t-O"W-v.

1 3 is )!U% defined by 1.1.24 % % 1 3 and 1.1.25 2"V n. 1 3-)!U* words are: (, 3 11, 3
)(, 3 k(, 3 (>(, 3 W\(, 3 and *"V.
Members of o)t-O"W-v are told in the following loka:
o)% "V V ((%<% &"QV% V0%
d%V% <%V4"V ) xV4 o %Wd hW%V%&
1. o)t (sister), 2. "V)t (three, OW4\ in feminine), 3. nV)t (four, OW4\ in feminine), 4.
((%P (sister of ones husband), 5. &"QVt (daughter), 6. d%Vt (wife of the brother of ones
husband), 7. <%Vt (mother)

3 (, 3 will
These 1 3-)!U* words and o)t etc. words, even though they end with sV or
3 % because
not be suffixed with ` or 3 of this "(14f)FG.

240
5`"#$%& s. 5`

Since o)t is specially mentioned in 6.4.11 t It o)t(t(k4 t kt|tQjVt jVtL\%%< 3 ~


3
h f%d%& W`T&? )}^_ )>?(%<%( 4, it declines like f%Vt, a Vtn-ending masculine word, except for
2/3.

[LSK] o)% 1/1


o)t + ) 5 1/1
3 ) 3 7.1.94 s&\(W!)j(Q4 )%! n ~ ( 3 )_ )}^_, with the help of 1.1.53 "
o) 3 ( +
3
o) O( 3 ) 3 6.4.11 t It o)t(t(k4 t kt|tQjVt jVtL\%%< 3 ~ h f%d%& W`T&? )}^_ )>?(%<%( 4
+
3
o) O( 3 3 "V
6.1.68 Q%j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ~ #j &
3
o) O 8.2.7 (#j & L%"V "W*%
f%V%
[LSK] o)%9_ 1/2
o)t + y
o) 3 9 3+ y 7.3.110 sVj ")>?(%<%(dj& ~ $ v&, with the help of 1.1.51 h9 93 9&
3
o) O9 3+ y 6.4.11 t It o)t(t(k4 t kt|tQjVt jVtL\%%< 3 ~ h f%d%& W`T&? )}^_ )>?(%<%( 4

o)%9_

Declension of o)t (s-{G`-1)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


o)% 7.1.94, 6.4.11, o)%9_ 7.3.110, 6.4.11 o)%9& 7.3.110, 6.4.11
1
6.1.68, 8.2.7
S1 o)& 7.3.110, 6.1.68 same as above same as above

2 o)%9< 3 7.3.110, 6.4.11 same as above o)& 6.1.102, 8.2.66, 8.3.15

3 o % 6.1.77 o)t%< 3 o)t"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

4 o 4 6.1.77 same as above o)t& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

o)& 6.1.111, 1.1.51,


5 same as above same as above
8.2.24, 8.3.15
6 same as above o j& 6.1.77 o)%< 3 7.1.54, 6.4.3, >%-

7 o)"9 7.3.110 same as above o)t1 8.3.59

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

s-*%9% -{G`"#$& (2) <%Vt

[LSK] <%V% 1/1 " Vt>V 03 \") 7/1 <%VF& 2/3


<%Vt (mother), being in o)t-O"W-v, does not take ` . 3 Since it is not counted in 6.4.11
3 h f%-W`T ? does not happen in )>?(%<%(. Thus the
t It o)t(t(k4 t kt|tQjVt jVtL\%%< ,
declension is like " Vt, except for 2/3.

Declension of <%Vt (s-{G` -2)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


<%V% 7.1.94, 6.4.8 <%V9_ 7.3.110 <%V9& 7.3.110
1
6.1.68, 8.2.7
S1 <%V& 7.3.110, 6.1.68 same as above same as above

2 <%V9< 3 7.3.110 same as above <%V& 6.1.102, 8.2.66, 8.3.15

3 <%G% 6.1.77 <%Vt%< 3 <%Vt"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

4 <%G4 6.1.77 same as above <%Vt& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

<%V& 6.1.111, 1.1.51,


5 same as above same as above
8.2.24, 8.3.15
6 same as above <%Gj& 6.1.77 <%V%< 3 7.1.54, 6.4.3, >%-

7 <%V"9 7.3.110 same as above <%Vt1 8.3.59

The entire declension is like " Vt except for 2/3

242
5`"#$%& s. 5`

u-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) j

3
V W`_ (1P) to shine + 2j By the a%b of (h- 2.68) v<42&
3 u
+
j
[LSK] _& 1/1 vj>V 03
j (sky) declines like vj.
3 7.1.90 vjVj "V 3 ~ )>?(%<%(<, 3 thus 7.2.115 nj ""V ~
)>?(%<%( becomes "ZV by
>t"^& is applied on $.
3
In < and \), 3 O-OW4\ on $ by 6.1.93 yVj\)j& ~ "n >F ? 9dj& *& )!"QV%d%<. 3

j + ) 5 1/1
j + ) 3 7.1.90 vjVj "V 3 ~ )>?(%<%(< 3
_ + ) 3 7.2.115 nj ""V ~ >t"^&, with 1.1.52 #j
_& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

Declension of j (u-{G`-1)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


_& 7.1.90, 7.2.115, %>_ 7.1.90, 7.2.115, %>& 7.1.90, 7.2.115, 6.1.78,
1
8.2.66, 8.3.15 6.1.78 8.2.66, 8.3.15
S1 same as above same as above same as above

2 %< 3 6.1.93 same as above %& 6.1.93, 8.2.66, 8.3.15

3 >% 6.1.78 j%< 3 j"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

4 >4 6.1.78 same as above j& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

5 j& 6.1.110, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 same as above same as above

6 same as above >j& 6.1.78, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 >%< 3 6.1.78

7 "> 6.1.78 same as above j1 8.3.59

The entire declension is exactly like vj

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

w-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) 9x

[LSK] 9%& 1/1 >! V 03


9x (wealth) is exactly like in masculine.
When Q#%"W-Ld follows, O-OW4\ by 7.2.85 9%dj Q"# ~ O ">p_. On the other hand,
when 3 \ by 6.1.78 njd>%d%>& .
%"W-Ld follows, Od-OW4

Declension of 9x (w-{G`-1)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


9%& 7.2.85, 9%d_ 6.1.78 9%d& 6.1.78, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
1
8.2.66, 8.3.15
S1 same as above same as above same as above

2 9%d< 3 6.1.78 same as above same as above

3 9%d% 6.1.78 9%%< 3 7.2.85 9%"p& 7.2.85, 8.2.66, 8.3.15

4 9%d4 6.1.78 same as above 9%& 7.2.85, 8.2.66, 8.3.15

5 9%d& 6.1.78, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 same as above same as above

6 same as above 9%dj& 6.1.78, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 9%d%< 3 6.1.78

7 9%"d 6.1.78 same as above 9%)

The entire declension is exactly like in masculine

244
5`"#$%& s. 5`.

y-*%9% -{G`"#$& (1) (_

(W"V L49d"V S"V (_ (boat)


W 3 L494 (6P) to push, incite, remove
(W 3 6.1.65 j (& ~ f%%W4&
(W 3 + 2_ (h- 2.65) z#%("W%! 2_&
3 y
(+ (>%-) "2)%<? %?W 3 p%" 4 # &
(_ 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*< 3

[LSK] (_ 1/1 z#_>V 03


(_ declines like z#_ in masculine.

Declension of (_ (y-{G`-1)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 (_& 8.2.66, 8.3.15 (%>_ 6.1.78 (%>& 6.1.78, 8.2.66, 8.3.15

S1 same as above same as above same as above

2 (%>< 3 6.1.78 same as above same as above

3 (%>% 6.1.78 (_%< 3 (_"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

4 (%>4 6.1.78 same as above (_& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

5 (%>& 6.1.78, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 same as above same as above

6 same as above (%>j& 6.1.78, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 (%>%< 3 6.1.78

7 (%"> 6.1.78 same as above (_1 8.3.59

[LSK] S"V 0 {G`"#$%& 1/3


Thus ends the section of vowel-ending feminine words.

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

0% ! *"#$%&
( )

! *"#$\]s are divided into two types: general and )>?(%<. Under )>?(%<,
-ending ( )
there is one sub-category.

1. General U%(, V<


2. )>?(%< )>?, *V9
2V9%"Wv 1. 2V9 (*V9, dV9, VV9)
2. 2V< (*V<, dV<, VV<, *V<)
3.
4. V9
5. SV9

! *"#$& (1) U%(


-*%9% -( )

U% >ajf( 4 (9P) to know + 3 3.3.115 3 n ~ p%>4, etc.


U%( 6.1.101 *& )> W`T&?
1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*< 3

246
! *"#$%&
( ) O. (.

[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.24 Vj< 3 ~ $%V (3 )! *%V o<j&


3
3
) 5 and < are 3
replaced by < when preceded by -ending neuter $.

5 6
! *
$ in ( ) V3 5 <3
)/

1
<3

V& 5/1 < 1/1


3 ~ $%V 5/1 ! *%V 5/1
3 ( ) 3 )-5 <j& 6/2

2 words in the )FG; 3 words as (>t"|


V& 5/1 This is adjective to $%V. 3 With VW ">"f, it results in W %V 3 $%V.3
< 3 1/1 This is OW4\. By 1.1.55 (* 3 , it can replace the entire %"((. 3
4 %"V )>?
$%V 35/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $. ">p""> "9%< takes place as Ld is to be
replaced. Note that from 7.1.1 to 7.1.57, Ld is to be modified.
! *%V 35/1 From 7.1.23 o<j( ? )
( ) 3
! *%V This is adjective to $%V. 3
)-5 <j& 6/2 From 7.1.23 o<j( ? ) 3 )d ) 5 of 1/1 and < of
! *%V ; 3 2/1; in %( 4djv% 1`.

[LSK] V& 5/1 $%V 5/1


3 `a%V 5/1
3 )- <j& 6/2 < 1/1
3
3 the substitute in the place of ) and < after
< is 3 -ending neuter $.
[LSK] "< >F &? (6.1.107) U%(< 1/1
3

U%( + ) 5
U%( + < 3 7.1.24 Vj< 3 ~ $%V (3 ) 3
! *%V o<j&
U%(< 3 6.1.107 "< >F &? ~ *& )!"QV%d%< 3

3
[LSK] o%V (6.1.69) S"V 0 Q# 1/1
3 #j & 1/1 Q4 U%( S1/1
3 \ takes place first. After >F
Being 9, <-OW4 ? , the which is *-OW4\ is treated
like 3 ^4& , it is o% - $.
of >F ,? which is $. Thus, from the view of 6.1.69 o%V )}
U%( + ) 5
U%( + < 3 7.1.24 Vj< 3 ~ $%V (3 ) 3
! *%V o<j&
U%(< 3 6.1.107 "< >F &? ~ *& )!"QV%d%< 3
U%( 3 ^4& ~ #j &
6.1.69 o%V )}

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[">"f)FG<]3 ! *% ~ $%V y&


7.1.19 ( ) 3 \`
y is replaced by \` when preceded by neuter $.

