CERTC Refresher 3 ELECS

Electronics Engineering
Instruction: Select the correct answer for each of the following B. The reverse biasing of the base - collector junction*
questions. Mark only one answer for each item by shading the box C. The forward biasing of emitter-base junction
corresponding to the letter of your choice on the answer sheet provided. D. The early removal of stored base charge during saturation-to-cut
off
Strictly no erasures allowed. Use pencil no. 1 only.
NOTE: Whenever you come across a caret (^) sign, it means 13. The average power delivered to an impedance (4 - j3) by a current
exponentiation. 5 cos (100t + 100)A is
A. 44.2W C. 50W*
1. n-type silicon is obtained by doping silicon with
B. 62.5W D. 125W
A. Germanium C. Aluminum
B. Boron D. Phosphorus* 14. A bulb in a staircase has two switches, one switch being at the
ground floor and the other one at the first floor. The bulb can be
2. Choose proper substitutes for X and Y to make the following
turned ON and also can be turned OFF by any one of the switches
statement correct Tunnel diode and Avalanche photo diode are
irrespective of the state of the other switch. The logic of switching of
operated in X bias ad Y bias respectively
the bulb resembles
A. X: reverse, Y: reverse C. X: reverse, Y: forward
A. an AND gate C. an OR gate
B. X: forward, Y: reverse* D. X: forward, Y: forward
B. an XOR gate* D. a NAND gate
3. The circuit shown in the figure is best described as a
15. The magnetic flux around a straight, current-carrying wire
A. gets stronger with increasing distance from the wire.
B. is strongest near the wire.*
C. does not vary in strength with distance from the wire.
D. consists of straight lines parallel to the wire.
16. As the number of turns in a coil that carries ac increases without
A. bridge rectifier C. ring modulator limit, the current in the coil will
B. frequency discriminator D. voltage doubler* A. eventually become very large. C. stay the same.
B. decrease, approaching zero.* D. be stored in the core material.
4. Twelve 1 resistance are used as edges to form a cube. The
resistance between two diagonally opposite corners of the cube is 17. A material with a high dielectric constant
A. 5/6 * C. 1 A. acts to increase capacitance per unit volume.*
B. 6/5 D. 3/2 B. acts to decrease capacitance per unit volume.
5. An amplifier without feedback has a voltage gain of 50, input C. has no effect on capacitance.
D. causes a capacitor to become polarized.
resistance of 1 k and output resistance of 2.5 k. The input
resistance of the current-shunt negative feedback amplifier using 18. The left-hand rule for solenoids states that
the above amplifier with a feedback factor of 0.2, is A. if the fingers of the left hand encircle the coil in the same
A. 1/11 k* C. 1/5 k direction as electron flow, the thumb points in the direction of the
B. 5 k D. 11 k north pole.*
B. if the thumb of the left hand points in the direction of current flow,
6. An ideal op-amp is an ideal
A. voltage controlled current source the fingers point toward the north pole.
C. if the fingers of the left hand encircle the coil in the same
B. voltage controlled voltage source*
C. current controlled current source direction as electron flow, the thumb points in the direction of the
south pole.
D. current controlled voltage source
D. if the thumb of the right hand points in the direction of electron
7. Voltage series feedback results in flow, the fingers point in the direction of the north pole.
A. increase in both input and output impedances
19. A coil of resistance 100 is placed in a magnetic field of 1 mWB.
B. decrease in both input and output impedances
C. increase in input impedance and decrease in output impedance* The coil has 100 turns and a galvanometer of 400 resistance is
connected in series with it. Find the average current if the coil is
D. decrease in input impedance and increase in output impedance
moved 1/10th second from the given field of 0.2 mWb.
8. The circuit in the figure is a A. 2.3 mA C. 3.1 mA
B. 1.6 mA* D. 2.7 mA
20. The NPN transistor given below is properly biased if what values of
voltages are present at each of its terminals?

