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Part 2- AjantapumlingaH to
AjantanapumsakaH
Editor : Medh Michika, AVG, Anaikatti
P ini-Stra
through
Laghusiddhntakaumud
Part 2
"! #$%& ~ ! *"#$%&
( )
Medh Michika
AVG Anaikkatti, 2016
Copyright 2016 by Medh Michika
All rights reserved.
The contents of this work may not in any shape or form be reproduced
without permission of Medh Michika.
All profit from the sales of this book goes towards the activities initiated
by r Pjya Svam Daynanda Sarasvat.
Table of Contents
i
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
ii
Table of Contents
iii
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
Abbreviations:
iv
"5 6$%& . .5
Now, among the six "#$s, the masculine words ending with vowel will be discussed.
n3 4 d41%! V4 3
%& \]%&, <%( "#$& d41%! V4 "5 6$%&, %& n V4 "5 6$%& - "5 6$%&
1
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
The next two stras are the only stras which give L%"V "W*-)!U%.
0>? V 1/1
3 f%V& 1/1 Ld& 1/1 L%"V "W*< 1/1
3
Excluding f%V, Ld, and Ld-ending word, the meaningful original form of word
(a group of letters) gains L%"V "W*)!U%.
This stra is applicable to \]. "| refers to this stra to define L%"V "W*
without "|. For example, 9%< as W\90 G, *jW2Q, etc.
1
3 ">"QVW%W4W Q< 3 When Ld is mentioned, it should be understood
( -) LdQ4 d%V )
as the one which starts from what is enjoined with Ld and ends with the Ld. (L*t "V and Ld
together.)
2
"5 6$%& . .5
3
beginning teaches 1.2.45 0>? V, a stra which enjoins L%"V "W*-)!U%, because L%"V "W* is
predominantly an h4\ (to which ) , 3 ">f4d, is given in )""f).
3
f(< >(< 3
S%W_ 3 U%->%9%d 0>? V3 S"V
L"V>?< )!
For not giving L%"V "W*-)!U% to each letter such as f, 3 , (, 3 etc., 0>? V3 is told.
Q(3 S%W_ (#j %"W-O "|->%9%d f%V& S"V
3
In order to avoid (#j from Q( (Q( 3 #/
+ 3 *V?"9/III/1), f%V& is told.
3
. Ld& S"V G Ld W< O> ?V4, VG *& Ld 9& 9& n Ld% 9& LdQ "9p%1d% Ld\]%V 3
3
VW ">"f& V& OQ Ld< Ld% 3 S%"W
<n
In Ld&, the word Ld is repeated twice. One is conveying Ld itself, and the
other is conveying Ld% by "9p%1% LdQ4 VW Q<.3
3
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
1/3
3
*t V-V"^V-)<%)%& n 0 ~ L%"V "W*< 1/1
3
By this stra, *t W and V"^V% get L%"V "W*-)!U% which was debarred by the word
Ld& in the previous stra.
The word )<%) in this stra excludes >%s from L%"V "W*-)!U% unless otherwise
termed )<%). In this sense, this word is "(d<. >% was not excluded in the previous stra,
and now )<%) is told which can be redundant. In such case, ")^4 )"V O9i& "(d<%d, it is
understood as restriction.
Note:
n, 3 * , 3 etc. )<%)% -V"^VLd-ending )<%) is considered to be V"^V% . [p x 1-162]
)<%) is for the >%. This is not considered to be Ld% because there is no suffix to
3 ">"QVW%W4W Q<
9%< + V yet. The "9p%1% LdQ4 d%V ) 3 makes it clear.
4
"5 6$%& . .5
3
The next stra enjoins 21 ) -Lds after L%"V "W*.
3 L0<% < y
[LSK] ) y ) S"V 3 3 "ZV`d% % %< "p)
3 \) S"V 3 3 VtV`d% 4 %< )
S"V 3 3 nV0
S"V
3
")5 %< ) 3
S"V 3
<` ) u) 3
O< 3 1` " u) )
S"V 3 S"V
3 )<`
P ini did not define L0<%, "ZV`d%, etc., terms. Hence #T")^% W_<W`*%9 gives those
terms to each triplet of ) . 3
5
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
[ "f*%9)FG<]3 3
4.1.1 % -L%"V "W*%V 3
From here onward, until the end of 5th chapter, Lds are enjoined after `, O , 3 and
L%"V "W*.
3
`-O -L%"V "W*%V 5/1
3 ~ Ld& 1/1 n 0 Ld& 1/1
This stra governs the entire 4th and 5th chapter, in which ) -Ld,
3 {G`Ld, and
V"^VLd are taught.
6
"5 6$%& . .5
Ld& 1/1
1 word in the )FG
Ld& 1/1 This is )!U%; as an "f*%9, this word is read with other stras, and words in
)<%(%"f*9, in 1st case, are termed Ld.
This stra governs the entire 3rd, 4th and 5th chapter, in which )(%"WLd, *t V-Ld,
3
3
"V-3 Ld, ) -Ld, {G`Ld, and V"^VLd are taught.
[ "f*%9)FG<]3 3.1.2 9
And it (Ld) is after.
9& 1/1 n 0
2 words in the )FG
9& 1/1 After; where Ld should be affixed is told; by this stra, Lds are
understood as suffix.
n 0 Connecting to the previous stra.
3
Having made the topic as thus, after `-ending word, O -ending word, and L%"V "W*,
) 5 etc., are the suffixes.
7
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
[LSK] ) & 6/1 G`" 1/3 G`" 1/3 >n(%"( 1/3 *\& 0 *>n(-"Z>n(-ab>n(-)!U%"( 1/3 & III/3
3
Each triplet of ) -Ld, each Ld is termed *>n(, "Z>n(, and ab>n( respectively.
With these two sets of )!U%s, namely seven ">p", divisions (L0<%, "ZV`d%, etc.,) and
3
three >n(s, numbers (*>n(, "Z>n(, etc.,) all the 21 ) -Lds are termed uniquely.
L0<% )5 y )3
"ZV`d% <3 y 3 \) 3
nV0 4 %< 3 ) 3
1` ) 3 u) 3 O< 3
)<` " u) 3 ) 3
8
"5 6$%& . .5
3
After defining L%"V "W* and ) -Ld, declension starts.
The first group is -ending masculine words. In #T")^% *_<W`, three types of -
ending masculine L%"V "W* are declined. They are:
1. Plain -ending, like 9%<.
2. -ending )>?(%<. There are further divisions in this category.
3. "( 9? -\]. There is a stra particularly for declining this word.
Before declining L%"V "W*, "| of the word can be studied to see how the word
3 T, 3 which does not have any particular stra for
should be declined. 9%< is made of 9< +
declension.
3
9< H`2%d%< 3 T 3
+ 3
3.3.121 Q# ~ T 3 "5 ) )!U%d%< L%d4
3
9%< + 7.2.116 V h f%d%& ~ >t"^&
9%< 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*< 3
9
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
3
) -Lds and "V-3 Lds are divided and termed *>n(, "Z>n(, and ab>n( by 1.4.102
V%4*>n("Z>n(ab>n(%&.
The next stra teaches that Lds termed *>n( and "Z>n( have to be used when
dual and singular are meant, respectively.
3
Since the ">>% is singular, this stra decides that, out of the 21 ) -ds,
*>n()!U*-Lds, i.e., ),5 <, 3 %, 4 , ")5, ), 3 " are to be used.
3
Out of the seven ) -Lds, which ">p" is used (L0<%, "ZV`d%, etc.,) is decided by
another study. Now, L0<% is taken in the example.
9%< + ) 5 3
4.1.2 o_ )<_ 3 ~ %%"V "W*%V Ld& 9
1.4.103 ) & ~ G`" G`" *\& *>n("Z>n(ab>n(%"(
1.4.22 4*dj"Z>n( x*>n( 4
9%< + ) 3 1.3.2 h W4\4 ((%")* SV 3 1.3.9 V #j &
W-)!U% 1.4.14 )" ! W< 3
9%< 5 8.2.66 )) 1j 5 : ~ W
9%< 9 3 1.3.2 h W4\4 ((%")* SV 3 1.3.9 V #j &
To apply 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&, >)%(-)!U% is required. The next stra defines
>)%(-)!U%.
10
"5 6$%& . .5
9%< + ) 5 3
4.1.2 o_ )<_ 3 ~ %%"V "W*%V Ld& 9
1.4.103 ) & ~ G`" G`" *\& *>n("Z>n(ab>n(%"(
1.4.22 4*dj"Z>n( x*>n( 4
9%< + ) 3 1.3.2 h W4\4 ((%")* SV 3 1.3.9 V #j &
W-)!U% 1.4.14 )" ! W< 3
9%< 5 8.2.66 )) 1j 5 : ~ W
9%< 9 3 1.3.2 h W4\4 ((%")* SV 3 1.3.9 V #j &
>)%(-)!U% 1.4.110 ">9%<j>)%(< 3
9%<& 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d& ~ 9&
11
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
Now, the ">>% is two Rmas, or 9%< and 9%<. The next stra tells that the L%"V "W*
should be said only once.
For example, among the same L%"V "W*s, namely 9%<s, when one ">p" is to be
suffixed, only one L%"V "W* remains. The two-ness, or many-ness is expressed by the ) -3
Ld, even after keeping only one L%"V "W*.
9%< + 9%< + L0<% (), y, ))3
9%< + L0<% 1.2.64 ) %%<4*\41 *">p_
9%< + y 1.4.22 4*dj"Z>n( x*>n( 4
12
"5 6$%& . .5
When each one ">p" follows, those L%"V "W*s, whose forms are the same, are seen,
among them, only one form remains.
This meaning covers a certain situation: two L%"V "W*s which are in the same form as
L%"V "W*, but decline differently in some places.
For example, there are two L%"V "W*s <%Vt: one is mother and the other is one which
measures. Because of the difference in "|, derivation, they decline differently in L0<%
and "ZV`d%, but in the same manner in VtV`d% to )<`, as seen in the chart below.
These two <%Vts are not qualified for *\41, since the declension should be in the
same manner in all ">p"s.
As for two 9%<s, they decline in the same way in very ">p", thus *\41 is applied.
9%< + y 3 "QV%d%< is
Here, 6.1.88 >t"^94"n ~ OV )! 3 L%. The next stra is >%W for it.
13
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
5 7
*3 n3 of L0<%/"ZV`d%
1
? >?W`T ?
>F )
14
"5 6$%& . .5
["(14f)FG<]3 6.1.104 (%"W"n ~ L0<dj& >F )? >?& W`T?& >F ? 9dj& *& )!"QV%d%< 3
? >?W`T ? is negated when >? is followed by Sn. 3
>F )
5 7
>? Sn 3 of L0<%/"ZV`d%
1
? >?W`T ?
>F )
( 0 OV 5/1
3 S"n 7/1 L0<dj& 6/2 >F )
? >?& 1/1 W`T&? 1/1 >F ? 9dj& 6/2 *& 1/1 )!"QV%d%< 7/1
3
Words other than *& 5/1 and "n 7/1, which are overridden by OV 5/1
3 and S"n 7/1, are
9%< + y 3
4.1.2 o_ )<_ 3 ~ %%"V "W*%V Ld& 9
1.4.22 4*dj"Z>n( x*>n( 4
3 L%, but it is negated
? >?& ~ *& "n >F ? 9dj& *& )!"QV%d%< is
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
by 6.1.104 (%"W"n
9%<_ 6.1.88 >t"^94"n
15
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
3
Thus ) -Ld 3 to be suffixed.
) is
16
"5 6$%& . .5
3 U% is L% by 1.3.3 Q#<,3 but negated by 1.3.4 ( ">p_ V%&. For this stra,
SV-)!
">p"-)!U% is required first, which is defined by the next stra.
3
Note: By the "9p%1% )!U%">f_ LdQ4 VW Q! (%" , ) and "V 3 here in this stra are
understood as Ld themselves, not Ld- , that which ends with Ld.
17
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
3 is
With the ">p"-)!U%, the next stra, which gives exceptions to 1.3.3 Q#< ,
understood.
["(14f)FG<]3 3 3 < 3
1.3.4 ( ">p_ V%& ~ h W4\ 4 SV Q#
When the last consonant is V>v?, ), 3 <, 3 in ) or
3 "V,3 it is not SV. 3
9%< + ) 3 3
4.1.2 o_ )<_ 3 ~ %%"V "W*%V Ld& 9
1.4.21 ab1 ab>n(< 3
9%< + ) 3 1.3.7 nF, 1.3.4 ( ">p_ V%& ~ Q# 3 <, 3 1.3.9 V #j &
9%<%) 3 ? >?& ~ *& "n >F ? 9dj& *& )!"QV%d%< 3
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
W-)!U% 1.4.14 )" ! W< 3
9%<%5 8.2.66 )) 1j 5 : ~ W
9%<%9 3 1.3.2 h W4\4 ((%")* SV 3 1.3.9 V #j &
9%<%& 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d& ~ 9&
18
"5 6$%& . .5
In the sense of )}jf(, calling somebody to get that persons attention, L0<% (),5 y,
))3 is used by the regulation 2.3.47 )}jf( 4 n ~ L0<%. Thus the forms in )}jf( are the
same as the ones in the first case. However the form in singular of )}jf( can be different,
while the forms in dual and plural are always identical to the ones in L0<% with any
3 )}jf( is given a special
L%"V "W*. To make this difference in the form, the L0<% *>n(< in
term by the next stra.
19
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
In the next stra, $)!U% is defined because it is needed for the next stra to come.
d%V 5/1
3 Ld">"f& 1/1 VW%"W 1/1 Ld4 7/1 $< 1/1
3
In the example of 9%< with )}"^, the $ for )}"^ is 9%<, by 1.4.13
3
d%d">"fW%"W Ld4$< .
9%< (L%"V "W*) + ) 5 (Ld)
20
"5 6$%& . .5
5 1
3 o
/ 3 )}"^
) of
1
#j (V4)
-3 o%V 5/1
3 )}^4& 6/1 ~ Q# 1/1
3 #j & 1/1
[LSK] -3 %V 5/1
3 o- %V 5/1
3 n 0 $%V 5/1
3 Q# 3 V4 III/1 )}^4& 6/1 n4V 03
21
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
Now, in the ">>% of 2nd case dual, 9%< + <, 3 6.1.101 *& )> W`T&? is L%, but 6.1.102
? >?& is the
L0<dj& >F ) >%W. Then the next stra is further >%W.
[">"f)FG<]3 6.1.107 "< >F &? ~ *& "n >F ? 9dj& *& )!"QV%d%< 3
The form >F ? is the one substitute in the place of the >F ? and 9 when * 3 is preceding
3
and n in 3 following.
< is
5 7
*3 3
n in <3
1
>F ?
"< 7/1 >F &? 1/1 ~ *& 5/1 "n 7/1 >F ? 9dj& 6/2 *& 1/1 )!"QV%d%< 7/1
3
)<`.
? <. 3
>F &? 1/1 This is OW4\; >F
*& 5/1 From 6.1.101 *& )> W`T&? ; L%Q%9& *;3 simple vowels; in >F ? <`.
"n 7/1 From 6.1.77 S*j d"n; L%Q%9& n; 3 in 9)<`.
>F ? 9dj& 6/2 From "f*%9)FG 6.1.84 *& >F ? 9dj&; in the place of >F ? ( *)3 and 9 (L0<dj&
n);3 in %( 4djv1`.
*& 1/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.1.84 *& >F ? 9dj&; in the place of two, one substitute.
3
)!"QV%d%< 7/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.1.72; in the topic of sandhi; in ">1d)<`.
The form >F ? is the one substitute in the place of the two when * 3 is preceding and
3
n in 3 following.
< is
9%< + < 3
9%<< 3 6.1.107 "< >F &? ~ *& "n *& >F ? 9dj&
The process of 2/2 is the same as 1/2.
22
"5 6$%& . .5
[)!U%)FG<]3 3
1.3.8 #\V"^V4 ~ h W4\ 4 SV O"W& Ld
In the original texts of grammar, #,3 \, 3 and *>v? letters at the beginning of a Ld
which is not V"^V is SV. 3
#-\-* 1/1 V"^V4 7/1 Ld 6/1 O"W& 1/1 h W4\ 4 7/1 SV 1/1
3
[LSK] V"^V-> -? Ld%%& 1/3 #\*>v%?& 1/3 SV& 1/3 & III/3
#,3 \, 3 and *>v? letters at the beginning of a suffix other than V"^V are termed SV. 3
9%< + \) 3
9%< + ) 3 1.3.8 #\V"^V4 , and 1.3.9 V #j &
9%<%) 3 ? >?& ~ *& "n *& >F ? 9dj& )!"QV%d%< 3
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
? >?& in "! #$, the next stra should follow to
Now, after applying 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
3 (. 3
change the last ) to
23
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
5 6
? >?W`T ?
>F ) 3 \) 3
) of
1
(3
V%V 5/1
3 \)& 6/1 (& 1/1 "! ) 7/1 )!"QV%d%< 7/1
3
? >?W`T%?V 5/1
[LSK] >F ) 3 9& 1/1 d& 1/1 \)& 6/1 )& 1/1 ()*%9& 1/1) V 6/1 (& 1/1 %V III/1
3 "! ) 7/1
? >?W`T ? by 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
After >F ) 3 the substitute in the place of ) of
? >?&, ( is 3 \) 3
in masculine.
? >?W`T%?V 5/1
With all the "9p%1%, >F ) 3 h|9& 1/1 d& 1/1 \)& 6/1 & 1/1 )& 1/1 ()*%9& 1/1) V
6/1
%( 4 7/1 (& 1/1 %V III/1
3 "! ) 7/1
9%< + \) 3
9%< + ) 3 1.3.8 #\V"^V4 , and 1.3.9 V #j &
9%<%) 3 ? >?& ~ *& "n *& >F ? 9dj& )!"QV%d%< 3
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
9%<%( 3 6.1.103 V%)j (& "! )
Now, the 94 can cause , change into , 3 on the last ( by
3 the next stra, but it is
24
"5 6$%& . .5
3
( after 3 replaced by , 3 even though 3, *, , O,3 or (< are
3 is
9/1 3 intervening.
5
Any of 6
W 3 3
9/1 (3
3 (< 3
3/*/ /O/
1
3
7/1 0
3
3-*-%-3 (<->%d4 " 91%%< 5/2
3 (& 6/1 & 1/1 )<%( W4 7/1
[LSK] 3 *>v?& >v?& O 3 (< -3 V&x 3/3 x& 3/3 d0%)i>< 03 "<"#V&x 3/3 n 0 >f%( 4 7/1 " 0
91%%< 5/2
3
25
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
5
Any of 6
W 3 3
9/1 (3
3 (< 3
3/*/ /O/
1
3
3
[LSK] ( 6/1 & 1/1 ( 0 9%<%( 2/3
3
will 3 the end of W.
not become substitute for ( at
26
"5 6$%& . .5
5 6
$ V3 %/")5/) 3
1
3
S(/OV/
%-")5-)%< 6/3
3 S(-OV-%&
3 1/3
V& 5/1 $%V 5/1
3
Even though it is under 6.4.1 $ "f*%9, the section starting from 7.1.1 d>j9(%*_
to 7.1.57 vj W% 4 gives OW4\s and Ov<s to Lds. Thus the 6th case ending word $
should undergo ">p""> "9%< to 5th case.
[LSK] W %V 5/1
3 %W`(%< 6/3
3 S(%Wd& 1/3 & III/3
S( OV, 3 and are substitutes in the place of %, ")5, and ), 3 respectively, when they
are preceded by -ending $.
[LSK] < -3 9%<4
9%< + %
9%< + S( 7.1.12 %")5)%"<(%%& ~ V& $%V 3
9%<4( 6.1.87 O& ~ "n )!"QV%d%< 3
9%<4 3 & )<%( W4
8.4.2 %>%d4" ~ 91%%< (&
27
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
1
W`T ?
7/1
)"5 n 0 V& 6/1 W`T&? 1/1 d" 7/1 $ 6/1
2 words in the )FG, 4 words as (>t"|
)"5 7/1 L%Q%9& ) 5 ; 3 indicating all 21 ) -Lds;
3 in 9)<`.
n 0 Connecting with the previous stra 7.3.101 Vj W`T d" ~ )%>?f%V*4 .
V& 6/1 From 7.3.101 Vj W`T d" ; because this word is ">\41 (adjective) to $,
VW ">"f is applied by 1.1.72 d4(">"fW , and it becomes W with $.