5 6
! *
$ in ( ) y

1
\`

! *%V 5/1
( ) 3 n 0 ~ $%V 5/1
3 y& 6/1 \` 1/1

2 words in the )FG; 3 words as (>t"|


! *%V 35/1 This is adjective to $%V. 3
( )
n 0 This is to bring y& and \` from previous stras.
$%V 35/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $. ">p""> "9%< takes place as Ld is to be
replaced. Note that from 7.1.1 to 7.1.57, Ld is to be modified.
y& 6/1 From 7.1.18 y O &; in %(d4 jv% 1`.
3
\` 1/1 From 7.1.17 )& \`. This is OW4\. %"(( being 4 %"V 3
single letter, 1.1.55 (*
3 not SV letter
)>? is not required. Note that \ is 3 3
yet. It becomes SV only after
replacement, with the help of 1.1.56 %"(>W%W4\j"f_.

[LSK] `a%V 5/1


3 y& 6/1 \` 1/1 %V III/1
3
\` is the substitute in the place of y after $ in neuter.
[LSK] p-)!U%d%< 7/1
3

U%( + y 1/2
U%( + \` 7.1.19 ( ) 3
! *% ~ $%V y& \`
U%( + [ 1.3.8 #\V"^V4 ~ SV, 3 1.3.9 V #j &
p-)!U% for $ 1.4.18 d"n p< 3

248
! *"#$%&
( ) O. (.

[">"f)FG<]3 6.4.148 d4"V n ~ p V"^V4 #j &


S>? or >? at the end of p-)!U* $ is elided when followed by [ or V"^V-Ld.

6 7
p S>?/ >? [/V"^V

1
#j

d 6/1 ["V 7/1 n 0 ~ p 6/1 V"^V4 7/1 #j & 1/1


3 words in the )FG; 3 words as (>t"|
3
d 6/1 S& (S>?&) n & ( >?&) n d< (SD), V This is adjective to p, thus VW ">"f is
applied, resulting in S>?- >?- p.
["V 7/1 Since this is ">f`d<%(, the V 9*9 is for *%#"(d<. [*%9 in 9)<`.
n 0 This is to separate two 9-"("<|s, resulting in ["V or V"^V4.
p 6/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.4.129 p .
V"^V4 7/1 From 6.4.144 ("^V4.
#j & 1/1 From the previous stra. This is OW4\.

[LSK] [*%94 7/1 V"^V4 7/1 n 0 94 7/1 p 6/1 S>?- >?dj& 6/2 #j & 1/1
#j is the substitute in the place of the last letter of S>?/ >?-ending p-)!U* $
when followed by [ or V"^V-Ld.

U%( + y 1/2
U%( + \` 7.1.19 ( ) 3
! *% ~ $%V y& \`
U%( + [ 1.3.8 #\V"^V4 ~ SV, 3 1.3.9 V #j &
p-)!U% for $ 1.4.18 d"n p< 3
[LSK] S"V 0 V-#j
3 4 7/1 L%4 7/1
Now, U%(, >?-ending p is followed by [. #j of by 6.4.148 d4"V n is L%.
However, the next >%"V?* debars 6.4.148 d4"V n.

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

(>%"V?*<)3 y& d%! L"V14fj >%:&


The prohibition of elision taught by 6.4.148 d4"V n has to be said when \`, which
is OW4\ of y, is following.

y& 6/1 d%< 7/1


3 L"V14f& 1/1 >%:& 1/1

4 words in the >%"V?*


y& 6/1 Here, in the place of y is understood.
d%< 37/1 L%"V "W* \` in 9)<`; When \` is following.
L"V14f& 1/1 Prohibition of #j enjoined by 6.4.148 d4"V n.
3 dV; 3 has to be said. >%"V?**%9 points that L"V14f of #j should have
>%:& 1/1 >n +
been said with reference to 6.4.148 d4"V n.

[LSK] U%( 4 1/2


U%( + y 1/2
U%( + \` 7.1.19 ( ) 3
! *% ~ $%V y& \`
U%( + [ 1.3.8 #\V"^V4 ~ SV, 3 1.3.9 V #j &
p-)!U% for $ 1.4.18 d"n p< 3
6.4.148 d4"V n is L%, but negated by (>%"V?*<)3 y& d%! L"V14fj >%:& .
U%( 4 ? >?& by 6.1.104 (%"W"n .
6.1.87 O& ~ "n, after negating 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )

250
! *"#$%&
( ) O. (.

[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.20 \)j& "\& ~ ( )! *%V 3


3
) and 3
\) are replaced by "\ when preceded by neuter $.

5 6
! *
$ in ( ) 3
)/\) 3

1
"\

\)j& 6/2 "\ 1/1 ~ ( )


! *%V 5/1
3

2 words in the )FG; 1 word as (>t"|


3
\)j& 6/2 ) (1/3) 3
n \) (2/3) n \)_ (ID), Vdj&; in %(d4 jv% 1`.
"\ 1/1 Being (* 3 replaced by 1.1.55 (*
4 %#,3 the entire %"(( is 3 . Note that
4 %"V )>?
3 not SV letter
\ is 3 yet. Only after replacement, with the help of 1.1.56 %"(>W%W4\j"f_.
( ) 3
! *%V 5/1 ! *% ; in >F ? <`
From 7.1.19 ( )

[LSK] `a%V 5/1


3 (dj& 6/2 "\& 1/1 %V III/1
3
3
"\ is the substitute in the place of ) and 3
\) after $ in neuter.
U%( + ) 1/3
3

U%( + "\ 7.1.20 ! *%V 3


\)j& "\& ~ ( )
U%( + S 1.3.8 #\V"^V4 ~ SV, 3 1.3.9 V #j &
To be continued...

[)!U%)FG<]3 1.1.42 "\ )>?(%<%(< 3


3
"\, a substitute for ) and \) 3 in neuter is termed )>?(%<%(.

"\ 1/1 )>?(%<%(< 1/1


3

2 words in the )FG; no (>t"| is required.


3
"\ 1/1 This is )!U`. "\ is OW4\ for ) and 3 ( )
\) in ! *
3
)>?(%<%(< 1/1 This is )!U%.

[LSK] "\ S"V 0 VV 1/1


3 h-)!U< 1/1
3 %V III/1
3
"\ should become the one whose )!U% is said (as )>?(%<%().

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[">"f)FG<]3 ! * #n& ~ (< )>?


7.1.72 ( ) 3 (%<%(4
3
(<-Ov< 3
is attached to a #/3 n-ending neuter word when )>?(%<%( follows.

6 7
! *
( ) #/3 n 3 )>?(%<%(

1
3
(<-Ov<

! * 6/1 #-3 n& 6/1 ~ (< 1/1


( ) 3 )>?(%<%( 4 7/1

2 words in the )FG; 2 words as (>t"|


! * 6/1 In %(d4 jv% 1`.
( )
3 #< (SD),
#-3 n& 6/1 # 3 n n n 3 ! *, thus understood
V This is adjective to ( )
as # , ! * together with VW ">"f.
n( )
3
(< 1/1 This is Ov<. Being "<V, 3 the next "9p%1%)FG 1.1.46 "<Wnj% 9& is required.
)>?(%<%( 4 7/1 In 9)<`.

[LSK] # 6/1 6/1 n 0 `a 6/1 (< 1/1


3 %V III/1
3 )>?(%<%( 4 7/1
3 the augment for a #-ending
(< is 3 3
and n-ending neuter word when followed by
)>?(%<%(.

3 "<V because
(< is 3 3 SV by
the last < is 3 1.3.3 Q#< .
3 The next stra teaches where "<V-3

Ov< should be placed in the word presented in 6th case.

252
! *"#$%&
( ) O. (.

[ "9p%1%)FG<]3 1.1.47 "<Wnj%V 3 9& ~ &


3
"<V Ov< is placed after the last vowel of the entity to which Ov< is enjoined.

6
last
n3

1
3
"<V-Ov<

"<V 1/1
3 n& 6/1 %V 5/1
3 9& 1/1 ~ & 1/1
4 words in the )FG; 1 word as (>t"|
3
"<V 1/1 3 d
< SV 3 3
)& "<V (116B)
n& 6/1 L%Q%9& n, 3 in "(f%?94 1`; in *>n(< to
3 express %"V, the class of n; 3 among

all the vowels.


3
%V 5/1 3 in "Wzdjv4 <` to 9&.
4 p>& &, the last one, V%V ;
3
9& 1/1 )<%(%"f*9 to "<V-Ov<. 3 after the last vowel
Connecting all the words, "<V is
among all the vowels.
& 1/1 From 1.1.46 O _ "*V_ . This is to make sure that the Ov< is a part of the
entity. If only 9& is taken, it can be considered as a separate entity.

[LSK] n%< 6/3


3 <4 0 d& 1/1 & 1/1 V%V 5/1
3 9& 1/1 V 6/1 > 0 - >d>& 1/1 "<V 1/1
3 %V III/1
3
3
"<V-Ov< should be after the last vowel among all the vowels, and should be the end
part of that vowel.
[LSK] h f% 1/1 W`T&? 1/1 U%(%"( 1/3
U%( + ) 1/3
3

U%( + "\ 7.1.20 ! *%V 3


\)j& "\& ~ ( )
U%( + S 1.3.8 #\V"^V4 ~ SV, 3 1.3.9 V #j &
3 S
U%( ( + 3 (%<%( 4 with the help of 1.1.47 "<Wnj%V 3 9&
! * #n& ~ (< )>?
7.1.72 ( )
3 S
U%(%( + 6.4.8 )>?(%<%( 4 n%)}^_ ~ ( h f%d%& W`T&?
U%(%"(

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[LSK] (& 0 VZV 03


The second case follows the same way.
[LSK] \41< 1/1
3 >! V 03
The third case onwards declines like -ending masculine.
[LSK] >< 03 f(->(-#-OWd& 1/3
f(, etc., decline in the same manner.

Summary of declension of U%( ( -(-1)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


U%( + ) 5 U%( + y U%( + ) 3
U%( + < 3 7.1.24 U%( + \` 7.1.19 U%( + "\ 7.1.20
1
U%(< 3 6.1.107 U%( 4 6.1.87 3 S
U%(( + 7.1.72
U%(%"( 6.4.8
U%( + ) 5
U%( + < 3 7.1.24
S1 same as above same as above
U%(< 3 6.1.107
U%( 6.1.69
2 same as 1/1 same as above same as above

3 U%((4 U%(%%< 3 U%( x&

4 U%(%d same as above 4 &


U%(

5 3
U%(%V/U%(%W 3 same as above same as above

6 U%( U%(dj& U%(%(%< 3

7 U%( 4 same as above U%(14

The third case onwards declines like -ending masculine.

254
! *"#$%&
( ) O. (.

! *"#$& (2) *V9


-*%9% -( )

[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.25 W 32 3 2V9%"W& & ~ ( )! *4 & o<j&


3
) 5 and < are replaced by /2 3 when preceded by 2V9, etc. five types of L%"V "W*s of
)>?(%< in neuter.

