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FILL EVERY SECOND OF YOUR TIME WITH GOOD DEEDS

Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET
TIME IS GOLD SO APPRECIATE IT
PROPERTIES OF HARDENED
CONCRETE

Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET

 The major properties of hardened concrete are:
a) Strength
b) Modulus Of Elasticity
c) Durability
d) Creep
e) Shrinkage
f) Watertightness (impermeability)
The properties of hardened concrete depends on:
a) Mix proportions (have greatest effect)
b) Curing conditions
c) Environment

Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET

 Compressive Strength
Generally considered in the design of most
concrete mixes.
Strength properties of concrete in a structure
usually estimated using test performed on a
small samples, made from fresh concrete as it
is placed in the structure, which are cured in
the labaroatory in a standard manner. ( Cube
test )
Compressive strength is by many factor.
Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET
 Compressive strength of can be affected by
the following factors such as:
a) Quantity of cement
b) Amount of water
c) Types of ingredients
d) Mix proportions
e) Curing
f) Temperature
g) Age
h) Size & Shape of specimen
i) Test conditions

Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET

 Effects Of The Type & Amount
Of Cement
Alteration of the quantity & makeup of the paste by
varying the amounts and water will give concretes with
different compressive strength.
Rate of hydration is not same for all type of cement.
Example:
Cements containing high precentage if Tricalcium
Silicate gain strength much faster than do cements
containing more Dicalcium Silicate.

Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET

 Effects Of Aggregate
Strength of concrete improves with increase
in the fineness modulus of the fine aggregate.
A higher number of fineness modulus means
a coarser gradation
Increase in fineness modulus, the surface area
of particles goes up, requiring less mixing
water at the same consistency.
Decrease in amount of water improves the
compressive strength of concrete.
Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET
 Larger max. size coarse aggregate with lower water
requirement can produce strong concrete. Reduction in
w/c ratio improves the strength of concrete.
Using larger aggregate without decrease in amount
water decreases the compressive strength
Strength of concrete could also be affected by the type
and size of coarse aggregate.
Angular & rough surface texture particles granite
aggregates may contribute to an increment in
compressive strength off up to 20% compared to concrete
made with river gravel at the same w/c ratio.

Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET

 Effects Of Water-To-Cement
Water
Ratio
The w/c is the ratio between the weight of water and
cement in a concrete mix.
For proper hydration, w/c ratio should be 0.35
In practice, w/c 0.55-0.65,
0.65, for workable concrete
Increase in amount of mixing water, while keeping the
cement content constant would lead to increase in the
void content and the concrete strength drops.
Increase water lead to decrease of concrete strength

Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET

 Influence Of Voids
Increase in water content increase the voids in
concrete, lowering the durability,
watertightness and compressive strength.
Good dense concrete requires a sufficient
amount of cement to achieve strength,
suitable gradation to minimize the void
content & proper consolidation to remove air
bubbles trapped within the mass.
Amount of water should just be enough to
guarantee the hydration of all cement grains.
Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET
 Any excess water in the mix (water that doesn't
participate in hydration process) hikes the amount of
voids that will be filled with air or water depending on
moisture content.
Increase in voids, diminishes the quality of concrete.
A good quality concrete need to be considered on the
following aspects during concrete making such as:
a) sufficient amount of cement
b) well-graded aggregate
c) ample compaction
d) minimum mixing water.

Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET

 Benefits Of Curing
Concrete ripen and grow stronger with age &
curing
The strength of properly cured concrete at 1
day after mixing is about 10-15%
10 of its 28 days
strength. At 7 days, it is about 50-60
50 percent.'
Improvement in strength of concrete beyond a
year is small
Increase of water temperature, either at mixing
stage or during curing, augments the rate of
gain in strength.
Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET
Strength

Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET

 Tensile Testing
Indirect: brittle
cylindrical
Direct: ductile
splitting tension / diametral
cylindrical, prismatic compression
reduced section @ center

Test Parameters
surface imperfections
rate of loading c
temperature (ductile) t
specimen size

Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET

 Flexure (Bending)
Compression

Neutral
Axis

Tension
elastic range
My
=
I
for y = c, =modulus of rupture =flexural strength

Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET

 Flexural Testing
Three-point
Four-point
(center point)
constant moment, no shear in
smaller specimens center
higher flexural strength (size effect)
shear may be a factor
General
shear effects ignored as long as l/d
>5
apply load uniformly across width

localized loading stresses (3 vs.