W`T&? 1/1 This is OW4\.
d" 7/1 L%Q%9& d; 3 because this word is #-Q
3 (mentioning of letters) and
)<%(%"f*9 to 7th case ending word )"5 , VW%"W">"f is applied by (>%-) d4( ">"fW%W%>Q4,
3
and it becomes d%W_ with )"5 ; d-beginning 3
) 5 -Lds are: %<, 3 "p), 3 and ). 3
$ 6/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $; in %(d4 jv% 1`.
28
"5 6$%& . .5
5 6
$ V 3 "p) 3
1
w) 3
[LSK] W %V 5/1
3 9 5/1 9 6/1 "p)& 6/1 w) 1/1
3 %V III/1
3
3 the substitute in the place of all the letters of "p), 3 when it is preceded by -
w) is
ending $.
First, 1.1.52 #j is negated by "9p%1% 1.1.54 OW4& 9 because a 5th case
ending word is indicating where the OW4\ should take place, hence the situation where the
3 to be replaced is L%. This is negated by 1.1.55 (*
first letter of "p) is 3 because
4 %"V )>?
3
w) is 4 %#,3 more than one letter, and this stra is 9. By the force of 1.4.2 ">L"V14f 4 9! *%d?<,3
(*
3 is effective. Thus all the letters of "p) are
4 %"V )>?
1.1.55 (* 3 to be replaced.
3 (1.1.55) 9%<x& 3/3
[LSK] ( 4*%"V )>?
9%< + "p) 3
9%< + w) 3 7.1.9 Vj "p) w) 3 ~ $%V 3
9%<x) 3 3 "QV%d%< 3
6.1.88 >t"^94"n ~ OV )!
9%<x& 5 ">)v
29
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
5
6
$ V3 4
1
d
30
"5 6$%& . .5
31
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
3
[K] f%V- $-*t V-V"^V- 3
d-) -"V-3 W-OW4\%& 1/3
OW4\ can inherit these status from %"((: 3 f%V, $, *t , V"^V, d, ), "V,
W.
[K] f%V-OW4\& 1/1 f%V>V 03 p>"V III/1 4p&F ? (2.4.52) p">V%, p">V<, 3 p">V< 3
3 f%V. In Of?f%V*">>% -
) is
pF 2.4.52 4p&F ? ~ Of?f%V*4
pF + Vtn 3 3.1.113 >tn_ ~ f%Vj& Ld&
The OW4\ pF is treated like f%V by 3.1.113 >tn_ .
3
[K] $-OW4\& $>V p>"V 7.2.103 "*<& *& *4 (, *%%<, 3 *x &
3 %< 3
"*< + 3
"*< is $.
* + %< 3 7.2.103 "*<& *& ~ ">p_
*% + %< 3 7.3.102 )" n ~ V& W`T&? d" $
The OW4\ * is treated like $ by 7.3.102 )" n .
3 \& *t ZV p>"V
[K] *t V-OW4 3 L*t , L
L + *t + % 3
% is *t V-Ld.
L + *t + 3 7.1.37 )<%)4( >F j 3
L + *t V* 3 + d 6.1.71 o " "V *t "V V* 3
3 treated like *t V-Ld
The OW4\ is 3 by 6.1.71 o " "V *t "V V* 3 .
3
[K] V"^V-OW4\& V"^V>V p>"V W%"f*<, 3 V(< 3
W"f + * 3 * 3 is V"^V-Ld.
W"f + S* 7.3.50 4*&
W%"f + S* 7.2.117 V"^V4n%<%W4& ~ ""V >t"^&
3 S*
W%f + 6.4.148 d4"V n
The OW4\ S* is treated like V"^V-Ld by 6.4.148 d4"V n .
+ is V"^V-Ld.
+ V 3 d 4.3.23 )%d!"n9... -#_ V 3 n
+V3 ( 7.1.1 d>j9(%*_
The OW4\ ( is treated like V"^V-Ld by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*<. 3
3
[K] d-OW4\& d>V p>"V L, L
L + + %
32
"5 6$%& . .5
33
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
1) #% ">"f&
F j9 4 (
3 )5
F + ) 5 + h9) + 4 < W%0 ~ ab `"Q& )<%)&
2.2.24 (*
3 * 3
F j9) + 5.4.151 h9&Lpt"V& * 3
F j95 + * 8.2.66 )) 1j &
F j9& + * 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&
3 *
F j9 ) + 8.3.38 )j W%W_
Now, the L%"V "W* is declined in 3/1.
F j9 4 (
3 \ as ">)v?,
94 can be the "("<| for by 8.4.2 %>%d4" by considering ) OW4
%"(>V. 3 Note that ">)v? is counted in 3 as djv>%Q.
%(` = : (">)v?&)
OW4\& = ) 3
#% ">"f& = 8.4.2 %>%d4"
3
In the view of 8.4.2 %>%d4" , ) cannot be %"(>V, 3 like ">)v?, because 8.4.2
%>%d4" is ""f, that which depends on #.3
34
"5 6$%& . .5
35
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
adjective to )"5 .
"# 7/1 L%Q%9& #;3 because this word is #-Q
3 and )<%(%"f*9 to 7th case ending
word )"5 , VW%"W">"f is applied by (>%-) d4( ">"fW%W%>Q4, and it becomes #%W_ with
3
)"5 ; #-beginning 3
) 5 -Lds which are termed ab>n( are: "p), 3 ), 3 and ) . 3
3
V 1/1 This is OW4\; V 9*9 is just for clarity.
V& 6/1 From 7.3.101 Vj W`T d" ; because this word is ">\41 (adjective) to $,
VW ">"f is applied by 1.1.72 d4(">"fW , and it becomes W with $.
)"5 7/1 L%Q%9& ) 5 ; 3 indicating all 21 ) -Lds;
3 in 9)<`.
$ 6/1 From "f*%9)FG 6.4.1 $; in %(d4 jv% 1`.
36
"5 6$%& . .5
7/1
[LSK] )" "*< 03 ? n < II/3
3
3 #j 3/*V?"9/II/3
n+
3
n+ <3 3.4.78 "V"{... ~ #
3
n+ 4 3.4.79 "V O ( 4 W%(%! 4 94
3
n+ <3 3.4.91 )>%%! >%<_ ~ #j&
3 \ +
n+ 3 <3 3.1.68 *V?"9 \ 3 ~ )%>?f%V*4
n+ <3
3 #%"W ab>n( Ld, and $ is W . However, because
< is 3 not ) , 3 7.3.103
< is
ab>n( 4 4V 3 ~ V& )"5 $ is not applicable.
37
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
[">"f)FG<]3 3 3
8.4.56 >%>)%(4 ~ #%< n9
The replacement of # 3 with n9 3is optional when >)%(, the absence of letter follows.
6 7
# 3 >)%(
1
n9 3
Optional
9%< + ")5
9%< + OV 3 7.1.12 %")5)%"<(%%& ~ V& $%V 3
9%<%V 3 6.1.101 *& )> W`T&? ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
9%<%W 3 8.2.39 #%! \j 4
9%<%V 3 8.4.56 >%>)%( 4 ~ #%! n9 3
7.3.102 )" n , 7.3.103 ab>n( 4 4V, 3 7.1.12 %")5)%"<(%%& are used respectively.
Note that all of them are for W - $.
38
"5 6$%& . .5
6 7
$ V3 u) 3
39
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
[">"f)FG<]3 3
7.1.54 o(% j ( 3 ~ $%V O<&
( 3-Ov< comes before O<, 3 when o, (W`, or O" -ending $ precedes.
5 6
o/(W`/
$ O< 3
O 3
1
( 3
[LSK] o% %V 5/1
3 (W`- %V 5/1
3 Oa %V 5/1
3 n 0 $%V 5/1
3 9 6/1 O<& 6/1 ( 3-Ov<& 1/1
3
( 3 is the Ov< to O< which 3
is after o-ending, (W`-ending, or O -ending $.
40
"5 6$%& . .5
6 7
$ n3 (%< 3
1
W`T ?
The word W`T ? as OW4\ brings n& 6/1 by 1.2.28 n. n& 6/1 is ">\41 of $ 6/1, thus
VW ">"f by 1.1.72 d4( ">"fW is applied. Read together, $ is understood.
1.1.52 #j is applied.
9%< + O< 3
3
9%< + ( O< 3 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3 ~ O<&
9%<% + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ~ W`T&? $
9%<%%< 3 3 & )<%( W4
8.4.2 %>%d4" ~ 91%%< (&
41
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
9%< + ) 3
9%< + ) (a#j &
9%<4 + ) 7.3.103 ab>n( 4 4V 3
5 6
W% 3 Ld, or
) of
3
S/*
W% 3
) which is OW4\
1
? (1)3
<Ff
42
"5 6$%& . .5
43
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
44
"5 6$%& . .5
The second paradigm of *%9% - "5 6$ is of )>? and other L%"V "W*s which are termed
)>?(%< by the next stra. These L%"V "W*s decline in a different manner because of four
3 U%.
stras which use )>?(%< )!
The basic paradigm of -*%9% )>?(%< L%"V "W* is similar to 9%<-\], except in five
places. The difference is made by four stras which have )>?(%< as a condition.
)>? + ) 3
1 )>? + \` 7.1.17
)>
S1 same as above
)>? + 4
4 )>? + x 7.1.14
)>? x
)>? + ")5
5 )>? + %V 3 7.1.15
)>?%V 3
)>? + O< 3
)>? + ) 3 O< 3 7.1.52
6 )> + )%< 3 7.2.103
)> + 1%< 3 8.3.59
)>1%< 3
)>? + "
7 )>? + "( 3 7.1.15
)>?"( 3
The rest declines like 9%<.
45
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
2
2V9 is suffixed to "*<, 3 dW 3, and VW 3 by 5.3.92 "*! d|Wj "(f%?94 Zdj94* 2V9n 3 to make *V9, dV9, and VV9.
2V< is optionally suffixed to "*<, 3 dW 3, and VW 3 by 5.3.93 >% am(%! %"V "9L 4 2V<n 3 to make *V<, dV<, and
VV<. These 2V9 and 2V< are suffixed to * optionally by 5.3.94 *% L%n%< 3 to make *V9 and *V<.
)>?(%<-)!U% is given to 2V9, 2V<-ending words. Even though there is a "9p%1% )!U%">f_ LdQ4 VW Q!
3 taken here.
(%", if Ld itself is taken, it becomes 0 ?, meaningless. Thus VW Q< is
46
"5 6$%& . .5
11.
12. (<4 half
13. )< )>? (not same)
14. ")< )>? d%?d&
3
9< a"Qdv-h )!%(dj&
This v?-)FG teaches that in order to be counted in the v the word o should
indicate O % (oneself) or O `d (that which belongs to oneself).
22. o oneself, that which belongs to oneself
o< 3 U%"V-f(-O%d%< 3
This v?-)FG teaches that in order to be counted in the v the word should
indicate a"Qdv (that which is outside) or h )!%( (that which is covered).
47
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
In this section, only -*%9% L%"V "W*s in masculine gender are studied. Among
)>?(%<s, -*%9% L%"V "W*s are: )>? ">P hp hpd 2V9 2V< V9 SV9 (<4 )< ")< >F ? 9 >9
W" h|9 9 f9 o 9 and *.
3
Note that W 3 VW 3 dW 3 VW 3 "*< also decline like -*%9% )>?(%< L%"V "W*.
48
"5 6$%& . .5
5
6
)>?(%< V3 )3
1
\`
[LSK] W %V 5/1
3 )>?(% & 5/1 )& 6/1 \` 1/1 %V III/1
3
\` is the substitute in the place of ), 3 when it is preceded by -ending )>?(%<.
4 %%V 5/1
[LSK] (* 3 )>?-OW4\& 1/1
The OW4\ \` is (* 3
4 %# 3 (\ and 3 replaced.
4 %">?, the whole ) is
[). By 1.1.55 (*
Only after getting %"(>%> by 1.1.56 %"(>W%W4\j("f_, \` gets the status of Ld, then \ 3
3 1.3.8 #\V"^V4 .
is termed SV by
[LSK] )> 1/3
)>? + ) 3
)>? + \` 4 %">?
7.1.17 )& \` ~ V& )>?(% &, With the help of 1.1.55 (*
)>? + [ \` gains the status of Ld by 1.1.56 %"(>W%W4\j("f_.
3 termed SV by
Then \ is 3 1.3.8 #\V"^V4 , thus elided by 1.3.9 V #j &
49
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
5
6
)>?(%< V3 4
1
x
50
"5 6$%& . .5
5
6
)>?(%< V3 ")5/"
1
3
%V/"( 3
[LSK] V& 5/1 )>?(% & 5/1 Vdj& 6/2 V_ 1/2 & III/2
[LSK] )>?%V 5/1
3
)>? + ")5
)>? + %V 3 7.1.15 ")j& %" (_ ~ V& )>?(% &
)>?%V 3
51
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
[">"f)FG<]3 3
7.1.52 O"< )>?(% & ) 3 ~ $%V OV 3
) 3-Ov< comes before O<, 3 when >?-ending )>?(%< precedes.
5 6
$ termed
>? O< 3
)>?(%<
1
) 3
)>? + O< 3
3 O< 3 7.1.52 O"< )>?(% & ) 3 ~ $%V OV
)>? + ) + 3 3
52
"5 6$%& . .5
3
[LSK] )>?"( 7/1
)>? + "
)>? + "( 3 7.1.15 ")j& %" (_ ~ V& )>?(% &
)>?"( 3
[LSK] \41< 1/1
3 9%<>V 03
1 hp_
S1 hp_
2 hp_
3 hp%%< 3
4 hp%%< 3
5 hp%%< 3
6 hpdj&
7 hpdj&
53
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
3
The reading of hp-\] in )>%?"Wv is meant for *n-Ld.
3
*n-Ld 3 3 4 &. For achieving the
is enjoined after )>?(%< by 5.3.71 d)>?(% %<*n L%*
form hp*, hp-\] is included in )>%?"Wv.
[LSK] hpd-\] "Z>n(< (3 " hpd& hpd4 hpd< 3 hpd%( 3 hpd4( hpd x& hpd x hpd4&
hpd%V 3 hpd4& hpd hpd41%< 3 hpd"( 3 hpd41
1 hpd& hpd4
S1 hpd hpd4
2 hpd< 3 hpd%( 3
4 hpd x hpd4&
5 hpd%V 3 hpd4&
6 hpd hpd41%< 3
7 hpd"( 3 hpd41
2V9 and 2V< in )>%?"Wv are Lds. By the "9p%1% LdQ4 VW Q<,3 words which
end with these suffixes are understood.
They are namely *V9, dV9, VV9, *V9, *V<, dV<, VV<, *V<. They all decline like )>? in
masculine.
[LSK] (<4 S"V 0 f 7/1
3
(<4 is in the sense of half. Its )>?(%<-)!U% is optional when ) follows. This is told by
1.1.33 L0<n9<Vd% %?*"V d(<4 %.
[LSK] )<& 1/1 )>? d%?d& 1/1 V d%?d& 1/1 V 0 ( 0, d0%)<(W4\& )<%(%< (1.3.10)
3 S"V 0 U% *%V 5/1
3
)< can mean both all and same. In )>%?"Wv, )< is a synonym of )>?, all. If it
3 6/3 as seen in P inis own stra 1.3.10
means V, same, it declines as )<%(%< in
d0%)<(W4\& )<%(%<.3
When )< is a synonym of )>?, )>?(%<-)!U% is given and it declines like )>?.
54
"5 6$%& . .5
()>?(%<-)!U%-L*9<)3
1.1.27 )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"( )>?(%<%"( 36
1.1.32 ">p%1% ") 36
1.1.33 L0-n9<-Vd- -f?-*"V d-(<4 % ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(
1.1.34 >F ? 9%>9W"j|9% 9%f9%" >%d%<)!U%d%< 3 ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(
1.1.35 o<U%"Vf(%%d%< 3 ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(
1.1.36 9! a"Qdvj )!%(dj& ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(
3
By 1.1.27, )>?(%<-)!U% is L% for all the 35 types of L%"V "W* in )>%?"W-v in all 21 ) -Lds.
From 1.1.32 to 1.1.36, )>?(%<-)!U% is told to be optional (">p%1%) for certain L%"V "W*s
3
when ) follows.
Since (<4 , and nine L%"V "W*s starting from >F ? are listed in )>%?"W-v, )>?(%<-)!U% was
L%% by 1.1.27. However, the following stras teach that )>?(%<-)!U% is ">p%1% for them when
3
) follows. This kind of option is called L%% ">p%1%, option to what was available.
Since 6 types of L%"V "W*s starting from L0<, in 1.1.33 are not listed in )>%?"W-v, )>?(%<-
)!U% was not L%% by 1.1.27. 1.1.33 teaches that optional )>?(%<-)!U% is given for them when ) 3
follows. This kind of option is called L%% ">p%1%, option to what was not available.
These are the stras which modify the suffixes after )>?(%<s.
7.1.14 )>?(% & x ~ 4 &
7.1.15 ")j& %" (_ ~ )>?(% &
7.1.16 >F %?"Wj (>j >% ~ ")j& %" (_ )>?(% &
7.1.17 )& \` ~ )>?(% &
55
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
">p%1% 1/1 The )!U% is optional; this type of ">p%1% is called L%-">p%1%, an option for what
is already given; here, )>?(%<)!U% is already given to those seven L%"V "W*s in a certain
sense, but the )!U% becomes optional because of this stra.; Such option is called L%-
">p%1%.
") 7/1 L%"V "W* is ); 3 L0<% *>n(< of
3 ) -Ld;
3 in 9)<`.
)>?(%<%"( 1/3 This is )!U%.
56
"5 6$%& . .5
3T
KT
6T
[LSK] >%d%<3 "*<?3 W"%& 1/3 v%0*%& 1/3, *\#%& 1/3 S0&? 1/1
3 Skilful singers of Pur as. Here
What is the necessity of the word>%d%<?
W" means *\#, skilful, which does not necessarily require a referential point.
57
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
The word o has four meanings: 1. O % oneself, 2. O `d& that which belongs to
3
oneself, 3. U%"V& a relative, 4. f(< wealth. By this stra, only in the sense of the first two, o
optionally gains )>?(%<-)!U% in ). 3
[LSK] U%"V-f(- ->%"n(& 6/1 o\] 6/1 L%% 1/1 )!U% 1/1 ") 7/1 >% 0
For the word o, indicating things other than a relative and wealth, the )!U% which is
3
already gained by 1.1.27 )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"( is optional when ) follows.
[LSK] o4 1/3, o%& 1/3 ; O `d%& 1/3, O %(& 1/3 S"V 0 >% 0
By this stra, two forms are available in ). 3 The meaning should be that which
belongs to oneself.
[LSK] U%"V-f(- ->%"n(& 6/1 V 0 o%& 1/3 U%Vd& 1/3 0%?& 1/3 >% 0
Whereas, the form of the word o indicating relatives and wealth is only one, o%&,
meaning relatives or wealth.
58
"5 6$%& . .5
[LSK] a% 4 7/1 "9f%(`d4 7/1 n 0 7/1 9\] 6/1 L%% 1/1 )!U% 1/1 ") 7/1 >% 0
For the word o, indicating outer and under-garment, the )!U% which is already
3
gained by 1.1.27 )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"( is optional when ) follows.
[LSK] 94 1/3, 9%& 1/3 vtQ%& 1/3; a% %& 1/3 S"V 0 0&? 1/1
Houses which are located in outer area.
[LSK] 94 1/3, 9%& 1/3 \%"*%& 1/3; "9f%(`d%& 1/3 S"V 0 0&? 1/1
Under-garment.
3
The last three )!U%)FGs give option to )>?(%<-)!U% for nine L%"V "W*s when ) follows.
And this type of option is called L%-">p%1% because those L%"V "W*s are listed in )>%?"Wv, thus
)>?(%<-)!U% had already been given by 1.1.27 )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"(.
3
The next stra gives option to %V and 3
"( 7.1.15 ")j& %" (_ .
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
5 6
>F %?"W nine ")5/"
1
Optional
3
%V/"( 3
[LSK] & 5/3 ")j& 6/2 %" (_ 1/2 >% 0 & III/2
? %V, 3 >F %?V 3 >F "? (, 3 >F
[LSK] >F
>F ? + ")5
>F ? + %V 3 7.1.16 >F %?"Wj (>j >% ~ ")j& %" (_
? %V 3
>F
4
>F ? + ")5
>F ? + OV 3 7.1.12 %"))%"<(%%&
? %V 3
>F
[LSK] >< 03 9%W`(%< 6/3
3 \41< 1/1
3 )>?>V 03
In the same manner, 9 etc. declines. The rest declines like )>?.