5 6
! *
2V9 etc. in ( ) 5 <3
)/

1
W 32 3

/2 3 1/1 2V9-O"W& 5/3 & 5/3 ~ ( )


! *4 & 5/3 )-5 <j& 6/2
3 words in the )FG; 2 words as (>t"|
3 1.3.3 Q#< .
/2 3 1/1 This is OW4\. 2 3 is SV by 3 By 1.1.55 (* 3 , it can
4 %"V )>?
replace the entire %"((. 3
2V9-O"W& 5/3 2V9& O"W& d41%! V4 2V9%Wd& (116B). This type of ab `"Q)<%) is called
V)!">U%( because the member of the W%0 ? is seen in the )< W.
& 5/3 Starting from 2V9, 5 words in )>%?"Wv, which are:
1. 2V9-Ld-ending word (*V9, VV9, dV9, *V9)
2. 2V<-Ld-ending word (*V<, VV<, dV<, *V<)
3.
4. V9
5. SV9
! *4 & 5/1 From 7.1.23 o<j( ? )
( ) 3 ">p""> "9%< for matching with 2V9-O"W&.
! *%V .
)-5 <j& 6/2 From 7.1.23 o<j( ? ) 3 )d ) 5 of 1/1 and < of
! *%V ; 3 2/1; in %( 4djv% 1`.

[LSK] & 5/3 `a4& 5/3 )- <j& 6/2 /2 3-OW4\& 1/1 %V III/1
3
3
/2 3 is the substitute in the place of ) and < after 5 types of )>?(%< words in neuter.
*V9 + ) 5
*V9 + W 3 7.1.25 /2 3 2V9%"W& & ~ ( )
! *4 & o<j&
To be continued

255
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[">"f)FG<]3 6.4.143 4 & ~ "2"V p #j &


3
" part of p-)!U* $ is elided when followed by "2V-Ld.

6 7
p " 3
"2V-Ld

1
#j

4 & 6/1 ~ "2"V 7/1 p 6/1 #j & 1/1


1 word in the )FG; 3 words as (>t"|
4 & 6/1 L%"V "W* is ", defined as 1.1.64 nj%"W "; in %(d4 jv% 1`.
3
"2"V 7/1 2 3 SV d 3
)& "2V (116B), V"(;3 qualifying Ld4, which is understood by the
context p $.
p 6/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.4.129 p ; in )}4 1` to 4 &.
#j & 1/1 From 6.4.134 6j j(&. This is OW4\.

[LSK] "2"V 7/1 p 6/1 4 & 6/1 #j & 1/1


3
#j is the substitute in the place of " of p-)!U* $ when "2V-Ld follows.
[LSK] *V9V 1/1,
3 2/1, *V9W 31/1, 2/1

*V9 + ) 5
*V9 + W 3 7.1.25 /2 3 2V9%"W& & ~ ( )
! *4 & o<j&
*V9 3+ W 3 6.4.143 4 & ~ "2"V p #j &
*V9V 3 8.4.56 >%>)%( 4 n9 3
[LSK] *V94 1/2, 2/2 *V9%" 1/3, 2/3 Q4 *V9V S1/1
3 \41< 1/1
3 >! V 03
[LSK] >< 03 *V<V 1/1
3 SV9V 1/1
3 V 1/1
3 V9V 1/1
3

[LSK] V< 6/1 V 0 V<< 03 S"V > 0


V< is counted neither in 2V9%"W-v, nor )>%?"W-v, thus it declines like U%(.

256
! *"#$%&
( ) O. (.

Summary of declension of *V9 ( -(-2)


! *"#$-)>?(%<)!U*-\] in 2V9%"Wv
( )

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


*V9 + ) 5 *V9 + y *V9 + ) 3
*V9 + /2 3 7.1.25 *V9 + \` 7.1.19 *V9 + "\ 7.1.20
1
*V9 3+ W 3 6.4.143 *V94 6.1.87 3 S
*V9( + 7.1.72
3
*V9V/*V9W 3 8.4.56 *V9%" 6.4.8, 8.4.2
S1 same as above same as above same as above

2 same as 1/1 same as above same as above

3 *V94 *V9%%< 3 *V9x&

4 *V9 x same as above *V94&

5 3
*V9%V/*V9%W 3 same as above same as above

6 *V9 *V9dj& *V941%< 3

7 *V9"( 3 same as above *V941

The third case onwards declines like -ending masculine )>?(%<.

(>%"V?*<)3 *V9%"V14fj >&


The prohibition of /2 3-OW4\ after *V9 should have been told.

*V9%V 5/1
3 L"V14f& 1/1 >& 1/1

3 words in the >%"V?*


3 in >F ? <`.
*V9%V 3 5/1 * + 2V9 by 5.3.94 *% L%n%< ;
L"V14f& 1/1 Prohibition of /2 3 OW4\ enjoined by 7.1.25 /2 3 2V9%"W& & .
3 V; has to be said.
>& 1/1 >n +

[LSK] *V9< 1/1,


3 2/1

*V9 + ) 5
*V9 + < 3 After 7.1.25 /2 3 2V9%"W& & is negated by (>%"V?*<)3 *V9%"V14fj >& ,
7.1.24 Vj< 3 takes place.

257
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

*V9< 3 6.1.107 "< >F &? ~ *& *& >F ? 9dj& )!"QV%d%< 3

! *"#$& (1) c` %
O-*%9% -( )

"cd< 3 %"V S"V c` < (*


3 #<)3 That which protects wealth.

c` + % 94 + " 3
c` %

[">"f)FG<]3 ! *4 L%"V "W*


1.2.47 oj ( )
3
The last letter of n-ending neuter L%"V "W* should become short.

6
! *
L%"V "W* in ( ) n3

1
o

o& 1/1 ( )
! *4 7/1 L%"V "W* 6/1
3 words in the )FG; no (>t"| is required.
o& 1/1 This is OW4\. By hearing o, 1.2.28 n will come and it becomes
adjective to L%"V "W*, resulting in L%"V "W* with VW ">"f.
! *4 7/1 In ">1d)<`; in neuter.
( )
L%"V "W* 6/1 In %(d4 jv% 1`.

[LSK] 6/1 S"V 0 > 0


3
Only for n-ending word.
[LSK] c` < 1/1
3 U%(>V 03

After becoming a short -ending L%"V "W*, it declines exactly like U%(.
c` %
c` ! *4 L%"V "W*, with the help of 1.1.52 #j
1.2.47 oj ( )

258
! *"#$%&
( ) S. (.

! *"#$& (1) >%"9


S-*%9% -( )

3
>t >94 3 X (h-)
+ "n + 3

>%"9

[">"f)FG<]3 ! *%V 3 ~ * 3
7.1.23 o<j( ? )
There is * 3 elision for ) 5 and < when
3 preceded by neuter $.

5 6
! *
$ in ( ) 5 <3
)/

1
* 3

)-5 <j& 6/2 ( ) 3 ~ * 3 1/1


! *%V 5/1
2 words in the )FG; 1 word as (>t"|
3 o<_ (ID), Vdj&; in %( 4djv% 1`.
)-5 <j& 6/2 )& n < n
! *%V 35/1 In >F ? <`.
( )
* 3 1/1 This is OW4\. * 3 elision elides entire Ld.

[LSK] * 3 1/1 %V III/1


3
* 3 is the substitute in the place of ) and < after
3 neuter $.
[LSK] >%"9 1/1
>%"9 + ) 5
>%"9 ! *%V 3 ~ * 3
7.1.23 o<j( ? )

>%"9 + y
>%"9 + \` ! *% ~ \` y&
7.1.19 ( )
>%"9 + [ 1.1.56 %"(>W%W4\j("f_ , 1.3.8, 1.3.9
To be continued

259
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.73 S*j"n ">p_ ~ ( )! * (< 3


3
(<-Ov< 3
is attached to an S*-3 ending neuter word when n-beginning ">p" follows.

6 7
! *
( ) S* 3 %"W ">p"

1
3
(<-Ov<

S*& 6/1 "n 7/1 ">p_ 7/1 ~ (< 1/1 ! * 6/1


3 ( )

3 words in the )FG; 2 words as (>t"|


! *, thus understood as Sv ( )
S*& 6/1 This is adjective to ( ) ! * together
with VW ">"f.
"n 7/1 This is adjective to ">p_, thus understood as %W_ ">p_ together with
VW%"W">"f.
">p_ 7/1 In 9)<`.
3
(< 1/1 This is Ov<. Being "<V, 3 the "9p%1%)FG 1.1.47 "<Wnj% 9& is required.
! * 6/1 In %(d4 jv% 1`.
( )

[LSK] Sv 6/1 `a 6/1 (< 1/1


3 "n 7/1 ">p_ 7/1
3
3 the augment for S*-3 ending neuter word when followed by n-beginning
(< is
declensional suffix.
[LSK] >%"9` 1/2
>%"9 + y
>%"9 + \` ! *% ~ \` y&
7.1.19 ( )
>%"9 + [ 1.1.56 %"(>W%W4\j("f_ , 1.3.8, 1.3.9
3 [
>%"9( + ! * (< 3
7.1.73 S*j"n ">p_ ~ ( )
>%"9` 8.4.2 % >%d4"

260
! *"#$%&
( ) S. (.

[LSK] >%9`" 1/3


>%"9 + ) 3
>%"9 + "\ 7.1.20 ! *%V 3
\)j& "\& ~ ( )
3 S
>%"9( + ! * (< 3
7.1.73 S*j"n ">p_ ~ ( )
3 S
>%9`( + 6.4.8 )>?(%<%( 4 n%)}^_ ~ ( h f%d%& W`T&?
>%9`" 8.4.2 % >%d4"
Here in ), 3 both 7.1.72 ( ) 3 (%<%( 4 and 7.1.73 S*j"n ">p_ ~
! * #n& ~ (< )>?
( ) 3
! * (< are applicable. There is no agreement among grammarians regarding which
one of the stras should be applied. Either of the stras can be used since the results are
the same. Thus there is no point in discussion.

[LSK] ( <V% S"V 0 6/1 "(%V 5/1


3 4 7/1 )}"^-"("<|& 1/1 v& 1/1 Q4 0 >%94 S1/1, Q4 0 >%"9 S1/1
3 not always applicable, when it
Because 1.1.63 ( <V%$ ~ Ld#j 4 Ld#< is
does not take effect, v by 7.3.108 o v& ~ )}^_ takes place, making )}"^ which was
elided by * 3 as "("<|. Thus both forms with v and without are heard.
>%"9 + ) 5 S1/1
>%"9 ! *%V 3 ~ * 3
7.1.23 o<j( ? )
Here, as "9p%1%)FG 1.1.62 Ld#j 4 Ld#< 3 tells that an elided Ld can still be
"("<| for another stra, 7.3.108 o v& ~ )}^_, whose "("<| is ),5 is applicable. This is
3
debarred by 1.1.63 ( <V%$ ~ Ld#j 4 Ld#< because the Ld was elided by * 3
elision.
However, this stra is "(, not always applicable, therefore v can also take place
in this particular case.
>%94 7.3.108 o v& ~ )}^_

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Side note:
3 <V% - S"V "(14f& "(&, V0% "Q
[LSK "` d] S*j"n ">p_ S"V G "n-Q%V (
By mentioning of "n in 7.2.73, "( of 1.1.63 is understood. To explain
3
n-Q! Q#%"W-%>te0 ?< 3
The mentioning of "n is to exclude Q#%"W suffix to follow.
3
VG ("< )"V " o%"W1 - S"V W4 (-#j 4 >%"9%< S"V-OW_ 4 ">\41- p%>&
3 given (when Q#%"W follows), with the W-)!U%, 8.2.7 can elide the (. 3 Thus
Even (< is
there is no difference in form.
)}jf( 4 ("< ( ")}fj& S"V "(14f(4 (*%9-#j - p%>4 VG (*%9-c>-O "|& S"V V ( >%:<, 3 )}^4& *%
4( VG Ld#- L>t|&4
3
In )}jf(, when (< comes, it should not be said that (#j is negated by 8.2.8, then
3 heard, because )}"^ ) 5 is elided by *,3 thus it
it will fall into the situation where ( is
3 ( <V%$.
cannot bring (< by
3 <V% - S"V "(14f "(! * d"V (U% d"V)
>! Q#%W_ Wj1- p%>4( "n Q! Q2 )V (
In this way, when Q#%"W follows, there is no problem without "n. Mentioning of
"n being useless, (but it is actually not,) it makes you know "( of ( <V% -.
V0% )"V Ld#4( )}jf( 4 ("< (*%9c>! %V 3 V& VW 3->%9%d "n S"V o- \
! 4 n%"9V%0<? 3
3
When ( <V% - is "(, (< will come in )}jf(. In order to negate this, mentioning
of "n has its own usefulness.
#! n U% ( - Q4 G j, Q4 G S"V p%Ldjv")"^& S"V-O"W
This is seen in p%.