4 pt)
load symmetrically

Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET

Correlation of Concrete Strengths

Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET

 Correlation of Concrete Strengths
Relation between Compressive & Tensile Strength
We consider only Compresmpressive Strength & ignore tensile
strength of concrete
But for concrete pavement
ement design , it is based on flexural
strength of concrete
Also we can measure compressive strength of concrete
for different conditions
If satisfactory relation
n between
betw compressive strength &
flexural strength is established , pavements can be
designed for specified flexural strength value
Type of coarse aggregate influences this relationship

Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET

 Correlation of Concrete Strengths
Relation between Compressive & Tensile Strength
From extensive study carried out at Central Road
Research Laboratory,
y = 11 x 3.4
Where, y is flexural Strength & x is compressive strength.
Flexural strength of concret
oncrete is found to be 8 to 11 % of
compressive strength of concrete for grade above M25
Flexural strength of concrete is found to be 9 to 12.8 %
of compressive strengthth of concrete
c for grade below M25

Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET

 Modulus of Elasticity
How it is determined?
By subjecting a cube or cylindrical speciman to uniaxial
compression and measuring
ing the
th deformations by means of dial
gauges fixed between certain gauge length
Dial gauge reading divided
ivided by cross sectional area gives
strain
Applied load divided by cross sectional area gives stress
The MOE so found above ove is Static Modulus of Elasticity
Even under short term loading,
loadi concrete does not behave
as an elastic material

Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET

 Modulus of Elasticity
How it is determined?

Average Compressive strength MOE

MPa GPa
21 21.4
28 28.5
35 32.1
42 35.7
56 42.9
70 46.4

Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET

 Relation between Modulus of Elasticity &
Strength

At same stress strength ratio, stronger concrete has higher

strain
But, Stronger the concrete, higher the MOE
Stronger the concrete, less the strain
As per IS 456,
MOE = 5000 fck

Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET

 CREEP

Definition:
It can be defined As time dependent part of strain resulting
from stress.
Stress strain relationship is not a straight line but curved one.
Degree of curvature of stress strain relationship depends on
Intensity of stress
Time for which load is acting
So this relationship becomes function of time
All materials undergo creep under some conditions of
loading to a greater or small extent.
But concrete creeps significantly at all stresses & for
long time. Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET
 CREEP

CREEP
It can also be defined as increase in strain under a sustained
constant stress after taking into account other time dependent
deformations.
FACTORS AFFECTING CREEP
Water cement ratio:
Decrease in w\cc ratio => decrease in creep
Strength
Creep is inversly proportional to strength of concrete
Relative humidity
Creep is higher, lower the relative humidity
Temprature
Creep is greater when concrete is heated
Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET
 SHRINKAGE

Means What???
Concrete is subjected to changes in volume, either
autogeneous or induced, which affect long term strength and
durability.
On site, it results in formation of cracks
Term shrinkage is loosely y used to describe the various aspects
of volume changes in concrete due to loss of moisture at
different stages due to different reasons

Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET

 TYPES OF SHRINKAGE

A. Plastic Shrinkage
It generates after concrete is placed in formwork while
concrete is in plastic state
May be due to loss of water by
evapouration,
absorption by aggregates,
Absorption by subgrade
Plastic shrinkage can be reduced
reduce by preventing the rapid loss of
water from concrete surface

Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET

 TYPES OF SHRINKAGE

B. Drying Shrinkage
As hydration of cement is ever lasting process, drying
shrinkage also
Drying shrinkage of concrete
crete is
i similar to mechanism of drying
of timber specimen.
Loss of free water contained in hardened concrete does not
result in appreciable dimension change
It is loss of water held in gel pores that causes the change in
volume
Cement paste shrinks more than mortar
Mortar shrinks more than concrete

Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET

 SPECIAL CONCRETES
LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRTE:
Regular concrete is with disadvantage of High Self weight
Density of normal concrete 2200 to 2600 Kg/m3
Attempts are made to reduce self weight upto 300 to 1850
Kg/m3 called Light Weight Concrete
Advantage
Reduction in dead load
Increase progress of building
Lower haulage & handling cost
Beneficial for foundation design in case of weak soil & tall
structures

Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET

 SPECIAL CONCRETES
LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRTE:
Additional Advantage:
If light weight concrete is used, it gives outlet for
utilisation of industrial waste such as clinker, fly ash
slag etc.
By replacing usual mineral aggregates by cellular porous /
light weight aggregates
By introducing gas or air bubbles
bub in mortor(aerated concrete)
By omitting sand fraction from aggregates called no fines
concrete

Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET

 SPECIAL CONCRETES
LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRTE:
No fines concrete:
Fine aggregates are omitted from conventional concrete
Concrete made up of only CA, cement and water
Single sized CA are used of size passing on 20 mm &
retaining on 10 mm
Give architectural attractive look
Strength depending on aggregate cement ratio
No fines with conventionalonal aggregates
a gives density of 1600
to 1900 Kg/m3
No fines with light weight aggregates gives density of 360
Kg/m3
Bond strength is low
Strength 1.4 to 14 Mpa
Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET
WORK HARD AND SMART ALWAYS TO ACHIEVE SUCCESS IN LIFE

Prof. Sagar B Patil, TKIET

ALWAYS BE KIND AND HELPFUL