60
"5 6$%& . .5
-*%9% - "5 6$-)>?(%< Type B: >F ,? 9, >9, W", h|9, 9, f9, o, 9 (9)
1 >F /
>F %?&
S1 >F /
>F %?&
\41 ! )>?>V 3
3
)>?(%< is optional when ) follows
1.1.34 >F ? 9%>9W"j|9% 9%f9%" >%d%<)!U%d%< 3 ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(
1.1.35 o<U%"Vf(%%d%< 3 ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(
1.1.36 9! a"Qd?vj )!%(dj& ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(
3
%V/"( 3 \ is optional
OW4
7.1.16 >F %?"Wj (>j >% ~ ")j& %" (_
61
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
For the first six L%"V "W*s, which have got )>?(%<-)!U% as L%">p%1%, the rest other than
3
) declines like 9%<.
62
"5 6$%& . .5
-*%9% - "5 6$-)>?(%< Type D: L0<, n9<, Vd-ending, , f?, and *"V d (6)
1 L0<4/L0<%&
S1 L0<4/L0<%&
\41 ! 9%<>V 3
1 ( 4<4/( 4<%&
S1 ( 4<4/( 4<%&
\41 ! )>?>V 3
3
)>?(%< is optional when ) follows
1.1.33 L0<n9<Vd% %^?*"V d(<4 % ~ ">p%1% ") )>?(%<%"(
63
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
Side note:
There are three types of ">p%1%.
In L%">p%1%, what is already given is first negated (( p>"V), then optionally given
again (p>"V). This is called ">"f<Y.
On the other hand, in L%">p%1%, what is not gained is given first (p>"V), then
optionally negated (( p>"V). This is called "(14f<Y.
In the case of hpdG">p%1%, the option cannot be told in both ">"f<Y and "(14f<Y at the
same time. To solve this problem, ">p%1% is defined as ( >% S"V.
The )!U%)FG 1.1.44 (>4"V ">p%1% teaches that first "(14f (() is given so that both L%">p%1%
and L%">p%1% are evened out ()<`*9). Only after then ">* (>%) is given to both.
64
"5 6$%& . .5
9)<`.
>% 0 )>?(%<-)!U% is optional.
)>?(%<V% 1/1 )>?(% & p%>& )>?(%<V%, the status of )>?(%<.
[LSK] "ZV`d x 4/1, "ZV`d%d 4/1 S%"W 1/1 >< 03 VtV`d& 1/1
S1
4 "ZV`d x/"ZV`d%d
5 "ZV`d%V/3 "ZV`d%V 3
7 3
"ZV`d"(/"ZV`d4
\41 ! 9%<>V 3
3
)>?(%< is optional when "V Ld follows
(>%"V?*<)3 V`d " >% ~ )>?(%<V%
65
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
9! a"Qdvj )!%(dj& ~ ">p%1% "), and optional forms when ")5 and " are
following by 7.1.16 >F %?"Wj (>j >% ~ ")j& %" (_
C. Basic -*%9% 3
)>?(%< declension + optional )>?(%<-)!U% for ) (L%-">p%1%)
(<4
The difference is made by optional )>?(%<-)!U% by 1.1.33 L0<n9<Vd% %?*"V d( 4<%
The following L%"V "W*s which are not enumerated in )>%?"Wv can decline like )>?(%<
optionally in certain places.
66
"5 6$%& . .5
6 7
9% n 3 ">p"
1
Optional
9) 3
67
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
Now a question arises. The L%"V "W* "( 9? is derived from 9%, but not exactly 9%. The stra
7.1.101 9%d% 9)V9%< 3 is for 9%. Can this stra still be applicable to 9)?3 The answer
is given by the next "9p%1%.
( "9p%1%) W%$%"f*%94 V n VW n
In the section of W and $, the entity mentioned in a stra indicates itself and
that which ends with that.
By this "9p%1%, not only the word 9% (V) but also the word "( 9? (VW ) is
understood because the stra 7.1.101 9%d% 9)V9%< 3 is in $- "f*%9.
68
"5 6$%& . .5
Here, another question arises. The stra 7.1.101 9%d% 9)V9%< 3 tells 9% should
be replaced by 9).3 Here, "( 9? has 9, not 9%. The last long vowel has shortened by
1.2.48 vj"{Gdj ) (? ~ o& in the process of compound. The next "9p%1% gives the
answer.
the same.
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
By all these "9p%1%s, 7.1.101 9%d% 9)V9%< 3 is applicable to the word 9). 3 And
")"^ is as follows:
"( 9? + y
3 y
"( 9? ) + 7.1.101 9%d% 9)V9%< 3 ~ "n ">p_
"( 9? )_
4
"( 9? _
3
[LSK] 4 Q#%W_ n 9%<>V
3 \ is not taken, and also in the place where Q#%"W-Ld follows, thus
When 9)-OW4
7.1.101 9%d% 9)V9%< 3 is not applicable, "( 9? -\] declines like 9%<.
Declension of "( ?9 ( - -! 3)
3 "( ?9)%/"( 9?
4
4 "( ?9)4/"( 9? %d
6 "( ?9)&/"( ?9 3
"( ?9)j&/"( 9? dj& "( ?9)%</"( 9? %%< 3
\41 ! 9%<>V 3
3 \ when
Optional 9)-OW4 %"W-Ld follows
7.1.101 9%d% 9)V9%< 3 ~ "n ">p_
70
"5 6$%& O. .5
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
[">"f)FG<]3 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n ~ ( >F )? >?& W`T?& S"n >F ? 9dj& *& )!"QV%d%< 3
3
? >?W`f? does not happen when W`T ? is preceding and Sn or
>F ) 3 following.
) is
5 7
3 L0<%/"ZV`d%
Sn of
W`T ?
or ) 3
1
? >?W`T ?
>F )
W`T%?V 5/1
3 ") 7/1 n 0 ( 0 S"n 7/1 L0<dj& 6/2 >F )
? >?& 1/1 W`T&? 1/1 >F ? 9dj& 6/2 *& 1/1 )!"QV%d%< 7/1
3
72
"5 6$%& O. .5
Examples of situations that 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n can cover while 6.1.104 (%"W"n
cannot are:
1) ">P % + ) 3 3 not following ( ) is
>? is preceding, but Sn is 3 -beginning)
= ">P %&
2) `+y >? is not preceding. Instead, W`T ? precedes.
= _
3) `+ )3 3 not following.
>? is not preceding, Sn is
= &
The steps are the same in )}"^ as in 1/1. Forms in )}jf( in dual and plural are
always the same as L0<%, thus not mentioned.
">P % + < 3
">P %< 3 6.1.107 "< >F &? This negates 6.1.102 L0<dj& 9F )>?&
">P % + \) 3
">P % + ) 3
3
">P + )3 6.4.140 OVj f%Vj& ~ p $ #j &
This operation requires p-)!U% which is introduced by the next four stras, followed
by the ">"f)FG.
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
) 1/1
3 ! * 6/1 ~ )>?(%<%(< 1/1
( ) 3
3
) -Lds which are termed )>?(%<%(
"\ )5 y )3
"\ <3 y 3
3
"\ is OW4\ to ) and 3 neuter by 7.1.20
\) in ! *%V. 3 This "\ is termed
\)j& "\ ~ ( )
3
)>?(%<%( by 1.1.42 "\ )>?(%<%(< .
74
"5 6$%& O. .5
3
[LSK] * -Ld- >"f1 7/3 o%"W1 7/3 )>?(%<%( 41 7/3 >F <
? 1/1
3 W< 1/1
3 %V III/1
3
When suffixes starting with ) and ending with * , 3 other than )>?(%<%( follow, that
which is before them is termed W.
The word >F < 3
? comes ? .
from 1.1.66 V"""V "("Wk 4 >F
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
)>?(%<%(.
3
Note: Being )>?(%<%( is a prerequisite for p-)!U%. In neuter, only "\ (substitute for ) and
\))3 are termed )>?(%<%(. Thus, a L%"V "W* which is followed by \` (content is [, OW4\ for y
! `.
and y 3 in neuter) gains p-)!U%. Its examples are ) 0` and ) )
3 y
) "0( +
3 \`
) "0( + ! *% ~ y& \`
7.1.19 ( )
3 [
) 0+ t %< 3
7.1.88 p 4 # & ~ "0< p
3 y
! +
) )
) ) 3 \`
! + ! *% ~ y& \`
7.1.19 ( )
! `
) ) ! j) 3 ~ )>?(%<%( 4 is not applicable.
7.1.89 )
76
"5 6$%& O. .5
O 0 *2%9%V 5/1
3 *% 1/1 )!U% 1/1
? 03 (2.2.38) *2%9%& *<?f%9d4 S"V 0 V& 0 L%* 3 0 * 6/1 *% 1/1 > 0 )!U% 1/1 U4d% 1/1
[LSK] SV& 0 l <
After this stra, and before the stra 2.2.38 *2%9%& *<?f%9d4, only one )!U% is given for
one entity.
When only one )!U% is to be taken, how is it decided? This is answered here.
[LSK] d% 1/1 9% 1/1 (>*%\% 1/1 n 0
That which is told in 9)FG, or the one which does not have scope outside the scope
of another one.
The word "(9>*%\ is explained in the "`.
[LSK "` ] "(9>*%\! n hv?- L%"-#4 n%"9V% -? p%> < 3
"(9>*%\ is the absence of utility where hv?)GF is not applicable.
For example, hv? is 6.1.87 O&, and >%W is 6.1.88 >t"^94"n, which is "(9>*%\.
hv?-L%"-# is >? + n. 3 hv?- L%"-# is other than that, such as Sn +
3 n. 3 The >%W
? ) only within hv?-L%"-#, not in hv?- L%"-#.
stra 6.1.88 >t"^94"n works (has n"9V- 0
Thus, 6.1.88 >t"^94"n is considered to be "(9>*%\.
hv?- L%"-#
hv?
>%W
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
3 masculine and feminine, both W-)!U% and p-)!U% are applicable. Since
As for \) in
this is not ">L"V14f (refer back 1.4.2.">L"V14f 4 9! *%d?<3 and the meaning of Va#">9jf), 9-)FG is
not justified. In ">L"V14f, where two stras are applicable in one occasion, both the stras
should have their scope of operation ()%>*%\), while p is "(9>*%\ to W.
[LSK "` ] Objection: This stra tells the absence of two )!U%s in one target. This stra
does not determine either p)!U% or W)!U% in one target. Then, how do I know that p)!U% only
is to be taken in ">P %-\]? >t"|*%9 tells the answer to the person who is doubting such.
Note that p x<`*%9 has a different opinion from >t"|*%9 and "`*%9. p x<`*%9 does not
accept 9 because there is no ">L"V14f situation between p and W. On the other hand,
>t"|*%9 and "`*%9 take "(9>*%\ as well as 9 in this.
78
"5 6$%& O. .5
6
p f%V OV 3
1
#j
[LSK] O*%9% & 1/1 d& 1/1 f%V& 1/1 VW 6/1 p 6/1 $ 6/1 #j & 1/1 (1.1.52) #j
There is #j in the place of the last letter of the $ termed p, which ends with O-
ending f%V.
">P % + \) 3
3
">P + )3 6.4.140 OVj f%Vj& ~ p $ #j &
">P & 8.2.66 )) 1j 5 :, 8.3.15 Y9>)%(dj">?) (? `d&
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
3
In p, the last O is dropped, ">P + ), 3 O, etc.
6.4.140 OVj f%Vj& ~ p $ #j &
? >?W`T ? is denied.
>F )
? >?& W`T&?
6.1.105 W`T%? ") n ~ S"n L0<dj& >F )
80
"5 6$%& O. .5
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
82
"5 6$%& S. .5
6 7
$ o )3
1
v
83
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
6 7
$ o )}"^
1
v
84
"5 6$%& S. .5
\]-o <3 is supplied ( %Q%9), and qualified by the words in the stra, for
applying VW ">"f. \]o , a group of letters which ends with o-S or o-h, which is not
of the one termed (W`.
This stra works even without the word \41&, because 1.4.6 ""V o is >%W to
this stra. This statement is just for easy understanding.
[LSK] o_ 1/2 d_ 1/2 SW 3-hV_ 1/2 VW < 1/1
3 )"Y-> <? 1/1
3 "T-)!U< 1/1
3
Those o S and h ending words, which are not termed (W` are termed "T, excluding
the word )"Y.
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
5 6
"T %
1
(%
86
"5 6$%& S. .5
6 7
"T 3 5 3
"V )
1
v
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
[">"f)FG<]3 6.1.110 ")5)j ~ & "V >F &? *& >F ? 9dj& )!"QV%d%< 3
When 3 is followed by ")5 or ), 3 >F
? is the one substitute for the two.
5 7
3 3 ")5/) 3
V of
1
?
>F
")5)j& 6/2 n 0 & 5/1 "V 7/1 >F &? 1/1 *& 1/1 >F ? 9dj& 6/2 )!"QV%d%< 7/1
3
88
"5 6$%& S. .5
Q"9 + O< 3
Q"9 + (%< 3 7.1.54 o-(% j ( 3 ~ O<&
Q9` + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ~ $ W`T&?
Q9`%< 3 8.4.2 3*%(3 >%d4" ~ (& &
[">"f)FG<]3 3
7.3.119 T4& ~ S&'%< yV 3 &
4
This stra has two *%d?s, effects:
1) " (7/1) after S/h is replaced by y,
5 6
S/h "
1
y
6 7
"T "
V 1/1
3 n 0 T4& 6/1 ~ S&'%< 5/2
3 yV 1/1
3 4 & 6/1
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
y is the substitute in the place of " which is after short S or h. Also short is the
substitute in the place of the last letter of "T-)!U*-\].
90
"5 6$%& S. .5
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
By "T-)!U%-">f%d*-)FG 1.4.7 \41j $)"Y, the word )"Y was excluded. This word is the
second S-*%9% - "5 6$ word in #T")^% *_<W`.
)<%(! %dV4 ( x& (one who is called the same by people) S"V )Y%
3 % L*0( 4 (2P) to tell + S 3
)<%( + < + 3
(h-) 4-138 )<%( 4 & ) njW%|& ~ S "2V 3
3 S
)+Y+ 3 #j , and Ld is like "2V, 3 thus "-part
By the same stra, )<%( becomes ), d is
is #j . (a#j and )(*.3
)"Y
3
h%"WLds are considered to be *t V-Ld by 3.3.1 h%Wdj ab#< 3
By being *t W , this is L%"V "W* by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%
92
"5 6$%& S. .5
6 7
)"Y ),5 not )}"^
1
( 3
[LSK] )& 6/1 $ 6/1 ( 3 1/1 OW4\& 1/1 )}^_ 7/1 )_ 7/1
( 3 is the substitute for the last letter of $ )"Y when )}"^ ) 5 is following.
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
The next stra defines h f%-)!U% which is required for the following stra.
h f%
[LSK] %V 5/1
3 #& 5/1 >F &? 1/1 >?& 1/1 h f%-)!U& 1/1
The letter before the last letter is termed h f%.
94
"5 6$%& S. .5
1
W`T ?
)>?(%<%( 4 7/1 n 0 )}^_ 7/1 ~ ( 6/1 h f%d%& 6/1 W`T&? 1/1 $ 6/1
3 words in the )FG; 4 words as (>t"|
)>?(%<%( 4 7/1 Defined by 1.1.42 "\ )>?(%<%(<3 and 1.1.43 )2( )
! *; in 9)<`.
n 0 Connecting the previous stra. (6.4.3 (%"< is up to 6.4.7, then )>?(%<%( 4 n.)
)}^_ 7/1 From 7.1.92 )9)}^_; this is adjective to )>?(%<%(.4
( 6/1 From 6.4.7 (j f%d%&; L%"V "W* is (; 3 1`-ending; adjective to $; by VW ">"f,
this is understood as (-3 $.
h f%d%& 6/1 From 6.4.7 (j f%d%&; in %(d4 jv% 1`.
W`T&? 1/1 From 6.3.111 #j 4 >F
? W`T&; this is OW4\.
$ 6/1 From 6.4.1 $; qualified by (&, this is in )}4 1` to h f%d%&.
[LSK] (- 6/1 h f%d%& 6/1 W`T&? 1/1 )}^_ 7/1 )>?(%<%( 4 7/1
3
W`f? is the substitute for the second to last letter of (-ending $ when )>?(%<%( other
than )}"^ follows.
)"Y + ) 5
)Y 3 ( +
3 )3 7.1.93 ( 3 )_ ~ )& $ )}^_
With the help of 1.1.53 " ~ #&
3 )3
)Y%( + 6.4.8 )>?(%<%( 4 n%)}^_ ~ (& h f%d%& W`T&? $
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
96
"5 6$%& S. .5
[">"f)FG<]3 3
6.1.68 Q#%j 3 "5 V
W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ~ #j &
t Q# 3 of ),5 "V , 3 ") is
3 elided after Q#,3 or `/O which
3 is W`T.?
5 6
Q# 3 or t -Q# 3
1
#j
to t ! Q#.3
[LSK] Q# %V 5/1
3 9< 1/1
3 , W`T 1/2 d_ 1/2 % _ 1/2 VW %V 5/1
3 n 0 9< 1/1
3 )-5 "V-") S"V 0 VV 1/1
3 t < 1/1
3
Q# 1/1
3 V4 III/1
3
t Q# 3 of ),5 "V and
3
") which is after Q#,3 or which is after W`T ? ` or O , 3 is elided.
)"Y + ) 5
)Y 3 ( +
3 )3 7.1.93 ( 3 )_ ~ )& $ )}^_
With the help of 1.1.53 " ~ #&
3 )3
)Y%( + 6.4.8 )>?(%<%( 4 n%)}^_ ~ (& h f%d%& W`T&? $
)Y%( 3 3 "5 V
6.1.68 Q%j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ~ #j &
To be continued
97
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
Side note:
Question #1: Why is W`T%?V3 required to qualify ` and O , 3 while they are W`T ? by
themselves?
3
Answer #1: When `/O -ending word is in conmpound as h|9 W, and when it is
h ) (? (v_), it becomes o-ending by 1.2.48 vj"{Gdj ) (? ~ o&.
<%#%d%& "VH% & "V<%#&
"V + <%#% + ")5 (>%-) "(9%Wd& H% %0 %
"V + <%# vj"{Gdj ) (? ~ o&
"V<#
3
<%#% is a % -ending word. After compounding, the declension will be "V<#& 1/1,
3 "5 V
without )#j by 6.1.68 Q%j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ~ #j & because of not being W`T ?.
Question #3: In the >t"|, the word was brought in. How did it come?
Answer #3: ), "V, ") being Ld, L*t "V which precedes is understood. Making L*t "V
3
">\4, Q# 3 and % become ">\41. Between them VW ">"f is applied.
Question #4: As for the case when Q# 3 is followed by t Q# 3 in this stra, will 8.2.23
)!djv% #j & do the same job?
Answer #4: That is a "G %W` stra. It would create problems such as the following:
3 )5
9% %( +
9% %( 3 3 "5 V
6.1.68 Q%j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ~ #j &
9% % 8.2.7 (#j & L%"V "W*%
3
If the ) was elided by 8.2.23 )!djv% #j &, 8.2.7 (#j & L%"V "W*% would not
work because of the ")^> of the #j of ). 3
98
"5 6$%& S. .5
6
L%"V "W*
(3
and W
1
#j
Here is the reason why ( and L%"V "W* are taken as Ws3:
The main sentence of the stra is (*%9 #j &. Still, ( is not compounded with #j
as (*%9 #j & (#j & (6T) because ( is )<%(%"f*9 to . Just as in (t 9%< )4V&,
compounding 9%< and )4V& is not possible.
3 at the end of what? W. What kind of W? W which is L%"V "W*.