By ending with short S, >%"9 gains "T-)!U% by 1.4.7 \41j $)"Y .


>%"9 + % 3/1
>%"9 + (% 3
! *(< and
7.1.73 S*j"n">p_~ ( ) 7.3.120 Oj (%"{Gd%< 3 are ">L"V14f.
3 (%-OW4\ by 7.3.120 Oj (%"{Gd%< 3 takes place.
By 1.4.2 ">L"V14f 4 9! *%d?< ,
>%"9% 8.4.2 % >%d4" ~ 91%%! (j & )<%( W4

262
! *"#$%&
( ) S. (.

>%"9 + 4 4/1
Here, there is ">L"V14f situation between 7.1.73 S*j"n">p_ and 7.3.111 T4"? "V. By
1.4.2 ">L"V14f 4 9! *%d?<,3 v which is told in 9)FG should take place.
[LSK] T4"? "V S"V 0 v4 7/1 L%4 7/1
When v is to take place, the next vrtika gives >F "? >L"V14f.

(>%"V?*<)3 >tf_VtF%>v4j (< 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4


3
(< takes precedence over >t"^, y, VtF%>,andv.
>t"^-y-VtF%>-v4& 5/3 (< 1/1
3 >F -? ">L"V14f(4 3/1
3 words in the >%"V?*
>t"^-y-VtF%>-v4& 5/3 In ">p4 (different from, other than) <` connected to *%d?<. 3
1. >t"^By 7.2.115 nj ""V. For example, "V)Y`"(.
2. y By 7.3.119 T4&. For example, >%"9".
3. VtF%> By 7.1.97 ">p%1% VtV`d%"W"n ~ VtFGjk&. For example, HjkF"(.
4. v By 7.3.111 T4"? "V. For example, >%"94.
Notice that all these stras are 9 to stras enjoining (<. 3
3
(< 1/1 3
This is the *%d?, to be done.(<-Ov< 3
is taught from 7.1.58 S"WVj (< f%Vj& to 7.1.83.
3
>F -? ">L"V14f(4 3/1 In Q4V_VtV`d%. This is the reason for (<-Ov< to take precedence.
Because of >F "? >L"V14f

[LSK] >%"94 4/1


>%"9 + 4
3
>%"9 ( + 3
7.1.73 S*j"n ">p_ ~ (< and 7.3.111 T4"? "V are ">L"V14f.
with (>%-) >tf_VtF%>v4j (< 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4 , (< should
3 take place.
3
>%"9 + 8.4.2 % >%d4" ~ 91%%! (j & )<%( W4
[LSK] >%"9& 5/1, 6/1>%"9j& 6/2
In the same manner, 7.1.73 S*j"n">p_ takes place by >F "? >L"V14f.

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[LSK] (<"n9 S"V 0 ( 1/1


3 >%9`%< 6/3
3

>%"9 + O< 3
3
>%"9 + ( O< 3 Even though 7.1.73 S*j"n">p_ is applicable,

7.1.54 o(% j( 3 takes place by (>%"V?*<)3 (<"n9VtF%>4j(gh>"? >L"V14f(4 .


>%9` + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ~ n& $ W`T&?
>%9` + %< 3 8.4.2 % >%d4" ~ 91%%! (j & )<%( W4

[LSK] >%"9" 7/1


>%"9 + "
3 S
>%"9 ( + 3
7.1.73 S*j"n ">p_ ~ (< and 7.3.119 T4& are ">L"V14f.
3
with (>%-) >tf_VtF%>v4j(iF>"? >L"V14f(4 , (< should take place.
3 S
>%"9 + 8.4.2 % >%d4" ~ 91%%! (j & )<%( W4
[LSK] Q#%W_ 7/1 Q"9>V 03
3
When Q#-beginning Ld follows, it declines like Q"9.

264
! *"#$%&
( ) S. (.

Summary of declension of >%"9 (S-(-1)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


>%"9 + ) 5 >%"9 + y >%"9 + ) 3
>%"9 7.1.23 >%"9 + \` 7.1.19 >%"9 + "\ 7.1.20
1 3 [
>%"9( + 7.1.73 3 S
>%"9( + 7.1.73
>%"9` 8.4.2 3 S
>%9`( + 6.4.8
>%9`" 8.4.2
>%"9 + ) 5
>%"9 7.1.23
S1 same as above same as above
4
>%94 7.3.109
2 same as 1/1 same as above same as above
>%"9 + % >%"9%< 3 >%"9"p&
3 >%"9 + (% 7.3.120
>%"9% 8.4.2
>%"9 + 4 >%"9&
4 3
>%"9( + 7.1.73, (>%-) same as above
>%"9% 8.4.2
>%"9 + ")5
5 3
>%"9( + ) 3 7.1.73, (>%-) same as above same as above
>%"9& 8.4.2
>%"9 + u) 3 >%"9 + O< 3
3 u) 3 7.1.73, (>%-)
>%"9( + 3
>%"9 + ( O< 3 7.1.54, (>%-)
6 same as above
>%"9j& 8.4.2 >%9` + (%< 3 6.4.3
>%9`%< 3 8.4.2
>%"9 + " >%"9 + )
7 3 S
>%"9( + 7.1.73, (>%-) same as above >%"9 + 1 8.3.59
>%"9" 8.4.2

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

! *"#$& (2) W"f


S-*%9% -( )

W"f (curd) declines like >%"9 up to 3rdcase. 3rd case onwards the next stra is applied.

[">"f)FG<]3 7.1.75 "W"f)jk%<(W%|& ~ ">p"1 VtV`d%"W1


3
3rdcase onwards, these 4 L%"V "W* take (-3 OW4\ when n-beginning ">p" follows.

6 7
rd
"/W"f/)"l/ " n 3 3 ~ ">p"

1
( 3

"-W"f-)"l- k%< 6/3


3 ( 3 1/1 hW%|&1/1 ~ 7/3 ">p"1 7/3 VtV`d%"W1 7/3
3 words in the )FG; 3 words as (>t"|
3
"-W"f-)"l- k%< 6/3 " (bone) n W"f (curd) n )"l (thigh) n " (eye) n "-
3 in %(d4 jv% 1`.
W"f-)"l- `" (ID), V41%< ;
3 1.3.3 Q#< ,
( 3 1/1 This is OW4\. 3 is SV by 3 and 3 h%9%0 ?.The content
after ( is
is (. 3 Being "V, 3 this replaces only the last letter by 1.1.53 " ~ #&
hW%|& 1/1 This is adjective to OW4\.
7/3 From 7.1.73 S*j"n ">p_. "n undergoes >n("> "9%< to match with VtV`d%"W1.
3
L%"V "W* n with 3
) , 3 the last n becomes * 3 by 8.2.30 nj& *&, then 8.3.59 OW4\Lddj&.
">p"1 7/3 From 7.1.73 S*j"n ">p_. ">p_ undergoes >n("> "9%< to match with
VtV`d%"W1.
VtV`d%"W1 7/3 From 7.1.74 VtV`d%"W1 p%"1V ! ! >! W 3 v%#> .

[LSK] 1%< 6/3


3 ( 3 1/1 %V III/1
3 %-OW_ 7/1 "n 7/1
( 3 is the substitute in the place of the last letter of these 4 words when n-3
3
beginning ) -Ld 3rd case onward follows.
W"f + %
Wf 3 ( +
3 O 7.1.75 "W"f)jk%<(W%|&~ ">p"1 VtV`d%"W1
To be continued

266
! *"#$%&
( ) S. (.

[">"f)FG<]3 6.4.134 6j j(& ~ p $


3
Of (-ending p-)!U* $, there is #j of in (. 3
6
p (3

1
#j

V 6/1
3 #j & 1/1 (& 6/1 ~ p 6/1 $ 6/1

3 words in the )FG; 2 words as (>t"|


3
V 6/1 Short ; in %(d4 jv% 1`.
#j & 1/1 This is OW4\.
(& 6/1 L%"V "W* is (; 3 in )}1` to V. 3
p 6/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.4.129 p.
$ 6/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $.

[LSK] $- >d>& 1/1 )>?(%<%(-d-3 n-O"W-)


3 3 V 6/1 *%9 6/1 #j &
-O"W- 9& 1/1 d& 1/1 ( 1/1
1/1

#j is the substitute in the place of 3
of ( which 3
is a part of $ followed by d or
3
n beginning ), etc. Ld, excluding )>?(%<%(.18

[LSK] Wm% 3/1


W"f + %
Wf 3 ( +
3 O 7.1.75 "W"f)jk%<(W%|& ~ ">p"1VtV`d%"W1
Wf (3 +
3 O 6.4.134 6j j(& ~ p $
[LSK] Wm4 4/1 Wm& 5/1 Wm& 6/1 Wmj& 6/2 Wmj& 7/2

18
3 %,
In *_<W`, VW ">"f is not used in order to avoid an unwanted possibility in the case of (( +
3 found at the end, as well as in the middle of p)!U*- $. The >t"| reflects that
etc. in which ( is
consideration. In *%"\*%, (& is duplicated and VW ">"f is used.

267
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[">"f)FG<]3 3 & (& p $


6.4.136 ">p%1% " dj& ~ V #j
When " or \` is following, #j of 3 optional.
in ( is
6 7

p (3 "/\`

1
Optional
#j

">p%1% 1/1 "- dj& 7/2 ~ V 6/1


3 #j & 1/1 (& 6/1 p 6/1 $ 6/1

2 words in the )FG; 5 words as (>t"|


">p%1% 1/1 #j of is optional.
"- dj& 7/2 "& n \` n "\d_ (ID) ; in 9)<`.
3
V 6/1 short ; in %(d4 jv% 1`.
#j & 1/1 This is OW4\.
(& 6/1 L%"V "W* is (; 3 in )}1`.
p 6/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.4.129 p.
$ 6/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $.

[LSK] $- >d>& 1/1 )>?(%<%(-d-3 n-O"W-)


3 3 V 6/1 *%9 6/1 #j & 1/1
-O"W- 9& 1/1 d& 1/1 ( 1/1
>% 0 %V III/1
3 "- dj& 7/2 9dj& 7/2
#j is the optional substitute in the place of 3
of ( which is a part of $ followed
3
by d or 3
n beginning ), etc. Ld, excluding )>?(%<%(, when " or \` is following.