A. low-pass filter* C. high-pass filter

B. band-pass filter D. band-reject filter
9. In the voltage regulator shown in the figure, the load current can A. E = +3; B = +1; C = -7 C. E = -1; B = +1; C = +10*
vary from 100 mA to 500 mA. Assuming that the Zener diode is ideal B. E = -1.7; B = -2.7; C = -5 D. E = 0; B = 0; C = +12
(i.e., the Zener knee current is negligibly small and Zener resistance 21. Calculate the output offset voltage of an inverting amplifier with Rf
is zero in the breakdown region), the value of R is =150k, R1=2k and input offset voltage of 1.2 mV.
A. 21.9 mV C. 90 mV
B. 91.2 mV* D. 9 mV
22. Calculate the input bias currents at each input of an op-amp having
specified values of IIO = 5 nA and IIB = 30 nA.
A. 35 nA, 40 nA C. 25 nA, 35 nA
B. 2.5 nA, 15 nA D. 27.5 nA, 32.5 nA*
A. 7 C. 70 23. A class A amplifier with RC = 3.3 k and RE = 1.2 k has a VCC =
B. 70/3 D. 14 * 20 V. Find IC(sat)
10. The bandgap of Silicon at room temperature is A. 4.4 mA* C. 6.1 mA
A. 1.3 eV C. 0.7 eV B. 16.7 mA D. 20 mA
B. 1.1 eV* D. 1.4 eV 24. A class C amplifier has a fundamental amplitude of 2.5V, second
11. The concentration of minority carriers in an extrinsic semiconductor harmonic amplitude of 0.25V, third harmonic amplitude of 0.1V, and
under equilibrium is fourth harmonic amplitude of 0.05V. Calculate the total harmonic
A. Directly proportional to doping concentration* distortion
B. Inversely proportional to the doping concentration A. 5.20% C. 12.85%
C. Directly proportional to the intrinsic concentration B. 7.45% D. 10.95%*
D. Inversely proportional to the intrinsic concentration 25. Calculate the total power of the signal if the current is 5A and the
12. The phenomenon known as Early Effect in a bipolar transistor resistance is 10 from the previous problem.
refers to a reduction of the effective base-width caused by A. 277.4W C. 126.5W*
A. Electron - hole recombination at the base B. 253.0W D. 138.7W