( is
3
a%#<(j9<% explains well the reason for interpretating 1`.
t ,W< 3 O1?& 1+% * 3 (*%9 #j & %V S0
( S"V %(1+ ! 0 3 ?& S"V (*%9 ">\41< 3 V& > n (
">\41-)% 3 \]4( )<%)& ( p>"V )%< %?V 3 V
4 %V #j &? S"V 4 %d%< 3 W S"V "f*t V< 3 >d>1+ < 3
"4 V
W d& d< 3 -V- >d>& d (*%9 #j & S"V *`q\! W< S"V
3 4 %d%! L%"V "W* S"V 1+ < 3
"4 V
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
100
"5 6$%& S. .5
5 1
)>?(%<%( other
)"Y
than )}"^
1
Like "V 3
)"Y + y
3 (%<%(< "V
y being one of the )>?(%<%(, by 7.1.92 )9)}^_ ~ $%V )>? 3 , 3 y will
3 the next stra.
be treated as "V by
101
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
6 7
$ n3 3
"V/"V 3
Ld
1
>t"^
4
3 understood clearly. [B] dG )%%V %(`
S*j v>t^` is not required here because %"(( is 3 ( "("Wk&
)%>?f%V*%0 ?f%V*dj&, ")"n >t"^& - S%W_, VGx>d4 ! "9.Q%1% L>V?V,4 ( V nj ""V S%W_, %"("(W\%V 3
102
"5 6$%& S. .5
5 6
3 3
/ of ")/) 3
1
h
%V 5/1
3 9 6/1 ~ ")5)j& 6/2 V& 6/1 hV 1/1
3 )!"QV%d%< 7/1
3
3 \, short
After "Y, "V, Y`, or V`, with d-OW4 3 substituted by h.
of ")5 and ) is
[LSK] )& 5/1, 6/1
)"Y + ")5
3
) + )3 6.1.77 S*j d"n ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
3 h) 3
) + 6.1.112 %V 3 9 ~ ")5)j& V& hV )!
3 "QV%d%< 3
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
5 6
S/h "
1
y
yV 1/1
3 ~ S&/%< 5/2
3 4 & 6/1
104
"5 6$%& S. .5
105
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
This is "(d<)FG. Even without this stra, "V in )<%) would have gained "T-)!U% by
1.4.7 \41j $)"Y. Still, this stra is started to teach that what is not said in this stra is
excluded. This is said by the >% ")^4 )"V O9i<%(& "(d<%d. What should be understood
by this "(d<)FG is that "V which is not in )<%) does not gain "T-)!U%. For more information
on "(d<)FG, see the appendix of Volume 1.
"V, when not in compound, does not gain "T-)!U%. Thus ">"f)FGs that require "T-)!U%
3
are not applicable. n-)"s are applied instead.
"V + ")5
3
+ )3 6.1.77 S*j d"n ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
3 h) 3
+ 6.1.112 %V 3 9 ~ ")5)j& V& hV )!
3 "QV%d%< 3
5
This "(d< is to tell that "T-)!U% is for "V in )<%) only, not for )<%) ending with "V. To make this
point clear, > is used. For pF "V, the entire word gets "T-)!U%.
106
"5 6$%& S. .5
"V + "
"V + y 7.3.118 yV 3 ~ S&'%< 4
3 &
3 y
+ 6.1.77 S*j d"n ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
_
The rest is like Q"9.
Declension of "V (S- -! 3)
Non-"T-)!U*-S*%9% - "5 6$\]&
S1
2
"V + %
3
% 6.1.77
"V + 4
4
4 6.1.77
"V + ")5
+ 3 ) 3 6.1.77
5
3 h) 3 6.1.112
+
& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
6 same as above
"V + "
7 "V + y 7.3.118
_ 6.1.77
The shaded area is like )"Y.
The rest declines like Q"9.
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
The fourth S*%9% -L%"V "W* is *"V. A distinguishing feature of this L%"V "W* is being
ending with 2"V, a V"^V-Ld denoting measurement.
3 % S"V *"V What is the number of this (how many)? is *"V.
*% )
3 2"V
"*< + 3 % "9<%4 2"V n
5.2.41 "*<& )
* 3 + "V 6.4.143 4 & ~ p "2"V #j &
By being V"^V% , this is L%"V "W* by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)%
108
"5 6$%& S. .5
ab-v->V-2"V 1/1 )
3 % 1/1
*t "G< to *t "G<.8
6
3 V
>V 5 is V"^VLd taught by 5.2.39 dV-VW4 4 & "9<%4 >V 5 3 to make d%>V, 3 V%>V, 3 and V%>V. 3
7
Generally, there is %d (logic) stating *t "G<%*t "G<dj& *t "V<4 *%d?)L! d&, artificial name is
understood in stras. However, this %d is not applicable in the case of )!%-)!U%, as seen in )!U%LW4\
as U% * as follows:
abf%, vf%, V%>^%, *"Vf%, f%, etc. by 5.3.42 )%d% ">f%0 f%
ab*t &, v*t &, V%> t &, *"V*t &, *t &, etc. 5.4.17 )%d%& "Hd%%>t"|v( 4 *t )n 3
8
VFG<"VW4\%02 dWd<)%! )4%Q [M Bh]
109
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
3 %-)!U% is prerequisite for 1 3-)!U% defined in the next two stras. The first one is
)
introduced later in #T")^% *_<W`.
[)!U%)FG<]3 1.1.24 % % 1 3 ~ )
3 %
3
1-ending 3
and (-ending words denoting number are termed 1 3.
denoting numbers.
1 3 1/1 This is )!U%.
3 ( are
3 % which end with 1 or
L%"V "W*s called ) 3 3
six: ( (5), 3
11 (6), 3
)( (7), 3
k( (8),
3
(>( (9), 3
and W\( (10). They are termed 1 3 by this stra.
110
"5 6$%& S. .5
5 6
1 3 3
)/\) 3
1
* 3
*"V + ) 3
*"V 7.1.22 12 3j * 3 ~ \)j&
Unlike #j -elision, there is no need to determine which letter of the suffix is to be
elided because *-3 elision is to elide the whole suffix. This is taught in the next stra.
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3
W\?(< 1/1 From 1.1.60 W\?( ! #j &; this is )!U%.
3 - -\]x
[LSK] *-1 3 & 3/3 *t V< 1/1
3 Ld- W\?(< 1/1
3 H<%V 03 V|!U< 1/1
3 %V III/1
3
The elision of suffix done by the word *3 , 1, and 3 is termed by each name
respectively.
Note that #j is a )!U% denoting elision in general. Under the general category of #j ,
there is a specific category which *,3 1, are
3 in, which is the elision of an entire Ld.
W\?( in particular
W\?( of entire Ld (*,3 1, )3
112
"5 6$%& S. .5
1) * 3
3 V + ) 5
9%< + ) + 2.2.8 1` ~ )<%)& V 1&, 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*< 3
9%< + V 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ~ * 3
9%<V
3
Generally, after *-elision, * 3 does not become a cause for the next effect.
However, there are a few instances where * 3 becomes the cause for another effect.
+ # 3 3.2.123 >V?<%( 4 # 3 ~ Ld& f%Vj& 9
+ "V 3 3.4.78 "V"{... ~ #
3 "V
+\ + 3.1.68 *V?"9 \ 3 ~ )%>?f%V*4
+ "V 2.4.72 "WLpt"V& \ & ~ * 3
_ + "V 7.3.89 hVj >t"^?"* Q"# ~ )%>?f%V*4 " "V ( %)
When * 3 occurs, there is >t"^ of h*%9 which is followed by Q#%"W " V )%>?
3 f%V*, if the
2) 1
1-elision of Ld necessarily causes "Z of f%V which is L*t "V of the Ld.
3 "V
b+\ + 3
3.2.123 >V?<%( 4 # 3, 3.4.78 "V), 3.1.68 *V?"9 \ 3 ~ )%>?f%V*4
b + "V 2.4.75 Qj%"W& 1& ~ \ &
b + b + "V 6.1.10 1_ ~ *n& Z4 L0<
+ Qj + "V %)*%d%?", $*%d%?" n
3) 3
When a suffix is elided by , 3 the >t"| (L*t "V + Ld) takes the gender and number of
L*t "V.
*%! "(>%)& ( W& *9>&
3
* + O< + 3 4.2.69 V "(>%)& ~ 3
* + 3 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ~ * 3
* 4.2.81 ( W4 3
The word * is used in plural, following the gender and number of L*t "V by 1.2.51
" d>W 3 ">n( 4 .
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114
"5 6$%& S. .5
*94 VtV`d%.
$ 6/1 In )}1` to Ld#<; 3 an effect of $ caused by suffix.
Ld#< 3 1/1 From the previous stra.
*"V + ) 3
*"V 7.1.22 12 3j * 3 ~ \)j&
By 1.1.62 Ld#j 4 Ld#<,3 the elided ) can
3 be the cause for v by 7.3.109 ")
n. However, this is negated by 1.1.63 ( <V%$ because * 3 is <V and
3 the effect v is
$*%d? caused by the suffix elided by the <V. 3
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*"V + ) 3
1
*"V 7.1.22
S1 same as above
2 same as above
3 *"V"p&
4 *"V&
5 *"V&
6 *V`(%< 3
7 *"V1
116
"5 6$%& S. .5
1 Gd&
S1 same as above
2 G`( 3
3 "G"p&
4 "G&
5 same as above
6 Gd%%< 3 7.1.53
7 "G1
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6 7
"G O< 3
1
Gd
"G + O< 3
Gd + O< 3 7.1.53 G45d& ~ O"< with the help of 1.1.54 (*
4 %">?
3
Gd + ( O< 3 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3 ~ O<&
Gd% + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ~ $ W`T&?
Gd% + %< 3 8.4.2 %>%d4"
[LSK] v_4 7/1 " 0
"LdGd%%< 6/3
3
Even when "G is in v_, Lf%(, h ) (? , secondary meaning, this stra is applicable.
118
"5 6$%& S. .5
"Z, two, is listed in )>%?"Wv. This L%"V "W* declines in three genders, but only in dual.
The declension is like -ending because of the next stra.
1 Z_
2 same as above
3 Z%%< 3
4 same as above
5 same as above
6 Zdj&
7 same as above
There is no )}jf(.
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6 7
W%"W ">p"
W%W`(%< 6/3
3 & 1/1 ~ ">p_ 7/1
2 words in the )FG. 1 word as (>t"|
3 a group of )>?(%< starting from W 3,
W%W`(%< 36/3 W 3 O"W& d41%! V4 W%Wd& (116B), V41%< ;
and up to "Z, which is told in the next >%"V?*; W%"Wv consists of these eight L%"V "W*s:
W 3, VW 3, dW 3, VW 3, SW<, 3 W), 3 *, and "Z.
& 1/1 This is OW4\.
">p_ 7/1 From 7.2.84 k( O ">p_ ; ">p" is )!U% defined by 1.4.104 ">p" ~ "V&
) &; in 9)<`.
is the substitute in the place of the last letter of W%"Wv when conjugational or
declensional suffix follows.
120
"5 6$%& S. .5
For W%"Wv, beginning (O"W) is specified as W 3, but the end ( 6? ) is not specified.
The next >%"V?* clears this point.
By this stra, members of W%"Wv are limited to eight L%"V "W*s in )>%?"Wv, which
are W 3, VW 3, dW 3, VW 3, SW<, 3 W), 3 *, and "Z.
3 and this stra
W%"Wv is used in stras such as 3.2.60 W%"W1 q\j(%#jn( 4 * n
7.2.102 W%W`(%<&.
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1 ` No y(%"W*-Ld% < 3 - - -
122
"5 6$%& [. .5
Note that 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n has been already studied under ">P %-\]. Instead of
? >?W`T ? can be studied.
repeating the stra, this summary of "(14f of >F )
? >?W`T ? is negated under three conditions told in two stras:
>F )
1) When >? is followed by Sn, 3 by 6.1.104 ( 0 OV 5/1
3 S"n 7/1 ~ >F )
? >?& 1/1 W`T ?& 1/1
5 7
>? Sn 3
5 7
W`T ? Sn 3
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? %V 5/1
[LSK] W`T 3 ( 0 ( 1/1
3 , %< 6/3
3
` + O< 3
3 O< 3
+ 6.1.77 S*j d"n
124
"5 6$%& [. .5
Declension of ` ([- -! 1)
(y(%"W*-[*%9% - (W`)!U*-[*%9% "5 6$-\]&)
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[LSK] a8& 1/3 c4d& 1/3 d 6/1 )& 1/1 abc4d)` 1/1
One who has many good things/ladies.
ab + `1 3 3 Gd%< 3
4.1.45 a9%"W ~ `1 "{
a9` 6.1.77 S*j d"n
3 ` 3
c4d) + 3 Gd%< 3
4.1.6 h"vV ~ ` "{
c4d)`
3 c4d)` + ) 3
a9` + ) + 4 < W%0 ~ ab `"Q& )<%)&
2.2.24 (*
a9` + c4d)` 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ~ * 3
ab + c4d)` 6.3.34 "{Gd%& >! W 3 p%"1V ! %W(F 3 )<%(%"f*94 "{Gd%< 9F `"Ld%"W1 ~ h|9 W4
The last [ does not become o by 1.48 vj"{Gdj ) (? because of "(14f by (>%-) [d)j
ab `Q4(" V >%:< 3 ~ o&
abc4d)`
abc4d)` + ) 5 1/1
abc4d)` 3 "V
6.1.68 Q# 3 %j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ~ #j &
3
Being `( )-ending 3 "V
word, and ending with W`T,? 6.1.68 Q# 3 %j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 is
applied.
abc4d)` + y 1/2
abc4d_ 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n , 6.1.77 S*j d"n
abc4d)` + ) 1/3
3
abc4d)` + ) 5 S1/1
Now, the declension in )}"^ requires (W`-)!U%, which is defined in the next stra.
126
"5 6$%& [. .5
As for abc4d)`, this is not a {G`"#$ word. How, then, does it gain (W`-)!U%? This is
because of the next vrtika:
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(>%"V?*<)3 L0<"#$Q! n
Even when a "({G`"#$\] became v_ and changed its "#$ due to being in a )<%),
the )<%) word is treated as (W`)!U*.
L0<"#$Q< 1/1
3 n0
For a word originally "({G`\], even when it becomes h ) (? (v_), it is still (W`.
This has to be said.
7.3.116 4 9% % `&
7
7.3.112 O(%& ~ ""V
128
"5 6$%& [. .5
6 7
$ ? (W`
}%0/ )}"^
1
o
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5 7
(W`-ending $ 3
"V-Ld
1
O 3
Ov<
O 1/1
3 (%& 5/1 ~ ""V 7/1 $%V 5/1
3
abc4d)` + 4
abc4d)` + O 3 7.3.112 O(%& ~ ""V $%V 3
Whenever O 3-Ov< comes before n, 3 the next stra should be applied.
130
"5 6$%& [. .5
5 7
O 3 n3
6
1
>t"^&
O& 5/1 n 0 ~ "n 7/1 >t"^& 1/1 *& 1/1 >F ? 9dj& 6/2 )!"QV%d%< 7/1
3
[LSK] O& 5/1 "n 7/1 94 7/1 >t"^& 1/1 *%W4\& 1/1
>t"^ is the one substitute in the place of both >F ? and 9 when O 3-Ov< precedes and
3
n follows, in the topic of )!"QV%.
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abc4d)` + u) 6/2,
3 7/2
3 u) 3
abc4d + 6.1.77 S*j d"n ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
abc4dj& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
abc4d)` + O< 3
3
abc4d)` + ( O< 3 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3 ~ O<&
abc4d)` + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ~ $ W`T&? n&
abc4d)`(%< 3
132
"5 6$%& [. .5
5 6
$ (W`, O , 3 (` "
1
O< 3
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134
"5 6$%& [. .5
[LSK] `- %V 5/1
3 ( 0 )#j & 1/1
Because the word is not `-ending, there is no elision of ) by 6.1.68 Q%j W`T%?V 3
t ! Q# 3 .
)"V
3
The word #e` is derived from # f%V with y"W* [ Ld.
3 [
# + (h-) 3.160 #4<? 3 n
3 < 3 [
# + (h-) 3.160 #4<? 3 n
#e`
3
h%"WLd is considered to be *t V-Ld 3 #e` being *t V-Ld-
by 3.3.1 h%Wdj ab#< . 3
#e`< 3 "VH% & S"V "V#e`& One who goes beyond #e` (is very prosperous).
"V + #e` + < 3 (>%-) %Wd& H% %0 "ZV`dd% ~ V 1& )<%)&
L%"V "W*-)!U% is given by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*< 3
"V + #e` 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ~ * 3
"V#e`
#e` is "({G`"#$ word, but is v_ in this )<%). (>%-) L0<"#$Q! n gives (W`-)!U% to
this )<%), even though the )<%) word is masculine.
"V#e` + ) 5 1/1
"V#e`& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
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Just as #e`, there are seven words in feminine which end with y%"W* [ Ld. There
3 "V
is no )#j by 6.1.68 Q%j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 for these words because they are not
{G`Ld `-ending. The rest of the declension is identical to (W`. This is said by the loka
found in "` ?:
3
>`-V `-V9`-#e`-f`-`-c`%< h%"WV&
" {G`"#$>t|`(%! )j# j ( *W%n(
In fact, there are nine of such feminine words, and they are not always h%"WLd-
ending. They are just not ending with `-Ld.
p x<`*%9, the author of p x<`%% gives a better version of loka, in which these points
are covered.
>`-V `-9`-#e`-V9`-f`-`-"cd%! "pd&
3 Gd%<41%! ( )#j & *W%n(&
%V "{
136
"5 6$%& [. .5
3
L + x "n %d%< (1P) to contemplate
L + % 6.1.45 OW4n h W4\4 "\"V
L + % + " 3 (>%-) %dV4& )!L)%9! n
L + "f O + > 3 (>%-) %dV4& )!L)%9! n
L + "f + > 3 ? <3
6.1.108 )!L)%9% ~ >F
L+ f` + > 3 6.4.2 Q#& ~ W`T&?
Lf` 6.1.67 >49
t ~ #j &
L%"V "W*-)!U% 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*<. 3
Lf` + ) 5
Lf`& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
3 "V
Since this word does not end with `, 6.1.68 Q%j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 is not
applicable.
Lf` + y 1/2
Now, 6.1.77 S*j d"n is applicable. But the next stra comes as >%W.
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
6
, 7
$ S>?/h>?-ending f%V, n 3 Ld
or ~F
1
3 h> 3
Sd/
[LSK] -Ld- 6/1 S>?-h>?- 6/1 f%Vj& 6/1 ~F S"V 0 6/1 n 0 $ 6/1 Sd-3 h>_ 1/2
& III/2 %W_ 7/1 Ld4 7/1 94 7/1
3 h> 3 are the substitutes in the place of the last letter of the $ which ends with
Sd/
3
, S>?/h>?-ending f%V, or ~F, when a suffix beginning with n follows.
138
"5 6$%& [. .5
Example of
3 "
O + 3.4.78 "V"{
3
O + " 7.1.3 j &
3
O + + " 3.1.73 o%"W& &
O + 3 +
3 ( h> 3 " 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ ~ $
OB>"
Example of ~F
~F + u) 3 3
4.1.2 o_ )
3 +
~ h> 3 u) 3 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ ~ $
~>j& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Example of f%V
Here, S>? of f%V is followed by 3
%"W-) -Ld.
Lf` + y 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ is L%, but negated by the next stra.
[LSK] S"V 0 L%4 7/1
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
& 6/1 (*
4 %n& 6/1 )!djv >F 3 f%Vj& 6/1 "n 7/1
? 6/1 ~ $ 6/1 d 1/1
3 words in the )FG; 1 word as (>t"|
& 6/1 L%"V "W* is S, representing S>?. This is adjective to f%Vj&, thus VW ">"f is applied,
resulting in S>%? f%Vj&.
4 %n& 6/1 (*
(* 3
4 4 n& d"( )& 3
4 %n (117B),
(* V This is adjective to $, resulting
in: $ which contains more than one vowel.
? 6/1 ( )!djv& >F &? d )& )!djv >F &? (NB), V This is adjective to &,
)!djv >F
resulting in: S>? which is not preceded by conjunct consonants.
$ 6/1 From 6.4.1 $
3
d 1/1 From 6.4.81 Sj d.3
f%Vj& 6/1 From 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_, only f%V in 6th case is taken out. This is
adjective to $, resulting in S>%? f%V- $.
"n 7/1 In $ "f*%9, Ld4 in 7th case is understood. Since "n is adjective to Ld,
VW%"W">"f is applied, resulting in: %W_ Ld4.
[LSK] f%V- >d>-)!djv >F &? 1/1 ( 0 p>"V III/1 d& 1/1 S>?& 1/1, VW & 1/1 d& 1/1 f%V& 1/1, VW 6/1 (*
4 %n&
6/1 3 (%V III/1
$ 6/1 d 1/1 3 ) %W_ 7/1 Ld4 7/1 ( 94 7/1)
3 the substitute in the place of the last letter of $ which has more than one n, 3
d is
and which ends with f%V ending with S>? which is not preceded by conjunct consonants
which are parts of the f%V.