[LSK] W"m, Wf"( 7/1


W"f + "
Wf 3 ( +
3 S 7.1.75 "W"f)jk%<(W%|& ~ ">p"1 VtV`d%"W1
Wf (3 +
3 S 6.4.136 ">p%1% " dj& ~ n#j & (& p $
W"m
4
Wf"( does not get elided.

268
! *"#$%&
( ) S. (.

[LSK] \41< 1/1


3 >%"9>V 03 >< 03 "-)"l- " 1/1

The rest declines like >%"9. The other three words in the stra 7.1.75
"W"f)jk%<(W%|& decline in the same manner.

Summary of declension of W"f (S-(-2)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


W"f + ) 5 W"f + y W"f + ) 3
W"f 7.1.23 W"f + \` 7.1.19 W"f + "\ 7.1.20
1
3 [
W"f( + 7.1.73 3 S
W"f( + 7.1.73
W"f(` Wf`"( 6.4.8
W"f + ) 5
W"f 7.1.23
S1 same as above same as above
4
Wf4 7.3.109
2 same as 1/1 same as above same as above
W"f + % W"f%< 3 W"f"p&
3 Wf( +3 O 7.1.75
Wm% 6.4.134
W"f + 4 W"f&
4 Wf( +3 7.1.75 same as above
Wm4 6.4.134
W"f + ")5
Wf( +3 ) 3 7.1.75
5 same as above same as above
3
Wm + ) 3 6.4.134
Wm& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
W"f + u) 3 W"f + O< 3
Wf( +3 u) 3 7.1.75 Wf( +3 O< 3 7.1.75
6 same as above
3 u) 3 6.4.134
Wm + 3 O< 3 6.4.134
Wm +
Wmj& 8.2.66, 8.3.15 Wm%< 3
W"f + " W"f1 8.3.59
Wf( +3 S 7.1.75
7 same as above
W"m 6.4.136
4 W"f"(
The rest declines like >%"9.

269
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

! *"#$& (3) "Z


S-*%9% -( )

"Z (two) in neuter is not taught in #T")^% *_<W`.


Counted in W%"Wv, "Z-\] takes OW4\ when ">p" follows.
"Z + y 1/2, 2/2
Z3 +y 7.2.102 W%W`(%<&
Z + \` ! *% ~ y& \`
7.1.19 ( )
Z+[ 1.1.56 %"(>W%W4\j("f_ , 1.3.8 #\V"^V4 , 1.3.9 V #j &
Z4 6.1.87 O&

Summary of declension of "Z (S-(-3)


W%"Wv4 "V& )>?(%<)!U*-"Z\]&

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 Z4 7.2.102, 7.1.19, 6.1.87

S1

2 same as above

3 Z%%< 3 7.2.102, 7.3.102

4 same as above

5 same as above

6 Zdj& 7.2.102, 7.3.104, 6.1.78

7 same as above

The entire declension looks the same as for "Z in feminine, but the L"Hd% is totally
different.

270
! *"#$%&
( ) S. (.

! *"#$& (4) "G


S-*%9% -( )

"G (three) in neuter is not taught in #T")^% *_<W`.


3
In the first two ">p"s, because of "\-OW4\ which is termed )>?(%<%(, (<-Ov< and
h f%W`T ? take place. From the third ">p" onwards, the declension is the same as for
masculine.
What makes "G-\] special is 7.1.53 G4d{Gd& in 6/3.

"G + O< 6/3


3

Gd + O< 3 7.1.53 G4d{Gd& ~ O"<


3
Gd% + ( O< 3 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3
Gd% + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ~ W`T&?
Gd% + (%< 3 3 & )<%( W4
8.4.2 %>%d4" ~ 91%%< (&

Summary of declension of "G (S-(-4)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3


G`" 7.1.20, 7.1.73, 6.4.8,
1
8.4.2
S1

2 same as above

3 "G"p& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

4 "G& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

5 same as above
Gd%%< 3 7.1.53, 7.1.54,
6
6.4.3, 8.4.2
7 "G1 8.3.59

271
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

! *"#$& (1) )f`


[-*%9% -( )

3 "f ("<G<)3 The one who has good intellect.


\jp(% f`& d VV )
) + f` 4 < W%0 ~ )<%)& ab `"Q&
2.2.24 (*
)f` 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*< 3
This word can be in any gender, depending on its ">\4.

[LSK] )"f 1/1


)f`
)"f ! *4 L%"V "W*, with the help of 1.1.52 #j
1.2.47 oj ( )
)"f + ) 5
)"f ! *%V 3 ~ * 3
7.1.23 o<j( ? )
[LSK] )"f(` 1/2
)"f + y
)"f + \` ! *% ~ \` y&
7.1.19 ( )
)"f + [ 1.1.56 %"(>W%W4\j("f_ , 1.3.8, 1.3.9
3 [
)"f( + ! * (< 3
7.1.73 S*j"n ">p_ ~ ( )
)"f(`
[LSK] )f`"( 1/3
)"f + ) 3
)"f + "\ 7.1.20 ! *%V 3
\)j& "\& ~ ( )
3 S
)"f ( + ! * (< 3
7.1.73 S*j"n ">p_ ~ ( )
3 [
)f`( + 6.4.8 )>?(%<%( 4 n%)}^_ ~ ( h f%d%& W`T&?
)f`"(
[LSK] Q4 )f4 S1/1, Q4 )"f S1/1
)"f + ) 5 S1/1
)"f ! *%V 3 ~ * 3
7.1.23 o<j( ? )
)f4 7.3.108 o v& ~ )}^_, because of "( of 1.1.63 ( <V%$

272
! *"#$%&
( ) [. (.

[ "VW4\)FG<]3 7.1.74 VtV`d%"W1 p%"1V ! ! >! W 3 v%#>

~ S* 3 ( )
! *< 3 ">p"1
An S*-3 ending neuter word which can be used in masculine in the same sense,
3
followed by n-beginning 3rd case ">p" onwards, declines like masculine, in the opinion
of grammarian v%#>.
1 7
p%")V ! ! *
( ) S* 3 n 3 3rd case ~ ">p"

1
Optional >! V 3

VtV`d%"W1 7/3 p%"1V ! < 1/1


3 >! V 03 v%#> 6/1 ~ S* 3 1/1 ( )
! *< 1/1
3 7/3 ">p"1 7/3
4 words in the )FG; 4 words are (>t"|
3
VtV`d%"W1 7/3 ) -Ld 3
starting from %.
p%"1V ! 3
< 1/1 3 ( VV 3
This is adjective to \]o <. 3 p%"1V& (said, communicated) <%( d4
3
! *< (116B)
p%"1V ) 3
L>t"|-"("<|< (an idea which makes one employ words) VW 3 "
S"V 5.2.126 \?O"Wjn 3
>! V 03 \]o in neuter will behave like masculine.
v%#> 6/1 v%#> is the name of a grammarian; in )}1` to <V4, which is supplied,
resulting in in the opinion of v%#> s"1, indicating this is optional.
S* 3 1/1 From 7.1.73 S*j"n ">p_, S*& undergoes ">p""> "9%< to match with
p%"1V ! <. 3
( ) 3
! *< 1/1 ! * #n&, ( )
From 7.1.72 ( ) ! * undergoes ">p""> "9%< to match
with p%"1V ! <. 3
7/3 From 7.1.73 S*j"n ">p_. "n undergoes >n("> "9%< to match with VtV`d%"W1.
">p"1 7/3 From 7.1.73 S*j"n ">p_. ">p_ undergoes >n("> "9%< to match with
VtV`d%"W1.

273
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

[LSK] L>t"|"("<|-w4 7/1 p%"1V- ! 3 S*-3


< 1/1 < 1/1
3 `a< 1/1
3 >! V 03 >% 0 %-OW_ 7/1 "n 7/1
S*-3 ending neuter word which communicates in the same sense as the masculine
3
word, optionally declines like masculine when n-beginning 3rd case onwards ">p"
follows.

? . The same thing can be said in


L>t"|"("<| of L%"V "W* )f` in neuter is \jp(-%(-*Vt
masculine. Thus this L%"V "W* )f` is p%"1V ! , a word which has the meaning by which
masculine word is conveyed.
Note that the p%"1V ! ! *4 L%"V "W*19.
is examined before applying 1.2.47 oj ( )

[LSK] )"fd% 3/1, )"f(% 3/1 S%"W 1/1


)f` This word is p%"1V ! .
)"f ! *4 L%"V "W*
1.2.47 oj ( )
)"f + % It can decline like masculine by
7.1.74 VtV`d%"W1 p%"1V ! ! >! W 3 v%#> ~ S* 3 ( )
! *< 3 ">p"1
3 O
)"fd + 3 negated by 6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj&, then Sd 3 by
4 %nj)!djv% ~ d is
6.4.82 9(*
6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_
)"fd%

19
? <, 3 VV n
[LSK "` ] )f`\] L>t"|"("<|! \jp(-%(-*Vt 3
3 -! 5`- `a41 )<%(<, 3 V"( )"V p%"1V ! -
! %> S"V
)f`\] h%#4 (VtV`d%"W1 etc.) >% o
The meaning of )"f ()f`) is one who does a good meditation, which is the same among
all three genders. When that is the case, under the conditions which were said, the )f` word
behaves like masculine.
? <, 3 f%Vt\]4 f%9- j1-*Vt
>! )\]4 \jp(-#>(-*Vt* ? ! "G1 ("#$41) V< 3

In the same manner, ) ()) and f%Vt are p%"1V ! .


L-Lpt"V1 V ( ( 4( >! %>-">* &, S*-3 L-\W p%"1V ! - p%>%V, 3 p%"1V ! Lj-\] S*-3 -
3
p%>%V
However, in L (Lj) etc., there is no optional >! %> by this stra, because there is no S*-3
beginning masculine word conveying the same meaning, as Lj is the word which conveys the
masculine meaning, but it does not begin with S*.3

274
! *"#$%&
( ) [. (.

4
)"f + %
)"f + (% 7.3.120 Oj (%"{Gd%< 3
)"f(%

Summary of declension of )f` ([-(-1)


p%"1V ! -S*-3 -\]&

Before ">p" comes, the ending becomes o, and it declines like a o-S-ending
word.
)f`
)"f ! *4 L%"V "W*, with the help of 1.1.52 #j
1.2.47 oj ( )

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 )"f 7.1.23 )"f(` 7.1.19, 7.1.73 )f`"( 7.1.20, 7.1.73, 6.4.8

)"f 7.1.23
S1 same as above same as above
/)f4 7.3.109
2 same as 1/1 same as above same as above
)"fd% 7.1.74, 6.4.85, 6.4.77 )"f%< 3 )"f"p&
3
)"f(% 7.1.73
)"fd4 7.1.74, 6.4.85, 6.4.77 )"f&
4 same as above
)"f( 4 7.1.73
)"fd& 7.1.74, 6.4.85, 6.4.77
5 same as above same as above
)"f(& 7.1.73, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
)"fdj& 7.1.74, 6.4.85, 6.4.77, )"fd%< 3 7.1.74, 6.4.85,
6 same as above 8.2.66, 8.3.15 6.4.77
)"f(j& 7.1.73, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 )f`(%< 3 (>%-) 7.1.54, 6.4.3
)"f"d 7.1.74, 6.4.85, )"f1 8.3.59
7 6.4.77 same as above
)"f"( 7.1.73
The rest declines like >%"9.