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 CERTC Refresher 3 ELECS
Electronics Engineering
26. A meter with a resistance of 100 and a full scale deflection of B. 20 F D. 40 F
current of 1 mA is to be converted into voltmeter of 0 - 5 V range.
38. The turn ratio of a transformer is 20:1, if a load of 10 is connected
The multiplier resistance should be
across the secondary, what will be the effective resistance seen
A. 490 C. 5000
looking into the Primary?
B. 4900 * D. 5100
A. 2 k C. 4 k*
27. The equivalent form of the logical B. 8 k D. 32 k
expression is 39. The conductance of a certain wire is 0.5 S. Another wire of the
same material and at the same temperature has a diameter twice as
A.
great and a length three times as great. What is the conductance of
B. the second wire?
C. A. 1 S C. 0.333 S
B. 0.667 S* D. 3 S
D. *
40. A steady current of 20 mA is passed through a choke with an
28. A particular green LED emits light of wavelength 5490, , the inductance of 100 mH in 1/1000 s. What is the voltage induced by
energy bandgap of the semiconductor material used there is the coil?
A. 2.26 eV* C. 1.98 eV A. 2 V C. 3.5 V
B. 1.17 eV D. 0.74 eV B. 0.35 V D. 0 V*
29. In a thyristor the gate current is increased, then 41. Find the approximate inductance of a single-layer 50-turn coil that is
A. anode current will increase wound on a ferromagnetic cylinder 1.5 cm long and 1.5 mm in
B. anode current will decrease diameter. The ferromagnetic material has a relative permeability of
C. anode current will remain constant* 7000.
D. anode current may increase or decrease A. 5.29 mH C. 2.95 mH
30. For BJT transistor. The maximum power dissipation is specified as B. 5.92 mH D. 2.59 mH*
350 mW if ambient temperature is 25C. If ambient temperature is 42. If the emitter resistor is open, the collector voltage is
60C the maximum power dissipation should be limited to about A. Low C. High*
A. 100 mW C. 250 mW* B. Unchanged D. Unknown
B. 450 mW D. 600 mW
43. Filters with the _____ characteristic are useful when a rapid roll-off
31. You have a light-dimmer circuit using an SCR. In testing the circuit, is required because it provides a roll-off rate greater than
you find that IG = 0 mA and the light is still on. You conclude that the 20/dB/decade/pole.
trouble might be one of the following: A. Butterworth C. Chebyshev*
A. the SCR is open. B. Bessel D. None
B. the switch is faulty.
C. the gate circuit is shorted. 44. The efficiency at maximum power transfer is
D. this is normal; nothing is wrong.* A. 75% C. 25%
B. 100% D. 50%*
32. The circuit of the given figure realizes the function
45. Energy wasted in heat as the molecular dipoles lag the magnetizing
force is called the
A. copper loss C. I2R loss
B. skin effect D. hysteresis loss*
46. The separation between conduction band and valence band on the
energy level diagram is known as
A. conduction band C. forbidden gap*
A. * C. B. valence band D. band gap
B. D. 47. A roll-off of 20 dB per decade is equivalent to a roll-off of _____ per
octave.
33. For a three-input AND gate, with the input waveforms as shown
A. 3 dB C. 13 dB
below, which output waveform is correct?
B. 12 dB D. 6 dB*
48. An RC network has R = 47 k and C = 0.22 F. What is the cutoff
frequency?
A. 154 Hz C. 1540 Hz
B. 1.54 Hz D. 15.4 Hz*
49. Which of the following describes a p-type semiconductor?
A. Neutral* C. Positively charged
B. Negatively charged D. Has many free electrons
50. If the bulk resistance is zero, the graph above the knee becomes
A. Horizontal C. Vertical*
A. A C. B B. Tilted at 45 D. None of the above
B. C* D. D 51. What is the PIV across each diode of a bridge rectifier with a
34. Which of the following is an important feature of the sum-of- secondary voltage of 20 V rms?
products form of expressions? A. 14.1 V C. 20 V
A. All logic circuits are reduced to nothing more than simple AND B. 28.3 V* D. 34 V
and OR operations.* 52. An ideal voltage source has
B. The delay times are greatly reduced over other forms. A. Zero internal resistance* C. Infinite internal resistance
C. No signal must pass through more than two gates, not including B. A load-dependent voltage D. A load-dependent current
inverters.
D. The maximum number of gates that any signal must pass 53. How much forward diode voltage is there with the ideal-diode
through is reduced by a factor of two. approximation?
A. 0* C. 0.7 V
35. Determine the output frequency for a frequency division circuit that B. More than 0.7 V D. 1 V
contains 12 flip-flops with an input clock frequency of 20.48 MHz.
A. 10.24 kHz C. 30.24 kHz 54. If the load current is 5 mA and the filter capacitance is 1000uF, what
B. 5 kHz* D. 15 kHz is the peak-to-peak ripple out of a bridge rectifier?
A. 21.3 pV C. 56.3 nV
36. What is one disadvantage of an S-R flip-flop? B. 21.3 mV D. 41.7 mV*
A. It has no enable input. C. It has an invalid state.*
B. It has no clock input. D. It has only a single output. 55. If the load resistance decreases in a zener regulator, the series
current
37. Determine the value of capacitor that is required to force commutate A. Decreases
a thyristor given a turnoff time of 20s with a 96V battery and a full- B. Stays the same*
load current of 100A? C. Increases
A. 10 F C. 30 F* D. Equals the source voltage divided by the series resistance

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 CERTC Refresher 3 ELECS
Electronics Engineering
56. What is the typical value of slew rate of an operational amplifier?
A. 1 V/s* C. 2 V/s
B. 3 V/s D. 4 V/s
57. A lead wire and an iron wire are connected in parallel. Their
respective specific resistances are in the ratio 49:24. The former
carries 80% more current than the latter and the latter is 47% longer
than the former. Determine the ratio of their cross sectional areas.
A. 0.3 C. 0.4*
B. 0.5 D. 0.6
58. A parallel-plate capacitor has plates 0.15 mm apart and dielectric
with relative permittivity of 3. Find the electric field intensity if the A. A. 2+3 e15 t * C. 2+7 e15t
surface charge is 5 x 10-4 C/cm2.
A. 188 V/m C. 250 V/m
B. B. 23 e15 t D. 27 e15 t
B. 188 kV/m* D. 250 kV/m 66. Compute the network resistance between points A and B.
59. Calculate the output voltage in the following figure if V1 = 4.4 mV
and V2 = 2.7 mV.