[LSK] L_ 1/2
Lf` + y
3 y
L + 4 %nj)!djv >F
6.4.82 9(* 3
? ~ $ d f%Vj& "n
[ is f%V- >d> and is not preceded by )!djv of f%V. $ has two vowels. With the help
3
of 1.1.52 #j and 1.1.50 %(4 9V<& , d comes in the place of [.
[LSK] L& 1/3 L< 2/1
3 L_ 2/2 L& 2/3 L" 7/1
140
"5 6$%& [. .5
When 3
%"W-Ld follows, $ becomes L (d 3
takes place) by:
4 %nj)!djv >F
6.4.82 9(* 3
? ~ $ d f%Vj& "n
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Side note:
If the "| of Lf` is ab `"Q-)<%), then the declension will be different because f`
which is used in this compound is "({G`"#$\]. When this is the case, (W`-)!U% is given to
this compound.
x + " 3 L"Hd% of the derivation is the same as Lf`. See the previous section.
f` This is "({G`"#$\]. [ of f` is f%V- >d>.
1 Lf`& L_ L&
3 L% Lf`%< 3 Lf`"p&
142
"5 6$%& [. .5
This is because (` is specifically told in 7.3.116 4 9% % `& ~ $4&. This is the only
difference from the previous word, Lf`.
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(` + y 1/2
3 y
"(d + 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ ~ $
144
"5 6$%& [. .5
Declension of (` ([- -! 5)
? -(`-f%V- >d>-[*%9% - (W`)!U*-[*%9%
( )!djv >F * "5 6$-\]& *%n-3 $4)
When 3
%"W-Ld follows, $ becomes "(d (Sd 3 takes place) by:
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
? in 6.4.82 9(*
W*t is done for the word )!djv >F ? .
4 %nj)!djv >F
? 6/1 "*< 03 ? )"cd_ 1/2 d>"Hd_ 1/2
[LSK] )!djv >F
? is stated?
Why )!djv >F
In both the cases of )c` and d>H`, [ is )!djv >F ,? preceded by )!djv, thus 6.4.82
applied.
) cd"V S"V )c`& One who nicely takes recourse to something is called )c`.
3
) + "c (1U) to resort to + " 3 (h- 2.58) ""nLC%dV*L c`%! W`T) )%9! n
)c` (h- 2.58) ""nLC%dV*L c`%! W`T) )%9! n
3
d>%( H`%"V S"V d>H`& The buyer of barley is called d>H`.
3
d> + 2H` D"("><d4 (9U) to buy + " 3 3 ~ f%Vj& *t V 3
3.2.76 " n
d>H`
)c` + y
3 y
)"cd + 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_
)"cd_
146
"5 6$%& [. .5
When %"WLd follows there is Sd-3 OW4\ by 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_, just
3
like (`. The only difference between )c`/d>H` and (` is when " 7/1 follows, O< does not
come because 7.3.116 4 9% % `& is not applicable.
When 3
%"W-Ld follows, $ becomes )"cd (Sd 3 takes place) by:
9
Even though when )c` is a ab `"Q-)<%) with a feminine word c`, as \jp(% c`& d )& )c`&, (W`-)!U% is
not given because of the negation of (W`-)!U% by 1.4.4 (d4 >%(%>5`. This discussion is seen in
5`"#$ section.
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
In the previous section, two similar L%"V "W*s were given as examples because )c` is
3
v"V >F ? W-)<%), and d>H` is *%9* >F ? W-)<%). ) is termed v"V with reference to "c and d> is
*<?-*%9* with reference to H`. 3
3 6.4.82 9(*
If the >F ? W is neither v"V nor *%9*, d by ? is negated by the
4 %nj)!djv >F
next >%"V?*, even when all other conditions meet.
In order to learn this >%"V?*, v"V-)!U% is defined first by the next stra.
148
"5 6$%& [. .5
3
(>%"V?*<)3 v"V*%9*4 V9 >F ? W d (4V4
3 6.4.82 9(*
d by ? is not desired when the word has >F ? W other than
4 %nj)!djv >F
v"V or *%9*.
3 ( 0 SV4 III/1
v"V-*%9*-SV9- >F ? W 6/1 d 1/1
4 words in the >%"V?*
3
v"V-*%9*-SV9- >F ? W 6/1 v"V& n *%9*! n v"V*%9*4 (ID) v"V*%9*%%< SV9V 3
v"V*%9*4 V9V 3
(5T) v"V*%9*4 V9V 3 >F ? W! d VV v"V*%9*4
3 3
V9 >F ? W< (116B) $<, 3 V.
3
d 1/1 3 \ by 6.4.82 9(*
d-OW4 ? .
4 %nj)!djv >F
( 0 "(14f to d, 3 so that Sd> 3 by 6.4.77 can happen.
SV4 III/1 is desired.
Examples of v"V >F ? W are Lf` (UT) 10 and )c`. Example of *%9* is d>H`, d> being
*<?*%9* toward H`.
10
L of Lf` as ab `"Q)<%) is v"V-*%9*-SV9, as L is not meaningfully connected to f`. Even in this case d 3
happens because this >%"V?* is not always applied in every case. This is shown by the expression ( SV4.
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
\^f` + y 1/2
3 y
\^"fd + ? is L%,
4 %nj)!djv >F
6.4.82 9(*
but negated by (>%"V?*<)3 v"V*%9*4 V9 >F ? W d (3
4 V4
Finally, 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ takes place.
\^"fd_
When 3
%"W-Ld follows, $ becomes \^"fd (Sd 3 takes place) by:
150
"5 6$%& [. .5
When 3
%"W-Ld follows, $ becomes )"fd (Sd 3 takes place) by:
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["(14f)FG<]3 3 "
6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj& ~ d ) "n
3 prohibited for pF and )f`.
d is
3 )"
( 0 pF-)"fdj& 6/2 ~ d 1/1 7/1
152
"5 6$%& [. .5
)Y`d + " 3 3
3.2.76 " n
3 >3
)Y`d + 6.4.48 Vj #j & ~ Of?f%V*4
)Y` + > 3 6.1.66 #j j j>?"#
)Y` 6.1.67 >49
t
L%"V "W*-)!U% by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*<. 3
3
In the same manner, )V` is derived. )V< S"V S"V )V`&.
3
[ is f%V- >d>-[, and it does not get (W`-)!U% since there is no "()G`"#$. Thus, it
declines like Lf` (UT) except for 5/1 and 6/1 because of 6.1.112 %V 3 9 ~ hV. 3
[LSK] )Y`& 1/1 )V`& 1/1 )_ 1/2 )_ 1/2 )& 5/1 )& 5/1 \41< 1/1
3 Lf`>V 03
)Y` + y 1/2
3 y
) + ?
4 %nj)!djv >F
6.4.82 9(*
)_
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
When 3
%"W-Ld follows, $ becomes ) (d 3
takes place) by:
4 %nj)!djv >F
6.4.82 9(* 3
? ~ $ d f%Vj& "n
3
When ")5 and ) follows, the becomes h by
3 "QV%d%< 3
6.1.112 % 9 ~ hV )!
Note that (>%-) v"V*%9*4 V9 >F ? W d (3 SV4 does not apply because )Y` and )V` are
not )<%).
154
"5 6$%& h. .5
Declension of \i (h- -! 1)
"T-)!U*-h*%9% - "5 6$-\]&
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Hjk is the second h*%9% "5 6$ word which means jackal. This word is treated as a
3
Vtn-ending 3
word in some places by the next stra. Stras required for declining Vtn-ending
words are studied in this section.
3
Hjkt (Vtn-ending)
[LSK] )}^_ 7/1 )>?(%<%( 4 7/1 94 7/1 Hjk-\] 6/1 %( 4 7/1 Hjkt\]& 1/1 Ldj& 1/1 S0&? 1/1
When )>?(%<%( other than )}"^ follows, in the place of Hjk, Hjkt should be applied.
This is the meaning.
This process of becoming like Vt is commonly called VtF%>.
Hjk + ) 5 1/1
Hjkt + ) 3 7.1.95 VtFGjk& ~ )}^_ )>?(%<%( 4
Operation continues
156
"5 6$%& h. .5
6 7
$ sV 3 "/)>?(%<%(
1
v
[LSK] sV& 6/1 $ 6/1 v& 1/1 _ 7/1 )>?(%<%( 4 7/1 n 0 S"V 0 L%4 7/1
v is the substitute in the place of the last letter of short s-ending $ when " or
)>?(%<%( follows. When this is applicable (to be continued)
Hjk + ) 5 1/1
Hjkt + ) 3 7.1.95 VtFGjk& ~ )}^_ )>?(%<%( 4
Here, 7.3.110 sVj ")>?(%<%(dj& ~ $ v& is L%, but the next stra is >%W for
this stra.
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1
( 3
6 7
h\()/3 W!))/3 (Q4 ) 3 ) 5 not )}"^
1
( 3
Hjk + ) 5 1/1
Hjkt + ) 3 7.1.95 VtFGjk& ~ )}^_ )>?(%<%( 4
3 )3
Hjk 3 ( + 7.1.94 s&\(W!)j(Q4 )%! n ~ ( 3 )_ )}^_, with the help of 1.1.53 "
Operation continues
158
"5 6$%& h. .5
)}^_ )>?(%<%(4
h f%-W`T ? takes place for these words when )>?(%< other than )}"^ follows.
6 7
)>?(%<%( not
3
3 (-ending/Vt
/Vt 3
n-ending, etc. h f%
)}"^
1
W`T ?
3 n-o)t
3 (-Vt
-Vt 3 -(t-(k4 t -kt-|t-QjVt- jVt-L\%%< 6/3
3 ~ h f%d%& 6/1 W`T&? 1/1 )}^_ 7/1 )>?(%<%( 4
7/1
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
3
[LSK] HjkF( 2/3
Since )>?(%<%( is over, VtF%> by 7.1.95 VtFGjk& ~ )}^_ )>?(%<%( 4 does not
happen anymore.
Hjk + \) 2/3
3
160
"5 6$%& h. .5
[">"f)FG<]3 3 &
7.1.97 ">p%1% VtV`d%"W"n ~ VtFV Hjk
3
VtF%> of the word Hjk is optional when n-beginning suffix in 3rd case onward
follows.
1
3rd case onward 7
Hjk n3
Optional
3
Hjkt (Vtn-ending)
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3
When ")5 and ) are suffixed, the next stra is required.
5 7
sV 3 V3 of ")5/) 3
1
h
162
"5 6$%& h. .5
["(d<)FG<]3 3
8.2.24 9%V ) ~ )!djv% #j &
When applying 8.2.23 )!djv% #j & to a consonant after 94, it should be only ). 3
6
W 94 )3
1
#j
9%V 5/1
3 ) 6/1 ~ )!djv% 6/1 #j & 1/1
This stra is considered to be "(d<)FG by the definition: ")^4 7/1 )"V 7/1 O9i& 1/1
"(d<%0&? 1/1 . Without this stra, ) after
3 94 can be elided by 8.2.23 )!djv% #j &. P ini
3
started the subsequent stra 8.2.24 9%V ) which would become redundant if it were not
taken as "(d<)FG. The purpose of "(d<)FG is to exclude everything other than what is
specified in the stra. In this case, after 94, any letters other than )*%9 are excluded from
being the subject for 8.2.23 )!djv% #j &.
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
Hjk + O< 3
Now, when O< 6/1
3 follows, ">L"V14f between 7.1.97 ">p%1% VtV`d%"W"n ~ VtFV Hjk
3 & and
7.1.54 o(% j ( 3 is observed. By 1.4.2 ">L"V14f 4 9! *%d?<,3 the *%d? of 9)FG, 7.1.97 ">p%1%
VtV`d%"W"n should be taken.
However, the next >%"V?* gives >F "? >L"V14f, by which >F *
? %d? is to be taken in ">L"V14f.
How will >%"V?**%9 justify >F "? >L"V14f, which is against )FG*%9s >% - 1.4.2 ">L"V14f 4 9!
3 By applying >F
*%d?<? ? )", this stra can be read as: ">L"V14f4 9! *%d?<.3 Instead of 9<, 3
3 other words >F <
9< (in ? )3 can be understood.
164
"5 6$%& h. .5
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
3
and declines like a Vtn-ending word
3 &
L%"V "W* optionally gains VtF%> by 7.1.97 ">p%1% VtV`d%"W"n ~ VtFV Hjk
3
and declines like a Vtn-ending word.
3
When O< follows,
166
"5 6$%& l. .5
1 mm No - - -\]&
2 "Vn<F Yes - - -
4 %n-3 $ and )!djv >F ? are criteria for 6.4.83 u& )" , a counter-
Even though (*
example being not seen in #T")^% *_<W`, these categories are omitted in this chart.
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
Declension of mm (l- -! 1)
( -\]&)
168
"5 6$%& l. .5
n<F! ()4(%<)3 "VH% & S"V "Vn<F& One who goes beyond (is victorious over) n<F, army.
"V + n<F + < 3 (>%-) %Wd& H% %0 "ZV`dd% ~ V 1& )<%)&
L%"V "W*-)!U% 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*< 3
"V + n<F 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ~ * 3
"Vn<F
n<F is "({G`"#$ word, but is v_ in this )<%). (>%-) L0<"#$Q! n gives (W`-)!U% to
this )<%), even though the )<%) word is masculine.
"Vn<F + ) 5 1/1
"Vn<F& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
"Vn<F + O< 3
3
"Vn<F + ( O< 3 7.3.112 o(% j ( 3 ~ O<&
"Vn<F + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ~ $ W`T&? n&
"Vn<F(%< 3
170
"5 6$%& l. .5
3
Y# + < + F 3 >( 4 (9U) to purify + " 3 3.2.76 " n
3
Y# F + ) 5
Y# &F 8.2.66, 8.3.15
3 "V
Since this word does not end with `, 6.1.68 Q%j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 is not
applicable.
Y# F + y 1/2
Because the $ is ending with f%V- >d>-h>?, and followed by %"W-Ld, 6.4.77
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
4 %nj)!djv >F
Just as 6.4.82 9(* 3 negating Sd 3 for S>?, the next stra
? gives d by
3 negating h> 3 for h>?, with one more condition, )" .
also gives d by
6 7
$ f%V h>? %"W ) 3
1
d 3
[LSK] f%V- >d>-)!djv >F &? 7/1 ( 0 p>"V III/1 d& 7/1 h>?& 7/1, VW & 7/1 d& 7/1 f%V& 7/1, VW 6/1
(* 3 %V III/1
4 %n& 6/1 $ 7/1 d 1/1 3 "n 7/1 )" 7/1
3 the substitute in the place of the last letter of $ which has more than one n, 3
d is
and which ends with f%V ending with h>? which is not preceded by conjunct consonants
which are parts of the f%V, when 3
%"W-) -Ld follows.
[LSK] Y#_ 1/2
Y# F + y
3 y
Y# + 6.4.83 u& )" ~ (* ?
4 %n& )!djv >F 3
$ d f%Vj& "n
With the help of 1.1.52 #j and 1.1.50 %(4 9V<&
172
"5 6$%& l. .5
Declension of Y# F (l- -! 3)
? -f%V- >d>-l*%9% - (W`)!U*-l*%9%
( )!djv >F * 4 %n-3 $4)
"5 6$-\]& (*
When 3
%"W-) -Ld 3
follows, $ becomes Y# (d 3
takes place) by:
6.4.83 u& )" ~ (* ?
4 %n& )!djv >F 3
$ d f%Vj& "n
11
3 h6F The h>? of h6F is not f%V- >d>-)!djv- >F .? Thus it declines exactly like ).
hW 3 + + " =
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
3
From here, L%"V "W*s ending with pF f%V are introduced in order to see "(14f of d by
6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj& and its >%Ws.
opF + ) 5
opF& 3 "V
6.1.68 Q%j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 is not applicable. 8.2.66, 8.3.15
174
"5 6$%& l. .5
When 3
%"W-) -Ld follows, 3rd case onward,
3 6.1.77 S*j d"n, h> 3 by 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_, d by
d by 3 6.4.83 u& )" ,
3 6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj& negate one after another. Finally h> 3 by 6.4.77 "n
and "(14f of d by
f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ takes place.
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
This word is special because the next stra is made only for this particular L%"V "W*.
When 3
%"W-) -Ld 3 -OW4
follows, $ becomes >1%?E (d 3 \) by,
6.4.84 >1%?E ~ d 3
3 6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj& is negated by 6.4.84 >1%?E .
"(14f of d by
176
"5 6$%& l. .5
6 7
>1%?p F %"W ) 3
1
d 3
3
>1%?E& 6/1 n 0 ~ d 1/1 "n 7/1 )" 7/1
3 %V III/1
[LSK] 6/1 d 1/1 3 "n 7/1 )" 7/1
3 the substitute in the place of the last letter of this (>1%?p F word), when
d is %"W-) -3
Ld follows.
[LSK] >1%?E_ 1/2 S%"W 1/1
>1%?p F + y
3 y
>1%?E + 6.4.84 >1%?E ~ d, 3 with 1.1.52 #j and 1.1.50 %(4 9V<&
3 6.1.77 S*j d"n is L%, but negated by >F )
d by ? >?W`T ? by 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
? >?&.
That is negated by 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n . Then h> 3 is L% by 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_,
3 6.4.83 u& )" . Then d is
which is negated by d by 3 negated by 6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj&. Finally,
3 f is debarred by 6.4.84 >1%?E ~ d. 3
this d-"(14
177
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
[LSK] qrF&
King, thunderbolt, sun, snake.
q( 03 p>V4 III/1 L%Bj"V III/1 S"V qpF& One who gains "Q!)%.
3
q(-*9- 3 >& 1/1
? 6/1 p>& 6/1 d 1/1
(&- >F
4 words in the >%"V?*
3
q(-*9- ? 6/1 q(, 3 *9, (9 3 >F d%V )&
(&- >F 3
3 q(-*9- (&- >F &? (115B), V ; adjective to p>&.
p>& 6/1 L%"V "W* is pF; in %(d4 jv% 1`.
3
d 1/1 This is OW4\.
>& 1/1 That which has to be said. Without this >%"V?*, these words, being ending
3
with pF, would not take d because of 6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj& ~ d. 3
178
"5 6$%& s. .5
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
f%V%9_
[LSK] f%V%9& 1/3
In the same manner as above.
s>%?V 5/1
3 ( 6/1 < 1/1
3 >%:< 1/1
3
3
>%:< 1/1 That which has to be said, with reference to 8.4.1 91%%! (j & )<%( W4.
180
"5 6$%& s. .5
12
t _ \!")W%"W& )!U%d%! n%"(_. (t, (k4 t , kt, QjVt, and jVt are
|t and L\% are derived by (h-) 2.95 Vt n
derived by (h-) 2.97 (t(k4 t ktQjVt jVt~%Vt %<%Vt<%Vt" Vt&"QVt.
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
3
etc., are included in the mentioning of Vtn and 3 the stra 6.4.11. However, (t etc., are
Vt( in
separately mentioned. This mentioning of (t etc., in 6.4.11 is for "(d<, restricting other
L%"V "W*s which are derived by h%"W)FGs. Otherwise, this mentioning would be redundant.
(")^4 )"V O9<%j "(d<%d)
This is said in the >t"|.
[LSK] (t-O"W-Q< 1/1
3 "| 4 7/1 "(d<%0 ?< 1/1
3
The mentioning of (t etc., in "| is for restricting the application of W`T ? to only
3
(t etc., excluding any other words derived with Vtn and 3 h%"WLd.
Vt( of
This discussion is connected to the next word.
" Vt + ) 5 1/1
3 )3
" V3 (+ 7.1.94 s&\(W!)j(Q4 )%! n ~ ( 3 )_ )}^_, with the help of 1.1.53 "
3
" V O( 3 ) 3 6.4.8 )>?(%<%( 4 n%)}^_ ~ ( h f%d%& W`T&?
+
3
" V O( 3 3 "V
6.1.68 Q%j W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ~ #j &
3
" VO 8.2.7 (#j & L%"V "W*%
" V%
Note that instead of 6.4.11 t It o)t(t(k4 t kt|tQjVt jVtL\%%<,3 6.4.8 )>?(%<%( 4
3
n%)}^_ ~ ( h f%d%& W`T&? is applied because of (-ending $.
In the same manner, there is no h f%-W`T ? in )>?(%<%(. The rest is like f%Vt.