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! *"#$& (1) <f


h-*%9% -( )

<f (honey) in neuter is not p%"1V ! , as <f in masculine conveys different meanings
such as spring season, name of demon, etc. Therefore, it declines exactly like >%"9.

Summary of declension of <f (h-(-1)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 <f <f(` <fF"(

S1 <fj/<f same as above same as above

2 same as 1/1 same as above same as above

3 <f(% <f%< 3 <f"p&

4 <f( 4 same as above <f&

5 <f(& same as above same as above

6 same as above <f(j& <fF(%< 3

7 <f"( same as above <f1

The entire declension is like >%"9.

276
! *"#$%&
( ) h. (.

! *"#$& (1) )
l-*%9% -( )

) (%"V S"V ) (\5<)3 That which cuts well, such as a sword.


3 " 3
) + +
) 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*< 3
This word can be in any gender, thus this is p%"1V ! .
The difference from another p%"1V ! 3
word )f` is that ) in >! V takes 3 \ by
d OW4
6.4.83 u& )" .

Summary of declension of ) (l-(-1)


p%"1V ! -S*-3 -\]&

! *4 L%"V "W*
Before ">p" comes, the ending becomes o by 1.2.47 oj ( )
resulting in ).

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 ) 7.1.23 )(` 7.1.19, 7.1.73 )"( 7.1.20, 7.1.73, 6.4.8

) 7.1.23
S1 same as above same as above
/)#j 7.3.109
2 same as 1/1 same as above same as above
)% 7.1.74, 6.4.83 )%< 3 )"p&
3
)(% 7.1.73
)4 7.1.74, 6.4.83 )&
4 same as above
)( 4 7.1.73
)& 7.1.74, 6.4.83,
5 8.2.66, 8.3.15 same as above same as above
)(& 7.1.73, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
)j& 7.1.74, 6.4.83, )%< 3 7.1.74, 6.4.83
6 same as above 8.2.66, 8.3.15 )(%< 3 (>%-) 7.1.54, 6.4.3
)(j& 7.1.73, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
)" 7.1.74, 6.4.83 )1 8.3.59
7 same as above
)"( 7.1.73

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! *"#$& (1) f%Vt


s-*%9% -( )

f%Vt (one who sustains) can be in any gender, thus this is p%"1V ! .
3
2f% f%9 3 "9)
j1dj& (3U) to bear, to sustain + Vtn (*V?

[LSK] f%Vt 1/1, 2/1 |


f%Vt + ) 5
f%Vt ! *%V 3 ~ * 3 20
7.1.23 o<j( ? )
[LSK] f%Vt` 1/2, 2/2 |
f%Vt + y
f%Vt + \` ! *% ~ y& \`
7.1.19 ( )
f%Vt + [ 1.1.56 %"(>W%W4\j("f_ , 1.3.8#\V"^V4 , 1.3.9 V #j &
3 [
f%Vt( + 7.1.73 S*j"n ">p_ ~ (< (3 )
! *
f%Vt` (>%-) s>%? ! >%:< 3
[LSK] f%V" 1/3, 2/3 |
f%Vt + ) 3
f%Vt + "\ 7.1.20 ! *%V 3
\)j& "\& ( )
f%Vt + S 1.1.56 %"(>W%W4\j("f_ , 1.3.8#\V"^V4 , 1.3.9 V #j &
3 S
f%Vt( + ! * 21
7.1.73 S*j"n ">p_ ~ (< (3 )
3 S
f%V( + 6.4.8 )>?(%<%( 4 n%)}^_ ~ W`T&? (j f%d%&
f%V" (>%-) s>%? ! >%:< 3

20
! *%V 3 ~ * 3 is "(.
7.1.97 s&\(W!)j( 4Q)%! n does not take place because 7.1.23 o<j( ? )
21
7.3.110 sVj ")>?%(dj& ~ v& does not take place because of >t"^-y-VtF%>-v4j (< 3
>F "? >L"V14f(4 .

278
! *"#$%&
( ) s. (.

[LSK] Q4 f%V& S1/1, Q4 f%Vt S1/1|


Since ) 5 is not )>?%( in neuter, 7.3.110 sVj ")>?%(dj& does not take place. Instead,
7.3.108 o v& ~ )}^_ takes place.
f%Vt + ) 5
f%Vt ! *%V 3 ~ * 3
7.1.23 o<j( ? )
f%V9 3 7.3.108 o v& ~ )}^_, as the result of "( of 1.1.63 ( <V%$
f%V& 8.2.66, 8.3.15

3
3rd case onwards, when n-beginning suffix follows, 7.1.74 VtV`d%"W1 p%"1V ! ! >! W 3
v%#> ~ S* 3 ( )
! *< 3 ">p"1 is applicable and two forms are to be made. One is like f%Vt
in masculine, and the other is like )f` in neuter.
However, 6/3 is the exception.
[LSK] f%V%< 6/3
3 |

f%Vt + O< 3 This word can decline like masculine by


7.1.74 VtV`d%"W1 p%"1V ! ! >! W 3 v%#> ~ S* 3 ( )
! *< 3 ">p"1
>! %> 4 (when it declines like masculine)
3
f%Vt + ( O< 3 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3 ~ O"<

f%V + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"<


f%V%< 3 (>%-) s>%? ! >%:< 3

>! %>- p%>- 4 (when it declines as neuter)


f%Vt + O< 3
Here, 7.1.73 S*j"n ">p_ ~ (< (3 )
! * and 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3 ~ O"< are applicable.
By (>%-) (<"n9VtF%>4j ( 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4 , ( 3 takes place. Then, the L"Hd% is the same as above,
like masculine.

[LSK] >< 03 U%Vt-OWd& 1/3


In this manner, U%Vt, etc., decline like f%Vt.

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Summary of declension of f%Vt (s-(-1)


p%"1V ! -S*-3 -\]&

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

f%Vt 7.1.23 f%Vt` 7.1.19, 7.1.73, (>%-) f%V" 7.1.20, 7.1.73,


1
6.4.8, (>%-)
f%Vt 7.1.23
S1 same as above same as above
/f%V& 7.3.108
2 same as 1/1 same as above same as above
f%G% 7.1.74, 6.1.77 f%Vt%< 3 f%Vt"p&
3
f%Vt% 7.1.73, (>%-)
f%G4 7.1.74, 6.1.77 f%Vt&
4 same as above
f%Vt 4 7.1.73, (>%-)
f%V& 7.1.74, 6.1.111, 8.2.24
5 f%Vt& 7.1.73, 8.2.66, 8.3.15, same as above same as above
(>%-)
f%Gj& 7.1.74, 6.1.77, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 f%V%< 3 7.1.74,
6 same as above
f%Vtj& 7.1.73, 8.2.66, 8.3.15, (>%-) 7.1.54, 6.4.8, (>%-)
f%V"9 7.1.74, 7.3.110 f%Vt1 8.3.59
7 same as above
f%Vt" 7.1.73, (>%-)

In S1/1, v by 6.4.110 sVj ")>?%(dj& caused by )}"^ which was elided by *,3 as
the result of "( of 1.1.63 ( <V%$.
3
After 3rd case, when n-beginning suffix follows, 7.1.74 VtV`d%"W1 p%"1V ! ! >! W 3 v%#>
~ S* 3 ( )
! *< 3 ">p"1 is applicable and two forms are to be made. One is like f%Vt in
masculine, and the other is like )f` in neuter.
3 7.1.73 S*j"n ">p_
In 6/3, >! %>- p%>- 4, ( 3 by 7.1.54 takes precedence to (< by
by (>%-) (<"n9VtF%>4j ( 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4 .

280
! *"#$%&
( ) u. (.

! *"#$& (1) Lj
u-*%9% -( )

3 L
L*t k% _& d/d"( VV 3 ("W(<)3

L + j 4 < W%0 ~ )<%)& ab `"Q&


2.2.24 (*
Lj 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*< 3
This word can be in any gender, depending on its ">\4. Therefore, Lj is p%"1V ! .
However, Lj is not S*-3 ending. Thus 7.1.74 VtV`d%"W1 p%"1V ! ! >! W 3 v%#> ~ S* 3 ( )
! *< 3
">p"1 does not apply here.

! *4 L%"V "W* is applied to make the last vowel o.


Before declension, 1.2.47 oj ( )
Now, a question arises. What is the o form of u? By 1.1.50 %(4 9V<&, the closest in
terms of %( is taught. However, %( of u is * and u_. The o of them are and h.
Thus, 1.1.50 %(4 9V<& by itself cannot decide which o letter should be the OW4\ for
! *4 L%"V "W*.
1.2.47 oj ( )
For this situation, the next "(d<)FG, giving restriction to 1.1.50 %(4 9V<& is
introduced.

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["(d<)FG<]3 1.1.48 n Szoo%W4\ 4


When o is enjoined for n, 3 only S* 3 should be the OW4\.

n& 6/1 S* 3 1/1 o-OW4\ 4 7/1


3 words in the )FG; no word is required as (>t"|
n& 6/1 L%Q%9& n, 3 all diphthongs; in %(d4 jv% 1`.
S* 3 1/1 Since o-OW4\ is told, S* 3 is already included in o.
3 in )"V)<`.
o-OW4\ 4 7/1 o OW4\& o%W4\& (6T), V"( ;

[LSK] O"W d<%(14 7/3 o41 7/3 n& 6/1 S* 3 1/1 > 0 %V III/1
3

When o is taught to be OW4\ for n, 3 only S* 3 should be OW4\.


This stra brings "(d<, restriction, to o-OW4\ enjoined for n. 3 It rules out of o-
OW4\.
u w u
(*V%) (*j<)3 (*V%) (*j<)3

S h s p
(*&) (V%) (u_) (<Ff%?) (W %&)

To choose one letter from n, 3 1.1.50 %(4 9V<& is used. Then, S for and w, and h
for u and y are understood.22

[LSK] L 1/1
Lj
L ! *4 L%"V "W*, with 1.1.52 #j .
1.2.47 oj ( )
With the help of 1.1.48 n Szoo%W4\ 4 and 1.1.50 %(4 9V<&, OW4\ is decided.
L + ) 5
L ! *%V 3 ~ * 3
7.1.23 o<j( ? )

22
1.3.10 d0%)<(W4\& )<%(%< 3 is not used because this stra is "(d<, not >F "? >"f (a fresh injunction),
in which all the letters have to have n"9V%0 ? (usefulness). Here, being "(d<)FG, some letters (s, p) can
be left unused. This stra gives "(d< for ">"f in which o-OW4\ is given for n. 3

282
! *"#$%&
( ) u. (.

[LSK] L(` 1/2


L + y
L + \` ! *% ~ \` y&
7.1.19 ( )
L + [ 1.1.56 %"(>W%W4\j("f_ , 1.3.8, 1.3.9
3 [
L ( + ! * (< 3
7.1.73 S*j"n ">p_ ~ ( )
L(`
[LSK] LF"( 1/3
L + ) 3
L + "\ 7.1.20 ! *%V 3
\)j& "\& ~ ( )
3 S
L ( + ! * (< 3
7.1.73 S*j"n ">p_ ~ ( )
3 [
LF( + 6.4.8 )>?(%<%( 4 n%)}^_ ~ ( h f%d%& W`T&?
LF"(
[LSK] L(% 3/1 S%"W 1/1
L + %
L + (% 7.3.120 Oj (%"{Gd%< 3 ~ T4&

Summary of declension of Lj (u-(-1)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 L L(` LF"(

S1 Lj/L same as above same as above

2 same as 1/1 same as above same as above

3 L(% L%< 3 L"p&

4 L( 4 same as above L&

5 L(& same as above same as above

6 same as above L(j& LF(%< 3

7 L"( same as above L1

The entire declension is like <f.