A A. 18/11 ohms C. 19/11 ohms*

B. 19/11 ohms D. 20/11 ohms
67. A capacitor of 10 F is connected to a dc supply through a
resistance of 1.1 M. Calculate the time taken for the capacitor to
A. 3.55 mV C. 7.1 mV
reach 90% of its final charge.
B. 1.7 mV* D. 5.35 mV
A. A. 32.55 s C. 25.33 s *
60. Refer to the figure below B. 53.44 s D. 42.33 s
68. A certain series resonant circuit has a bandwidth of 2 kHz. If the
existing coil is replaced with one having a higher value of a Q, the
bandwidth will
A. Increase C. decrease*
B. Remain the same D. be less selective
69. The usual way to protect a load from excessive supply voltage is
with a
A. Crowbar* C. Four-layer diode
B.Zener diode D.Thyristor
70. A coil of resistance 100 is placed in a magnetic field of 1 mWb.
The coil has 100 turns and a galvanometer of 400 resistance is
connected in series with it. Find the average current if the coil is
Calculate the value of the drain current ID. moved 1/10th second from the given field to a field of 0.2 mWb.
A. 6.7 mA* C. 4.3 mA A. 2.3 mA C. 3.1 mA
B. 5.4 mA D. 7.2 mA B. 1.6 mA* D. 2.7 mA

61. Solve for the value of VDS. 71. When the output Y in the circuit below is 1, it implies that data has
A. 19.37 V C. 23.57 V
B. 12.5 V D. 14.4 V*
62. The stray-wiring capacitance has an effect on the
A. Lower cutoff frequency C. Midband voltage gain
B. Upper cutoff frequency* D. Input resistance
A. changed from 0 to 1* C. changed from 1 to 0
63. A T flip-flop can be derived by
B. changed in either direction` D. not changed
A. connecting the two inputs of the JK flip-flop together*
B. by inverting the inputs of a JK flip-flop 72. An amplifier using an opamp with a slew-rate SR = 1 V/sec has a
C. connecting the RS flip-flops input to ground gain of 40 dB. If this amplifier has to faithfully amplify sinusoidal
D. securing an integrated circuit with three inputs signals from dc to 20 kHz without introducing any slew-rate induced
distortion, then the input signal level must not exceed.
64. The following figure shows the hybrid equivalent model for what
A. 795 mV C. 395 mV
type of configuration?
B. 79.5 mV* D. 39.5 mV
73. Thee ideal OP-AMP has the following characteristics.
A. Ri= , A = , R0 = 0* C. Ri= 0, A = , R0 = 0
B. Ri= , A = , R0 = D. Ri= 0, A = , R0 =
74. The inductance of a coil can be adjusted in a practical way by
A. varying the frequency of the signal applied to the coil.
B. varying the number of turns using multiple taps.*
C. varying the current in the coil.
A. Common base C. Common collector D. varying the wavelength of the signal applied to the coil.
B. Common emitter D. Fixed bias
75. For a class B amplifier providing a 20-V peak signal to a 16- load
65. Find i(t) in the circuit in Fig. 7.51 for t >0. Assume that the switch (speaker) and a power supply of VCC = 30 V, determine the circuit
has been closed for a long time. efficiency.
A. 47.5% C. 52.3%*
B. 49.2% D. 57.5%

76. and i(t) is a unit step, then V(t) in the

steady state is given by
A. 4/9* C. 4/3
B. 0 D.