182
"5 6$%& s. .5
The difference from f%Vt is in )>?(%<%( other than 1/1 because of the non-
applicability of 6.4.11 t It o)t(t(k4 t kt|tQjVt jVtL\%%<3
[LSK] >< 03 %<Vt-OWd& 1/3
In this manner, %<Vt (son-in-law), p%Vt, etc. decline like " Vt. They are derived by (h-)
2.97 (t-(k4 t -kt-QjVt- jVt-~%Vt- %<%Vt-<%Vt-" Vt-&"QVt.
The words which decline like " Vt are listed in "` :
" V% <%V% ((%<% n )4kt~%Vtd%V9&
%<%V% &"QV% W4>% Vt Ot %! 9"QV% (>
" Vt (father), <%Vt (mother), ((%P (husbands sister), )4kt (charioteer), ~%Vt (brother),
d%Vt (husbands brothers wife), %<%Vt (son-in-law), &"QVt (daughter), W4>t (husbands younger
3
brother) are nine words which are devoid of Vt( and 3
Vtn of k%%d`Ld. Thus there is no
h f%-W`T ? in )>?(%<%( for these words.
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
1
Optional
W`T ?
The word W`T ? as OW4\ brings n& 6/1 by 1.2.28 n. Then the entire sentence will be
3 (t, W`T ? is the optional substitute when (%< follows.
understood as in the place of n of 3
(t + O< 3
3
(t + ( O< 3 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3 ~ O<&
( + (%< 3 6.4.6 (t n ~ $ W`T&? hpd0%
( + %< 3 (>%"V?*<)3 s>%? ! >%:< 3
184
"5 6$%& s. .5
Declension of (t (s- -! 3)
185
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
186
"5 6$%& u. .5
5 7
u n3 3
of </\) 3
1
O
O 1/1 uV& 5/1 \)j& 6/2 ~ "n 7/1 >F ? 9dj& 6/2 *& 1/1 )!"QV%d%< 7/1
3
[LSK] uV& 5/1 \)j& 6/2 "n 7/1 O*%9& 1/1 *%W4\& 1/1
3
After u, when n of 3 \) follows,
< or 3 O is the one substitute in the place of the
two, u and n. 3
[LSK] v%< 2/1
3 v%>_ 2/2 v%& 2/3
vj + < 2/1
3
3 O+<3
v+ 6.1.93 yVj\)j& ~ "n >F ? 9dj& *& )!"QV%d%< 3
v%< 3
vj + \) 2/3
3
3 O+)3
v+ 6.1.93 yVj\)j& ~ "n >F ? 9dj& *& )!"QV%d%< 3
v%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
187
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
[LSK] v>% 3/1 v>4 4/1 vj& 5/1, 6/1 S%"W 1/1
vj + % 3/1
3 O
v> + 6.1.78 njd>%d%>&
v>%
vj + 4 4/1
3
v> + 6.1.78 njd>%d%>&
v>%
vj + ")5 5/1
vj) 3 6.1.110 "))j ~ >F &?
vj& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Declension of vj (u- -! 1)
188
"5 6$%& w. .5
6 7
9x Q# 3 ">p"
1
O
[LSK] 6/1 (9x\] 6/1) O*9-OW4\& 1/1 Q"# 7/1 ">p_ 7/1
O is the substitute in the place of the last letter of 9x when Q#%"W ">p" follows.
[LSK] 9%& 1/1
9x + ) 5 1/1
9% + ) 3 7.2.85 9%dj Q"# ~ O ">p_
9%& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
[LSK] 9%d_ 1/2 9%d& 1/3
9x + y 1/2
3 y
9%d + 6.1.78 njd>%d%>&
9x + ) 1/3
3
3
9%d + )3 6.1.78 njd>%d%>&
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
9x + %< 3/2
3
Declension of 9x (w- -! 1)
190
"5 6$%& y. .5
191
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
0% {G`"#$%&
There is no W 3
word in feminine because feminine suffix % will invariably come
by 4.1.4 3
%Vk% .
3 9<% (LakRm)
9<V4 "> (% )%*< S"V
3
9< 5 H`2%d%< (1A) to rejoice + n 3 3.1.134 ("<"Q n%"Wj "n&
9< 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*< 3
9< + % 3 4.1.4 %Vk% 3
9<% 6.1.101 *& )> W`T&?
3
)FGs applicable for O -ending $
2 same as above
3 3
7.3.105 O" n% & ~ $ V u")
4 3
7.3.113 d%2% & ~ $%V "V&
5 same as above
7.3.105 O" n% & ~ $ V 3 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3
6 same as above
u") ~ O"<
7 same as above same as above
192
5`"#$%& O. 5`.
[">"f)FG<]3 3
7.1.18 y O & ~ $%V \`
3
y after O -ending $ is replaced by \`.
5 6
$ O 3 y
1
\`
[LSK] Oa %V 5/1
3 $%V 5/1
3 9 6/1 y& 6/1 \` 1/1 %V III/1
3
3
\` is the substitute in the place of y after O -ending $.
[LSK] y 3 S"V 0 y*%9-">p4 & 6/1 )!U% 1/1
y 3 is a technical name for ">p" y.
[LSK] 9<4 1/2|
9<% + y 1/2
9<% + \` 3
7.1.18 y O & ~ $%V \`
9<% + [ 1.3.8 #\V"^V4 ~ Ld O"W&
OW4\ \` is seen as Ld by 1.1.56 %"(>W%W4\j("f_
9<4 6.1.87 O&
[LSK] 9<%& 1/3|
9<% + ) 1/3
3
193
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
[">"f)FG<]3 3 & $
7.3.106 )}^_ n ~ V O
3
When )}"^ follows, the last letter of O -ending $ is replaced by .
6 7
$ O 3 )}"^
S1/2, S1/3, 2/2 are always the same as 1/2 and 1/3 in any \]. As for 2/1, 6.1.107
"< >F &? , and for 2/3, 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
? >?& is used. Note that 6.1.103 V%)j (& "! )
does not apply here as it is feminine.
194
5`"#$%& O. 5`.
[">"f)FG<]3 3
7.3.105 O" n% & ~ $ V u")
3
When % or u) follows, 3
the last letter of O -ending $ is replaced by .
6 7
$ O 3 %/u) 3
195
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
[">"f)FG<]3 3
7.3.113 d%2% & ~ $%V "V&
3
When O -ending 3
$ precedes, "V-Ld takes d% 3-Ov< at the beginning of it.
5 6
$ O 3 3
"V-Ld
1
d% 3
d% 1/1
3 O & 5/1 ~ $%V 5/1
3 "V& 6/1
196
5`"#$%& O. 5`.
9<% + O< 3
3
9<% + ( O< 3 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3 ~ O"<
9<% + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ~ W`T&? (This is applied even though it is redundant, called ? >V)3
9<%%< 3 8.4.2 T*% >%d4" ~ (& &
[LSK] 9<%d%< 7/1
3
9<% + "
9<% + O< 3 7.3.116 4 9% % `&
9<% + d% 3 O< 3 7.3.113 d%2% & ~ $%V "V&
3
Other O-ending feminine words which decline in this manner are: ">%, <%d%, v$%,
S;%, *V%, *t %, O\U%, "n %, " U%)%, vQ%, W4>V%, "(D%, "(%, p%1%, etc.
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
198
5`"#$%& O. 5`.
All W 3 4.1.4
)>?(%< words in feminine take feminine suffix % by 3 They
%Vk% .
are: )>%?, ">P%, hp%, 2V9 and 2V< ending words (dV9%, dV<%, etc. 6), %, V9%, SV9%, %, (<4 %,
)<%, ")<%, >F %?, 9%, >9%, W"%, h|9%, 9%, f9%, o%, 9%, and *%. 13
S1
13
3
As for hpd, ` comes by 4.1.15, to make hpd`, which declines like (W`.
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5 6
)>?(%< O 3 "V-Ld
3
1
% 3-Ov<
1
o
[LSK] Oa %V 5/1
3 )>?(% & 5/1 "V& 6/1 % 1/1
3 %V 1/1
3 O & 6/1 n 0 o& 1/1
% is 3
3 O"W- >d>-Ov< for "V after 3
O -ending )>?(%<, and o is the substitute in the
3
place of the last letter of O -ending )>?(%<.
[LSK] )>? x 4/1
)>%? + 4
)>%? + % 3 + 7.3.114 )>?(% & %V o ~ O & "V&
)>? + % 3 + 7.3.114 )>?(% & %V o ~ O & "V&
3 w
)>? + + 3 "QV%d%< 3
6.1.88 >t"^94"n ~ OV )!
)>? x
200
5`"#$%& O. 5`.
)>%? + O< 3
3
)>%? + ) O< 3 7.1.52 O"< )>?(% & ) 3
)>%? + )%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ~ W`T&? ( ? >V)3
[LSK] )>?%< 7/1
3
)>%? + "
)>%? + O< 3 7.3.116 4 9% % `&
)>%? + % 3 + O< 3 7.3.114 )>?(% & %V o ~ O & "V&
)>? + % 3 + O< 3 7.3.114 )>?(% & %V o ~ O & "V&
)>? + %< 3 6.1.101 *& )> W`T&? ~ )!"QV%d%< 3
)>?%< 3
[LSK] \41< 1/1
3 9<%>V 03
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When >F %? (east), h|9% (north), and W"% (south) come as the h|9 W in ab `"Q)<%),
)>?(%<-)!U% is optional by the next stra.
">p%1% 1/1 "WW<%)4 7/1 ab `Q_ 7/1 ~ )>%?W`"( 1/3 )>?(%<%"( 1/3
3 words in the )FG; 2 words as (>t"|
">p%1% 1/1 )>?(%<-)!U% is optional.
"WW<%)4 7/1 "W\%! )<%)& "WW<%)& (6T), V"( 3 Compound of direction; in "f*9)<`.
ab `Q_ 7/1 L%"V "W* is ab `"Q, a type of )<%); in "f*9)<`.
)>%?W`"( 1/3 This is )!U`.
)>?(%<%"( 1/3 This is )!U%.
3
Because of this stra, there are two forms when "V and 3
O< follow.
202
5`"#$%& O. 5`.
S1
6 same as above 3
h|9 >F %?)%</h|9 >F %?%< 3
7 3
? %</h|9
h|9 >F >F %?d%< 3
In the same manner, W" >F %? (south-east), >F |9% (east-north), "<j|9% (west-north),
"<W"% (west-south), >F W? "% (east-south), etc.14
14
There is no >F "? ( %V regulation between the "W* 3 words.
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S1
4 "ZV`d x/"ZV`d%d x
5 "ZV`d%&/"ZV`d%d%&
6 same as above
7 3
"ZV`d%</"ZV`d%d%< 3
204
5`"#$%& O. 5`.
O-ending feminine words which have the meaning of mother take o-OW4\ in
)}"^ by 7.3.107 }%0 ?(j?o&.
Declension of }% (O-{G`-3)
}%0&? O -3 -{G`"#$-\]&
S1 Q4 }
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9% (old age) has its own special stra: 7.2.101 9%d% 9)V9%<3 ~ "n. Because of
this stra, when %"W-Ld follows, there are optional forms in which $ is 9).3
Everywhere else is like 9<%.
3 9)%/ 9d%
4 9)4/ 9%d x
5 9)&/ 9%d%&
206
5`"#$%& O. 5`.
This is a f%V- >d>-O*%9% word, like ">P %, and declines in exactly the same way as
3 4.1.4
">P % in "5 6$. There is no {G`Ld, such as % by 3 applicable to this word.
%Vk% ,
Declension of vj % (O-{G`-5)
f%V- >d>-O*%9% - (%a -{G`"#$\]&
1 vj %& vj _ vj %&
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208
5`"#$%& S. 5`.
""V 7/1 o& 1/1 n 0 ~ dF 1/2 %%_ 1/2 (W` 1/1 Sd>%(_ 1/2 {G` 1/1 >% 0
3 words in the )FG; 6 words as (>t"|
""V 7/1 L%"V "W* is "V; 3 represents all "V Ld
3 in ) ; 3 in 9)<`.
o& 1/1 This is adjective to dF only in sentence B.
n 0 By this n*%9, two sentences are made. See below.
dF 1/2 For sentence A, W`T ? [/l are intended. [& n l& n dF (ID);
For sentence B, with adjective o&, o S/h are to be understood.
3
%%_ 1/2 "{Gd< On%V4 (Words which) tell feminine.
For sentence A, "({G`"#$ words, the words which always appear in feminine.
For sentence B, Just {G`"#$ words, including "({G`"#$ words, as well as hpd"#$ words,
i.e., 9" and S1, or "G"#$ words, i.e., 2 and <t&.
(W` 1/1 This is )!U%; this is artificial name.
Sd>-3 %(_ 1/2 This is only for sentence A. L%"V "W*s which take Sd/
3 h> 3 OW4\ (by
6.4.77, etc.) such as c`; Sd 3 n h> 3 n Sd>_ (ID) Sd>j& %(! ddj& V_ Sd>-3 %(_
(116B) Words which have %( (= %"((s)3 for Sd/
3 h> 3 OW4\.
{G` 1/1 ( {G` {G` (NT) This is to exclude L%"V "W* {G` from sentence A.
>% 0 (W`-)!U% is optional. The other option for group B is "T-)!U% by 1.4.7 \41j $)"Y.
[LSK] Sd>-3 %(_ 1/2 {G`\]"p_ 1/2 "({G`"#$_ 1/2 [V_ 1/2, o_ 1/2 n 0 S>?-h> 1/2 "{Gd%< 7/1
3 >%
0
(W`)!U_ 1/2 & III/2 ""V 7/1
3
Optional (W`-)!U% is given to these two types of words, when "V follows.
A. Sd>-3 %(_ "({G`"#$_ dF ([ l) other than the word {G`
B. n/a {G`"#$_ dF (S h)
A. W`T ? [/l-ending "({G`"#$ words which are %"((s)3 for Sd/
3 h> 3 OW4\, other than {G`
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1.4.6 A This gives L%-">p%1% to words for which (W`-)!U% was denied by 1.4.4.
1.4.6 B If the short S/h-ending word is feminine, and followed by "V, 3 (W`-)!U%.
This is >%W to 1.4.7 \41j $)"Y
210
5`"#$%& S. 5`.
5 6
(W` S/h "
1
O< 3
S&'%< 5/2
3 ~ 4 & 6/1 O< 1/1
3 (W`%< 5/2
3
Optional (W`-)!U% is given by 1.4.6 ""V o ~ dF %%_ (W` Sd>%(_ {G` >%
<"V + "
<"V + O< 3 7.3.117 S&'%< 3 ~ 4 & O< (W`%<
3 3
3
<"V + O 3 O< 7.3.112 O(%& ~ ""V
<"V + O< 3 6.1.90 O ~ >t"^& "n
<%< 3 6.1.77 S*j d"n
When (W`-)!U% is not given, then it is \41, thus 1.4.7 \41j $)"Y
<"V + "
<V + y 3
7.3.119 T4& ~ S&W 3%< yV 3
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there would be "(k")"^. As a solution to this situation, 7.3.117 S&'%< 3 is started as >%W
to 7.3.118 yV 3 ~ S&'%<. 3
of operation. In our case of <"V (S-ending with (W`)!U%), both stras are applicable. This is
3
called ">L"V14f. Then yV will be applied, because of being told later. And this is not desired.
">L"V14f&
( G%G #0%>*%\dj94*G dv %"a#">9jf&)
v_d%?< 3 )_, _
3 (W`-)!U* by
O< for <"V 3 S/h by
yV for
7.3.116 4 9% % `& 3 3
7.3.117, 118 S&'%< yV
212
5`"#$%& S. 5`.
3
[LSK "` ] )"V V "( "(9>*%\4 3
( ((4 (S&'%< (7.3.117) 3
4 ) yV (7.3.118)
S"V )FG S"V
()FG) a%f& S"V O\d4( OQ S&'%<3 S"V
If this is the case, by separating 7.3.117 S&'%< 3 and making it >%W ("(9>*%\), it will
3 To tell this, the next stra S&'%<3 starts
be the negation for 7.3.118 yV .
Problem:
Solution:
7.3.116 4 9% % `&
3 it becomes
By separating 7.3.117 S&'%< , >%W
7.3.117 S&'%< 3
to 7.3.118 yV 3
7.3.118 yV 3
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214
5`"#$%& S. 5`.
1
"V)t/nV)t
"G + ) 1/3
3
15
3 applicable by 4.1.5 s4j ` 3 but negated by 4.1.10 ( 1 3-
After sW -OW4\, feminine suffix ` is
o %"W& since "V)t and nV)t are counted in o)t-O"Wv.
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6 7
"V)t/nV)t s n3
1
93
16
3
v& When ) follows, this stra negates v told by 7.3.109 ") n ~ o v& and 7.3.110 sVj
")>?(%<%(dj& ~ v.
3
W`T?& When \) follows, ? >?&.
it this stra negates W`T? told by 6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
hV 3 When "V)t and nV)t are compounded as h|9 W and become v_, and ")5/) follows,
3 this stra
3
negates hV told by 6.1.111 sV hV3 ~ "))j. For example, "Ld%& "V & d )& "Ld)% L%"V "W* is "Ld"G.
When ">p" follows, 5` is v_, "V)t-OW4\ is applied by 7.2.99 "GnV9j& "5d%! "V)tnV)t ~ ">p_. In the
case of "Ld"G + ")5, it becomes "Ld"V)t + ")5 and 6.1.111 sV hV3 is L%. By the >%W 7.2.100 "n 9 sV&
, the final form is "Ld"V &.
216
5`"#$%& S. 5`.
6 7
"V)t/nV)t n3 (%< 3
1
W`T ?
"G + O< 3
"V)t + O< 3 7.2.99 "GnV9j& "{Gd%! "V)tnV)t ~ ">p_
"V)t + (%< 3 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3 with (>%-) (<"n9VtF%>4j ( 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4
W`T ? is prohibited by 6.4.4 ( "V)tnV)t ~ (%"< W`T&?
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S1
3 "V)t"p& 7.2.99
4 "V)t& 7.2.99
5 same as above
218
5`"#$%& S. 5`.
"Z + y
Z+y 7.2.102 W%W`(%<& ~ ">p_
3 y
Z % + 4.1.4 %Vk% 3 ~ "{Gd%< 3
Z% + y 6.1.101 *& )> W`T&?
Z% + \` 7.1.18 y O & ~ \`
Z% + [ 1.1.56 %"(>W%W4\j("W_, 1.3.8 #\V"^V4 , 1.3.9 V #j &
Z4 6.1.87 O& ~ "n
1 Z4
S1
2 Z4
3 Z%%< 3
4 same as above
5 same as above
6 Zdj&
7 same as above
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220
5`"#$%& [. 5`.
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3 [
# + (h- 3.160) #4<? 3 n ~ [
3 < [3
# + (h- 3.160) #4<? 3 n ~ [
#e`
Since the [ is from h%"W-Ld, not feminine suffix ` (` , 3 `1, 3 `(),3 6.1.68 Q#%j
3
3 "V
W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ~ #j & does not apply in 1/1. This is the only difference from v_9`.
[LSK] >< 03 V9`-V]%Wd& 1/3
V9`, V `, etc., decline in the same manner.
There are nine such feminine words, which do not end with `-Ld, thus they are
3
not subject to 6.1.68 Q#%j 3 "V
W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 ~ #j &.
>`-V `-9`-#e`-V9`-f`-`-"cd%! "pd&
3 Gd%<41%! ( )#j & *W%n(&
%V "{
1 #e`&
S1
222
5`"#$%& [. 5`.
^ x \])_%Vdj&
`x 6.1.64 f%%W4& 1& )& , ( -) "("<|% %d4 ( x"<"|*% %d&17
` x + a 3 (h- 4.167) `%dV4a? 3
3 9
`+ (>%-) "2)%< %?Wp%" 4 # &
3 9
+ 6.1.66 #j j j>?"#
L%"V "W*)!U% 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*< 3
5 + ` 3 3
4.1.15 "2 3- %-Zd) 3
-Wb 3
-<%Gn 3
-Vd 3 -3 -*
-* 3 -9
3 & ~ ` 3
3 [
5+ 6.4.148 d4"V n ~ p #j &
{G`
(W`)!U% 1.4.3 dF %%_ (W`
{G` + y
? >?W`T ? is negated by 6.1.105 W`T%? ") n, and 6.1.77 S*j d"n is L%. Then the
Here, >F )
next stra comes.
17
"("<| (of the cause) 3
%d& (removal) "("<|% %d&, V"( )"V ( x"<"|* (of the effect) " %d&
When the cause is removed, the effect is also gone.
