Synchronous

Generators
(SG)
Construction

EE 147 Electromechanical Energy Conversion Mindanao State University-General Santos

 Objectives

1. Identify the different prime movers used to

generate mechanical energy
2. Differentiate armature winding from field
winding.

EE 147 Electromechanical Energy Conversion Engr. Jay S. Villan, MEP Mindanao State University-General Santos
 In a synchronous generator, a rotor magnetic
field is produced either by:
1. designing the rotor as a permanent magnet
2. applying a dc current to a rotor winding to create
an electromagnet.
The rotor of the generator is then turned by a
prime mover, producing a rotating magnetic
field within the machine. This rotating magnetic
field induces a three-phase set of voltages within
the stator windings of the generator.

EE 147 Electromechanical Energy Conversion Engr. Jay S. Villan, MEP Mindanao State University-General Santos
 Prime Mover

Predominantly steam turbines and internal

combustion engines

EE 147 Electromechanical Energy Conversion Engr. Jay S. Villan, MEP Mindanao State University-General Santos
 Steam turbine

EE 147 Electromechanical Energy Conversion Engr. Jay S. Villan, MEP Mindanao State University-General Santos
 Internal Combustion Engines

EE 147 Electromechanical Energy Conversion Engr. Jay S. Villan, MEP Mindanao State University-General Santos
 Water turbine

EE 147 Electromechanical Energy Conversion Engr. Jay S. Villan, MEP Mindanao State University-General Santos
 Field and armature winding

EE 147 Electromechanical Energy Conversion Engr. Jay S. Villan, MEP Mindanao State University-General Santos
 field windings (on the rotor) applies to the
windings that produce the main magnetic field in
a machine
Also called rotor winding

Armature windings (on the stator)applies to the

windings where the main voltage is induced.
Also called stator winding

EE 147 Electromechanical Energy Conversion Engr. Jay S. Villan, MEP Mindanao State University-General Santos
 Salient pole
a
magnetic
pole that
sticks out
radially
from the
shaft of the
rotor.

Wrapped
around
the pole
EE 147 Electromechanical Energy Conversion Engr. Jay S. Villan, MEP Mindanao State University-General Santos
 Non-salient pole
a magnetic pole
with windings
embedded flush
with the surface
of the rotor.

notches

EE 147 Electromechanical Energy Conversion Engr. Jay S. Villan, MEP Mindanao State University-General Santos
 laminations

To reduce eddy
current

EE 147 Electromechanical Energy Conversion Engr. Jay S. Villan, MEP Mindanao State University-General Santos
 A dc current must be supplied to the field circuit
on the rotor if it is an electromagnet. Since the
rotor is rotating, a special arrangement is
required to get the dc power to its field windings.
1. by means of slip rings and brushes
2. Supply the dc power from a special dc power
source mounted directly on the shaft of the
synchronous generator.

EE 147 Electromechanical Energy Conversion Engr. Jay S. Villan, MEP Mindanao State University-General Santos
 Slip rings and brushes and dc
generator

EE 147 Electromechanical Energy Conversion Engr. Jay S. Villan, MEP Mindanao State University-General Santos
 Slip rings and brushes
Slip rings and brushes create a few problems when
they are used to supply dc power to the field
windings of a synchronous machine.
They increase the amount of maintenance required
on the machine, since the brushes must be checked
for wear regularly.
brush voltage drop can be the cause of significant
power losses on machines with larger field currents
Despite these problems, slip rings and brushes are
used on all smaller synchronous machines, because
no other method of supplying the de field current is
cost-effective.

EE 147 Electromechanical Energy Conversion Engr. Jay S. Villan, MEP Mindanao State University-General Santos
 Brushless exciter

EE 147 Electromechanical Energy Conversion Engr. Jay S. Villan, MEP Mindanao State University-General Santos
EE 147 Electromechanical Energy Conversion Engr. Jay S. Villan, MEP Mindanao State University-General Santos