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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

! *"#$& (1) L9x


w-*%9% -( )

3 L"9
L*t k& 9%& d/d"( VV 3 (*#<)3

L + 9x 4 < W%0 ~ )<%)& ab `"Q&


2.2.24 (*
L9x 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*< 3

[LSK] L"9 1/1


L9x
L"9 ! *4 L%"V "W*, with 1.1.52 #j .
1.2.47 oj ( )
With the help of 1.1.48 n Szoo%W4\ 4 and 1.1.50 %(4 9V<&, OW4\ is decided.
L"9 + ) 5
L"9 7.1.23 o<j( ? ) 3
! *%V 3 ~ *23
[LSK] L"9` 1/2
L"9 + y
L"9 + \` ! *% ~ \` y&
7.1.19 ( )
L"9 + [ 1.1.56 %"(>W%W4\j("f_ , 1.3.8, 1.3.9
3 [
L"9 ( + ! * (< 3
7.1.73 S*j"n ">p_ ~ ( )
L"9` 3 & )<%( W4
8.4.2 %>%d4" ~ 91%%< (&
[LSK] L9`" 1/3
L"9 + ) 3
L"9 + "\ 7.1.20 ! *%V 3
\)j& "\& ~ ( )
3 S
L"9 ( + ! * (< 3
7.1.73 S*j"n ">p_ ~ ( )
3 [
L9`( + 6.4.8 )>?(%<%( 4 n%)}^_ ~ ( h f%d%& W`T&?
L9`" 3 & )<%( W4
8.4.2 %>%d4" ~ 91%%< (&

23
! *%V 3 ~ * 3 is "( compared to 7.2.85 9%dj Q"# ~ O ">p_, which means, 7.1.23 can
7.1.23 o<j( ? )
be applied before or after 7.2.85, while 7.2.85 cannot be applied after 7.1.23. Thus 7.1.23 takes
precedence as told by ( -) >F ? 9-"(- 9$- 3
>%W%(%< h|9j|9j 3
a#`d%( .
After * 3 elision of ),5 the ) 5 cannot become the "("<| for 7.2.85 9%dj Q"# ~ O ">p_ because of
1.1.63 ( <V%$ .

284
! *"#$%&
( ) w. (.

[LSK] L"9% 3/1


L"9 + %
L"9 + (% 7.3.120 Oj (%"{Gd%< 3 ~ T4&
L"9% 3 & )<%( W4
8.4.2 %>%d4" ~ 91%%< (&
[LSK] *W4\-">*t V< 1/1
3 (>V 03 L9%%< 3
By this "9p%1%, modification of one part does not make the whole entity into
another, after modifying a part of L%"V "W* and becoming L"9, still 7.2.85 9%dj Q"# ~ O
">p_ is applied.
L"9 + %< 3
L9% + %< 3 7.2.85 9%dj Q"# ~ O ">p_
Note that this does not apply to 1/1 because ) 5 is elided by * 3 and 1.1.63 (
<V%$ debars the ) 5 to be "("<| for 7.2.85 9%dj Q"# ~ O ">p_.
[LSK] L9`%< 6/3
3

L"9 + O< 3
3
L"9 + ( O< 3 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3 by (>%"V?*<)3 (<"n9VtF%>4j ( 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4
L9` + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ~ n& $ W`T&?
L9` + %< 3 3 & )<%( W4
8.4.2 %>%d4" ~ 91%%< (&

Summary of declension of L9x (w-(-1)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 L"9 L"9` L9`"

S1 L94/L"9 same as above same as above

2 same as 1/1 same as above same as above

3 L"9% L9%%< 3 7.2.85 L9%"p& 7.2.85

4 L"94 same as above L9%& 7.2.85

5 L"9& same as above same as above

6 same as above L"9j& L9`%< 3

7 L"9" same as above L9%) 7.2.85

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! *"#$& (1) )(_


y-*%9% -( )

3 )
\jp(% (_& d/d"( VV 3 ( (*#<)3

) + (_ 4 < W%0 ~ )<%)& ab `"Q&


2.2.24 (*
)(_ 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*< 3

[LSK] )( 1/1
)(_
)( ! *4 L%"V "W*, with 1.1.52 #j .
1.2.47 oj ( )
With the help of 1.1.48 n Szoo%W4\ 4 and 1.1.50 %(4 9V<&, OW4\ is decided.
)( + ) 5
)( ! *%V 3 ~ * 3
7.1.23 o<j( ? )
[LSK] )((` 1/2 )(F"( 1/3 )((% 3/1 S%"W 1/1
The entire declension is like <f.

Summary of declension of )(_ (y-(-1)

*>n(< 3 "Z>n(< 3 ab>n(< 3

1 )( )((` )(F"(

S1 )(j/)( same as above same as above

2 same as 1/1 same as above same as above

3 )((% )(%< 3 )("p&

4 )(( 4 same as above )(&

5 )((& same as above same as above

6 same as above )((j& )(F(%< 3

7 )("( same as above )(1

The entire declension is like <f.

S"V 0 ! *-"#$%& 1/3


-( )
Thus the section of ! *-"#$%&
-( )

286
Index

Index

3
S&W 3%< 7.3.117 ................................................ 211
"n 9 sV& 7.2.100............................................. 216 s
"n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ 6.4.77 ....................... 138 3
sV hV 6.1.111 .................................................. 162
nj ""V 7.2.115 ............................................. 102 sVj ")>?(%<%(dj& 7.3.110 ............................ 157
T4& 7.3.119 ..................................................... 89 s&\(W!)j( 4Q)%! n 7.1.94 ............................ 158
3*%3(>%d4" 8.4.2 ................................... 25 3
s4j ` 4.1.5 ............................................... 236
3
Vj "p) w) 7.1.9 ................................................. 29
3
Vj< 7.1.24 ..................................................... 247 *>n(! )}"^& 2.3.49 ......................................... 19
W 32 3 2V9%"W& & 7.1.25 ............................. 255 3o%}^4& 6.1.69 .......................................... 21
(3 )_ 7.1.93 ..................................................... 93 n Szoo%W4\ 4 1.1.48 .......................................... 282
9! a"Qd?vj )!%(dj& 1.1.36 .............................. 59 ? 6.4.82 ................................ 140
9( 4*%nj)!djv >F
t *%# 3 Ld& 1.2.41 ...................................... 96
u
3
t It o)t(t( 4ktkt|tQjVt jVtL\%%< 6.4.11 .. 159 u& )" 6.4.83 ................................................... 172
"< >F &? 6.1.107................................................... 22 u") n 7.3.104 ................................................... 39
}%0(? j?o& 7.3.107 ....................................... 129 y
3
0>? Wf%V9Ld& L%"V "W*< 1.2.45 ......................... 2 y O & 7.1.18 ............................................... 193
#j%V 3 >F ? h f% 1.1.65 ................................... 94 yVj\)j& 6.1.93 ............................................ 187
6j j(& 6.4.134 .............................................. 267 3
yV 7.3.118 ...................................................... 104
"W"f)jk%<(W%|& 7.1.75 ....................... 266 *
O *t |"^V)<%)% 1.2.46 ........................................... 4
O*2%9%W4*% )!U% 1.4.1 .......................................... 77 Y
O" n% & 7.3.105.............................................. 195 %V 3 9 6.1.112 ......................................... 103
3
Oj (%"{Gd%< 7.3.120 ....................................... 86 v
O 6.1.90 ...................................................... 131 v"V 1.4.60 ...................................................... 148
O(%& 7.3.112 ................................................ 130 3
vjVj "V 7.1.90 ................................................. 186
OVj f%Vj& 6.4.140 ............................................... 79 T
OW4\Lddj& 8.3.59 ............................................ 42 T4"? "V 7.3.111 ..................................................... 87
O"< )>?(% & ) 3 7.1.52 ........................................ 52
S ")5)j 6.1.110 ............................................... 88
S*j"n ">p_ 7.1.73 .......................................... 260 ")j& %" (_ 7.1.15 ..................................... 51

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""V o 1.4.6 ................................................. 209 ! *% 7.1.19 ................................................. 248


( )
4 9% % `& 7.3.116 ......................................... 133 (#j & L%"V "W*% 8.2.7 .................................. 99
4 d&? 7.1.13........................................................... 30 (%"W"n 6.1.104 ..................................................... 15
3
% -L%"V 3
"W*%V 4.1.1 ............................................ 6 (%"< 6.4.3 ............................................................ 41
n (t n 6.4.6........................................................... 184
nF 1.3.7 .............................................................. 16 ( 4d>3%(%>{G` 1.4.4 ..................................... 230

3
9%d% 9)V9%< 7.2.101 ................................ 67 "V& )<%) > 1.4.8............................................ 106
\)j& "\& 7.1.20 ............................................. 251 W% 8.4.37 .................................................... 26
)& \` 7.1.17 ...................................................... 49 9 3.1.2 .............................................................. 7
") n 7.3.109 ..................................................... 83 3
>F ? 9%>9W"j|9% 9%f9%" >%d%<)!U%d%< 1.1.34
....................................................................... 56
%")5)%"<(%%& 7.1.12.................................... 27 >F %?"Wj (>j >% 7.1.16 ...................................... 60
4 & 6.4.143.......................................................... 256 Ld& 3.1.1 ........................................................... 7
2 3
Ld#j 4 Ld#< 1.1.62 .............................. 114
2"V n 1.1.25 ...................................................... 110 Ld 3 & 1.1.61 ..................................... 112
V L0<n9<Vd% %^?*"V d( 4<% 1.1.33..................... 62
V%)j (& "! ) 6.1.103 ..................................... 24 ? >?& 6.1.102...................................... 14
L0<dj& >F )
VtFGjk& 7.1.95 ................................................. 156 a
VtV`d%"W1 p%"1V ! ! >! W 3 v%#> 7.1.74 .............. 273 abv>V2"V )% 1.1.23 ................................ 109
W%W`(%<& 7.2.102 ............................................. 120 3
ab>n( 4 4V 7.3.103 .......................................... 36
"GnV9j& "{Gd%! "V)tnV)t 7.2.99 ............................ 215 3
ab1 ab>n(< 1.4.21 ............................................ 16
G45d& 7.1.53 ...................................................... 118 <
W "<Wnj%V 3 9& 1.1.47...................................... 253
W`T%? ") n 6.1.105 ............................................... 72 d
4*dj"Z>n( x*>n( 4 1.4.22 ...................................... 10 3
d"n p< 1.4.18 ..................................................... 76
( 3
d%d">"fW%"W Ld4$< 1.4.13 ................. 20
( "V)tnV)t 6.4.4 ................................................. 217 d4"V n 6.4.148................................................ 249
( pF)"fdj& 6.4.85 ............................................... 152 d%2% & 7.3.113 .................................................. 196
( <V%$ 1.1.63 ............................................ 115 dF %%_ (W` 1.4.3 ............................................ 127
( ">p_ V%& 1.3.4 ............................................. 18 9
( 1 3o %"W& 4.1.10 ........................................ 240 3
9%V ) 8.2.24 .................................................. 163
! * #n& 7.1.72 ........................................ 252
( ) 9%dj Q"# 7.2.85 .................................................. 189