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6 7
5` n3 Ld
1
Sd 3
{G` + < 3
Now 6.1.107 "< >F &? is L%. Then the next stra comes.
224
5`"#$%& [. 5`.
1
Optional
Sd 3
>% 0 <-\)j&
3 7/2
~ "{Gd%& 6/1 Sd 3 1/1
2 words in the )FG; 2 words as (>t"|
>% 0 Sd-3 OW4\ is optional.
3
<-\)j& 3 2/1 and \) of
7/2 < of 3 2/3; in 9)<`.
[LSK] "< 7/1 \") 7/1 n 0 "{Gd%& 6/1 Sd 3 1/1 >% 0 %V III/1
3
3 \) 3
Sd 3 is optionally the substitute in the place of the last letter of {G`, when < or
follows.
[LSK] "{Gd< 2/1
3 , {G`< 2/1
3
{G` + < 3
3
"{Gd + <3 6.4.80 >%\)j& ~ Sd 3 "{Gd%&
"{Gd< 3
4
{G`< 3 6.1.107 "< >F &?
[LSK] "{Gd& 2/3, 5`& 2/3
{G` + \) 3
3
"{Gd + )3 6.4.80 >%\)j& ~ Sd 3 "{Gd%&
4
{G`) 3 ? >?& ~ W`T&?
6.1.102 L0<dj& >F )
5`&
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
Even though {G`-\] is Sd-3 %(, the word which has %( for Sd-3 OW4\, (W`-)!U%
3
does not become optional when "V follows by 1.4.6 ""V o because this option
excludes {G`-\].
[LSK] "{Gd x 4/1 "{Gd%& 5/1, 6/1
{G` + 4
{G` + O 3 + 7.3.112 O(%&
{G` + w 6.1.90 O
3 w
"{Gd + 6.4.79 "{Gd%& ~ Sd 3 "n
226
5`"#$%& [. 5`.
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
S1
4 Optional (W`-)!U%
by 1.4.6 ""V
5
o
6 Optional (W`-)!U% by1.4.5 >%"<
The only place where (W`-)!U*%d? is always negated is S1/1, 7.3.107 }%0 ?(j?o&
228
5`"#$%& [. 5`.
"c )4 3
3 >%d%< (1U) to resort to
3 " 3
"c + (h- 2.58) ""nLC%dV*L c`%! W`T) )%9! n
3 suffixed
" is
c` (h- 2.58) ""nLC%dV*L c`%! W`T) )%9! n
f%V- >d> S is elongated.
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{G` 1/1 ( {G` {G` (NT) This is to exclude L%"V "W* {G` from this "(14f. Thus {G`
always gets (W`-)!U%.
dF 1/2 [& n l& n dF (ID). This is adjective to %%_, thus VW ">"f is applied.
%%_ 1/2 "({G`"#$, the word which appears only in feminine, is to be understood.
3
"(! "{Gd< On%V4 S"V %%_ The words which always indicate feminine are called
%%_. In other words, the words always found in dictionary as feminine.
(W` 1/1 This is )!U%; this is artificial name.
[LSK] Sd>j& 6/2 ""V& 1/1 ddj& 6/2 V_ 1/2 [V_ 1/2 (W`)!U_ 1/2 ( 0 & III/2, ( 0 V 0 {G` 1/1
3 h> 3 OW4\ do not gain (W`-)!U%,
[/l-ending "({G`"#$ words which have %( for Sd/
excluding the word {G`.
230
5`"#$%& [. 5`.
3
When "V follows, optional (W`-)!U% is available by 1.4.6 ""V o.
[LSK] "cd x 4/1
c` + 4
c` + O 3 + 7.3.112 O(%&
c` + w 6.1.90 O ~ >t"^&
3 w
"cd + 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_
(W`-)!U%- p%>- 4
[LSK] "cd4 4/1
c` + 4
3
"cd + 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_
[LSK] "cd%& 5/1, 6/1
c` + ")5
c` + O 3 + ) 3 7.3.112 O(%&
c` + O) 3 6.1.90 O ~ >t"^&
3 O) 3
"cd + 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_
(W`-)!U%- p%>- 4
[LSK] "cd& 5/1, 6/1
c` + ")5
3
"cd + )3 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_
"cd& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
>% 0 O"< 7/1 ~ dF 1/2 %%_ 1/2 (W` 1/1 Sd>%(_ 1/2 {G` 1/1
2 words in the )FG; 5 words as (>t"|
>% 0 (W`-)!U% is optional.
3
O"< 7/1 The ) -Ld 3 6/3; in 9)<`.
O< of
Sd>-3 %(_ 1/2 As commented above.
{G` 1/1 As commented above.
dF 1/2 As commented above.
%%_ 1/2 As commented above.
(W` 1/1 This is )!U%.
3 %(_ 1/2 %%Y_ 1/2 dF 1/2 O"< 7/1 >% 0 (W`)!U_ 1/2 & III/2, ( 0 V 0 {G` 1/1
[LSK] Sd>
3 h> 3 OW4\ optionally gain
[/l-ending "({G`"#$ words which have %( for Sd/
3
(W`-)!U%, excluding the word {G`, when O< follows.
(W`-)!U%- 4
c` + O< 3
3 O< 3 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3
c` + ( +
c` + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"<( ? >V)3
c` + %< 3 8.4.2 % >%d4"
(W`-)!U%- p%>- 4
3 O< 3
"cd + 6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_
232
5`"#$%& [. 5`.
Declension of c` ([-{G`-4)
3 %(-"({G`"#$-[*%9% -\]&
Sd>
7 3
"cd%</"c"d 1.4.4 same as above c`1
3
When "V and 3
O< follow, (W`-)!U% is optional by 1.4.6 ""V o and by1.4.5 >%"<,
respectively.
Where there is no (W`-)!U%, it declines like )c` in masculine.
233
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
234
5`"#$%& h. 5`.
"{Gd%< 7/1
3 n 0 ~ VtFV 03 Hjk& 1/1
Feminine the word Hjk gains the form which is like ending with Vtn. 3
235
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
5 1
feminine s/( 3 3
` -Ld
4 & 5/3 (%
[LSK] sW 4 & 5/3 n 0 "{Gd%< 7/1
3 ` 1/1
3
3 suffixed after sV-ending
In feminine, 2` is 3 3
or (-ending word.
Hjk
Hjkt 7.1.96 "{Gd%! n ~ Hjk& VtFV 3
Hjkt + 2` 3 4.1.5 s4j ` 3 ~ "{Gd%< L%"V
3 "W*4 &
HjK 3 + [ 6.1.77 S*j d"n
HjK`
236
5`"#$%& l. 5`.
l-ending {G`"#$ words decline like v_9`. The only difference is 1/1 since it is not `
3
or O -ending.
In #T")^% *_<W`, this word is not introduced. Only "`*%9 mentions in the context
of v_9`>V3 in the previous paradigm.
3
By not being ` or O -ending, )-5 #j does not happen
3 "V
by 6.1.68 Q%j W`T%?V ) t ! Q#3 ~ #j &.
The rest declines exactly like v_9`
237
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
Declension of ~F (l-{G`-2)
3 %(-"({G`"#$-l*%9% -\]&
Sd>
7 3 "> 1.4.4
~>%</~ same as above ~F1
238
5`"#$%& l. 5`.
3
od< p>"V S"V odiF& One who exists by itself is odiF.
3 pF )|%d%< (1P)
od< + 3 to be + " 3 3.2.76 " n
3
3 pF + > 3 2.4.71 ) j f%VL%"V "W*dj& ~ * 3
od< +
3 pF
od< + 6.1.67 >49
t ~ #j &
L%"V "W*-)!U% by 1.2.46 *t |"^V)<%)% ~ L%"V "W*<. 3
239
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
o)t (sister), being sW , 4.1.5 s4j ` 3 is L%, which is negated by the next stra.
["(14f)FG<]3 3 "{
4.1.10 ( 1 3o %"W& ~ ` % 3 Gd%< 3
3
Feminine suffixes ` and 3
% are not applied to 1 3-)!U* words and words in o)t-
O"Wv.
1 3 is )!U% defined by 1.1.24 % % 1 3 and 1.1.25 2"V n. 1 3-)!U* words are: (, 3 11, 3
)(, 3 k(, 3 (>(, 3 W\(, 3 and *"V.
Members of o)t-O"W-v are told in the following loka:
o)% "V V ((%<% &"QV% V0%
d%V% <%V4"V ) xV4 o %Wd hW%V%&
1. o)t (sister), 2. "V)t (three, OW4\ in feminine), 3. nV)t (four, OW4\ in feminine), 4.
((%P (sister of ones husband), 5. &"QVt (daughter), 6. d%Vt (wife of the brother of ones
husband), 7. <%Vt (mother)
3 (, 3 will
These 1 3-)!U* words and o)t etc. words, even though they end with sV or
3 % because
not be suffixed with ` or 3 of this "(14f)FG.
240
5`"#$%& s. 5`
o)%9_
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
242
5`"#$%& s. 5`
3
V W`_ (1P) to shine + 2j By the a%b of (h- 2.68) v<42&
3 u
+
j
[LSK] _& 1/1 vj>V 03
j (sky) declines like vj.
3 7.1.90 vjVj "V 3 ~ )>?(%<%(<, 3 thus 7.2.115 nj ""V ~
)>?(%<%( becomes "ZV by
>t"^& is applied on $.
3
In < and \), 3 O-OW4\ on $ by 6.1.93 yVj\)j& ~ "n >F ? 9dj& *& )!"QV%d%<. 3
j + ) 5 1/1
j + ) 3 7.1.90 vjVj "V 3 ~ )>?(%<%(< 3
_ + ) 3 7.2.115 nj ""V ~ >t"^&, with 1.1.52 #j
_& 8.2.66, 8.3.15
Declension of j (u-{G`-1)
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
Declension of 9x (w-{G`-1)
244
5`"#$%& s. 5`.
Declension of (_ (y-{G`-1)
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
0% ! *"#$%&
( )
! *"#$\]s are divided into two types: general and )>?(%<. Under )>?(%<,
-ending ( )
there is one sub-category.
246
! *"#$%&
( ) O. (.
5 6
! *
$ in ( ) V3 5 <3
)/
1
<3
U%( + ) 5
U%( + < 3 7.1.24 Vj< 3 ~ $%V (3 ) 3
! *%V o<j&
U%(< 3 6.1.107 "< >F &? ~ *& )!"QV%d%< 3
3
[LSK] o%V (6.1.69) S"V 0 Q# 1/1
3 #j & 1/1 Q4 U%( S1/1
3 \ takes place first. After >F
Being 9, <-OW4 ? , the which is *-OW4\ is treated
like 3 ^4& , it is o% - $.
of >F ,? which is $. Thus, from the view of 6.1.69 o%V )}
U%( + ) 5
U%( + < 3 7.1.24 Vj< 3 ~ $%V (3 ) 3
! *%V o<j&
U%(< 3 6.1.107 "< >F &? ~ *& )!"QV%d%< 3
U%( 3 ^4& ~ #j &
6.1.69 o%V )}
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
5 6
! *
$ in ( ) y
1
\`
! *%V 5/1
( ) 3 n 0 ~ $%V 5/1
3 y& 6/1 \` 1/1
U%( + y 1/2
U%( + \` 7.1.19 ( ) 3
! *% ~ $%V y& \`
U%( + [ 1.3.8 #\V"^V4 ~ SV, 3 1.3.9 V #j &
p-)!U% for $ 1.4.18 d"n p< 3
248
! *"#$%&
( ) O. (.
6 7
p S>?/ >? [/V"^V
1
#j
[LSK] [*%94 7/1 V"^V4 7/1 n 0 94 7/1 p 6/1 S>?- >?dj& 6/2 #j & 1/1
#j is the substitute in the place of the last letter of S>?/ >?-ending p-)!U* $
when followed by [ or V"^V-Ld.
U%( + y 1/2
U%( + \` 7.1.19 ( ) 3
! *% ~ $%V y& \`
U%( + [ 1.3.8 #\V"^V4 ~ SV, 3 1.3.9 V #j &
p-)!U% for $ 1.4.18 d"n p< 3
[LSK] S"V 0 V-#j
3 4 7/1 L%4 7/1
Now, U%(, >?-ending p is followed by [. #j of by 6.4.148 d4"V n is L%.
However, the next >%"V?* debars 6.4.148 d4"V n.
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Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
250
! *"#$%&
( ) O. (.
5 6
! *
$ in ( ) 3
)/\) 3
1
"\
251
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6 7
! *
( ) #/3 n 3 )>?(%<%(
1
3
(<-Ov<
3 "<V because
(< is 3 3 SV by
the last < is 3 1.3.3 Q#< .
3 The next stra teaches where "<V-3
252
! *"#$%&
( ) O. (.
6
last
n3
1
3
"<V-Ov<
"<V 1/1
3 n& 6/1 %V 5/1
3 9& 1/1 ~ & 1/1
4 words in the )FG; 1 word as (>t"|
3
"<V 1/1 3 d
< SV 3 3
)& "<V (116B)
n& 6/1 L%Q%9& n, 3 in "(f%?94 1`; in *>n(< to
3 express %"V, the class of n; 3 among
253
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
5 3
U%(%V/U%(%W 3 same as above same as above
254
! *"#$%&
( ) O. (.
5 6
! *
2V9 etc. in ( ) 5 <3
)/
1
W 32 3
[LSK] & 5/3 `a4& 5/3 )- <j& 6/2 /2 3-OW4\& 1/1 %V III/1
3
3
/2 3 is the substitute in the place of ) and < after 5 types of )>?(%< words in neuter.
*V9 + ) 5
*V9 + W 3 7.1.25 /2 3 2V9%"W& & ~ ( )
! *4 & o<j&
To be continued
255
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
6 7
p " 3
"2V-Ld
1
#j
*V9 + ) 5
*V9 + W 3 7.1.25 /2 3 2V9%"W& & ~ ( )
! *4 & o<j&
*V9 3+ W 3 6.4.143 4 & ~ "2"V p #j &
*V9V 3 8.4.56 >%>)%( 4 n9 3
[LSK] *V94 1/2, 2/2 *V9%" 1/3, 2/3 Q4 *V9V S1/1
3 \41< 1/1
3 >! V 03
[LSK] >< 03 *V<V 1/1
3 SV9V 1/1
3 V 1/1
3 V9V 1/1
3
256
! *"#$%&
( ) O. (.
5 3
*V9%V/*V9%W 3 same as above same as above
*V9%V 5/1
3 L"V14f& 1/1 >& 1/1
*V9 + ) 5
*V9 + < 3 After 7.1.25 /2 3 2V9%"W& & is negated by (>%"V?*<)3 *V9%"V14fj >& ,
7.1.24 Vj< 3 takes place.
257
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*V9< 3 6.1.107 "< >F &? ~ *& *& >F ? 9dj& )!"QV%d%< 3
! *"#$& (1) c` %
O-*%9% -( )
c` + % 94 + " 3
c` %
6
! *
L%"V "W* in ( ) n3
1
o
o& 1/1 ( )
! *4 7/1 L%"V "W* 6/1
3 words in the )FG; no (>t"| is required.
o& 1/1 This is OW4\. By hearing o, 1.2.28 n will come and it becomes
adjective to L%"V "W*, resulting in L%"V "W* with VW ">"f.
! *4 7/1 In ">1d)<`; in neuter.
( )
L%"V "W* 6/1 In %(d4 jv% 1`.
After becoming a short -ending L%"V "W*, it declines exactly like U%(.
c` %
c` ! *4 L%"V "W*, with the help of 1.1.52 #j
1.2.47 oj ( )
258
! *"#$%&
( ) S. (.
3
>t >94 3 X (h-)
+ "n + 3
>%"9
[">"f)FG<]3 ! *%V 3 ~ * 3
7.1.23 o<j( ? )
There is * 3 elision for ) 5 and < when
3 preceded by neuter $.
5 6
! *
$ in ( ) 5 <3
)/
1
* 3
>%"9 + y
>%"9 + \` ! *% ~ \` y&
7.1.19 ( )
>%"9 + [ 1.1.56 %"(>W%W4\j("f_ , 1.3.8, 1.3.9
To be continued
259
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
6 7
! *
( ) S* 3 %"W ">p"
1
3
(<-Ov<
260
! *"#$%&
( ) S. (.
261
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
Side note:
3 <V% - S"V "(14f& "(&, V0% "Q
[LSK "` d] S*j"n ">p_ S"V G "n-Q%V (
By mentioning of "n in 7.2.73, "( of 1.1.63 is understood. To explain
3
n-Q! Q#%"W-%>te0 ?< 3
The mentioning of "n is to exclude Q#%"W suffix to follow.
3
VG ("< )"V " o%"W1 - S"V W4 (-#j 4 >%"9%< S"V-OW_ 4 ">\41- p%>&
3 given (when Q#%"W follows), with the W-)!U%, 8.2.7 can elide the (. 3 Thus
Even (< is
there is no difference in form.
)}jf( 4 ("< ( ")}fj& S"V "(14f(4 (*%9-#j - p%>4 VG (*%9-c>-O "|& S"V V ( >%:<, 3 )}^4& *%
4( VG Ld#- L>t|&4
3
In )}jf(, when (< comes, it should not be said that (#j is negated by 8.2.8, then
3 heard, because )}"^ ) 5 is elided by *,3 thus it
it will fall into the situation where ( is
3 ( <V%$.
cannot bring (< by
3 <V% - S"V "(14f "(! * d"V (U% d"V)
>! Q#%W_ Wj1- p%>4( "n Q! Q2 )V (
In this way, when Q#%"W follows, there is no problem without "n. Mentioning of
"n being useless, (but it is actually not,) it makes you know "( of ( <V% -.
V0% )"V Ld#4( )}jf( 4 ("< (*%9c>! %V 3 V& VW 3->%9%d "n S"V o- \
! 4 n%"9V%0<? 3
3
When ( <V% - is "(, (< will come in )}jf(. In order to negate this, mentioning
of "n has its own usefulness.
#! n U% ( - Q4 G j, Q4 G S"V p%Ldjv")"^& S"V-O"W
This is seen in p%.
262
! *"#$%&
( ) S. (.
>%"9 + 4 4/1
Here, there is ">L"V14f situation between 7.1.73 S*j"n">p_ and 7.3.111 T4"? "V. By
1.4.2 ">L"V14f 4 9! *%d?<,3 v which is told in 9)FG should take place.
[LSK] T4"? "V S"V 0 v4 7/1 L%4 7/1
When v is to take place, the next vrtika gives >F "? >L"V14f.
263
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
>%"9 + O< 3
3
>%"9 + ( O< 3 Even though 7.1.73 S*j"n">p_ is applicable,
264
! *"#$%&
( ) S. (.
265
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
W"f (curd) declines like >%"9 up to 3rdcase. 3rd case onwards the next stra is applied.
6 7
rd
"/W"f/)"l/ " n 3 3 ~ ">p"
1
( 3
266
! *"#$%&
( ) S. (.
1
#j
V 6/1
3 #j & 1/1 (& 6/1 ~ p 6/1 $ 6/1
18
3 %,
In *_<W`, VW ">"f is not used in order to avoid an unwanted possibility in the case of (( +
3 found at the end, as well as in the middle of p)!U*- $. The >t"| reflects that
etc. in which ( is
consideration. In *%"\*%, (& is duplicated and VW ">"f is used.
267
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
p (3 "/\`
1
Optional
#j
268
! *"#$%&
( ) S. (.
The rest declines like >%"9. The other three words in the stra 7.1.75
"W"f)jk%<(W%|& decline in the same manner.
269
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S1
2 same as above
4 same as above
5 same as above
7 same as above
The entire declension looks the same as for "Z in feminine, but the L"Hd% is totally
different.
270
! *"#$%&
( ) S. (.
2 same as above
5 same as above
Gd%%< 3 7.1.53, 7.1.54,
6
6.4.3, 8.4.2
7 "G1 8.3.59
271
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
272
! *"#$%&
( ) [. (.
~ S* 3 ( )
! *< 3 ">p"1
An S*-3 ending neuter word which can be used in masculine in the same sense,
3
followed by n-beginning 3rd case ">p" onwards, declines like masculine, in the opinion
of grammarian v%#>.