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 CERTC Refresher 3 ELECS
Electronics Engineering
77. Which of the following is the primary advantage of using the BCD B. 13.33 pf D. Data inadequate
code instead of straight binary coding?
90. A differential amplifier has a common-mode gain of 0.2 and a
A. Fewer bits are required to represent a decimal number with the
common-mode rejection ratio of 3250. What would the output
BCD code.
voltage be if the single-ended input voltage was 7 mV rms?
B. The relative ease of converting to and from decimal.*
A. 1.4 mV rms C. 650 mV rms
C. BCD codes are easily converted to hexadecimal codes.
B. 4.55 V rms* D. 0.455 V rms
D. BCD codes are easily converted to straight binary codes.
91. As a technician you are confronted with a TTL circuit board
78. Which rectifier has the best ratio of rectification?
A. Half wave rectifier containing dozens of IC chips. You have taken several readings at
B. Full wave rectifier numerous IC chips, but the readings are inconclusive because of
C. Bridge rectifier their erratic nature. Of the possible faults listed, select the one that
D. Three phase full wave rectifier* most probably is causing the problem.
79. Figure shows characteristics curves for bipolar transistor. These A. A defective IC chip that is drawing excessive current from the
curves are power supply
B. A solar bridge between the inputs on the first IC chip on the board
C. An open input on the first IC chip on the board*
D. A defective output IC chip that has an internal open to Vcc
92. The carry propagation can be expressed as ________.
A. Cp = AB C. Cp = A + B*
B. D.
93. The most useful ac bridge for comparing capacitances of two air
A. output characteristics of n-p-n transistor (common base) capacitor is
B. output characteristics of p-n-p transistor (common base)* A. Schering C. Wien Series
C. output characteristics of n-p-n transistor (common emitter) B. De Sauty* D. Wien Parallel
D. output characteristics of p-n-p transistor (common emitter) 94. The power dissipated by a transistor approximately equals the
80. A decade counter skips collector current times
A. binary states 1000 to 1111 C. binary states 0000 to 0011 A. Base-emitter voltage C. Collector-emitter voltage*
B. binary states 1010 to 1111* D. binary states 1111 to higher B. Base supply voltage D. 0.7 V
81. Find the speed of an electron after it has moved through a potential 95. To get a negative gate-source voltage in a self-biased JFET circuit,
difference of 5000 V. you must use a
A. 4.2 x 107 m/s* C. 6.2 x 107 m/s A. voltage divider C. source resistor*
B. 5.2 x 107 m/s D. 7.2 x 107 m/s B. ground D. negative gate supply voltage
82. Maxterm designation for A + B + C is 96. In a class B push-pull amplifier, the transistors are biased slightly
A. M0 * C. M1 above cutoff to avoid
B. M3 D. M4 A. crossover distortion* C. unusually high efficiency
B. negative feedback D. a low input impedance
83. It is desired to display the digit 7 using a seven segment display.
The LEDs to be turned on are 97. Often a common-collector will be the last stage before the load; the
A. a, b, c* C. b, c, d main function of this stage is to
B. c, d, e D. a, b, d A. provide voltage gain
B. buffer the voltage amplifiers from the low-resistance load*
84. The threshold voltage of an n-channel enhancement mode C. provide phase inversion
MOSFET is 0.5 when the device is biased at a gate voltage of 3V. D. provide a high-frequency path to improve the frequency response
Pinch off would occur at a drain voltage of
A. 1.5 V C. 2.5 V* 98. "Series" and "parallel" as applied to dc motors refer to
B. 3.5 V D. 4.5 V A. the connection of the motor and controller
B. the connection of the field coil and armature windings*
85. The intrinsic carrier concentration of silicon sample at 300 K is 1.5 x C. the connection of the brush and commutator
1016/m3. If after doping, the number of majority carriers is 5 x D. the connection of the motor batteries
1020/m3. The minority carrier density is
A. 4.5 x 1011/m3* C. 3.33 x 104/m3 99. What is the reluctance of a material that has a length of 0.045 m, a
B. 5 x 1020/m3 D. 3 x 10-5/m3 cross-sectional area of 0.015 m2, and a permeability of 2500
Wb/Atm?
86. For an P-channel enhancement type MOSFET determine the drain A. 833.33 At/Wb
current if K = 0.278 x 10-3A/V2, VGS = -4V, VT = -2V, Voltage B. 0.27 At/Wb
equivalent at 27C = 26 mV. C. 1200 At/Wb*
A. 10 mA C. 1.11 mA* D. More information is needed in order to find the reluctance.
B. 0.751 mA D. 46.98 mA
100. An ideal sawtooth voltages waveform of frequency of 500 Hz and
87. An increase in junction temperature of a semiconductor diode amplitude 3V is generated by charging a capacitor of 2 mF in every
A. causes a small increase in reverse saturation current cycle. The charging requires
B. causes a large increase in reverse saturation current* A. Constant voltage source of 3 V for 1 ms
C. does not affect reverse saturation current B. Constant voltage source of 3 V for 2 ms
D. may cause an increase or decrease in reverse saturation current C. Constant current source of 1 mA for 1 ms
depending on rating of diode D. Constant current source of 3 mA for 2 ms*
88. If the drift velocity of holes under a field gradient of 100 V/m is
5m/sec. Their mobility is
A. 0.05* C. 0.5 God Bless!
B. 50 D. 500
89. Determine the transistor capacitance of a diffused junction varicap
diode of a reverse potential of 4.2 V if C(0) = 80 pf and VT = 0.7 V
A. 42 pf* C. 153.03 pf

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