288
Index

# o<j( ? ) 3
! *%V 7.1.23 ........................................... 259
#\V"^V4 1.3.8 ................................................... 23 o%"W)>?(%<%( 4 1.4.17..................................... 75
> o_ )<_k%%"i{4 %{")5%{)j)%!j
>1%?E 6.4.84 .................................................... 177 3
4.1.2 .............................................................. 5
>%\)j& 6.4.80 ................................................. 225 Q
>%"< 1.4.5 ........................................................... 232 3
Q#%j 3 "5 V
W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 6.1.68 ................... 97
>%>)%( 4 8.4.56 ...................................................... 38 o(% j ( 3 7.1.54............................................. 40
">p" 1.4.103 ................................................... 17 o v& 7.3.108 ............................................. 84
">p%1% " dj& 6.4.136......................................... 268 ! *4 L%"V "W* 1.2.47 ........................... 258
oj ( )
">p%1% VtV`d%"W"n 7.1.97 ................................... 161
"9p%1%&
">p%1% "WW<%)4 ab `Q_ 1.1.28 ............................. 202
3
( "9p%1%) *W4\">*t V<(>V................................ 69
3
">9%<j>)%(< 1.4.110 .......................................... 11
( "9p%1%) "("W d<%(%W4\% p>" ......................... 69
\
3 ( "9p%1%) W%$%"f*%94 V n VW n .................. 68
"\ )>?(%<%(< 1.1.42 ....................................... 251
>%"V?*%"(
\41j $)"Y 1.4.7 .................................................. 85
(>%"V?*<)3 s>%? ! >%:< .........................
3 180
1
(>%"V?*<)3 *V9%"V14fj >& ........................... 257
12 3j * 3 7.1.22 ................................................ 111
(>%"V?*<)3 y& d%! L"V14fj >%:& ........................ 250
% % 1 3 1.1.24 ................................................. 110
(>%"V?*<)3 v"V*%9*4 V9 >F ? W d (3 4V4 ............... 149
)
(>%"V?*<)3 V`d " >% ....................................... 65
)9)}^_ 7.1.92 ............................................. 101
(>%"V?*<)3 q9 (& >F 3
? p>j d >& ............... 178
)}^_ n 7.3.106 ................................................ 194
(>%"V?*<)3 "Z 6? %(%<4>"4 k& .................................. 121
) %%<4*\41 *">p_ 1.2.64 ............................. 12
(>%"V?*<)3 (<"n9VtF%>4j ( 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4 ........ 164
)>?(%<%( 4 n%)}^_ 6.4.8 .................................... 95
(>%"V?*<)3 L0<"#$Q! n.................................... 128
)>?(% & x 7.1.14................................................. 50
(>%"V?*<)3 >tf_VtF%>v4j (< 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4 .. 263
)>?(% & %V o 7.3.114 ................................. 200
)>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"( 1.1.27 ....................................... 46
)FGH<&
)"5 n 7.3.102 ...................................................... 28
1.1.23 abv>V2"V )% ................................ 109
! * 1.1.43 ............................................... 74
)2( )
1.1.24 % % 1 ................................................
3 110
) & 1.4.103 ........................................................... 8
1.1.25 2"V n ..................................................... 110
"{Gd%! n 7.1.96 ................................................... 235
1.1.27 )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"( ...................................... 46
"{Gd%& 6.4.79 ..................................................... 224
1.1.28 ">p%1% "WW<%)4 ab `Q_ ............................ 202
%"(>W%W4\j("f_ 1.1.56 .................................. 31
3 1.1.33 L0<n9<Vd% %^?*"V d( 4<% .................... 62
o<U%"Vf(%%d%< 1.1.35 .................................... 58

289
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

1.1.34 >F ? 9%>9W"j|9% 9%f9%" >%d%<)!U%d%< 3 1.4.6 ""V o ................................................ 209


........................................................................ 56 1.4.60 v"V ...................................................... 148
3
1.1.35 o<U%"Vf(%%d%< .................................... 58 1.4.7 \41j $)"Y ................................................. 85
1.1.36 9! a"Qd?vj )!%(dj& .............................. 59 1.4.8 "V& )<%) >............................................ 106
3
1.1.42 "\ )>?(%<%(< ....................................... 251 2.3.49 *>n(! )}"^& ......................................... 19
! * ............................................... 74
1.1.43 )2( ) 3.1.1 Ld& ........................................................... 7
1.1.47 "<Wnj%V 3 9& ...................................... 253 3.1.2 9 .............................................................. 7
1.1.48 n Szoo%W4\ 4........................................... 282 3
4.1.1 % -L%"V 3
"W*%V ............................................ 6
1.1.56 %"(>W%W4\j("f_ .................................. 31 4.1.10 ( 1 3o %"W& ........................................ 240
1.1.61 Ld 3 & ..................................... 112 4.1.2 o_ )<_k%%"i{4 %{")5%)-3
3
1.1.62 Ld#j 4 Ld#< ............................... 114 3
)j)%!j ..................................................... 5
1.1.63 ( <V%$ ............................................ 115 3
4.1.5 s4j ` ............................................... 236
1.1.65 #j%V 3 >F ? h f% ................................... 94 ? >?&...................................... 14
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
1.2.41 t *%# 3 Ld& ...................................... 96
6.1.103 V%)j (& "! ) .................................... 24
3
1.2.45 0>? Wf%V9Ld& L%"V "W*< ......................... 2 6.1.104 (%"W"n ..................................................... 15
1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ............................................ 4 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n .............................................. 72
! *4 L%"V "W* ............................ 258
1.2.47 oj ( ) 6.1.107 "< >F &? .................................................. 22
1.2.64 ) %%<4*\41 *">p_ ............................. 12 6.1.110 ")5)j ............................................... 88
1.3.4 ( ">p_ V%& ............................................. 18 3
6.1.111 sV hV.................................................. 162
1.3.7 nF .............................................................. 16 6.1.112 %V 3 9 ......................................... 103
1.3.8 #\V"^V4 ................................................... 23 3
6.1.68 Q#%j 3 "5 V
W`T%?V ) 3
t ! Q# ................... 97
1.4.1 O*2%9%W4*% )!U% .......................................... 77 6.1.69 3o%}^4& .......................................... 21
1.4.103 ">p" ................................................... 17 6.1.90 O...................................................... 131
1.4.103 ) & ........................................................... 8 6.1.93 yVj\)j& ............................................ 187
3
1.4.110 ">9%<j>)%(< .......................................... 11 6.4.11 t It o)t(t( 4ktkt|tQjVt jVtL\%%<..3 159
3
1.4.13 d%d">"fW%"W Ld4$< .................. 20 6.4.134 6j j(& ............................................. 267
1.4.17 o%"W)>?(%<%( 4 ..................................... 75 6.4.136 ">p%1% " dj& ........................................ 268
3
1.4.18 d"n p< ...................................................... 76 6.4.140 OVj f%Vj& .............................................. 79
3
1.4.21 ab1 ab>n(< ............................................. 16 6.4.143 4 & ......................................................... 256
4
1.4.22 4*dj"Z>n( x*>n( ...................................... 10 6.4.148 d4"V n................................................ 249
1.4.3 dF %%_ (W` ............................................. 127 6.4.3 (%"< ............................................................ 41
1.4.4 ( 4d>3%(%>{G` ...................................... 230 6.4.4 ( "V)tnV)t ................................................ 217
1.4.5 >%"< ........................................................... 232 6.4.6 (t n........................................................... 184

290
Index

6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ ....................... 138 7.1.95 VtFGjk& ................................................ 156
6.4.79 "{Gd%& ..................................................... 224 7.1.96 "{Gd%! n .................................................. 235
6.4.8 )>?(%<%( 4 n%)}^_ .................................... 95 7.1.97 ">p%1% VtV`d%"W"n .................................. 161
6.4.80 >%\)j& ................................................. 225 7.2.100 "n 9 sV& ............................................ 216
? ................................ 140
6.4.82 9( 4*%nj)!djv >F 3
7.2.101 9%d% 9)V9%< ............................... 67
6.4.83 u& )" ................................................... 172 7.2.102 W%W`(%<& ............................................ 120
6.4.84 >1%?E .................................................... 177 7.2.115 nj ""V ............................................ 102
6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj& ............................................... 152 7.2.85 9%dj Q"# .................................................. 189
7.1.12 %")5)%"<(%%&.................................... 27 7.2.99 "GnV9j& "{Gd%! "V)tnV)t............................ 215
7.1.13 4 d&? ........................................................... 30 7.3.102 )"5 n ..................................................... 28
7.1.14 )>?(% & .................................................
x 50 3
7.3.103 ab>n( 4 4V .......................................... 36
7.1.15 ")j& %" (_ ..................................... 51 7.3.104 u") n ................................................... 39
7.1.16 >F %?"Wj (>j >% ....................................... 60 7.3.105 O" n% & ............................................. 195
7.1.17 )& \` ...................................................... 49 7.3.106 )}^_ n ............................................... 194
7.1.18 y O & ................................................ 193 7.3.107 }%0(? j?o& ...................................... 129
! *% .................................................. 248
7.1.19 ( ) 7.3.108 o v& ............................................. 84
7.1.20 \)j& "\& ............................................. 251 7.3.109 ") n..................................................... 83
3
7.1.22 12 3j * ................................................ 111 7.3.110 sVj ")>?(%<%(dj& ............................ 157
7.1.23 o<j( ? ) 3
! *%V ............................................ 259 7.3.111 T4"? "V ..................................................... 87
3
7.1.24 Vj< ..................................................... 247 7.3.112 O(%&................................................ 130
7.1.25 W 32 3 2V9%"W& & ............................. 255 7.3.113 d%2% & .................................................. 196
7.1.52 O"< )>?(% & ) ........................................
3 52 7.3.114 )>?(% & %V o ................................ 200
7.1.53 G45d& ...................................................... 118 7.3.116 4 9% % `& ........................................ 133
7.1.54 o(% j ( 3 ............................................. 40 3
7.3.117 S&W 3%< ................................................ 211
! * #n& ........................................ 252
7.1.72 ( ) 3
7.3.118 yV ...................................................... 104
7.1.73 S*j"n ">p_ .......................................... 260 7.3.119 T4& .................................................... 89
7.1.74 VtV`d%"W1 p%"1V ! ! >! W 3 v%#> .............. 273 3
7.3.120 Oj (%"{Gd%< ...................................... 86
7.1.75 "W"f)jk%<(W%|& ....................... 266 3
8.2.24 9%V ) .................................................. 163
3
7.1.9 Vj "p) w) ................................................. 29 8.2.7 (#j & L%"V "W*% .................................. 99
3
7.1.90 vjVj "V .................................................. 186 8.3.59 OW4\Lddj& ........................................... 42
7.1.92 )9)}^_ ............................................. 101 8.4.2 3*%3(>%d4" ................................... 25
7.1.93 (3 )_ ..................................................... 93 8.4.37 W% .................................................... 26
7.1.94 s&\(W!)j( 4Q)%! n ............................. 158 4
8.4.56 >%>)%(...................................................... 38

291
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2

292
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