1 7
p%")V ! ! *
( ) S* 3 n 3 3rd case ~ ">p"
1
Optional >! V 3
273
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
19
? <, 3 VV n
[LSK "` ] )f`\] L>t"|"("<|! \jp(-%(-*Vt 3
3 -! 5`- `a41 )<%(<, 3 V"( )"V p%"1V ! -
! %> S"V
)f`\] h%#4 (VtV`d%"W1 etc.) >% o
The meaning of )"f ()f`) is one who does a good meditation, which is the same among
all three genders. When that is the case, under the conditions which were said, the )f` word
behaves like masculine.
? <, 3 f%Vt\]4 f%9- j1-*Vt
>! )\]4 \jp(-#>(-*Vt* ? ! "G1 ("#$41) V< 3
274
! *"#$%&
( ) [. (.
4
)"f + %
)"f + (% 7.3.120 Oj (%"{Gd%< 3
)"f(%
Before ">p" comes, the ending becomes o, and it declines like a o-S-ending
word.
)f`
)"f ! *4 L%"V "W*, with the help of 1.1.52 #j
1.2.47 oj ( )
)"f 7.1.23
S1 same as above same as above
/)f4 7.3.109
2 same as 1/1 same as above same as above
)"fd% 7.1.74, 6.4.85, 6.4.77 )"f%< 3 )"f"p&
3
)"f(% 7.1.73
)"fd4 7.1.74, 6.4.85, 6.4.77 )"f&
4 same as above
)"f( 4 7.1.73
)"fd& 7.1.74, 6.4.85, 6.4.77
5 same as above same as above
)"f(& 7.1.73, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
)"fdj& 7.1.74, 6.4.85, 6.4.77, )"fd%< 3 7.1.74, 6.4.85,
6 same as above 8.2.66, 8.3.15 6.4.77
)"f(j& 7.1.73, 8.2.66, 8.3.15 )f`(%< 3 (>%-) 7.1.54, 6.4.3
)"f"d 7.1.74, 6.4.85, )"f1 8.3.59
7 6.4.77 same as above
)"f"( 7.1.73
The rest declines like >%"9.
275
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
<f (honey) in neuter is not p%"1V ! , as <f in masculine conveys different meanings
such as spring season, name of demon, etc. Therefore, it declines exactly like >%"9.
276
! *"#$%&
( ) h. (.
! *"#$& (1) )
l-*%9% -( )
! *4 L%"V "W*
Before ">p" comes, the ending becomes o by 1.2.47 oj ( )
resulting in ).
) 7.1.23
S1 same as above same as above
/)#j 7.3.109
2 same as 1/1 same as above same as above
)% 7.1.74, 6.4.83 )%< 3 )"p&
3
)(% 7.1.73
)4 7.1.74, 6.4.83 )&
4 same as above
)( 4 7.1.73
)& 7.1.74, 6.4.83,
5 8.2.66, 8.3.15 same as above same as above
)(& 7.1.73, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
)j& 7.1.74, 6.4.83, )%< 3 7.1.74, 6.4.83
6 same as above 8.2.66, 8.3.15 )(%< 3 (>%-) 7.1.54, 6.4.3
)(j& 7.1.73, 8.2.66, 8.3.15
)" 7.1.74, 6.4.83 )1 8.3.59
7 same as above
)"( 7.1.73
277
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
f%Vt (one who sustains) can be in any gender, thus this is p%"1V ! .
3
2f% f%9 3 "9)
j1dj& (3U) to bear, to sustain + Vtn (*V?
20
! *%V 3 ~ * 3 is "(.
7.1.97 s&\(W!)j( 4Q)%! n does not take place because 7.1.23 o<j( ? )
21
7.3.110 sVj ")>?%(dj& ~ v& does not take place because of >t"^-y-VtF%>-v4j (< 3
>F "? >L"V14f(4 .
278
! *"#$%&
( ) s. (.
3
3rd case onwards, when n-beginning suffix follows, 7.1.74 VtV`d%"W1 p%"1V ! ! >! W 3
v%#> ~ S* 3 ( )
! *< 3 ">p"1 is applicable and two forms are to be made. One is like f%Vt
in masculine, and the other is like )f` in neuter.
However, 6/3 is the exception.
[LSK] f%V%< 6/3
3 |
279
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
In S1/1, v by 6.4.110 sVj ")>?%(dj& caused by )}"^ which was elided by *,3 as
the result of "( of 1.1.63 ( <V%$.
3
After 3rd case, when n-beginning suffix follows, 7.1.74 VtV`d%"W1 p%"1V ! ! >! W 3 v%#>
~ S* 3 ( )
! *< 3 ">p"1 is applicable and two forms are to be made. One is like f%Vt in
masculine, and the other is like )f` in neuter.
3 7.1.73 S*j"n ">p_
In 6/3, >! %>- p%>- 4, ( 3 by 7.1.54 takes precedence to (< by
by (>%-) (<"n9VtF%>4j ( 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4 .
280
! *"#$%&
( ) u. (.
! *"#$& (1) Lj
u-*%9% -( )
3 L
L*t k% _& d/d"( VV 3 ("W(<)3
281
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
[LSK] O"W d<%(14 7/3 o41 7/3 n& 6/1 S* 3 1/1 > 0 %V III/1
3
S h s p
(*&) (V%) (u_) (<Ff%?) (W %&)
To choose one letter from n, 3 1.1.50 %(4 9V<& is used. Then, S for and w, and h
for u and y are understood.22
[LSK] L 1/1
Lj
L ! *4 L%"V "W*, with 1.1.52 #j .
1.2.47 oj ( )
With the help of 1.1.48 n Szoo%W4\ 4 and 1.1.50 %(4 9V<&, OW4\ is decided.
L + ) 5
L ! *%V 3 ~ * 3
7.1.23 o<j( ? )
22
1.3.10 d0%)<(W4\& )<%(%< 3 is not used because this stra is "(d<, not >F "? >"f (a fresh injunction),
in which all the letters have to have n"9V%0 ? (usefulness). Here, being "(d<)FG, some letters (s, p) can
be left unused. This stra gives "(d< for ">"f in which o-OW4\ is given for n. 3
282
! *"#$%&
( ) u. (.
1 L L(` LF"(
283
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
3 L"9
L*t k& 9%& d/d"( VV 3 (*#<)3
23
! *%V 3 ~ * 3 is "( compared to 7.2.85 9%dj Q"# ~ O ">p_, which means, 7.1.23 can
7.1.23 o<j( ? )
be applied before or after 7.2.85, while 7.2.85 cannot be applied after 7.1.23. Thus 7.1.23 takes
precedence as told by ( -) >F ? 9-"(- 9$- 3
>%W%(%< h|9j|9j 3
a#`d%( .
After * 3 elision of ),5 the ) 5 cannot become the "("<| for 7.2.85 9%dj Q"# ~ O ">p_ because of
1.1.63 ( <V%$ .
284
! *"#$%&
( ) w. (.
L"9 + O< 3
3
L"9 + ( O< 3 7.1.54 o(% j ( 3 by (>%"V?*<)3 (<"n9VtF%>4j ( 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4
L9` + (%< 3 6.4.3 (%"< ~ n& $ W`T&?
L9` + %< 3 3 & )<%( W4
8.4.2 %>%d4" ~ 91%%< (&
285
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
3 )
\jp(% (_& d/d"( VV 3 ( (*#<)3
[LSK] )( 1/1
)(_
)( ! *4 L%"V "W*, with 1.1.52 #j .
1.2.47 oj ( )
With the help of 1.1.48 n Szoo%W4\ 4 and 1.1.50 %(4 9V<&, OW4\ is decided.
)( + ) 5
)( ! *%V 3 ~ * 3
7.1.23 o<j( ? )
[LSK] )((` 1/2 )(F"( 1/3 )((% 3/1 S%"W 1/1
The entire declension is like <f.
1 )( )((` )(F"(
286
Index
Index
3
S&W 3%< 7.3.117 ................................................ 211
"n 9 sV& 7.2.100............................................. 216 s
"n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ 6.4.77 ....................... 138 3
sV hV 6.1.111 .................................................. 162
nj ""V 7.2.115 ............................................. 102 sVj ")>?(%<%(dj& 7.3.110 ............................ 157
T4& 7.3.119 ..................................................... 89 s&\(W!)j( 4Q)%! n 7.1.94 ............................ 158
3*%3(>%d4" 8.4.2 ................................... 25 3
s4j ` 4.1.5 ............................................... 236
3
Vj "p) w) 7.1.9 ................................................. 29
3
Vj< 7.1.24 ..................................................... 247 *>n(! )}"^& 2.3.49 ......................................... 19
W 32 3 2V9%"W& & 7.1.25 ............................. 255 3o%}^4& 6.1.69 .......................................... 21
(3 )_ 7.1.93 ..................................................... 93 n Szoo%W4\ 4 1.1.48 .......................................... 282
9! a"Qd?vj )!%(dj& 1.1.36 .............................. 59 ? 6.4.82 ................................ 140
9( 4*%nj)!djv >F
t *%# 3 Ld& 1.2.41 ...................................... 96
u
3
t It o)t(t( 4ktkt|tQjVt jVtL\%%< 6.4.11 .. 159 u& )" 6.4.83 ................................................... 172
"< >F &? 6.1.107................................................... 22 u") n 7.3.104 ................................................... 39
}%0(? j?o& 7.3.107 ....................................... 129 y
3
0>? Wf%V9Ld& L%"V "W*< 1.2.45 ......................... 2 y O & 7.1.18 ............................................... 193
#j%V 3 >F ? h f% 1.1.65 ................................... 94 yVj\)j& 6.1.93 ............................................ 187
6j j(& 6.4.134 .............................................. 267 3
yV 7.3.118 ...................................................... 104
"W"f)jk%<(W%|& 7.1.75 ....................... 266 *
O *t |"^V)<%)% 1.2.46 ........................................... 4
O*2%9%W4*% )!U% 1.4.1 .......................................... 77 Y
O" n% & 7.3.105.............................................. 195 %V 3 9 6.1.112 ......................................... 103
3
Oj (%"{Gd%< 7.3.120 ....................................... 86 v
O 6.1.90 ...................................................... 131 v"V 1.4.60 ...................................................... 148
O(%& 7.3.112 ................................................ 130 3
vjVj "V 7.1.90 ................................................. 186
OVj f%Vj& 6.4.140 ............................................... 79 T
OW4\Lddj& 8.3.59 ............................................ 42 T4"? "V 7.3.111 ..................................................... 87
O"< )>?(% & ) 3 7.1.52 ........................................ 52
S ")5)j 6.1.110 ............................................... 88
S*j"n ">p_ 7.1.73 .......................................... 260 ")j& %" (_ 7.1.15 ..................................... 51
287
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
3
9%d% 9)V9%< 7.2.101 ................................ 67 "V& )<%) > 1.4.8............................................ 106
\)j& "\& 7.1.20 ............................................. 251 W% 8.4.37 .................................................... 26
)& \` 7.1.17 ...................................................... 49 9 3.1.2 .............................................................. 7
") n 7.3.109 ..................................................... 83 3
>F ? 9%>9W"j|9% 9%f9%" >%d%<)!U%d%< 1.1.34
....................................................................... 56
%")5)%"<(%%& 7.1.12.................................... 27 >F %?"Wj (>j >% 7.1.16 ...................................... 60
4 & 6.4.143.......................................................... 256 Ld& 3.1.1 ........................................................... 7
2 3
Ld#j 4 Ld#< 1.1.62 .............................. 114
2"V n 1.1.25 ...................................................... 110 Ld 3 & 1.1.61 ..................................... 112
V L0<n9<Vd% %^?*"V d( 4<% 1.1.33..................... 62
V%)j (& "! ) 6.1.103 ..................................... 24 ? >?& 6.1.102...................................... 14
L0<dj& >F )
VtFGjk& 7.1.95 ................................................. 156 a
VtV`d%"W1 p%"1V ! ! >! W 3 v%#> 7.1.74 .............. 273 abv>V2"V )% 1.1.23 ................................ 109
W%W`(%<& 7.2.102 ............................................. 120 3
ab>n( 4 4V 7.3.103 .......................................... 36
"GnV9j& "{Gd%! "V)tnV)t 7.2.99 ............................ 215 3
ab1 ab>n(< 1.4.21 ............................................ 16
G45d& 7.1.53 ...................................................... 118 <
W "<Wnj%V 3 9& 1.1.47...................................... 253
W`T%? ") n 6.1.105 ............................................... 72 d
4*dj"Z>n( x*>n( 4 1.4.22 ...................................... 10 3
d"n p< 1.4.18 ..................................................... 76
( 3
d%d">"fW%"W Ld4$< 1.4.13 ................. 20
( "V)tnV)t 6.4.4 ................................................. 217 d4"V n 6.4.148................................................ 249
( pF)"fdj& 6.4.85 ............................................... 152 d%2% & 7.3.113 .................................................. 196
( <V%$ 1.1.63 ............................................ 115 dF %%_ (W` 1.4.3 ............................................ 127
( ">p_ V%& 1.3.4 ............................................. 18 9
( 1 3o %"W& 4.1.10 ........................................ 240 3
9%V ) 8.2.24 .................................................. 163
! * #n& 7.1.72 ........................................ 252
( ) 9%dj Q"# 7.2.85 .................................................. 189
288
Index
# o<j( ? ) 3
! *%V 7.1.23 ........................................... 259
#\V"^V4 1.3.8 ................................................... 23 o%"W)>?(%<%( 4 1.4.17..................................... 75
> o_ )<_k%%"i{4 %{")5%{)j)%!j
>1%?E 6.4.84 .................................................... 177 3
4.1.2 .............................................................. 5
>%\)j& 6.4.80 ................................................. 225 Q
>%"< 1.4.5 ........................................................... 232 3
Q#%j 3 "5 V
W`T%?V ) t ! Q# 3 6.1.68 ................... 97
>%>)%( 4 8.4.56 ...................................................... 38 o(% j ( 3 7.1.54............................................. 40
">p" 1.4.103 ................................................... 17 o v& 7.3.108 ............................................. 84
">p%1% " dj& 6.4.136......................................... 268 ! *4 L%"V "W* 1.2.47 ........................... 258
oj ( )
">p%1% VtV`d%"W"n 7.1.97 ................................... 161
"9p%1%&
">p%1% "WW<%)4 ab `Q_ 1.1.28 ............................. 202
3
( "9p%1%) *W4\">*t V<(>V................................ 69
3
">9%<j>)%(< 1.4.110 .......................................... 11
( "9p%1%) "("W d<%(%W4\% p>" ......................... 69
\
3 ( "9p%1%) W%$%"f*%94 V n VW n .................. 68
"\ )>?(%<%(< 1.1.42 ....................................... 251
>%"V?*%"(
\41j $)"Y 1.4.7 .................................................. 85
(>%"V?*<)3 s>%? ! >%:< .........................
3 180
1
(>%"V?*<)3 *V9%"V14fj >& ........................... 257
12 3j * 3 7.1.22 ................................................ 111
(>%"V?*<)3 y& d%! L"V14fj >%:& ........................ 250
% % 1 3 1.1.24 ................................................. 110
(>%"V?*<)3 v"V*%9*4 V9 >F ? W d (3 4V4 ............... 149
)
(>%"V?*<)3 V`d " >% ....................................... 65
)9)}^_ 7.1.92 ............................................. 101
(>%"V?*<)3 q9 (& >F 3
? p>j d >& ............... 178
)}^_ n 7.3.106 ................................................ 194
(>%"V?*<)3 "Z 6? %(%<4>"4 k& .................................. 121
) %%<4*\41 *">p_ 1.2.64 ............................. 12
(>%"V?*<)3 (<"n9VtF%>4j ( 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4 ........ 164
)>?(%<%( 4 n%)}^_ 6.4.8 .................................... 95
(>%"V?*<)3 L0<"#$Q! n.................................... 128
)>?(% & x 7.1.14................................................. 50
(>%"V?*<)3 >tf_VtF%>v4j (< 3 >F "? >L"V14f(4 .. 263
)>?(% & %V o 7.3.114 ................................. 200
)>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"( 1.1.27 ....................................... 46
)FGH<&
)"5 n 7.3.102 ...................................................... 28
1.1.23 abv>V2"V )% ................................ 109
! * 1.1.43 ............................................... 74
)2( )
1.1.24 % % 1 ................................................
3 110
) & 1.4.103 ........................................................... 8
1.1.25 2"V n ..................................................... 110
"{Gd%! n 7.1.96 ................................................... 235
1.1.27 )>%?W`"( )>?(%<%"( ...................................... 46
"{Gd%& 6.4.79 ..................................................... 224
1.1.28 ">p%1% "WW<%)4 ab `Q_ ............................ 202
%"(>W%W4\j("f_ 1.1.56 .................................. 31
3 1.1.33 L0<n9<Vd% %^?*"V d( 4<% .................... 62
o<U%"Vf(%%d%< 1.1.35 .................................... 58
289
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
290
Index
6.4.77 "n f%V~>%! @j"9d>_ ....................... 138 7.1.95 VtFGjk& ................................................ 156
6.4.79 "{Gd%& ..................................................... 224 7.1.96 "{Gd%! n .................................................. 235
6.4.8 )>?(%<%( 4 n%)}^_ .................................... 95 7.1.97 ">p%1% VtV`d%"W"n .................................. 161
6.4.80 >%\)j& ................................................. 225 7.2.100 "n 9 sV& ............................................ 216
? ................................ 140
6.4.82 9( 4*%nj)!djv >F 3
7.2.101 9%d% 9)V9%< ............................... 67
6.4.83 u& )" ................................................... 172 7.2.102 W%W`(%<& ............................................ 120
6.4.84 >1%?E .................................................... 177 7.2.115 nj ""V ............................................ 102
6.4.85 ( pF)"fdj& ............................................... 152 7.2.85 9%dj Q"# .................................................. 189
7.1.12 %")5)%"<(%%&.................................... 27 7.2.99 "GnV9j& "{Gd%! "V)tnV)t............................ 215
7.1.13 4 d&? ........................................................... 30 7.3.102 )"5 n ..................................................... 28
7.1.14 )>?(% & .................................................
x 50 3
7.3.103 ab>n( 4 4V .......................................... 36
7.1.15 ")j& %" (_ ..................................... 51 7.3.104 u") n ................................................... 39
7.1.16 >F %?"Wj (>j >% ....................................... 60 7.3.105 O" n% & ............................................. 195
7.1.17 )& \` ...................................................... 49 7.3.106 )}^_ n ............................................... 194
7.1.18 y O & ................................................ 193 7.3.107 }%0(? j?o& ...................................... 129
! *% .................................................. 248
7.1.19 ( ) 7.3.108 o v& ............................................. 84
7.1.20 \)j& "\& ............................................. 251 7.3.109 ") n..................................................... 83
3
7.1.22 12 3j * ................................................ 111 7.3.110 sVj ")>?(%<%(dj& ............................ 157
7.1.23 o<j( ? ) 3
! *%V ............................................ 259 7.3.111 T4"? "V ..................................................... 87
3
7.1.24 Vj< ..................................................... 247 7.3.112 O(%&................................................ 130
7.1.25 W 32 3 2V9%"W& & ............................. 255 7.3.113 d%2% & .................................................. 196
7.1.52 O"< )>?(% & ) ........................................
3 52 7.3.114 )>?(% & %V o ................................ 200
7.1.53 G45d& ...................................................... 118 7.3.116 4 9% % `& ........................................ 133
7.1.54 o(% j ( 3 ............................................. 40 3
7.3.117 S&W 3%< ................................................ 211
! * #n& ........................................ 252
7.1.72 ( ) 3
7.3.118 yV ...................................................... 104
7.1.73 S*j"n ">p_ .......................................... 260 7.3.119 T4& .................................................... 89
7.1.74 VtV`d%"W1 p%"1V ! ! >! W 3 v%#> .............. 273 3
7.3.120 Oj (%"{Gd%< ...................................... 86
7.1.75 "W"f)jk%<(W%|& ....................... 266 3
8.2.24 9%V ) .................................................. 163
3
7.1.9 Vj "p) w) ................................................. 29 8.2.7 (#j & L%"V "W*% .................................. 99
3
7.1.90 vjVj "V .................................................. 186 8.3.59 OW4\Lddj& ........................................... 42
7.1.92 )9)}^_ ............................................. 101 8.4.2 3*%3(>%d4" ................................... 25
7.1.93 (3 )_ ..................................................... 93 8.4.37 W% .................................................... 26
7.1.94 s&\(W!)j( 4Q)%! n ............................. 158 4
8.4.56 >%>)%(...................................................... 38
291
Study Guide to P ini Stra through #T")^% *_<W` Vol. 2
292
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